Training Report On Title of the Project

Submitted in the partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of degree of

Bachelors of Technology In Electronics & Communication Engineering

Submitted by: Karishma dubey Name: Karishma Dubey Reg. Number: 10906508 Name and Location of Company: BSNL,GORAKHPUR(UP) Period Training: 28/05/2012-07/07/2012

Department of Electronics & Comm. Engg Lovely Professional University Phagwara140 401, Punjab (India)

Ph. (01824-506960-61) Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering Lovely Professional University Phagwara (Distt. Kapurthala) Punjab India 144001

Ref:__________

Dated: __________

Certificate
Certified that this Training entitled Area of training submitted by Name of the Student (Roll Number), students of Electronics & Communication Engineering Department, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara Punjab in the partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of Bachelors of Technology (Electronics & Communication Engineering) Degree of LPU, is a record of students own study carried under my supervision & guidance.

Name and Signature of Training Supervisor Designation

Head of the Domain

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I am grateful to the staff and management for letting me pursue my four weeks industrial training at the department of telecommunication. I am grateful for the explanation given to me by the staff and helping me become aware of the technology in the real world .The training I had received here has helped me immensely in understanding the practical concepts of communication.

I extend my heartfelt thanks to Mr. SANJAY AGGARWAL (D.G.M planning & transmission) & Mr. S.K. DHINGRA (D.E.P) for allowing me to undertake the training under their guidance. I also thank Mr. RAJESH MALL (S.D.E) for helping and guiding me at every stage.

This report would have been incomplete without the help of Mr. .R R SHUKLA (JTO) who gave a complete insight of communication .I extend my gratitude to the entire staff of BSNL. It was a pleasure undertaking training in BSNL

KARISHMA DUBEY 10906508 BTECH (ECE)

TABLE OF CONTENT S. NO. TITLE 1. ABOUT THE ORGANISATION 2. FLOW CHART OF THE PROCESS AT THE ORGANISATION 3. DETAILS OF WORK/JOB ASSIGNED 4. LEARNING OUTCOMES & ANALYSIS 5. CONCLUSIONS 6. FUTURE SCOPE OF THIS TYPE TRAINING

PAGE NO.

The Project Report should be spiral-Binding and the title page should be as per the format (Black on white A4 sheet). Note:
1. One copy is to be submitted to the examiners panel at the time of presentation and evaluation 2. Training report must have minimum 20-30 A4 pages. 3. A power point presentation of 8-10min duration followed by question answer session would be done by each student.

Format must be in New Time Roman (12) for normal and Headlines Size must be

(14+Bold)

ABOUT THE ORGANIZATION:-

BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED

TYPE COUNTRY AVAILABLITY OWNER WESITE

: COMMUNICATION SERVICE PROVIDER : INDIA : NATIONAL EXCEPT DELHI & MUMBAI : THE GOVERNMENT OF INDIA : W.W.W.BSNL.CO.IN

B.S.N.L. Organization

Bharat Sanchar Nigam Ltd. formed in October, 2000, is World's 7th largest Telecommunications Company providing comprehensive range of telecom services in India: Wire line, CDMA mobile, GSM Mobile, Internet, Broadband, Carrier service, MPLS-VPN, VSAT services, IN Services etc. Within a .span of five years it has become one of the largest public sector unit in India. BSNL has installed Quality Telecom Network in the country and now focusing on improving it, expanding the network, introducing new telecom services with ICT applications in villages and wining customer's confidence. Today. it has about 47.3 million line basic telephone capacity, 4 million WLL capacity, 20.1 Million GSM Capacity, more than 37382 fixed exchanges, 18000 BTS, 287 Satellite Stations, 480196 Rkm of OFC Cable, 63730 Rkm of Microwave Network connecting 602 Districts, 7330 cities/towns and 5.5 Lakhs villages. Scaling new heights of success, the present turnover of BSNL is more than Rs.351,820 million (US $ 8 billion)with net profit to the tune of Rs.99,390 million (US $2.26 billion) for last financial year. The infrastructure asset on telephone alone is worth about Rs.630,000 million (US $ 14.37 billion).

HISTORY:The foundation of telecom network in India was laid by British sometime in 19th century & history of B.S.N.L. is linked with beginning of telecom in India was operated as a government of India wing. Earlier it was the part of post & telegraph department (P&T). in 1975 the department telecom (D.O.T.) was separated from P&T. subsequently in 1990 the telecom sector was opened up by government for private investment ,therefore it became necessary to separates the governments policy wing from operations wings. The government of India corporatized the operation wing of D.O.T. on October 01,2000 and named it as Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited (B.S.N.L.).

B.S.N.L.Present & Future :Since corporation in October 2000, B.S.N.L. has been actively providing connections in both urban and rural areas and the efficiency of the company has drastically improved from the days when one had to wait for years to get a phone connection to now when one can get a connection in even hours. BSNL plans to expand its customer base from present 47 millions lines to 125 million lines by December 2007 and infrastructure investment plan to the tune of Rs. 733 crores (US$ 16.67 million) in the next three years. The turnover, nationwide coverage, reach, comprehensive range of telecom services and the desire to excel has made BSNL the No. 1 Telecom Company of india.

FLOCHART OF THE SWITCH IIN BSNL EXCHANGE (OCB 283)

Main Distribution Frame:M.D.F. is a media between switching network and subscribers line. It distribute wires in different areas and this wire connect switching room and subscribers line. M.D.F. has different parts as:1. V.F. (Vertical frame) 2. N.E. (number of equipments) 3. Module. 4. Selector. 5. Wire and Cable.

V.F. (Vertical frame) :V.F. has distribution of wire in 10-10 horizontal sequence, left side connect with switching room and back side connect subscribers color wire. One V.F .has 100 pair of wire. Color wires connect with subscribers by grounding path. This color wire connects with pillar. Pillar has different no. of pair. It depends on phone connection in particular areas and after then pillar connect with D.P. (distribution point). Distribution point has 5-10 pair of wire. By the cable this one-one pair goes in the subscribers phone and 10 connections can connected with one D.P..

Figure: - Vertical Frame in M.D.F.

N.E. (Number of Equipment): -

N.E. frame is directly connected with switch room by this no. Find out the fault card of subscriber. Many time no. any fault in pillar pole and M.D.F .then find out the N.E. no of particular subscriber and check the fault. Card of switch room connection depends only on N.E. no means that with the N.E.no. check the reconnection between subscriber and M.D.F.

Figure: - N.E. in M.D.F

Complete View of M.D.F

Module: Module is a medium, which connects M.D.F. CONNECTION OF N.E .from subscriber. It is a

small hall. This module is present in V.F. is present in V.F .connect 100 module. No of module is directly proportional to no of pair.

Selector: In the M.D.F. department an important work is long distance communication. Many frames have many branches in different cities. For communication in modern banks, hotels, companies and their branches the help of modem is required. Selector is old manner but advance selector is a modem.. Selector of old manner work by help of a worker. Main form call in main exchange and branch for communication. Old manner selector have many disadvantage:1. This takes much of time. 2. Need a worker for connection for between two branches. 3. Indirect communication Wire And Cable: Wire and cable are the medium for any connection. The different type of cables use for connection: 1. Terminal cables 2. Inter frame cables 3. Power cables 4. Maintenance panel cable 5. Ground wires Colour scheme: For find out the fault in particular subscribers cable use the colour coding,.By this, we find the cable, which has a fault, and remove it. In this coding,two types of wires are used: 1. Different colour wire. 2. Common colour wire. Different colour wire has fallowing colour: 1. Blue 2. Orange 3. Green 4. Brown 5. Gray Common colour wire has fallowing colours: 1. White 2. Red 3. Black 4. Yellow Colour Sequence: NO. OF PAIR 1-5 SEQUENCE OF COLOUR COMMON COLOUR

BLUE ORANGE GREEN BROWN GRAY

WHITE 6-10 11-15 BLACK 16-20 YELLOW 21-25 WHITE 26 -30 31-35 BLACK 36-40 YELLOW 41-45 WHITE 46-50 51-55 BLACK 56-.60 YELLOW 61-65 WHITE 66-70 71-75 BLACK 76-.80 YELLOW

BLUE ORANGE GREEN BROWN GRAY BLUE ORANGE GREEN BROWN GRAY BLUE ORANGE GREEN BROWN GRAY

RED

BLUE ORANGE GREEN BROWN GRAY BLUE ORANGE GREEN BROWN GRAY BLUE ORANGE GREEN BROWN GRAY BLUE ORANGE GREEN BROWN GRAY RED

BLUE ORANGE GREEN BROWN GRAY BLUE ORANGE GREEN BROWN GRAY BLUE ORANGE GREEN BROWN GRAY BLUE ORANGE GREEN BROWN GRAY RED

BLUE ORANGE GREEN BROWN GRAY BLUE ORANGE GREEN BROWN GRAY BLUE ORANGE GREEN BROWN GRAY BLUE ORANGE GREEN BROWN GRAY RED

Figure: - V.F. showing colour coding

Introduction to Digital Electronic Switch OCB-283 (R24)

Meaning of OCB-283 O: Organ C: Control B: Bharsion (Version B) 2: 2nd generation 83: Alcatel microprocessor 8300.

Introduction:
OCB 283 is digital switching system which supports a variety of communication need like basic telephony, ISDN, interface to mobile communication, data communication etc, This system has been developed by CIT ALCATEL of France and therefore has many similarities to its predecessor E-10 B [also known as OCB 181 in France]. The language of OCB-283 is CHILL The first OCB283 exchanges R11 version were commissioned in Brest [France]. And Beijing [China] in 1991.The first OCB 283 came India in 1993.Subsequently, the system has been upgraded and current version is R24 which was fully validated in January 2003.The exchange which are now being working in the BSNL/MTNL telecom network are of R24 version. R25 version is under development and soon will be validated

SALIENT FEATURES OF THE SYSTEM:

1. It is a digital switching with single Tstage switch. A maximum of 2048PCMs can be connected. 2. It supports both analog and digital subscribers. 3. It supports all the existing signalling systems, like decadic, MF (R2), CAS and also CCITT#7 signalling system. 4. It provides telephony, ISDN, Data communication, cellular radio, and other value added services. 5. The system has automatic recovery feature. When a serious fault occurs in a control unit, it gives a message to SMM. The SMM puts this unit out of service, loads the software of this unit in a back up unit and brings it into service .Diagnostic programmes are run on the faulty unit and the diagnostics is printed on a terminal

SUBSCRIBERS FACILITY PROVIDED BY OCB-283

OCB-283 provides a large number of subscriber facilities. Some facilities are available to only digital subscribers and as such they cannot be 15 availed by analog subscribers. To avail these facilities subscriber number are given special categories by man machine commands. FACILITIES TO ANALOGUE SUBSCRIBERS: A line can be made only outgoing or incoming. Immediate hot line facility. Delayed hot line facility. Abbreviated dialing Call forwarding. Conference between four subscribers. Call waiting indication. Automatic call back on busy. Malicious call identification. Detailed billing.

FACILITIES TO DIGITAL SUBSCRIBERS:Digital subscribers are provided all the facilities available to analog subscribers. In addition, they are provided following facilities which are called ISDN services. An ISDN subscriber can use many electronic devices on its telephone line and can utilize them for two or more simultaneous calls of either Voice Data Video The ISDN or Digital Subscribers of OCB-283 can be provided the following types of connections 2B+D LINE :- 2 Voice Channel of 64kbps and 1 Data Channel of 16kbps 30 B+D LINE :- 30 Voice Channel of 64kbps and 1 Data Channel of 64kbps

FUNCTIONAL ARCHITECTURE OF OCB-283 SWITCH:

The main functional blocks of a ocb-283 switch are: Subscriber access sub system which carries out connection of different types of analogue and digital subscriber. Connection and control sub system which carries out connections and processing of calls including pcm connections. Operation and mtce. sub function which does the management of database and helps in carrying out various maintenance procedures in built in the systems.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FUNCTIONAL COMPONENTS:

1. BT (TIME BASE): Time pulses are generated in triplicate and distributed to lrs at switching unit .The time base is usually synchronized with the network by a synch. Interface . It gets the clock from pcms which carry traffic also and synchronises the local clock with the pcm clock and thus network synchronization is achieved. 2. HOST SWITCHING MATRIX: This is a pure switch of maximum 2048 lrs connectivity capability. The switchingof lr time slots are controlled by the function com which in turn obtains theparticulars from call handler known as multiregister. 3. AUXILIARIES: Auxiliary Equipment Manager(ETA).It supports following functions: -Tone generation -Frequency generation and reception -Conference call facility -Exchange clock 4. CALL HANDLER (MR): This obtains necessary data from subs.&ckts.&process for connection and disconnection of call with the help of a database manager tr. In addition this helps in carrying out ckt.tests and some observations. It establishes and releases the calls. It takes real time decisions for processing of a call. The MR also consults TR to find out subscribers entitlements.

5. DATA MANAGER(TR): This is responsible for managing &storing various subscriber and trunks related database. The data is returned by the call handler as & when required during call processing.It also stores routing and analysis data. It converts (or) translates the received digits into equipment number of the called subscriber . 6. CHARGING FUNCTION (TX): This function is responsible for charge computation on the basis of certain charging parameters supplied by the translator during analysis of digits received from a source. This also prepares detailed billing messages & forwarding the same to the operation & maintenance function for further processing. 7. MATRIX HANDLER (GX): This function is responsible for processing and for defense of connections on receipt of-Request for connection & disconnection from MR or MQ. -Fault in connection 8. MESSAGE DISTRIBUTION FUNCTION MARKER: Its function is to format if required & distribute messages. Also supervises semi permanent links& inter messages between different communication multiplexes. 9. PCM CONTROLLER (URM): PCM interface receives PCM from other exchanges remote subs. access units, access networks and digital recorded announcement systems and the URM function carries out the following -hdb3/binary code conversion -injection/extraction of ts 16 for cas. 10. OAM FUNCTION: This function enables to create all data required for subs/circuits and their testing. This also enables spontaneously issuing faults & alarm messages in case of indications coming from OCB units. Also provides features for saving detail billing/bulk billing messages on magnetic tape. It possess a two way communication path with the exchange. This is implemented in CSNL/CSBD & is responsible to forward new call connection & disconnection requests to control functions.

HARDWARE ARCHITECTURE:
CONTROL FUNCTIONS-CONCEPT OF STATION For all control function ocb uses concept of a station. Following type of stations are available: 1.CSN-subscriber access unit 2. SMT - Trunk Multiprocessor Station 3. SMA - Auxiliary Multiprocessor Station 4. SMX - Switch Multiprocessor Station 5. SMC - Command Or Control Multiprocessor Station 6. SMM - Maintenance Multiprocessor Station 7. STS Synchronization And Time Base Station

1.SUBSCRIBER ACCESS UNITS(CSN)

CSN are so designed that they can be equipped with either analogue or digital subscriber or both. The cards for analog and digital subscribers are different, but can be equipped in any slot of the shelf. CSN can be either placed in the exchange switch room or at a remote location. Further, subscriber card shelf can also be placed at the rack or at a remote location. These features provide great flexibility to meet any type of requirement of dense or sparse connection densities. Depending on their location, CSN is known as CSNL or CSND and subscriber shelf is known as local or remote concentrator. The CSNL is connected to switching matrix through a minimum of 1 GLR or a maximum of 2 GLRs. The CSND is connected to SMT rack through a minimum of 2 PCM and a maximum of 16 PCMs.

2. SMT - Trunk Multiprocessors Station

It is also known as PCM trunk control station. The smt is a interface for PCMs coming from the particular exchange and the remaining world. The current version of SMT being supplied to India is SMT 2G. In each SMT 2G, there are 8 modules and in each module there are 16 PCMs. Thus there are 128 PCMs, in a single SMT 2G. SMT 2G is built around microprocessor 68030. Function of SMT-Provides terminations of a maximum of 128 pcms from trunks -Carrying out URM -Transforming the intelligence in PCM to LR for switching to destinations and transforming the switched LR time slot into PCM.

3. SMA - Auxiliary Multiprocessor Station

Function of SMA-Tone generation(GT) Tone generators generate various tones required to be connected during call processing. These tones are Dial tone, Busy tone, Ring back tone, Processing tone etc. -Conference call(CCF) The conference circuits are used to set up connection between a maximum of 4 subscribers. These 4 subscribers can hold conference on the telephone i.e. they can talk to each other.

4. SMX - Switching Multiprocessor Station

A SMX is one module of the entire switch matrix system with independent control. The station is responsible for carrying out connection of an incoming LR time slot to an outgoing LR time slot. Switching may effect connection between subscribers, subscriber to junction, junction to junction subs. To tone or rf, junction to tone or rf etc or there may be a semi permanent connection for certain data link. Besides the connection function, the SMX performs following other functions:-clock reception from STS & distribution -fault and alarm processing -defense of the station etc.

5. SMC - Main Control Station

All the control functions are supported in SMC and one or more of these functions can be used during call processing. The main control functions are MR, TR, TX,MQ etc. Relative position of SMC in OCB exchange as shown in fig. Control functions in SMC communicate on MIS while other communicates with SMC on MAS. There are 6 common control functions in OCB-283.

6. SMM - Maintenance Multiprocessor Station

The smm provides the facility for carrying out operation and maintenance of OCB units and also manage the data base. It carries out following functions:-database management and storage -central defence of the OCB system -supervisor of token rings -processing of various commands -general initialisation of the exchange

7. STS - Synchronisation And Time base Station

This is clock system of OCB-283 system which happens to be the most vital unit of any digital switching system as switching takes place at the strobe of clock. The clock needs to be synchronised with the network. This ensures almost a common clock at every switching station. The clock system in OCB-283, therefore consists of two parts-synchronisation part and time base generator part. The synchronization interface carries out following functions:-Receives max 4 clock inputs from PCMs coming from other exchange -In the event of a error detected on the chosen PCM it shifts to other PCM and gives alarm concerning the faulty PCM -It maintains reasonably high quality of clock in terms of precision of frequency. -Counteracts losses of all synchronisation links by very high stability oscillator. -In the event of loss of PCM synch. Runs on free run mode.