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SECTION 12 USING FLEXIBLE BODIES

ADM740, Section 12, June 2007 Copyright 2007 MSC.Software Corporation

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ADM740, Section 12, June 2007 Copyright 2007 MSC.Software Corporation

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Using Flexible Bodies


In this section, you will learn how to create flexible bodies

in your models, as well as how to swap a rigid body for a flexible body.

ADM740, Section 12, June 2007 Copyright 2007 MSC.Software Corporation

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Using Flexible Bodies


Whats in this section:
Flexible Body Overview Limitations of Flexible Bodies Getting Flexible Bodies Modal Superposition Visualization Attributes About Joints and Motions Joints Connection Limitations

ADM740, Section 12, June 2007 Copyright 2007 MSC.Software Corporation

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Flexible Body Overview


Adams/Flex uses an assumed-modes method of modeling

flexible bodies, called modal flexibility. Modal flexibility assigns a set of mode shapes to a flexible body. This modal method of modeling flexibility can be very useful in problems that are characterized by high elasticity and moderate deflections. That is, deflections less than 10% of a characteristic length of the body.

ADM740, Section 12, June 2007 Copyright 2007 MSC.Software Corporation

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Flexible Body Overview (Cont.)


By integrating flexible bodies into your model, you can:
Capture inertial and compliance properties during handling and

comfort simulations. Predict loads with greater accuracy by allowing MD R2 Adams to account for flexibility during simulations. Study deformation (stress/strain can be calculated using Adams/Durability). Examine the linear system modes of a flexible model when you use Adams/Flex with Adams/Linear.

You should use flexible bodies wherever you expect

component flexibility to affect the dynamic behavior of your model or when you require accurate information about the deformations of a component in your model.
ADM740, Section 12, June 2007 Copyright 2007 MSC.Software Corporation S12-6

Limitations of Flexible Bodies


When you use flexible bodies, remember that flexible body

deformations are a linear combination of deformation shapes. Consequently, take special precautions when modeling higher order deformations, such as those that occur when deformations are large, or when attempting to correctly model centrifugal stiffening of rotating systems. You can overcome these limitations by dividing a flexible body into multiple flexible bodies and assembling them in Adams/Car. Also, note that flexible bodies are not parametric. If you want to substitute a new flexible body in your system, you must create a new flexible body.
ADM740, Section 12, June 2007 Copyright 2007 MSC.Software Corporation S12-7

Getting Flexible Bodies


Two ways to create flexible bodies
Importing modal neutral files (.mnf) - To create a new flexible

body, go to Build Part Flexible Body. Adams/Car imports the .mnf file and creates the flexible body. Creating .mnf files with Adams/Flex - With the additional module (it requires a separate license), a flexible body can be generated without access to an external FEA package. Specify the cross section, center line, and attachment points. This tool generates the flexible body, just like importing an .mnf file. In Adams/Car, Adams/Flex will also allow you to create a truck frame (two rails with multiple cross-members). For more information on Adams/Flex, see the Adams/Flex online help.
ADM740, Section 12, June 2007 Copyright 2007 MSC.Software Corporation S12-8

Modal Superposition
Adams/Flex treats flexible body deformations as small, linear

deformations relative to a local reference frame undergoing large motion Represent deformation as a linear combination of mode shapes

Simple example

Craig-Bampton modes distinguish boundary nodes from interior

nodes
ADM740, Section 12, June 2007 Copyright 2007 MSC.Software Corporation S12-9

Modal Superposition (Cont.)


Fixed boundary normal modes

Constraint modes

For more Adams/Flex theory, see the Adams/Flex online help (specifically, see the index entry Craig-Bampton modes considerations when translating FE models).

ADM740, Section 12, June 2007 Copyright 2007 MSC.Software Corporation

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Visualization Attributes
You can use the Plot Type option

to display contour or vector plots.

ADM740, Section 12, June 2007 Copyright 2007 MSC.Software Corporation

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Visualization Attributes (Cont.)


Color contours
Indicate the deformation magnitude of the flexible component Are continuous attributes, not discrete nodal values Show relative deformation, not stress Contours turned on in Adams/PostProcessor with the Contour

Plots tab

Picture

ADM740, Section 12, June 2007 Copyright 2007 MSC.Software Corporation

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Visualization Attributes (Cont.)


Deformation scale factor
Used to exaggerate deformation Can scale up or down Constraints can appear violated when the scale is >1. This is

merely visual: the analysis will, of course, maintain the constraints youve defined. When the scale is equal to 0, the shape will not be deformed but the colors will be displayed.

ADM740, Section 12, June 2007 Copyright 2007 MSC.Software Corporation

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Visualization Attributes (Cont.)


Datum node
Deformation is a relative term and should be expressed with

respect to a node:
You select which node Adams/Flex considers as the undeformed (datum) node and then all other nodes deform relative to it Nodal deformations are colorized relative to the datum node LBRF (local body reference frame, the default, also known as the body coordinate system or BCS) is in the same location as the reference frame used in FEA

ADM740, Section 12, June 2007 Copyright 2007 MSC.Software Corporation

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Visualization Attributes (Cont.)


Example of using different datum nodes
Here, node 1000 is the datum node.

Node 1000 Node 1001

In this case, node 1001 is the datum node.

Node 1000 Node 1001

The color red denotes maximum deformation relative to the datum

node.
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About Joints and Motions


Using joints
After you bring a flexible body into Adams/Car, you can connect it

to your rigid model using the Adams/Car library of constraints.

Joint locations
The joints directly connected to a flexible body must be at node

locations. It is not required that the node be an attachment point in FEM. However, it is good modeling practice to connect joints at attachment points.

You can avoid nodal mismatch by:


Using consistent numbering Paying attention to alignment issues
ADM740, Section 12, June 2007 Copyright 2007 MSC.Software Corporation

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Joints Connection Limitations


Joints are commonly used to attach flexible bodies
Fixed Revolute Spherical Universal (or Hooke)

You cannot directly connect some joints to flexible bodies


Joints that are being driven by motion generators Joints permitting any translational motion (translational, planar, and

ADM740, Section 12, June 2007 Copyright 2007 MSC.Software Corporation

so on) Joint primitives permitting any translational motion (inline, inplane, and so on) Workaround: Attach the joint to an intermediate dummy part (for example, an interface part) that is fixed to the flexible body at a node.
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ADM740, Section 12, June 2007 Copyright 2007 MSC.Software Corporation

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