Kelompok

Bab 2
1. During a hard sneeze, your eyes might shut for 0.50 s. If you are driving a
car at 90 km/h during such a sneeze, how far does the car move during that
time?

Answer: The speed (assumed constant) is v = (90 km/h)(1000 m/km) (3600
s/h) = 25 m/s. Thus, in 0.50 s, the car travels a distance d = vt = (25 m/s)(0.50
s) 13 m.


15. If a particle's position is given by x = 4 - 12t + 3tZ (where t is in seconds
and x is in meters), what is its velocity at t = 1 s? (b) Is it moving in the
positive or negative direction of x just then? (c) What is its speed just
then? (d) Is the speed increasing or decreasing just then? (Try answering
the next two questions without further calculation.) (e) Is there ever an
instant when the velocity is zero? If so, give the time t; if not, answer no.
(f) Is there a time after t = 3 s when the particle is moving in the negative
direction of x? If so, give the time t; if not, answer no.

Answer:
(a) The velocity of the particle is
t t t
dt
d
dt
dx
v 6 12 ) 3 12 4 (
2
+ = + = =
Thus, at t = 1 s, the velocity is v = (-12 + (6)(1)) = -6 m/s.
(b) Since v < 0, it is moving in the x direction at t = 1s.
(c) At t = 1 s, the speed is v = 6 m/s.
(d) For 0 < t < 2 s, v decreases until it vanishes. For 2 < t < 3 s, v
increases from zero to the value it had in part (c). Then, v is larger
than that value for t > 3s.
(e) Yes, since v smoothly changes from negative values (consider the t = 1
result) to positive (note that as t + , we have v + ). One can
check that v = 0 when t = 2s.
(f) No. In fact, from v = -12 + 6t, we know that v > 0 for t > 2s.

Bab 3
2. A displacement vector r

in the xy y plane is 15 m long and directed at

angle = 30 in Fig. 3-26. Determine (a) the x component and (b) the y
component of the vector.


Answer:
(a) With r = 15 m and
o
u 30 = , the x component of r

is given by
. 13 30 cos ) 15 ( cos m m r r
o
x
= = = u
(b) Similarly, the y component is given by
. 5 . 7 30 sin ) 15 ( sin m m r r
y
= = = u

21. An ant, crazed by the Sun on a hot Texas afternoon, darts over an xy plane
scratched in the dirt. The x and y components of four consecutive darts are
the following, all in centimeters: (30.0, 40.0), (bt , -70.0), (-20.0, cy), (-
80.0, -70.0). The overall displacement of the four darts has the xy
components (-140, -20.0). What are (a) bt and (b) cy? What are the ( c)
magnitude and (d) angle (relative to the positive direction of the x axis) of
the overall displacement?

Answer: We see that the (x,y) specifications for each dart aretobe
interpreted as ) , ( y x A A descriptions of the corresponding displacement
vectors. We combine the different parts of this problem into a single
exposition.
(a) Alog the x axis, we have (with the centimeter unit understood)
, 140 0 . 80 0 . 20 0 . 30 = +
x
b which gives cm b
x
0 . 70 = .
(b) Along the y axis, we have 0 . 20 0 . 70 0 . 70 0 . 40 = +
y
C which
yields cm C
y
0 . 80 = .
(c) The magnitude of the final location (-140, -20.0) is
cm 141 ) 0 . 20 ( ) 140 (
2 2
= + .
(d) Since the displacement is in the third quadrant, the angle of the overall
displacement is given by )] 140 /( ) 0 . 20 [( tan
1
+

t or 188
o

counterclockwise from the +x axis (or -172
o
counterclockwise from
the +x axis).

38. For the following three vectors, what is ? ) 2 ( 3 B A C


j i C
k j i B
k j i A

00 . 8

00 . 7

00 . 2

00 . 4

00 . 3

00 . 4

00 . 3

00 . 2
=
+ + =
+ =

Answer: Using the fact that k j i


= , i k j

= , j i k

= , we obtain
.

0 . 34

0 . 16

0 . 44 )

00 . 2

00 . 4

00 . 3 ( )

00 . 4

00 . 3

00 . 2 ( 2 2 k j i k j i k j i B A + + = + + + =


Next, making use of
0

1

= = =
= = =
i k k j j i
k k j j i i

we have
.)

0 . 34

0 . 16

0 . 44 ( )

00 . 8

00 . 7 ( 3 ) 2 ( 3 k j i j i B A C + + =


540 )] 0 . 34 )( 0 ( ) 0 . 16 )( 00 . 8 ( ) 0 . 44 )( 00 . 7 [( 3 = + + = .




Individu
Bab 1
26. Matahari mempunyai massa 1,99 10
30
kg. Sebagian besar matahari
adalah gas hidrogen, dengan hanya sejumlah kecil unsur-unsur yang lebih
berat. Atom hidrogen mempunyai massa 1,67 10
-27
kg. Perkirakan
jumlah atom hidrogen di matahari.

Jawab:
Jumlah atom hidrogen =
57
27
30
10 1,19
kg 10 67 , 1
kg 10 99 , 1
hidrogen atom masa
matahari massa
=

=

buah

Bab 2
26. Jarak minimum untuk penghentian terkendali, mulai dari 98km/j, untuk
mobil tertentu adalah 50 m untuk pengereman hingga berhenti.Dengan
menganggap percepatan konstan, carilah percepatan, dan nyatakanlah
jawaban Anda sebagai seberapa bagian dari percepatan jatuh bebas karena
gravitasi. Berapakah waktu yang dibutuhkan sampai mobil berhenti?