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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMMUNICATIONS, VOL. COM-27, NO. 4 , APRIL 1979

Comments on Minimum-Shift-Keying Signal Detection with Noisy Reference Signals

SURINDER KUMAR, J. S. WIGHT, AND W. J. CHUDOBIAK

Authors Reply
J. R. CRUZ AND R. S . SIMPSON

In the above paper1 Cruz and Simpson have analyzed the effect of noisy references on the MSK bit-error-rate. In their Equation (2), to evaluate the S/N ratio y for the square law tracking loop in the reference recovery circuit, they have used the squaring loss results for BPSK as derived in [ 11 . We wish to point out that this is erroneous. For BPSK input, the squaring effectively removes the modulation to give only the carrier. However, for an MSK input the squaring results in Sundes FSK, the spectrum of which has two discrete spectralcomponents aswellas the continuous spectrum around these components [ 31 . The discrete spectral components correspond to the signalsfor two PLLs in Fig. l, whereas the continuous spectrum contributes to noise. Thus with the MSK signal and bandpass Gaussian noise as the input, the PLL noise is contributed by the components due to the s X s, s X n and n X n terms in the squarer-output autocorrelation function. For example, our theoretical and measured results show that forB R - T = 2, the PLL S/N ratio y should be:

Kumar et a1 compare Equation (2) in our paper, which can be expressed with B R T = 2 as

with the equation 1 15.9

(Eb/NO)

0.636

(Eb/N0I2

-l

y=- 1
BL T

[,+-

15.9

which is significantly different from

and claim they are significantly different. For Eb/No = 10 dB and B L T = 0.05 our expression gives y = 16.58 dB and a bit error rate of approximately 0.4 X 1O-5. There is reasonably close agreement between this result and other independent results, namely that of Matyas [ 11 for the which gives a bit errorrate of approximately 2 X above parameter values. Using Kumars equation and Matyas results we obtain a bit error rate of approximately 1 0-2, which is far too pessimistic for a signal-to-noise ratio (Eb/No) 10 dB. of Although the derivation of Kumars equation is not given, this discrepancy leads us to believe that it is not correct. REFERENCES
111 Matyas, R., Effectof Noisy Phase References on Coherent Detection of FFSK Signals, IEEE Transactions on Communications, Vol. COM-26, pp. 807-815, June 1978.

.=-[--+
1

4Bi T
as given

(Eb/NO)

(Eb/N0I2

I-
and Simpsonl where the

by Equation (2) ofCruz

symbols have the same meaning in Cruz and Simpsons paper. as The first two terms in the modified expression for y correspond to the noise due to s X s and s X n terms and are the

major contributors to the total noise in the PLL. From Equation (2) of Cruz and Simpson it may seem that y canbe increased continuously if No is reduced. This isnot truesince the s X s noise term will limit the loop S/N ratio. Further, the above correction to y would change the biterror-rate of Fig. 3, and the comparison ofMSK and optimum PSK as given in Fig. 4l is not correct. REFERENCES
[ l ] Lindsey W. C., Phase Shift Keyed Signal Detection with Noisy

Paper approved by the Editor for Data Communication Systems of the IEEE Communications Society for publication without oral presentation. Manuscript received August 10, 1978. Theauthors are withtheDepartment ofElectrical Engineering, Cullen College of Engineering, University of Houston,Houston, TX 77004.

Evaluation of a Method for Interference Control

in Analog FM Systems

Reference Signals, IEEE TransactionsAerosp.Electron.Syst., Vol. AES-2, pp. 393-401, July 1966. [2] W. R. Bennet, S. 0. Rice,SpectralDensity and Autocorrelation Functions Associated with Binary Frequency Shift Keying, B.S.T.J., Vol. 42, No. 5, pp. 2355-2385, Sept. 1963. Paper approved by the Editor for Data Communication Systems of the IEEE Communications Society for publication without oral presentation. Manuscript received July 13, 1978. . The authors are with Department the of Electronics, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ont., Canada. 1 J. R.Cruz and R. S . Simpson, Minimum-Shift-Keying Signal Detection with Noisy Reference Signals,: ZEEE Transactions on Communications, Vol. COM-26, pp. 896-902, June 1978.

w. L. ARANGUREN AND R. E. LANGSETH

Abstruct-We discuss a possible method for interference con&ol in radio systems whose desired signal is analog FM. The method utilizes the fact that the desired signal has a nearly constant envelope; with interferencepresent, the compositeenvelopebecomes noisy. A conthis additional envelope noise, and itertrollingprocessormeasures atively adjusts the complex combining gain of an auxiliary signal to

Paper approved bytheEditorfor Radio Communication of the IEEE Communications Society for publication without oral presentation. Manuscript received August 16, 1977;revised October 20, 1978. The authors are with Bell Laboratories, Holmdel, NJ 07733.

0090-6778/79/0400-0762$00.75

0 1979 IEEE