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Rare Gases are obtained from atmospheric air in two stages o Step 1: Isolation of Rare Gases from Air by Ramsay & Rayleighs Method In step 1, an electric discharge is passed into a mixture of air and oxygen in the ratio 9:11 by volume. NO and NO2 are formed during electric discharge. These gases are absorbed by NaOH. The residual oxygen gas is absorbed by alkaline pyrogallol solution. A mixture of noble gas is left behind. o Step 2: Separation of Noble Gases from the mixture by Dewars Charcoal Adsorption Method Dewars Charcoal Adsorption Method is based on the selective adsorption or differential adsorption of noble gases on activated charcoal. The adsorption capacity depends upon atomic mass of the noble gas and the temperature of adsorption. The amount of adsorption increases with the increase in atomic mass and decrease in temperature. MIXTURE NOBLE GASES He, Ne, Ar, Kr and XE Charcoal -1 at 100oC He and Ne Unadsorbed brought in Contact with Charcoal 3 at 180oC Ar, Kr and Xe Adsorbed in Charcoal -1 connected to Charcoal -2 at liquid air temperature 196oC
He Unadsorbed
Kr is Evolved
In 1962, Neil Bartlett prepared the first noble gas compound of Xenon, viz Xe[PtF6] xenon hexafluoroplatinate(V). He obtained a complex compound O2+PtF6 by oxidising oxygen gas to O2+ with PtF6. So he thought that PtF6 should also oxidise Xe to Xe+. Since first ionisation energy of Xenon (1170 kJm ol1) is quite close to that of O2 (1175 kJm ol1) Neil Bartlett treated deep red vapours of PtF6 with equal volume of xenon gas at room temperature and got a yellow crystalline solid of xenon hexafluoroplatinate(V). Xe (g) + PtF6 (g) Xe+[PtF6] xenon hexafluoroplatinate(V) Several compounds of noble gases have been prepared after this preparation with oxygen and fluorine. Eg: XeF2, XeF4, XeF6, XeO3, XeOF4, XeO2F2, KrF2, KrO2 etc. However the compounds of Helium, Neon and Argon are not known so far because of their small size & hence very high ionisation energy.
2. Why noble gases are called rare gases? A. Because they are available only in minute quantity in atmospheric air (except radon)
3. What is the source of noble gases? A. Atmospheric air. (Except radon which is obtained by radioactive disintegration of Radium)
+ 2He4
5. Which noble gas is most abundant in atmosphere? A. Argon, approx. 1% by volume in air
7. Name the compound used to absorb oxygen from rare gas mixture. A. Alkaline pyrogallol
9. Helium is used in airships. Give reason. A. Because of its light weight, inertness and non-flammable nature.
10. Neon is used in beacon lights. Why? A. It passes through fog and mist.
11. Argon is used for filling electric filament bulbs. Why? A. Because of its inert nature and low thermal conductivity.
12. He and Ne cannot form compounds. Why? A. Because of their small size they have very high I. E
13. Helium is used as a coolant in gas cooled nuclear reactors. Give reason. A. Due to its high thermal conductivity & inert nature
14. Neon is used in signboards. Why? A. Because orange red glow is given by Neon.
16. Which is the first noble gas compound prepared? A. Xe[PtF6], xenon hexafluoroplatinate(V)
17. Who prepared the first noble gas compound? A. Neil Bartlett.
18. Helium is not adsorbed in Dewars Charcoal Adsorption method. Why? A. Because it is lighter than air.
NaOH
2NO2 + O2
The NO2 gas dissolves in sodium hydroxide solution forming a mixture sodium nitrite and sodium nitrate. 2NO2 + 2NaOH NaNO2 + NaNO3 + H2O The supply of air and electric discharge is stopped after some time. An alkaline pyrogallol solution is passed to absorb the oxygen gas completely. A mixture of rare gases is left behind. 2. How are noble gases separated by Dewars charcoal adsorption method? PRINCIPLE: Dewars Charcoal Adsorption Method is based Noble Gases To Vacuum pump on the selective adsorption or differential adsorption of noble gases on activated charcoal. The adsorption capacity depends upon atomic mass of the noble gas Dewars Flask and the temperature of adsorption. The amount of Dewars adsorption increases with the increase in atomic mass Bulb and decrease in temperature. Coconut PROCESS: A Dewars bulb is filled with coconut charcoal - 1 Charcoal and cooled in liquid air to 100oC in a Dewars flask. The mixture of noble gases is passed into bulb and Cold Bath allowed to remain for about an hour. Heavier argon, krypton and xenon are adsorbed in charcoal - 1. The unadsorbed lighter helium and neon gas mixture is pumped out. The charcoal - 1 containing Ar, Kr and Xe is brought into contact with another charcoal - 2 cooled to liquid air temperature of 196oC. Argon diffuses into charcoal - 2 and evolved on heating this charcoal. The temperature of charcoal - 1 is raised to 90oC, at this temperature, Krypton gets desorbed & it is collected. The charcoal - 1 containing Xenon is further warmed to 0oC to get Xenon. The mixture of unadsorbed Helium & Neon is brought into contact with charcoal - 3 at 180oC. Neon gets adsorbed and Helium remains unadsorbed and it is pumped out. The charcoal - 3 is warmed to collect the Neon.