JawaharlalNehruEngineeringCollege

LaboratoryManual

MobileComputing

For
FinalYearStudents LabManualMadeBy Ms.A.R.Salunke

AuthorJNEC,Aurangabad

FOREWORD
ItismygreatpleasuretopresentthislaboratorymanualforFinalyearengineering studentsforthesubjectof MobileComputing keepinginviewthevastcoveragerequiredfor visualizationofconceptsofbasicMobilecomputing. Asastudent,manyofyoumaybewonderingwithsomeofthequestionsinyourmind regardingthesubjectandexactlythathasbeentriedtoanswerthroughthismanual.

Faculty members are also advised that covering these aspects in initial stage itself, willgreatlyrelievetheminfuture,asmuchoftheloadwillbetakencarebytheenthusiastic energiesofthestudents,oncetheyareconceptuallyclear.

H.O.D.

LABORATORYMANUALCONTENTS

This manual is intended for the Final year students of Electronics & telecommunication and Industrial Electronics Branch in the subject ofMobile Computing. ThismanualtypicallycontainsPractical/LabSessionsrelatedtoMobileComputingcovering variousaspectsrelatedtothesubjecttoenhanceunderstandingofthesubject. Students are advised to thoroughly go through this manual rather than only topics mentioned in the syllabus, as practical aspects are the key to understanding conceptual visualizationoftheoreticalaspectscoveredinthebooks. GoodLuckforyourEnjoyableLaboratorySessions

Ms.A.R.Salunke Author

SUBJECTINDEX
1.DosandDonts 2.Labexercise: 1.Studyof GSMarchitectureandsignallingtechniques. 2.Studyof Cellularsystemandrelatedconcepts. 3.Studyof GPRSservices. 4.Studyof WAParchitecture. 5.DesignawebpageusingWML. 6.Studyof Bluetootharchitecture. 7.Studyof IEEE802.11networktopology. 8.Studyof Distributedmobilecomputing. 3. 4. 5. Quizonthesubject ConductionVivaVoceExamination EvaluationandMarkingSystems

DosandDontsinLaboratory:

1.DonotPoweronanyPCwithoutinstruction. 2.Strictlyobservetheinstructionsgivenbytheteacher/LabInstructor

InstructionforLaboratory Teachers: 1. Submissionrelated to whatever lab work has been completed shouldbedone during the nextlabsession. 2. The promptness ofsubmission shouldbe encouragedby way of marking and evaluation patternsthatwillbenefitthesincerestudents.

EXPERIMENTNO.1
Aim: StudyofGSMarchitectureandsignallingtechniques. Theory: GSM(GlobalSystemforMobileCommunications:originallyfromGroupeSpcialMobile)
isthemostpopular standardfor mobiletelephonysystemsintheworld.GSMisacellularnetwork, whichmeansthatmobilephonesconnecttoitbysearchingforcellsintheimmediatevicinity.There are five different cell sizes in a GSM networkmacro, micro, pico, femtoand umbrella cells. The coveragearea of each cell varies accordingtotheimplementation environment. Macro cells canbe regarded as cells where thebase stationantennais installed on a mast or a building above average roof top level. Micro cells are cells whose antenna height is under average roof top level they are typically used in urban areas. Picocells are small cells whose coverage diameter is a few dozen metres they are mainly used indoors. Femtocells are cells designed for use in residential or small business environments and connect to the service providers network via a broadband internet connection. Umbrella cells are used to cover shadowed regions of smaller cells and fill in gaps in coveragebetweenthosecells.

BlockDiagram:

Questions: 1. ExplainarchitectureofGSM? 2. Explain SS7.

Conclusion: InthiswaywehavestudiedGSMarchitectureandsignallingtechniques..

EXPERIMENTNO.2
Aim:StudyofCellularsystemandrelatedconcepts. Theory:Acellularnetworkisaradionetworkdistributedoverlandareascalledcells,
eachservedbyatleastonefixedlocation transceiverknownasacellsiteor basestation. Whenjoinedtogetherthesecellsprovideradiocoverageoverawidegeographicarea.This enablesalargenumberofportabletransceivers(e.g.,mobilephones,pagers,etc.)to communicatewitheachotherandwithfixedtransceiversandtelephonesanywhereinthe network,viabasestations,evenifsomeofthetransceiversaremovingthroughmorethan onecellduringtransmission. Cellularnetworksofferanumberofadvantagesoveralternativesolutions:

increasedcapacity reducedpoweruse largercoveragearea reducedinterferencefromothersignals

Fig.HexagonalCells

Que.Explain Cellularsystemwithblockdiagram. Que.Explain relatedconceptsofcellularsystem.

Conclusion: ThuswehavestudiedCellularsystemandrelatedconcepts.

EXPERIMENTNO.3
Aim:StudyofGPRSservices. Theory:Servicesoffered GPRSextendstheGSMcircuitswitcheddatacapabilitiesandmakesthefollowingservices possible:

"Alwayson"internetaccess Multimediamessagingservice (MMS) Pushtotalkovercellular(PoC/PTT) Instantmessaging andpresencewirelessvillage Internetapplicationsforsmartdevicesthroughwirelessapplicationprotocol(WAP) Pointtopoint(P2P)service:internetworkingwiththeInternet(IP)

IfSMSoverGPRSisused,anSMStransmissionspeedofabout30SMSmessagesper minutemaybeachieved.ThisismuchfasterthanusingtheordinarySMSoverGSM,whose SMStransmissionspeedisabout6to10SMSmessagesperminute.

Protocolssupported
GPRSsupportsthefollowingprotocols:
internetprotocol(IP).Inpractice,mobilebuiltinbrowsersuse IPv4 since IPv6isnotyet popular. pointtopointprotocol(PPP).InthismodePPPisoftennotsupportedbythemobilephone operatorbutifthemobileisusedasamodemtotheconnectedcomputer,PPPisusedto tunnelIPtothephone.ThisallowsanIPaddresstobeassigneddynamicallytothemobile equipment. X.25connections.Thisistypicallyusedforapplicationslikewirelesspaymentterminals, althoughithasbeenremovedfromthestandard.X.25canstillbesupportedoverPPP,oreven overIP,butdoingthisrequireseitheranetworkbased routertoperformencapsulationor intelligencebuiltintotheenddevice/terminale.g.,userequipment(UE).

When TCP/IPisused,eachphonecanhaveoneormore IPaddressesallocated.GPRSwill storeandforwardtheIPpacketstothephoneevenduringhandover.TheTCPhandlesany packetloss(e.g.duetoaradionoiseinducedpause). Que.ExplainGPRSservicesindetail.

Conclusion:Inthiswaywehave StudiedGPRSservices.

EXPERIMENTNO.4
Aim: StudyofWAParchitecture.

Theory: WirelessApplicationProtocol (WAP)isan open international standardfor applicationlayernetworkcommunicationsinawirelesscommunication environment.Most useofWAPinvolvesaccessingthemobilewebfroma mobilephoneorfroma PDA. AWAPbrowserisacommonlyusedwebbrowserforsmallmobiledevicessuchascell phonesor PDAs,developedtoallowarealisticbrowsingexperiencetousers.Giventhen,the inherentphysicalandtechnicallimitationsofthesedevicessuchassizeanddatatransfer speeds, newcodewascreated,andtheWAPbrowseraccesseswebsiteswrittenin,or dynamicallyconvertedto,WML (WirelessMarkupLanguage). BeforetheintroductionofWAP,serviceprovidershadextremelylimitedopportunitiesto offerinteractivedataservices,butneededinteractivitytosupportnowcommonplace activitiessuchas:

Email bymobilephone Trackingofstockmarketprices Sportsresults Newsheadlines Musicdownloads

WAParchitecture:
++ |WirelessApplicationEnvironment(WAE)| ++ \ |WirelessSessionProtocol(WSP)|| ++| |WirelessTransactionProtocol(WTP)||WAP ++|protocol |WirelessTransportLayerSecurity(WTLS)||suite ++| |WirelessDatagramProtocol(WDP) || ++/ |***AnyWirelessDataNetwork***| ++

Que: ExplaindifferentprotocolsofWAP. Conclusion: Thuswehavestudied WAParchitecture.

EXPERIMENTNO.5
Aim:DesignawebpageusingWML Theory: Wireless Markup Language, based on XML, is a markup language intended for devices that implement the Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) specification, such as mobilephones,andprecededtheuseofothermarkuplanguagesnowusedwithWAP,such asHTML/XHTML(whicharegaining inpopularityasprocessingpowerinmobiledevices increases). Forexample,thefollowingWMLpagecouldbesavedas"example.wml": <?xmlversion="1.0"?> <!DOCTYPEwmlPUBLIC"//WAPFORUM//DTDWML1.1//EN" "http://www.wapforum.org/DTD/wml_1.1.xml"> <wml> <cardid="main" title="FirstCard"> <pmode="wrap">ThisisasampleWMLpage.</p> </card> </wml> Wireless Markup Language is a lot like HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language) in that it providesnavigationalsupport,datainput,hyperlinks,textandimagepresentation,andforms. A WML document is known as a deck. Data in the deck is structured into one or more cards(pages)eachofwhichrepresentsasingleinteractionwiththeuser.Theintroduction oftheterms"deck"and"card"intotheinternetandmobilephonecommunitieswasaresult of the user interface software and its interaction with wireless communications services havingtocomplywiththerequirementsofthelawsoftwoormorenations.

Que.Designwebpageusing WML. Conclusion: InthiswaywehavedesignedwebpageusingWMLlanguage.

EXPERIMENTNO.6
Aim:StudyofBluetootharchitecture
Theory: Bluetooth is anopenwireless technology standard for exchanging data over short

distances (using short wavelength radio transmissions) from fixed and mobile devices, creating personal area networks (PANs) with high levels of security. Created by telecoms vendorEricssonin1994,itwasoriginallyconceivedasawirelessalternativetoRS232data cables.Itcanconnectseveraldevices,overcomingproblemsofsynchronization.Bluetoothis ashortrangewirelessnetworkoriginallyintendedtoreplacethecable(s)connectingportable and/or fixed electronic devices. Such a network is also sometimes called a PAN (Personal AreaNetwork) BluetoothissupposedtogotitsnamefromHaraldBluetoothII,Kingof Denmark940981 The concept was first patented by Ericsson. Currently the Bluetooth trade mark is ownedbytheBluetoothSIG,aconsortiumofcompanieshavingstakeinBluetooth Keyfeaturesarerobustness,lowpower,andlowcost. ProtocolArchitecture:

Que:Explaintheworkingof Bluetootharchitecture. Conclusion: ThuswehavestudiedBluetootharchitecture

EXPERIMENTNO.7
Aim: StudyofIEEE802.11networktopology Theory:IEEE802.11 isasetofstandardscarryingoutwirelesslocalarea network (WLAN)
computercommunicationinthe2.4,3.6and5 GHzfrequencybands.Theyarecreatedand maintainedbythe IEEE LAN/MANStandardsCommittee(IEEE802).

Que. Explainoperation Adhocnetworkandinfrastructurenetwork.

Conclusion: ThuswehavestudiedIEEE802.11networktopology.

EXPERIMENTNO.8
Aim: StudyofDistributedmobilecomputing. Theory: Parallel computing is a form of computation in which many calculations are carriedoutsimultaneouslyoperatingontheprinciplethatlargeproblemscanoftenbedivided into smaller ones, which are then solved concurrently ("in parallel"). There are several different formsofparallelcomputing:bitlevel, instruction level,data,andtaskparallelism. Parallelism hasbeenemployedformany years,mainlyinhighperformancecomputing,but interestinithasgrownlatelyduetothephysicalconstraintspreventing frequencyscaling.As powerconsumption(andconsequentlyheatgeneration)bycomputershasbecomeaconcern in recent years, parallel computing has become the dominant paradigm in computer architecture,mainlyintheformof multicoreprocessors. Parallelcomputerscanberoughlyclassifiedaccordingtothelevelatwhich thehardware supportsparallelismwith multicore andmultiprocessorcomputershavingmultiple processingelementswithinasinglemachine,whileclusters,MPPs,andgrids usemultiple computerstoworkonthesametask.Specializedparallelcomputerarchitecturesare sometimesusedalongsidetraditionalprocessors,foracceleratingspecifictasks.

Que:Explain MobileOS.
Conclusion:Thuswehavestudied StudyofDistributedmobilecomputing.