PHONETICS AND PHONOLOGY I & II LAB FEEDBACK

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Correction/ Tips When pronouncing just drop your jaw. Your lips should be in a neutral position s a long back vowel. Keep your tongue as low as possible. This is what you say when you go to the doctor to have your throat examined: aaaahhhhhhhh. Remember that to produce the ash you should spread your lips more. Smile! should not sound like Spanish I, but rather closer to an /e/. Otherwise it can be confused with When pronouncing you need to produce more tension. Be sure your tongue is high almost touching the palate. This vowel is much opener than in Spanish. You should spread your lips and open your mouth a little bit more You need to close round your lips and produce tension. It should be long too. If you are exposed to American English you may tend to open it too much. Remember RPis not that open as in American English. Make sure the sound is produced with the back of the tongue and dont forget the lip rounding position. Remember is a lax vowel and the position of the lips is an open lip rounding one. Remember is tense and long. Try eliding the schwa whenever you can, otherwise you will sound very Spanish-like

Syllable weaking

Vowel onglide

Avoid adding a non-existent schwa before a word beginning with a s-cluster. Eg. Stupid, student. Your lips should be in a neutral position. A common mistake is to produce a long rounded /e/. Remember that the second element in closing diphthongs is never reached. A common mistake

Diphthongs

is to produce like /andlike You need to produce more aspiration. Remember to use the techniques we have practised, ie. Try putting out a match, holding a piece of paper and moving it with your breath.

is plosive and alveolar as opposed to Spanish d, which is dental and usually fricative. Make sure there is a complete closure between your tongue and the alveolar ridge. /is plosive as opposed to Spanish g which is usually fricative. Make sure there is a complete closure between the back of your tongue and the velum. /b/ is plosive as opposed to Spanish b which is usually fricative. Close your lips completely with your fingers and release the closure suddenly. You need to bite the inside of your lower lip, leaving an opening through which air flows producing friction. Avoid producing a scraping sound typical of Spanish <j>. The place of articulation is glottal so the tongue does not touch any articulator and the air escapes freely. Use a mirror to produce words with /h/. If you are producing them correctly the mirror should mist all over. Your tongue should stick between your teeth. Try imitating Spanish people saying <zapato>. The place of articulation is between your teeth and not behind your teeth. Remember it is fricative so you should feel tickles in your tongue when the air passes through it. Remember it sounds like a bee. Say: Busy Lizzy is dizzy. Try producing it in isolation. Put your fingers on your vocal folds and say shhhhhh .Then add voice and feel how your vocal folds vibrate.

You should not produce a final g. Make sure it is a

very nasal sound.

Avoid producing this sound like a It is much stronger. Remember it is a mixture between a fricative and a plosive. Produce and then add voice. This sound plus /u/ can be very difficult. Avoid adding a /g /before this. Try saying wa, we, wi, wo wuuuuuuu.. You should feel air come out of your mouth. Remember that British English is a non-rhotic accent. So /r/ before silence or consonants is not pronounced. Avoid curling your tongue back. Go over the concept of linking r. You are not using it. Check in which syllable the word bears the stress.

r- colouring

Linking r

Wrong stress

Final consonant clusters

Function words

A cluster is a combination of two consonants. This is very difficult to pronounce for Spanish speakers, especially when the cluster is in final position or together with a word beginning with another cluster. Avoid dropping one of these consonants because it may lead to grammar mistakes or even misunderstanding. They are usually weak. Do not stress them

Silent letter

There are some letters in certain words that are not pronounced in English. Avoid speeding up when you read. Make sure you pause at the right time and not in between words which should go together. Be sure you listen to your recording before you hand it in so as to spot any misread lines or words. Be careful not to drop sounds that are not usually omitted since it may lead to grammar mistakes or

Rate of reading

Misreading Dropped sounds.

misunderstanding Intonation At this level try to imitate the music of the language. Even though this will not be evaluated, it has an effect on the overall impression of your reading . Look up those words in the dictionary to correct their pronunciation.

Mispronunciati ons

Others