Code No: R05312103 Set No.

1
III B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2007
AERODYNAMICS-II
(Aeronautical Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
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1. (a) Nitrogen, traveling at 12 m/s with a pressure of 14 bar abs., at a temperature

of 800 K, enters a device with an area of 0.05 m2 . No work or heat transfer
takes place. The temperature at the exit, where the area is 0.15 m2 , has
dropped to 590 K. What are the velocity and pressure at the outlet section?
(b) Consider the case of steady one-dimensional flow with one stream in and one
stream out of the control volume. Under what conditions can we say that the
stagnation enthalpy remains constant? [10+6]

2. (a) Describe the difference between a supersonic nozzle and subsonic nozzle?
(b) Air enters a converging-diverging nozzle with negligible velocity at an absolute
pressure of 1.0 MPa and a temperature of 60o C. If the flow is isentropic and
the exit temperature is -11o C. What is the Mach number at the exit? [6+10]

3. Write notes on the following. [16]

(a) expansion waves

(b) Reflection of an oblique shock wave
(c) Prandt’l Mayer relation

4. Derive the expressions for the lift, moment and pressure coefficients using small
perturbation theory for a thin airfoil in subsonic flow. [16]

5. What do you mean by linearized supersonic flow? A double wedge is in a supersonic

flow at Mach number of 2.0. Draw a profile of the pressure coefficient showing the
comparison between linear theory and exact shock theory. [16]

6. Prove that cl = 2 sin2 α cos α and cd = 2 sin3 α for a flat plate at angle of attack in
hypersonic flow by Newtonian theory. Draw the variation for lift/drag versus angle
of attack. [16]

7. Describe the methods for measurement of pressure on the model surfaces in wind
tunnel? [16]

8. Sketch neatly all the components of a wind tunnel balance to measure the forces on
an airplane? Show the components of any balance to measure the different forces.
[16]

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Code No: R05312103 Set No. 2
III B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2007
AERODYNAMICS-II
(Aeronautical Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) Sonic velocity through carbon dioxide is 275 m/s. What is the temperature
in Kelvin?
(b) Hydrogen has a static temperature of 250 C and a stagnation temperature of
2500 C. What is the Mach number?
(c) Oxygen flows in a constant-area, horizontal, insulated duct. Conditions at
section 1 are p1 = 20 bar, T1 = 450K, and V1 = 286 m/sec. At a downstream
section the temperature is T2 = 10480 R. Calculate the pressure P2 and velocity
V2 at the section. [4+4+8]

2. In an arbitrary perfect gas, the Mach number before a shock is M∞ . [16]

(a) Determine a general expression for the Mach number after the shock. What
is the value of this expression for γ = 1.4?
(b) Determine general expressions for the ratios p2 /p1 , T2 /T1 , ρ2 /ρ1 , and pt2 /pt1 .
Do these agree with the values shown in tables for γ = 1.4?

3. Describe two practical examples where of oblique shock waves occur. How strong
and weak shock waves are generated and how do they affect the flow. Define shock
polar. [16]

4. (a) What is slenderness ratio for an airfoil? How does it affect the flow in transonic
range?
(b) What is drag divergence Mach number? How can it be increased? [8+8]

5. The symmetrical diamond-shaped airfoil shown in figure 5 is operating at a 30 angle

of attack. The flight speed is M = 1.8 and the air pressure equals 0.59 bar. [16]

(a) Compute the pressure on each surface.

(b) Calculate the lift and drag forces.
(c) Repeat the problem with a 100 angle of attack.

Figure 5

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Code No: R05312103 Set No. 2
6. (a) What is hypersonic flow? Describe the characteristics of hypersonic flow?
(b) Illustrate a thin shock layer in hypersonic flow. [8+8]

7. What is a hot wire anemometer? Where is it used? Describe the constant current
and constant temperature methods used in hot wire anemometry. [16]

8. Sketch neatly all the components of a wind tunnel balance to measure the forces on
an airplane? Show the components of any balance to measure the different forces.
[16]

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Code No: R05312103 Set No. 3
III B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2007
AERODYNAMICS-II
(Aeronautical Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) If a perfect gas undergoes an isentropic process, derive the equations for prop-
erty ratios for pressure, density, temperature.
(b) Carbon dioxide flows in a horizontal duct at 7 bar abs. and 300 K with a
velocity of 10 m/s. At a downstream location the pressure is 3.5 bar abs. And
the temperature is 280 K. If 1.4 × 104 J/kg of heat is lost by the fluid between
these locations: [6+10]
i. Determine the velocity at the second location
ii. Compute the ratio of initial to final areas.

2. The following information is common to each of parts (a) and (b). Nitrogen flows
through a diverging section with A1 = 0.15 m2 and A2 = 0.45 m2 . You may assume
steady, one- dimensional flow, Q = W s = 0, negligible potential changes, and no
losses. [16]

(a) If M1 = 0.7 and p1 = 4.85 bar, find M2 and p2 .

(b) If M1 = 1.7 and T1 = 350 C, find M2 and T2 .

3. (a) What is the condition for the oblique shock wave to occur? When the oblique
shock does become normal shock wave?
(b) For the flow field shown in figure 3 determine βr , M2 and M3 if M1 = 2.0 for
βi = 400 . [4+12]

Figure 3

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Code No: R05312103 Set No. 3
4. Derive the expressions for the lift, moment and pressure coefficients using small
perturbation theory for a thin airfoil in subsonic flow. [16]

5. What do you mean by linearized supersonic flow? A double wedge is in a supersonic

flow at Mach number of 2.0. Draw a profile of the pressure coefficient showing the
comparison between linear theory and exact shock theory. [16]

6. (a) What is hypersonic flow? Describe the characteristics of hypersonic flow?

(b) Illustrate a thin shock layer in hypersonic flow. [8+8]

7. What is the importance of non-dimensional parameters in aerodynamics? Give

some examples of non-dimensional parameters explaining their applicability. [16]

8. (a) How would you find the effect of a sting employed for a wing-alone test?
(b) Give the runs and procedure to get the tare and interference of a three finned
bomb on a single support. [8+8]

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Code No: R05312103 Set No. 4
III B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2007
AERODYNAMICS-II
(Aeronautical Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) Derive the continuity equation in differential form for an inviscid flow.
(b) Air flows steadily and isentropically into an aircraft at a rate of 100 kg/s. At
a section where the area is 0.464 m2 , Mach number, temperature and absolute
pressure are found to be 3,-60o C and 15.0 kPa. Determine the velocity and
cross-section area downstream where T=138o C. Sketch the flow passage. [8+8]
2. (a) Assuming the flow of a perfect gas in an adiabatic, no-work system, show that
sonic velocity corresponding to the stagnation conditions (at ) is related to
sonic velocity where the Mach number is unity (a∗ ) by the following equation:
1/
2

a∗ 2
at
= γ+1

(b) Air flows with T1 = 250 K, p1 = 3 bar abs., pt1 = 3.4 bar abs., and the cross-
sectional area A1 = 0.40 m2 . The flow is isentropic to a point where A2 =
0.30 m2 . Determine the temperature at section 2. [9+7]
3. (a) A supersonic flow with Mach number 2.8 and pressure of 1 atm is deflected
through an angle θ such that the Mach number behind the shock is 1.45. Find
the angle of deflection and the pressure behind the shock.
(b) Show by a neat sketch the reflection of a shock from a solid boundary. [12+4]
4. (a) What is a supercritical airfoil? How is it useful in increasing the drag diver-
gence Mach number?
(b) Explain the term area rule. How does it affect the performance of an airplane?
[8+8]
5. Consider a biconvex thin airfoil placed in a supersonic airflow. Draw the flow
pattern with the shock waves and the pressure plot across the chord of the airfoil?
Discuss the different flow regions emerged on the airfoil. [16]
6. Derive the following hypersonic small-disturbance equation for flow over slender
bodies. [16]
′ ′
∂v̄ ′ ′ ∂(v̄ ) ′ ∂(v̄ ) ∂ p̄
ρ̄ ∂ x̄ + ρ̄v̄ ∂ ȳ + ρ̄w̄ ∂ z̄ = − ∂ ȳ
7. Draw a Hot wire circuit for measurement of velocity of air. What are the materials
used for hot wire? Derive the expression for the resistance of the hot wire. [16]
8. Sketch neatly all the components of a wind tunnel balance to measure the forces on
an airplane? Show the components of any balance to measure the different forces.
[16]

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Code No: R05312103 Set No. 4
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