m

itui

BR

DIVERSITY

LIBRARY

In Loving Memory of

HARRY W. SONN

Given by
SAM & SALLY DAVIDSON
1978

BRANDEIS UNIVERSITY

NATIONAL WOMEN'S COMMITTEE

REPRINTED FROM THE JEWISH QUARTERLY REVIEW

NEW
VOLUME

SERIES

XII,

NUMBER

NOTES ON POST-TALMUDICARAMAIC LEXICOGRAPHY

BY
N.

J.

EPSTEIN

PHILADELPHIA THE DROPSIE COLLEGE FOR HEBREW AND COGNATE LEARNING

1922

*TV
1^53

NOTES ON POST-TALMUDIC- ARAMAIC LEXICOGRAPHY

By
J.

N. Epstein, Charlottenburg.
II

Sheeltot.

The

language of the Sheeltot (= She.)

is

on the whole

the language of the Babylonian Talmud.

But, as in the
it

case of the language of the

Geonim

generally,

shows

particular

resemblance to the language of

x

Nedarim,

Nazir, Temurah, Keritot, and Me'ilah, these tractates being distinguished from the others dialectally (by instead of
n,

Nonb, tvk ab, so'K ab, epm,

vncmb, and so
fuller

on),

and
pro-

characterized

by

'older'

and

forms

in

the
;

nominal and verbal suffixes (}W, pr~

P" prs\ fltfyn

further-

rbn instead of yn, KTn, pin, pnvi, oyro, &c).

There

is

in Babylonia,

no doubt, however, that the She. were composed and thus furnish us linguistic matter of the

genuine
follows
i.
:

Babylonian-Aramaic type.

The

proofs

are

as

The language which

in

is

Babylonian throughout, and

is

marked as such
na, toy, kpd*t,
1

mn ira, wmn Yin,

esp. 244-5.
this

orthography and vocabulary (NSOIN, NOK, pnn, k.t, nn*o, anb awo
article

Concerning these tractates see the

by

W.

Rabbinovvitz

in

D^BTP,
2

X, 233
to

ff.,

But

conclude from
',

that those tractates belong to an

1 d,

'older

redactional stratum
(in

as Margolis does in his Lehrbuch,

this

is

an error
literature
1.

accordance with

conclusion the She. and

!)
;

the

Gaonic

generally must be older than the Talmud

comp. on the contrary note

299

300

THE JEWISH QUARTERLY REVIEW

s

W; Persian: KpJTlK, NdN, N3"nj

Npmn,

'an on,

feripIV,

and

mma).
2.

Its
IN,

Babylonian terminology
D3
""N,

(yraa

KD, WD, ', l^N,

n!>,

KD^*1

"IDlS*

*Dn
,

DN,

*V3'n

" JOn

3,

k<jd<b n^i, pijn,

fcODns?,

moN

,
)

nnN

n n^>n,

^id yn, Kavi, kd^k,

pan

"IIOK, &c.)

and the almost exclusive use of the

Bab.

Talmud

(a

few citations from the Palest.

Talmud and

Midrash 'prove nothing to the contrary, comp. Poznariski, JQR., N. S., Ill, 405).
3.

Passages,

though

citations

from the Babli, which

speak of the Babylonians and Babylonia as pN, p, and

N3n
in contrast to \rb
'lD

and Dnn
*3;

No. 5

KH1

Nn

"rfja

nS

inb; 35:

Dnnb P"6d

nn pnay
;

d"d
ttzrb

Nncm
nmi

'ia

46 (=109): pH3J? DTlia *u3 I^Nl scr nn 58 Kp w**rrhs> pN

;
:

pnay
niD*N

ibid.

divi

ij?ni

and 68

ia

una

ion

:;

(comp. Hullin 49 b~5oa and Pesahim 51 a). [Furthermore, She. No. 100 paraphrases a difference of opinion in b. Ber. 35 a which is not called expressly a controversy,
in a

manner not unusual

*-N*ttDN

in

the Babylonian
3n
'"VS

Talmud T^a
"inch
pjJJDB*

Nmym
NDmsi
in b.
:)

nn
fKDl

nn:
'ID!

s"n

na

vba

*o^n

n^a
'QTi

-IDNT
nor*

XDH12T

"JEN

nn '212

nn Kmj?o3 "NmcN
f^n? noxai

nm man ntuam
3

nn nn t^s rppjna \so nin^ msnn }nd ionj (noiN 3a, nn tram!
(

Cited in
fol.

HG. 2?U
129 a

ed.

Venice

V.), 132 b

= Berlin ( = B.)
Han.

549

comp.

menu,
J.

B.

529.
3*irtJ

Nevertheless also R.
Besides,
4,
it

from Hid.: "11D*X \2

M. Freimann
to

Nam.
II,

THtm,

p.

n.

51a was already remarked by 90: inn D*KTl ycK'O fKDlD

:

cites

Pes.

niD^N ia urn
Babylon and

Nam ana
21.

a"y ^aaa

mn mya nir&wvn.
Hark. 4 *D3

Dnn

for Palestine

occur also in Anan

Nan for Dnn S]Nl

;

Nan, N3Nn, 14-16,

I,

Likewise

in Sherira's Epistle,

Neubauer, Anecdota,

22, 23, 27, 28.

31

This Baraita from the School of Rabbi,

"<2~\

an, was considered by

She. as post-tannaitic, Amoraic.

POST-TALMUDIC-ARAMAIC LEXICOGRAPHY

EPSTEIN
this
is

30T

rrw
in
4.

vbv

nnciNt? nan

wbibn vnp

nN.

Since

no

citation from the Babli the author

it

must have composed

Babylon.]

Furthermore, the single Sheeltot are to be considered

i.

from the very outset as of Babylonian provenance,

a collection of decisions and lectures 31
'

e.

as

(Geonim)

as
:

far as

opinion of R. Ahai
suggested, but
She., No. 58

by Babylonian scholars they did not conflict with the personal

in

part literally transmitted, as already

without proof, by Reifmann. 4

naitrxna N'ann

Thus the
"p*ra

v"n na btt\DV2 ttrabn

in
is

ona

bmms

Nna^nn

mwb
the

'tt

(quoted
133),

the

name

of Ahai,
in

Responsa, ed. Cassel, No.

mentioned
delivered on
b.

a reNrl3B>

sponsum
NPann

of Shcrira

as

decision

a
in

before

exilarch
b.

Solomon

Hisdai

the
(it

days of R.

Samuel

Mari,

Gaon
Nan

of

Pumbeditha

met, however, with opposition),

Responsa, ed.

Harkavy,
jo

No.

183,

p.

82:

ncvj>

paj&

noNn

pan

Naw
rrc&B>

'can noNi mtavnn pn

d;
fiNa

nn

pa^n
"ova

itrbn fena

an nnxo Npn Nin

\snan

^nik>

an

no

Nnta

B>n
(r.

na

anta K>n 'dp N^ann

pn

Nnapa

nton

era

did

,Nnnaoia)

pan ianB> Das5> 'oNn ^nidbg iWD$> n^wn fona ana 5 p5ai nwi i^Nin ;cna ann n^ nNi irmintn *pvn pi nu pNnpap n!>n
NriNaTiD

pnnn vp inaN 'na

in

Np^oaw Nnb

N-oni

Npn

"ata.
:

Again, Hai Gaon

niaNi
"K3T

Responsa, ed.
[rip

Harkavy, No. 228

lrmax an
|NDa p^yn-

lan^a
n!?i

nmoo

n-nan

wao

not? lanmn

diini

'Nan

nnaa
1

tun pe6a nann

(NTl^N^).

nnnn

wniaN

3b
4 5

n^an N]"6nB>

see below, sub

nii^n nu, in. Comp. Nathan ha-Babli

Ninuoi

\t&

nBHSH pajQ
trNni?

CHini Jm^3 ITNn nrVlDl

frv

noia

na

Nnnipi a na*y
noijn i^d^

mm

in

Dvn miN

^am can

nriN

aBnn paya a^DT.

Now was

not

n in* ana noiNi x^yaa b*nno R. Ahai this ^am osn ;pt?

302

THE JEWISH QUARTERLY REVIEW

ini

moN
in

*pinB>

i^in
?a*jn*

m^>
fc&i

wjrr n^

rtaa
^03

t^

mNi rw^Nan ^dd in na>3 nvm i^bw *wd nhvi -hwd byaw
N^n

mco
>n3T

nnai ruina^

mea
k

^y33 npa^ wn
6
)

mow

^ds^

n3in3$> 3

resembles almost verbatim She., No. 95: mi3S

WW

n^

p*n panp

p
.

(so

MS. E
n^n jo

jrr n^i mwiNi

wn
mm
ib>3

pii

nw

mm
oti

na3^

jwn N"vnm
*"n t&npi

>n

nt nbin

M3n w*k

ins Din

byvb
j
'tt

tidni
\x

mb *pvw nw mn
'D 'in

uwi
'13
N^>

mow
*33^>

biDao *n

ico

jm* &6i

toxn mnm
^y33

K30VTD nC'23
IN
'n

101^ NSDTI DN

N^ IN

MCTO

ntWW
in

J//V/.

Likewise in the p3^ naiDJ^ nna '13. (by R. Samuel Gam'a), fol. 143 (Steinschneider rrobrPN "B1 Zeitschrift, II. 78): ai 'ob nniMofo
N3DT110

npin

3io

mnW w
.

ktwp
l3*3rN

pjB>

'no

mairpN

bi

^"r

\snim

wanting)
biP^>N
8
rr\3

nriN refya
. .

r^ya nona Knanwo[i] N3Tn nin NnsicD

.

mn
|jPBpa

jn

'Nn

7Npl (in

our copy of the She.

ixbn

pyai

ions 'ntqd
origin,

pan

movd.
is

For a Palestinian
at
all;

however, there
NTTl,

no evidence
are

for

NnW,

quoted by Ginzberg are good Babylonian-Aramaic words, since they occur in both the Babylonian Talmud and the

CfQ,

ym,

and

NS&N which

Gaonic

literature, as I shall

prove further below.

is

The date
to

of the composition of the Sheeltot

therefore

(Natronai)
to

who was the cause which, according to Ibn Palestine

Kahana
I,

be placed

before the Gaonate of

his

pupil

Natroi

of his emigration

Anccdota,
Sel.),

63), lasted thirteen years, until 4521 at

Daud (Neubauer, (= 1072

Sherira Gaon,

and hence began

places in the

1059/60 Sel.
Sel. the

however,

year 1059
b.

beginning of the
is

Gaonate of Rab Samuel

6

Rab

Mari, which

followed by

E = MS.
E:
''Nit

Epstein,

F =

Cod. Merzbacher, Frankfurt.

->

"13
8

DVirriD 'N, F: "pro N JJ*p NIH D^anp; ed. v. nyr 161. JTDNT

vb\

m^l NOP

iTUS

More

in

another place.

POST-TALMUDIC-ARAMAIC LEXICOGRAPHY
that of Natroi

EPSTEIN

303

Kahana (the duration is not given), then Abraham Kahana (again the duration is not indicated),
in

and then

the year

1072 Sel. begins the Gaonate of

ibid.,

Rab Dodai
statement

(Neubauer,
Natroi's

pp. 35-6).
office

term

of

According to would have to

this

be

shortened slightly, and 1061-1070 Sel. would be the date.

At

all

events,

the

composition
b.

took

place

during

the

Gaonate of R. Samuel
exilarch
also

Mari, under the reign of the

is

Solomon

b.

Hisdai (see Sherira), which

4).

confirmed

from another source (see above under

place
of composition
is

probably Pumbeditha, where subsequently Natroi became Gaon. Whether his above-mentioned pupil, Natroi of Bagdad,
took part in the redaction of the Sheeltot, cannot of course be maintained with any degree of positiveness. Redactional glosses, however,

The

which are exceedingly ancient and

(*DJ \s\

are found in

all

our

MSS.

wbwtn

VtrWD

*a

"..

&c.)

make

it

evident that the

work has come down

Further proof

to us in

the form of a later redaction considerably modified and

shortened by his pupils.

is

furnished

by

many

She.

which are
for

abbreviated

and translated into

No. 167 see Hal. Ged. and Geonica No. 146, see Hal. Ged., &c), and also by a '13 "Nan pJO 31 Sin 1DK, MS. E and passage in No. 138

Hebrew

(as,

instance,

RNZB
9

9a 'a '3

nan no nK. 10
foi.

in

no*rw
'"ii

'n,

214b

nsnaa Kna^c

Nns*
;n

ano rnn^Niy
d^jni
. . .

nam

bio

pnaio
*aya

roaa

nn jxa iNnDttta xin

|i

irn^yna

ma
9a

h:n3d bnx

^"r

pra

ww
Gaon

3-1

nc$> (!)

nvxym roana

NrV*13.

Steinschneider,
Z.

in Jiid. Zcitschr, II, 79-80.

MS. of R. N.

Berlin, quoted in his

commentary 70W&

pW^

and

in his

Additamenta.
"ID, the pupil of Jehudai

10

If N3~l

(see Aptowitzer,

REJ., LVII,

304

THE JEWISH QUARTERLY REVIEW

this

Assuming that Natroi Kahana participated in redaction, we should have to expect in our She.

also

something of the Aramaic dialect of Bagdad, to which no doubt belongs the mvon iSD of Anan (see above), who,
as a

member

of the family of the exilarch, probably had

his residence in
I

Bagdad.

11

begin with the technical terms and other constant

It

expressions.

should be noted at the outset that

4 '

we can

hardly speak about the She.

latter is

citing
in

the Babli

where the

quoted

it

is

often

done
is

paraphrase, and even in

;

citations the exact

wording

not retained (see above sub 3

furthermore, e.g., sub 13 on KTH, fbn, prx. 14, 15, 17, 18,
19, 21, 25, 29, 31, 43, 48, 71,

&c), but rather accommodated

to the
1.

language of the She.

Kn^Kty.

Every She. begins with the word NfipN^

ninp\xc
;
,

(pi.

hebraized
is

as the
;

name
it

of the book).
there

The
only
llil

word

good Babylonian

signifies
:

not

'question'

toya, as Meg. 28 b
:

NTlD
'13

xr6w

^WI *D"p
Khb>KV

and Shab. 30 a-b

246
ff.)?

xn^KCP

pjrfn

'no
i?V

W
ed.

b)M
(in
ff.])
;

Now
1
f.
:

comp. also the

WSHSn
X3"l 'X

TtD

ITDPn,

Schechter
263

Elircn D. print in the Festschrift zu

Hoffmann [now Hebr.

division, p.
I,

recto,
I.

1.

']?E>

"O

'b>7\

(= She. No.

47, -iTttrTl,

240-41)

ibid.,

1.

ff.

taints

osb
1

X3i

nta-nz'

vb nt nn n&nw n3^n jnw B>in ion 'x nabn 3n3> ins anna ncyro (137 ix-i 'n=o

EUX" xb p
V. 23:
II, 261, in the

""D^yEN 'SI (comp. Rabba, Hul. 12 b)

'K 'ID
'IN

N3X W3"!
'1

further,

6n 13 N3X 13^1
name
of fl&Un
1.
;

^H3DH
;

|JITP

(=

31 D

btP,
like

= R. Jehudai

INI 7l, 6 on the contrary

milT H)
of

further,
f

#rf.,

25: '13

^3n
call

X^X DmB>b

^30
As

f3 HO N31 'X
to the relation

(against 1X1

T\,ibid.,

Mar Rabba
11

to

'

R. Aha'

and against R we must

:

Dimi Hul. 15

b").

attention to Kalla rahbati (comp.

Aptowitzer,

I.e.,

note), ch. 4
in

'13

XllX 31 f>"N '13 K3*l ?b eppn.

is

That Anan lived

,
,

Bagdad

proved by Ibn Alhiti (Poznariski, JQR.,

in addition
to

VIII, 432; D ^C1"T'

in Targ.

X, 84).

Comp.

the Irakiyah (i!Jb\J.c)

Onk., Berliner, Massora, 23, and below

IVN X?, sub

14.

POST-TALMUDIOARAMAIC LEXICOGRAPHY
'13

EPSTEIN
'
'

jwonp NJ^NBH

(so

Rashi

in

accordance with MSS.), but

responsum Der GaondiscJie Kommentar, &c, pp. 83 and 160) (comp. my and even 'lecture of the Resh Metiba generally, as HG.
5

also, as is frequently the case

with the Geonim,

nVTD3,

ed.

Venice,

138 d below

3"i

no wnsn
is

*ei"VS

l^K

n^n

snbNB'2 NnaTiD urn

;

wan
see

(rbn naturally

the correct

reading

concerning

PI73

below, the passage quoted

sub 2 and sub 85).

Every She. opens then (after the word KnP'NSP) as follows: ' bmw nan pa^no n, 5>Kne n*T\ pano n
2.
'ia
'13

i^Sn,

'13

^N-itr
'13

iran^

jinij

tdk

n,
'

'is

i^n

n,

12

^yarvon (No. 19),

n"3p inrnnTto (167 and 102).

The

"n

is

the Bibl.

Aram. H, Papyri
It
is

1 (comp.

my

Weiterc Glossen,

&c.' in

Z^4

W., 1913, p. 235), Syr. ~n

ncvb, as introducing

the direct speech.

I

preserved
:

in the

Talmud
:

as far as
verb nb
;

know only

in

the following places

; :

Suk. 46 b

BWK

H>o SM3TPn Kpw^ Ket. 53 a n"tyyi i?iyn KTOKp "12 1BK Nni ^"k; #, 18 a: 'ok Ker. 3b: '13 b"m pnv 'ti Knai^a /_ JQ K.nn rr6; Me'ilah 14 b: ' 'ya soHn hdkj rvi tko
>

Sanh. 46 b 'Aruk
n*a

m*
;

n3yn rvb nos

:

mn ('Aruk

!>"

xo '*

nnapi jn nsyn)

RCH.

(*|rwa irunn

noibj

rana

T3jn.

We

might perhaps add the phrase K3K *TWri ("mm) noK,

pan mo&n no'K, comp. Rosh Hashanah 6a: mn jot "iDinon niO'K. But it is quite frequent in Gaonic literature as well as in

Anan's writings:

HG.
n^>

pDa, ed. Ven.,

79 a (B. 325)
jin:

J331 iya

mo
'13 '13

'13

rrtw
;

"in

nan
*

'nan

ni>33

wan
:
'

3-1

no

-op

rwnan
nonan
12

Responsa, ed. Hark., No. 555 ' j;n KSTDT" in the Formularies of Ifanin ni D^inpn
;

No. 60

has

JXO I^NT; No. 44 F: '13 ni33

likewise No.

JNO l^KT ND^NB', F buTKT JV3 J^riOl ST^Nr 115 E, F, and Oxf. c. 18 (fragment): I^XT
:

I^H "p*

DT3; and 130 F:

'13

JKO I^Kl

"p*

CH3,

otherwise here without T.

VOL. XII.

306
Decrees,

THE JEWISH QUARTERLY REVIEW

&c.',

by Aptowitzer
:

in

JQR.,

1913,

pp. 23

fif.,

No. IX (p. 29) k[3]b*3 nvn winno yyc ^ya '^>an rnox 'id Responsa mm mon, No. 13 In She. 'b b'Dii piN-i }o tojpn K**b wia hhd *an3 \xi.
*am
'ia

'ba
;

na

'^an 'ia

not rare even in other connexions:

'ia *a

No. 10:

3")

17

"iont

wn on

tuna

nn*

nno: xmis* 'an

^Daa

widw now (E rvrnori

mow;
:

nvmto) 21

F: twin
t*n

-wy
;

tuto

60

and F:
3hd
oa

wya kH
'id

mot?

(E Np sn)
;

72

E and F npdh n^
'ia

3^d

T3 ^ men

95

wn
;

mow
113
:

T^ya: n^aon

wn

mow

nj-oys n^aon (E
-ji?

F snayo)
;

toxi an

w ttH n6 now

twoaro ana;

F
'id

wrongly mbi:

!)

119: Tnb kH n"6 yanc^w (likewise E, but and 130 E npon }-\md mb nowi twiyean
}0.

am
trabn

wn
;

n^nyn
:

In

Anan, Hark., 5

161

non

xpi

(nnon =) nnon
13:
jvx

prb into np notrn Tiipn non

wwin^ jia^a^;
'13

mtwofc 'om n^ [non]

NrvniNa -pn^

Np

pn

i?sn^ newt; and 24:

ed. B.,
'13

pranrn n6
n:h

non Np.
;

HG.,
326:
(ed.

63

Nuanan Np n^ x:tn
iin*i

'ynitcb

'yanoi

#&/.,
naiayi
is

nrw (^y=) ^Ny

^y
do
Tin,

mow
c
:

^
npi^

rvnwi

V., 79 a
;

hence the correction by

Hild.

unjustified)
'13
'13
"\b

ed. V.,
s

nw^n 109
np)b
)\nh

wyan
'13

n^ noN -w
;

^m
03,
2*0)

tottf

n>b

ion

ana^ob
B.,

t^/.,
;

prx

w^an
HG.,

m yni

'o^i

(=
pi

ed.

448, 449)

in
:

ns^n
'13

ed. V., 66 c (B., 315, ltn 'n, ed. Schl., 121)

"b

mn

Wixi rr^a n*lON

Responsa, ed. Cassel

in

No. 41 (comp.
jiid.
'ia
'id
lit.

my
;

'

Rechtsgutachten, &c.'

Jahrbuch der
nwi b"n

Gescllschaft,

IX, 261)

ruNn nyhb ^o H o^ hw: b*y

:

\syix
jostd
;

nna

Responsa, ed. Hark., No. 546

: ;

in
'ia

No. 554 'ia JN3B>ina 'b "F^n 'ow R. Zemah 11"P3n NflnJN ^ nnx Hamakria, No. 43 piNVi (r. TWO) ? 3nD pyotri piwi wn {? noN 'ov ina^ 'ia n^y p^naoDn
: ;

Geonica, ed. Ginzberg, p.

'ia

10 1, last line:
'id

N3H

'op

NO^l
'n

tutn

^mT., 212,

1.

16

niuhd mvan pixn na n^

POST-TALMUDIC-ARAMAIC LEXICOGRAPHY
'id

EPSTEIN
;
;

307

jvw Noyu
:

\so; ibid., 213,

1.

'id

Nina n:nr roxn

n^ mosi

&&, 214 'id unrVN wfi -id^ bvib nb n'K * zW. n^ w and finally 267, ' fyi nhn (j-zV!) [xnn]^ mow (n^\xi =)
;

I.

3:

'l3 n"T3JTJ

(inn =) im

"IX"I1

('and as to his saying

in

come
for

ye,

let

us

remove him,
a

&c.',
:

in.K,

imp.

pi.,

as,

instance,

Baba batra 22

tnW2
20:

173N

in).

Comp. Land.,
-now. 18 *
in

Anecdota Syriaca,

III, 3,

1.

KH'lp

N333 irn

bKn^
No.
wise
1
:

nm

is

an abbreviation for ^ne* rV3n NDy, as

btne IV3n NEy Natab (E and

n"31 .Toy), as likeB"l

in

the Bab.
to

Talmud

raftefl

"21,

xnib

'3T, in

Targ.

Yer.

II

Deut. 25. 17-18

pbvy n*3T,

in

Pal.

Talmud
I

frequently '^a n^3T p?N (similarly Syr.).

in

In Targ. Yer.

direct

speech:

^tnc* * <y (often), in Targ. Yer. II:

nay),
;

tant^ n"3 y (n:y

Exod.

20.

(^nt^

rra noy

^y)

Lev. 19. 16 (bniw

*J3 nay)
oy
;

m
;

23.

2,

19

34. 20

'Dy),

26 (same);

Deut. 14. 22 (bsiB*

25.

4 (same)
12b

Pal.

Talm.
rrcri

Ber.,

V, 9c:

'id

bttiw V2
r.

pDainDl
fr.

i^\si.

[Mand.

kdk

^nODy, Sidra
fattl.

I,

45, 5

below, 120,
in

9, 10.]

vW

is

frequent

the Bab. Talmud, note par-

ticularly
'13

Pes. 5

la^niBna

vsrvo

iSn

3irb

i^xn

jva

"Hp.
3.

K3VH.

After the introduction follow

fcOTll (e. g.

details,

often
'

prefaced by
si,

Nos.

6, 17, 20, fN

&c.) in the sense

if,

of the

legal

codes, Syr.
first

(px).

In this sense K3V1

in

appears here for the

time (then frequently

;

HG., &c).

Comp.
4.

N3T11 in
ntTI.

Anan,

ed. Schechter, 12, 21

14, 14.

Then

follows very often (usually before nil

T~iv) \sni as

an introduction of a case about which there

is

cannot be any doubt: 'this

12a

certain' (that if.

.),

e.

12b

See Addenda, No. 16. See also Landauer, Festschrift Harkavy,

p. 26.

308

THE JEWISH QUARTERLY REVIEW

'ia

No. 17:
38
for,

^r
'"D

nb
K*ll

->ek

wn; 20E:

'ia

Kn

rvi?

ids wtT;

43:

'W, 50, &c.

In the Bab. Talm.

we

usually find Ktt^s instead (also in She., No.

from Sanh. 74 b
'id

42 citation
;

'13

'n "*ya

'ia

jpoma KDTD
'13

No. 154:

ins
is

Kin kd'ps;

and No. 170:

Ern

'13

nyc kbwd),

which
p. 8.

always rendered by Hi Okti)

in 1K~I nia^n, e.g.

5. T"iv Di3.

Then comes
in

the 'question' which begins

(often) with

yw

D13, or D"0 alone, as the She. from the

Petersburg

MS.
fr.

the ed. Wilna, III, 226

1.
;

Geonica, 386

No. 44

ibid.,

a citation
"p-fif

25 and v., 7 Hark., No. 376, p. 191, 372 r., No. 124; HG., ed. V., 57 b ed. B., 275:

D-12
;

ibid.,
I,

57

d ed.
32
a,
'13

B.,

277

'T>'

D*13 wanting
,

in

She.
'13

Tnrni

nn\

fol.

She. No. 115

F:

ibn D13 *or

K3M, No. 124 F:

K3V1 )b& D13, &c.

The complete

9\b'K>b (or UK panx) HK "p^X D13, according to the testimony of Nathan ha-Babli (Neubauer, Anecdota, II,

formula was

84, cited above, p. 301, n. 5).

So
I

it

is

still

found in the

ed. (ed.

= ed. Venice
1, 2,

1546, which

use exclusively through-

out) Nos.

65
3,

abbreviated to
1.

'"tob

T~M

D~I3 in

135

11.

and

142

2,

146, 168

'ob T">* D">a in

'nb,

Nos. 133, No. 139.

Beginning with No. 97 the abbreviation

resolved

'wb has been

is

erroneously into
in

1D17,

ICD?, which

always

missing

MSS. E and
is
still

tioned above

The complete formula menpreserved in MS. F, Nos. 3$ and 44

F.
J

(margin)
in

Geonica, 371 ('zb 'K

my Vienna fragment, JQR-,

pi.

914,

likewise in the

pans Q13,

in

380 (nK yiX D13) 420 $pxb UK pans Q13, Tanhuma, npn = No. 137)
'X D13),
;

MS. Oxford
No.
fol.

(fragm.)

hebr.

d.
;

63

(a8sj631)
fol.
;'.,

fol.
v.,

^
100

bis, fol.
r.,

56

r.,

No. 10

bis,

No. 34 100 z/.

s

(282650)

99

55 No.

z/.,

4,

z'foV/.,

101

No. 96;

HG.,

ed. Berlin,

219 (wanting

in

She.,

No. 103); abbreviated to

POST-TALMUDIC-ARAMAIC LEXICOGRAPHY
t\b'K)b

EPSTEIN
)

309
23
e.
r.

'IS D-12
6),

MS.
(No.
;-.,

Oxf. (fragm.)
7),

d.
8)
;

48 (276o 10

fol.

(No.

23
fol.

v.

24

z>.

(No.

Oxf. (fragm.)

16

(266o 8 )

12

No. 4

{'rb ' 'T3)

and

fol.

12

t\,

No. 5

(the same).

13
tains,
e. g.

is

not confined to Pal. Aramaic, as Ginzberg main-

but was also used in Babylon in public inscriptions, as Baba batra 58 b nN Wirvn >3XD D13, and in lectures. For this assertion we have not only the above-mentioned
:

testimony of Nathan ha-Babli, but also such Babylonian-

Hebrew passages

in
in

the Babyl.
niyu

Talmud
yiidmp

as the frequent

now
(R.

"P

mn

n*a
in

oa^

nnm,

Erub. 16 b

Nehardea), Shab. 63 b (R. Dimi, ibid.), Hullin 56a (Zei'ri, ibid.), Erub. 104 a, B. B. 127 a and Nidd. 68 a (Rabba in Mahoza) comp. Yeb. 108 b rm.T 3-1 nos*
;
:

Nahman

p
'13

on5 'd uaron n^

it^

*dv '-n

byD^

'">

now

'tt

ion

I^C.

However,
(nor
is it

this

word was preserved

in Syriac), like

later in

Babylonia

very frequent
official

many

another word,

only in the
T"tt

language.
in

signifies
',

She.

not

as

in
it

Yerushalmi

'

it

is

doubtful

but, as already mentioned,

riN

the copyists from f^D?

yw
:

D"i3,

was shortened by and this certainly is

|W3
;

good Babylonian, B. m. 101 a &}*b ny-ft pN IT; Naz. 19 a:

K3ns,
si?x

rm

ron* NT

ibid.

16 a

WWre

N^, the

frequent N^
-13

nanw

xi>;

Bek. 31a:

Kanora N"n

wfri 3-1

xrw
6.

rvb,

&c.
T"i3
.

iTDB>

ND^s*.

blessing precedes the answer to

the 'question': No. I: 3HH (F

worn
s2
,

-p-Q) n"3ipl rPDB>

^13

(F Hzbub)

^zh)
rvoy.

K*bi6

Km

ntyo

r ^y Nnreoi tcnnm tub

125,

biW nm
Oxf.

So
24

also Nos.
;-.,

64
;

and No.

MS.

d. 48, fol.

margin

abbreviated to ifDW T"13

n"3ipn Nos. 66, 92, 121, 145, 154, 165, 166, and 170; ed.

3IO
Wilna,
III,
in

THE JEWISH QUARTERLY REVIEW

226; Geonica, 381, and HG., ed. Berlin, 235

(wanting

our copy)

shortened to T"> 3
I,

>

Geonica, 364,
nn:e> -pa.).

368, 371 (rwab -pa);

-mm,

152 (=157
("p*
In
r.

277

(nw
with
'131

"pia), II, 69, line before last

fin), 101, 119,

141, 160, 174, 188, 222, 255,

and 275.

MS.
it

F, beginning

No. 6

up to 58 throughout:
or even

n"aip*7
is

rrt3B>

pn,

or

iTB>

pn,

pa.

Otherwise

missing alto-

gether.
'id

arm

n"aipn

ww

'wjamn; 58 a: ' 'o wn^n JNH1K arm

ma, comp. Ber. 54 b: Km -pa Nniai> am worn "pa; Shab. 88a: Tin

wum

but n"aip

is

frequent in Babli
:

also otherwise (comp. also the

n"aipi),

emp prayer
'id

rPti>

'id

"parp

Hebr. HG., ed.

is
is

B., 15:

-mat? n'apn
in

^
;

ib> "pan*.

This introduction
NS?N likewise
of fact
it

quite frequent

the later Midrashim.

not confined to Pal.

in
b.

Aram.

as a matter

is

found
ed.

Naz. 4a: vnptb

:

"iDC nat? "Bfbvb

and

in

Anan,

Hark, 22

Bl!?N,

JUS^N, pskb, epta

in

a question from Basra to R. Moses,

Gaon of

Sura, Geonica,
p^aan!
f|?\

2i4 6

\inayi>

mid

spta

and Yeb. 63 a: nsbo NDyo *po

in

spN was therefore current

7.

Babylonia alongside with

wronioa

Then
.

follows
. .

.-

m^i

Kv*an

un

id
(P2

(whereupon have p "won), 66, 92 (which

2 pan un, or ... pn), No. 64

and

tot F

in

and

is

found in NYn),

E (wfrn N^Dn pn p -my) and F (swan wn p lies wim wmjim), 121, 154 E ('id -p iiok), 165 ('id id 'd*n, E -HON), 166, 170 (E 110N), and thereupon the Derasha. Now Reifmann (TiK&n n^a, III, 28) made the most absurd
suggestion that
it is

a mistake for Yb*JJ

in the
it

N33"i rtB>

T ^y, 13

and

this

was incorporated
!

"15TIK, s. v.

sns, without the

least scruple
13

But, indeed,

is

the imper.
'1*

"WW

or "to*K

But 64 has indeed

W31

PHPB

i>JJ

anteceding!

POST-TALMUDIC-ARAMAIC LEXICOGRAPHY
'say'!
in in

EPSTEIN

3II

Babli NOW,

now (Aboda zarah 10 a:

105:
nyn
pya

Pal.

Aram. tick
in

("lie)

t6"vh 1DW); and "low (Dalman, Grammatik,

p.

246);

wi
u

'n,

ncs = now

of HG.,

ed. V.,

96d,

(see also

below sub

35), comp. TEW and

p.

Mand. "WON and TiON (Noldeke, Aland. Gram.,

It
is

242).

an exhortation to the interpreter,

N"Tios\

tUDJnWD,

standing near the learned lecturer, to begin the Derasha

(comp. Sanh.

et al.\

vcbn

Nrvono.
;

No. 64 follows a Baraita;

66

Bar.;

92 Zeb.

Bar.

166 Mekilta de R. Ism. (but cited here from

121

116 a);

Mishnah, 125 Mish., 154 Mish.,

;

165
(the

Mish.,

and 170 Mish.

is

HG.

Gittin,

ed. Berlin, 317

:

N^T NfMrlDa pni wanting in our copy) Mish. ibid., Kiddushin 340 (missing partly in our copy) pH Nrv:noa pftl Mish. ibid., Shebuot 499 (missing partly)
whole She.
;
;

ju^n Kironoa

pma
for

Mish.
this fact that

Ginzberg concludes from

is

here R37H NTVJno

that

employed

Mishnah and

Baraita,

the author

lived at that time in Palestine,

where everything was called

Nmno.

But also
She.,

in
4
,

Babli

RMTl
B.,
b,
is

(= KMfl
200

pi.,

written

iwi
is

No. 48

HG.,

ed.

pn, in Yer. pun)

b, B.

used for Baraitot, e.g. Ber. 8 Hul. 29

b,

Taan. 21

m.

,")9

b,

73 b,

where Rashi,

it

true, resorts
/.

sometimes
a)
;

to the explanation NJN "on (Taan.,

c.

Ket. 53

but on

the other hand

(e. g.

it is

evident that KJWI refers also to Mishnah

b,

Meg. 27

b, B.

m. 4

likewise the frequent NJ^n

14

and frequently pan i:m xrb KWH), "'OJ ps W, which is used even

Otherwise INT Tl
Tl construe

translates

NOW

by TIES,

28,

64,

&c.

The

W1
"ip"n

np)b

T10W, ("1 "HOW) niena mw=) "M3K; 6x:

130:
it

10W

as imp. also elsewhere; p. 44:

kb>u

nn

piow) mo
:

ins vpajn rrrnno;

"ION Dt^a "lat^a
"13
;

but

j"a w '"i poxn tiow=) "lONtr "iidk occurs also in the first pers., p. 93 nTTJlN DN

)b

6W

TlDWI 13.

See also below, sub 35.

312
for

THE JEWISH QUARTERLY REVIEW

Baraita,
e.g.

Ker.

22 a

'13
'13

tfjm KTai
Tp bv2
D^ya-is*

"BJ

px Eg

Furthermore Ber. 22 b: N"l3

'i3

(Tos. II

=)

i*n

Dnios anai noa io^n 'n nD

onnx^

^as* ix$&.

Entirely against Ginzberg's view speaks the word nwvjn,

which

is

likewise used for Baraita

for

(e. g.

B. m. 23 b).

Also
all

pmn
(She.,

and pn

Baraita has survived,

:

despite

the

corrections of the levelling revisers

prWHD, e.g. Ned. 55 a

'13

No. 121, has

16 a

w^n
:

instead

!),

Tern. 14 b:
;

<ODn bn

pn"on3 |ta pnwiDD, ibid., hand Kirano for Mishnah Tamid 28 a comp. B. m. 104 a:
!

'13

S5n

on the other

Nmnc "mn
where
Ber. 27 a
'13
:

'Oil.

Further, innumerable times pn for

possibly invoke
|K
corrections,

tfJlT,

we could not

e. g.

pm

&rb

wn

(= Mekilta

rfota),

Yoma

83 b

D'ftSWI D'O

pm

WTI, for

which Hul. 106 a: "JMO K3N *m

:

(see R. Isaiah Berlin,

Hul.

6 a,

14

a,

Tosafists

had

pm pm

m. 119 a niny >2i pnT where the editions have fcWTH, but the
loc), B.
;

ad

also Erub. 36 b,

Yoma

55

b,

and
e

Suk. 23 b according to Tos. and R. Han., ad loc, likewise Git. 28 a (25 a erroneously 6Wrn), B. k. 69 a, and Me ilah
22 a

further Hul. 14b, 15a, 31b, 58 a bis, 69

b,

a,

77

a,

138 a (see the marginal glosses), and even cnn pn 87 b (see Tos., s.v. pn !) and 120 a (see the

82a,

in

125

b,

marginal gloss)

all this in

one tractate

and many more.

:

15

Attention should also be called to Besah 16 b

'13
s

'13

"i"n

an

i>323

paw Dnxpa

tab

rM?

x"n rbvn dikto (paw

or\i*

=
is

nm^n
very

for

Baraita).

Similarly vice versa,

N^n
p.

for

pn
15a

frequent

(comp.

Ginzberg,

Geonica,

190,
8.

and

Aptowitzer,
15

MGWJ.,
m?nn3,
b.

1911, 637, and rT'am, 89, n.

Suk. 4
a, s. v.

Comp.

in addition Tos.
b, 5. v.

2,

ibid.,

18

a, s. v.

H311N3 pN,
also further

and Nid. 26
proofs

likewise Sepher Keritot.

in

[See

now

by R. Baruk

Samuel

R. Bezalel's "lIDPnn v?3,

Hoffmann.

Festschrift, p.
15a

216-17, No. 421.]

seine ijfberlieferung (in

[More detailed data on this theme, in my book Der Mischnatcxt nnd MS.)- See also Jahrbuch, XII, 121 below.]

POST-TALMUDIOARAMAIC LEXICOGRAPHY
For N^an wn, Hebr. tfoan up (125
(167),
'13

EPSTEIN
87),

313
us*
:

wnrn

comp. the beginning of the sixth chapter of

hb>, in
;

Abot

nxnsn pt^a D'oan

D^oan
UB>,

Trttm frequently njBraa D'oan

wn

Nnamna

&c.

similarly in the later

Midrashim.

N^an,
'is
'ia

in She.,

No. 66

anao^ tidk n"DB> too^an nosi

;

D^'aya p3yB> nniya n^n

n*3a?
is

likewise

HG.,

ed.

B. 38

KWil

wean

pnoSi

(in ed.

V. here:

pc-a,

no doubt,
She. have

as

the case frequently, from the She.).

-not*.
:

The

usually pan

After the Darasha

'13

B>"n panyip

ksSwi Krtaw

pjybl

Nos. 6 and 7) (Nos. 1, 64, 92, 154, 165, 166, 170, and MS. F, MS. F from Nos. 9-58 or merely Kntatf PJ&1 (No. 66 see the parallel above 57/ i. On tcntap piybl, throughout).
;

yB>

sn as
8.

in Babli.

KllOTD^.

As an

introduction to the closing sentence

of an argument the She.

~\b

employ K"lBn

in

the sense of
:

Tab

of the Baraitot

(e. g.

B. k. 23 a) or MO^K of the Babli

first

No. 10=37 ana

Nna^m

vmo'rb, 21 bis (for the

vn&xh

Ket. 68 a b*Op), 27 end, 51 2 end, 58 &j, 80, 88, 96 bis, 103, 10 Further, in the sense of noi^a (b-'TVS) 126, and 152 bis.

Nos.

14,

29

('ia

nb*3
H

nxbm
It

T&nty, and 95 (Npsoon nanb

is

NpDO

'piSDT

Nn

K&).

used frequently
'ia

in

Babli to

introduce a retort, a question:

TDttm
('13

'13

KlO^oij

(*3WD,

pnm), or in the sense of NO^,

Ber.

WW
!

'^no NO^ frequently)

13a

bis;

but in the same sense as She. Ned. 35a,

58

a,

Naz. 39 b, and Me'ilah 25 b "ion, "ID KD^, and the 9. 10

:

like.

"i

""lEN

in

the

Talmudic sense only, No. 35

'ia

WK

"va

'can

npvn

WW
JOT
;

npim

nyiDB> K*Tp*0

nD"XD

(this is

said at the beginning of the

'ia

No.); likewise HG., ed.V., 39 a above:

is

in Torn Dn&P

No. 32

'n payn sran b^ao, f has

'ia

wan jod^.

314
ibid.,

THE JEWISH QUARTERLY REVIEW

41 d:
'13

nyrX3B>

Dnan no nox
For
;

(P^a),

which was stated

previously

in

HG.

this

purpose the She. employ

stead

}JHDK xp "ICO (see below)

in

in its
'13

we
*31

find frequently
'13

the She. the expression

no \Kdb

no NO^ a6
:

and no with the third person of a verb

inst.

of the second

No.
'is
;

31,
68,

'13 'id

P"3c

nw ton no xo^

3i

48

1
,

rwiavran
II,

no wsb 16
:

poio bv2 no

xo^
;

^i

(=

nTttni

noxn dni
x^>

'id

poio

-byn

nonan sw)
118,
'13

86,

x^tn no
s

xo"6
'31

(F x^
corrupt
vb,
s

k^bhb xo^!);
No. 32,
'13

Dnn nosn x no xo*6

x^>

^
rr6

rrxn no no 'ash

(E n^ n^n no xo^

F nb
48
4
,

rvxn jxo

xo^
mro

vb)
;

33,

'13

rows no n^
n^ spy
r.

n/nso

xn

'13

no

'an

127, no

-3

70

(ed. Wil.,

71) end,

xop n^TJxno
(b.

rvb
:

nrno xp
r?an

"'xox,

with

and

RNZB.
"xox).

n^nx no

B. m., 43 a
B.,

ww x"nnx n^ na^no xp
is

Likewise HG., ed.

178 (where the whole

is

probably
:

derived from the She., but

missing in our copy)

XO"J X?

no

(ed. V.,

XO"n xb), ed. V.,

wholly to the She.) 12 c:

^o wn

Wlp (which no doubt belongs no xo^ xh (ed. B., 44,

no
kin,

'oxni
I,

it?) !)

comp. further Seder R.

Amram,

ed.

Frum-

84

'13

hm
:

XO^'2 no XO^

31

corrupt in Pardes,
;

ed. Const., 57
'i3

'13

^in3 rwn no xo^n

3i

Siddur Rashi, 3
"oi)

probably from the She. also HG., ed. V., 96 c: "XI 'ID no nox \N1 '13 no nox ( = Hal. Pes., ed. Schlossberg, 39: '13 noxn DX1
;

xo^3

xo^n

3i

n n3 nn^oo (no msb

nni

i3
'13

noxn

dxi)

17

and
-i3i

HG.,

ed.

V.,

130b (=

B.,

53J):

no nb sp
17

(not in b.

Hull. 55 b). 18

This expres-

Sherira

pny nye>, 94 a-b quotes

this as

'tni2D J33TI XB>1"VQ and

adds:
i-

\x-mD pnnn xotro inoxnx nm jwfcn nin nnD3 ^-o p^x mo^ns) mo^ro pin inhan finnstBa pnoi, comp. my remark,
S., IV, 435, n. 11,

JQR., N.
18

and above,
is

p. 302.

The halakah of mi;J

quoted

in the

name

of R. Ahai.

POST-TALMUDIC-ARAMAIC LEXICOGRAPHY
sion,

EPSTEIN
the
public,

315
is

which
in

in

the She.

is

addressed
as
I

to

preserved
'13

Babli, as far

know, only Xed. 71a:

"IO

"ION "N1 '13 "ID

TON

\X '*J

IHp

N^N. 18 *

IO.

pnDM

10*0,

p*1DK

NP

"10*0,

pm

TION

10*0.

In

connexion with an already mentioned halakah, to which

then a further query
use of

26

'ia

appended, the She. make pnoNp 10*0: No. 15 end: '13 inmp DN pnos "io*o p*a**noi p*nop no*o -px ona *dj <n (so E and RNZB.,
("J*1*

D"I3) is

F
'13

has ':noNp io*o

*03 *n)

ift&
*K.

'id

13

'noN Np io*o

54

2
:

pnON
:

10*0 1*1* 013 *3

4#

follows the second 10*0 -jnv

ma *D3 w, pneNi whereupon comes a whole She. somewhat abbreviated, it is true which is wanting in our copy, but is still
She.
'id

K3*m

'id

ropasn jkd *3n

preserved in
'1D

HG.

in its greater part; in

100

10*0

"]*>

013

Nl*a

pai iiON (stated previously

'id 19

the She.), and 129

and

b)2pb *iidn

pm mox
'-ix

nc*o 1*1*

ma

(in

the She.

above).
'-ien
'id

Further Gconica, 371 (corresponds to Xo. 96):

'n

Np no*o 'rb

ma

380

up io*o nx
3**n*oi

i*i*i

did

tdsh pnoN; 381:

n&'on

ww bwk

p*nos np io*o

'ID

HG., ed. V., 31 b (= B.. 156), in accordance with which the She. Geonica is to be corrected and completed 20 (which Ginzberg failed to see); Hebr. in She., No. 146: 'id D*JB> WTDN nn 21 (the whole number is extremely abbreis

viated, but
18a

preserved to a great extent in

is

HG. and

Hal.

On
No.

the other hand there of

found

in Babli

n~ION Suk. 38 a and Naz.

60

a, inst.
19

10 E

"I'ON.

137

has:

'13

*^J

p3"l

110N X"3 *03

*N,

*1*DN

.,

F:

'ID
20

*ba

pn

TM3K -jny DID, "VDN

(stated in the She. above).

p.

380,

after

DniDDH Din
I.e.,

113*3

1^3N p*TOK
JN7D1

*0, a lacuna;

whereupon supply from HG.,

'ID

as follows:

p*"10N

DID 3*T10 [Dniaan

21

01*3 b*3tn, ed. B. 156 has here:

Np 10*0

"10*0]

'03

'N

P*tok Np.
13-IOR8? *-in, also in

"WWII,

I,

35

1.310N nil,

II,

113

She. No. 85.

316

THE JEWISH QUARTERLY REVIEW

21b
).

Pes. fragment

Again,

in the

She. extant in the

HG.

HG.,ed.V., 37 b(=ed. B., 187): 'id \y-\mp io'o rwpm pajfo (almost the whole of 31B DV 'n certainly from She.) V., 57 b
;

(=B., 275):
'id 'ID

'id

San
57 d
:

wn
'id

pnoN

np

-wd

oSa (B.

"p* Din
(B.,

-itf)

z'&V/.,

rvJi^Ni pnENJTnovD 012

;

277

ne

'"IV

D12), all
'id

from a missing She.

1133 'n, V.,

123 d
She.,

(B.,

479)
56).

npvw\ ^dsd

(pnDM

Np)

pnoNp ioto (=

No.

In Babli noN

"i* is

quite frequent.

an allusion to something already mentioned the She. employ often the term ^np (inst. of "itt ION
11. 'onp.

As
:

of the Babli)
'id

No.

58,

'ID

nWDB

JH

^n p

74,

tflp

riN

(likewise E, but

erroneously nrp ^np).

However,
a, 7 b,

this is the case already in Babli,

comp. Me'ilah 2
(I.e.,

8 a,

12b,

13a, to which Rabbinowicz

235)

has called

attention.
13. ""jniVK.
'

In Babli
'

is

used both
'

in the sense of

being asked

',

properly

being sought
D"iD

(comp.

m?n

ntPpSTti),

'being needed' (comp. yiX

in

above), and
:

in that

of 'be
Jn
(is

need

of,

have to

'.

(are asked, are needed);

However, B. b., 58 b p3D lyano Ned. 50b: rvb ^jEno NED "NO
(in

necessary to him)
it

Suk. 53 a

the

mouth
is

of R. Johanan,
;

is

true)

^jnncn IDN^ (whither he

(in

to go)
:

Sanh. 98

a,

MS. Karlsruhe
(perhaps
it I

Margolis, Gratnmatik)
for)
;

wyano Kb^l
tyDno N7I (and

am

asked
for),

Moed

k.

28 a
;

is

not asked

antonym
N^i

nDntr nb\
'

in

Yerushalmi
',

it

occurs frequently in the sense of

being searched
in

e. g.

Erub.

I,

19 a:

'ran^N
of,

'yno nyarrx, likewise

the sense
Mat.
'

of 'be in need

have

to', e.g.

A.

z., I.

39 b: np'V

otFo
'

The
b

She. employ predominantly in the sense of

~b)
:

have to

(with
21

'yan (tyaiVD), so ed. V., Nos.

1,
I.

3 (here

and

[See

now

J.

N. Epstein

in the

Jahrbuch

d. J.

Gesellschaft, Ffm.,

XII

(1918), p. 123.]

POST-TALMUDIC-ARAMAIC LEXICOGRAPHY
"y:rn, yno),
d. 48, fol.

EPSTEIN
in

317

4 (F ^TD),
r.,

8 thrice (likewise

and MS. Oxford

the
first

24

on the other hand

and

last),
s'&tf.

15, 16 (E <yTC), 18 (F ^yno), ibid, end, 19 beg. (F "V21),

(E nn^l), 21

bis

(F TOD, the
31 once

first

time also

E E

TOty,

22 thrice (F TOOs (F
*ya),

'jao),

^yarvts

(twice "TOD), 32

34
22

(F,

*y3,

beside ^yn

(F and

^ynnD)

*yro) tod), 36 and TOD, 41 (F TOD), 541 *w

'yarviD

(F and

(the second time

ya),

101 (F
bis,

F ya<D), 58, 63 thrice, beside jnD, 89 (F tom), in itpea nwh ^jnrrs (E 'yaw, F jj)j
bis,
:

130

147

161,
ant

sense No. 79

in the proper and Geonica, 373 n Ed. V. and the older MSS. *yarWD.
;

(Genizah, Oxford Fragment) have therefore mostly JOTMD,

by the
in ed.

side of the rarer

TOD

(Nos. 31, 36, 63).

1
,

TY>h

TOD

V.

still

in

Nos.

2, 28,

45, 51

73, 132, 136,

in

many

of which, as

most of the cases

and F, are
put

and 167, to be
the

ascribed to the haste of the copyists

who

down
is

form more familiar to them.

in

Similarly 'ysiTD
23
;

frequent

HG.,

e.g.

ed. V., 5

bis

likewise

Jehudai Gaon
In
3,

Responsa, ed. Lyck, No. 45, frequently qOTD &6. Anan, *jnn, Hark. 113, No. 47 four times, Schechter
3i*
325>
527>

beside ya, Hark. 7

1. 1.,

bis,

and Kyn, Hark.

No. 26 s

81

bis,

Sch. 5

I5 13(

1G)

28 10)
is

22

1.

1.

13.

NTH 'which'

(fern.),

frequent in She.

22

^31, also No. 20

jrya, No. 35.

:

HG.,
Jlo

Instead of Ned. 8 b (Ar. and RN.)

ed. V., 75 c
:

XTP3 ntP'ob ^S1 N^ we

a
variant,

find in

^y5JTD fcO, no doubt only a paraphrase of the Syr.

to',

'be

proper,

have

and

not

comp.

Rabbinovvitcz,

24

For

this in the parallel 161

1
:

irVWD

TI, but alongside

with

it

RTil.

Also No. 26

Spy
142:

irVJMD n, likewise 64, but for this in the parallel 122

Srn. No. r. xth.

fa^me \n*yo

r;

Gwmww, 353:

pn**]3

K3n,

318
28
:

THE JEWISH QUARTERLY REVIEW

rb nypSD trfrb
>

p DX
x

(E,

F and
>

ed. 'Arak. 15

WVD

n),
;

8 34, 53> 683 77> 3 ^"'

* 35 end and l6z ( on the side of n ) f pv7 which' (masc), She., No. 145: pTCJ 8W WD ?^ T ^1 '13 KOT (r. pTO) HG, ed. V., 47 b: XD>: TO. The Babli
;

has
fern.,

(Krr)

instead,

the Yerushalmi, however, has

KTO

pTil masc. throughout.

Basing himself on

this fact

Ginsberg again concluded that Palestine was the birthplace

of the She.

But NTfi
:

(Hn)

/^n

is

good Babylonian

as

proved by the following

rb 'an

Geonica, 390, from

ed.

HG.

xn pnoxi
;

(HG., ed. V., 6 c ni3X3 '13 XIDD 31 1DK Berakot,

:

xp xrnx

pyDtr 'n

V., 69 c hvin)

HG.
:

HTO
ibid.,
;

NS^DN

KD^K *Tn
any
; ;

b.

Ket. 28b.: jovix

., 70 b 5 nib: WU*K1
178
:

vrona xi >n

ed. B.,

454: x"rn,

r.

xth

ibid.,

xmi

penis nv3 Tva

p.

277

XM xmi XTn
b, JH \1
:

R. Saadya, Responsa, ed. Hark., No. 555, and the masc. X^H D1B>D

ww

W
b,
;

and

fern, is

found already
;

in b,
a,

Ker. 3

pTn

Ned. 26

Men. 109

pn

(r.

pTn, ed.
a
:

*n 4 a, Ven. 1529
;

and 1548
nvi"

p M),
vbi
'13

comp. p*K, Tamid 32

Zeb. 69 a

MSS.
xn

xayT

ow nw

(MS.

xmn
of

vr,

1.

n).

Syr. P?K,

XTX; Neo-Syr. XT/n. Here belong also the forms pta

of maw*,
:

(inst.

W) and
like

fia'N

(inst.

lna^-a),

pin and Kin, which are very numerous

:

in

the She.

pfcn,

No. 22

^D
95

ptfm (E and
ntyDn

Fd. WD);
rrka
;

73 F: 85
k*-d

pansn
|"6n

nt^Dn

p^m;
r#rn
;

76 F:

pbro

xmiyo

^33

en

p^no xtn B^np

147

\brb\ and alongside with it W, e.g. 103: 25 D'anp; 137: nnyp w, and constantly ^D WI.

nyac?

W71

Likewise
47, 48, 51,

Anan, Hark., 28 2

>^D piro;
'13

45:
T>H
>3

,3ND
'13

pfojw
fbn t>

56 , 94, 95, 96, 100:

28

pDXl; 103
vpwd vn

But No. 168 lfUy

WI, F
mi

and E correct

"inyj Til.

No. 88 beginning:
only

'i3

jama pine

"in^ro

pw

lrrwo m,

pm3

D'XDD, F only J3m3 pXDD

1Ftia Til,

as No. 95 and others.

POST-TALMUDIC-ARAMAIC LEXICOGRAPHY
below, 104; Sch. 3 25
:

EPSTEIN
'i>
'd:

319

itbp'o

ndnh

"]br\

Kin

pbm

35

alongside with the constantly used

(Hark., 5, 89, &c.)

^o
"]bn
-jS~t
;

"0m,

and

"pn,
in

IN'Jn

by the
"Ia
1

side

of

(frequent
also used

Anan, see above, pointed

the Geonim, see
She.,
'13

Hark., 58

by

my

Rechtsgutachten, &c., p. 248).

'ia
'ia

"pn in

No. 34

^nns* nan bas

'ia
:

*m
n^

3n

xb
:

39
'id
'?

dj

"pr6 i^sk
2e

Ni>H in

(F

"prtfc

51

nB "jam;

68

KBUTD

13.11;

86:

ynr\b

i^bm)

"pm

88: -pm

onsv; 103: nntre "pm

nonm wi;

7 135: m "jarn* (F*irn).

z'//z,

Mand. pbwi
Gram.,
p.

At,

by the

side of l*3Kn

Noldeke, Maud.

54.

In the Babyl. tractates

as
it

Nedarim, Nazir,
well

28 Temurah, Me'ilah, and Keritot,

is

occurs likewise by the side of

are undoubtedly Babylonian,
in

^D

Wl and
is

"pn, all of

known, ]^r\ which

prx

even more frequent

15 (p'K), 16, 17, 32
s

She.

six

times! 34,

No. 14 (on the side of

35,

VU*J),
foj,

43 end, 47

64

(citation),

74

bis,

77, 79, 86, 89 bis, 95 thrice, 103 bis, 147 for,

and even more

it

numerous

in

the manuscripts.

Alongside with

is

in;\\\

e.g. 2, 51-, 104, 114,

No.
ibid.,

11,

4 ^6 beg., 66

and vwa, e.g. 14, 88, and 108. \nn, 74, and 126, alongside with \xn,
,

&c.
,

nth, No. 30:

for,

Nn^o xnn

(49

and 131

anb'72 Nrn),

1 and 121 79, 68

1 alongside with Nn, e.g. 47 (see also

above).
tractates
26

But
2
'

all this is

known
in

to occur in the

above-named
pA\\ with
1

and
'

likewise

Anan throughout:
:

"13,

TKn that in She. No. 50 rrb pnn NpT -pKH yT N^H 76: "itMon n la -ibjo s6n "pKno, 137: ditto "pan,
'

J^N

&c

Anan,

ed.

Hark.,

13:

13
*'6/.,
,

"KH
No.
:

PjS
ir the

'13

"p^n HO, 31-2

the same,

83 pointed
27

I^XH HO,

same, 84-5 the same, 48 "JKiTl

XiJNO; ed. Schechter, 8 ai

I7 10 "pKn. Gaonic also "pN (Bab. "p^N), see Aptowitzer

in

JQR.

for 1913, p. 40.

28

Besides also B. mez. 90 a: la

mn
:

pS"I

^WOBH
(

ITON^ .T^ tn^JH.

118
b),

29

pr

also elsewhere in b. Ber. 31 b

p^N* JKD1

= Shab.

50 a

320
in^K once,
e.g. 30 a,
14.

THE JEWISH QUARTERLY REVIEW

Anan
vb,

ed. Sch.,

a6 22

[WN also frequent

e. g.

in

HG.,

and with the Geonim,

rVK

Geonica, 2I4 9

WK
for

t6

= Ma4
tib

nn.
for

The
No.

She.
10,

employ
ed.

WK

ab

K3n and

PPK

rvi>:

V.

niny sa'K

win

a"y, KTtiaD
d.

MyM

Kin (on the contrary, #s&,

;

ixsb HOVT\ t

but Oxf.
k3^k
:

63 has also here K3*k tb, see below)

16:

naina
;

Ki>

xni

(E naina rwnaic
!

xi>,

KTria

Ki>

ptaina)
'13

96

jtk

Kin jva (F rvtn pa

E
in

ratw

mn
yn
;

|ta

mc).
:

Further, No. 17,

E
68

and F; nhs6
3

nWK
'13

vbn K3*n
"
>

24

F mure
(inst.

wk

n^

k3>k

ib)

xan

of

Kan Kan tm of the

ed.,

E anp

K3*K

n)

170

mm
fol.

nay
v.

jnriD

wk

N*i>

i>3K

MS. Oxford (Fragm.)

d. 48,

23

(No. 6 end)
r. is

DyTD

K3"K K^ (the respective passage

above 23 d. 63 has K3>K

'ia
'13

not legible).
Ki>

Similarly the old fragm. Oxf.

:

throughout
;

fol.

55
:

r.

(No. 32)

HMN
jvk

prrn

s^K
bwk
Pin

K3*k K3^k

vbi
k^
;

56

r.

(No. 34)

Dnaip
K^>

Pin

ibl

w
;

XppDyo)n Ka^K

1K1

(yet

jk^

i>3K

'13

nb

'anon

other evident cases of K3'K vb in this

No. are
K3'K
K'i"

illegible)

100
;

r.

(No. 10)
v.
:

Pliny K3'K

Kin

3J bv IK,

Tina

riK

ico

kpusd K3"K
"iv

kH

(as in ed. V.,

see above);

10 1

v.

(No. 97); 3K
:

K3'K
:

Kin kskpi bin.

tirfbvb frrPK pa

Also
ppivn
'13

in
Ki>

Gaonic literature
pai

HG.,
B.,

ed.

V.,4 d
kpi

mia'xn

ed.

360: k^

pwya
:

win
Whb
(Ket.

'rayra

PWya

PPIVK
nriJJ

(ed. V.,

90 d

like B. k.

105 a

Kn)

Responsa
iron*i>)
;

mon, No. 62:

'13

tfpwjo
trn'rai*

irons* Ki>

55 a

Responsa, and Geonica, 5$ JVK Kin Lyck, No. 62 PPK K^ [R. Samuel b. Hofni cited in nianifc'Pi "ibd (ed. Friedlander in Hoffmann, Festschrift, Hebr. division, p. 90) from Git.
:

*W.

|uwm
:

Ki>i

'ia

ji

rvx k^

ed.

POST-TALMUDIC-ARAMAIC LEXICOGRAPHY

EPSTEIN
\S2;

321

14a:
"lONp.
iT^
II,

'ON

The

Np nU3 NITN N^H

inf.

N1H

N3*D, edition:
parallel

N2^H

N^O
a,

is

a splendid

to N?

nWO
N7,

ns^N
454].

Git.

62

comp. Fleischer in Levy's Worterbuch,

In

Anan

it

should be added here

,

N^N
9 21f

rVN N^ throughout:
j

ed. Sch. 9 20

I4 3 to, 23 28
R$>);

ed. Hark.,
,

4,

21 to, 62, 115 to, 171

l

(M>N
5,

Sch. 6 31

23)

25i

Hw.u,
119,

55

*3i,

3,

Hark.,

18,
is

20, 41, 67, 107, 108, 116,

and 171 (JVN N^). BA. VTN ah (Dan. 2.

Mak.,
but
it

This
10,

probably the older form,

VrtlWC

11)

(z'to/.

11),

Pal.

I,

31 a: TVN

N^>

DV CE^t?

yn

(Shebi.

also occurs in Babii (alongside with the

39c: ""TVN ab), more frequent

:

abbreviated

form

TV>b

and

N3"b)

(on the side of nb, often);

Ker. 5 a:
30

Nazir 38 b nWK vb"\ mrVN N^ (but 10 a

mn^)
of

Meilah
ibid,

2 a, b, 5 b,

7 a,

12 a: rVN vb,
tib
;

by the

side

D^

and 9b;
a)
:

19 a:

n^n

Midr. ha-Gadol, 52
{ibid.
r\T\b)
;

(from Sanh. 97

NOirip N3^N
*ffiIVN

vb bis
B.,

Targ.

Onk. Num.

24,

17

N^l

Cod.

R.,

W.,

for mrvh,
0/. V.,

variant in Cod. 7 (Berliner, Targ. Onk., p. 47, see also

143)
inst.
;

Onk. Gen.
;

of \Tirvn

30, 32 Cod. Angel, has variant vnrVN Nm Gen. 7. 3, 8 we have for wirrVt the mpioy
:

(tlQg, a reading from Irak)

p.
23),

nvi

N*m (Berliner, Jlfassora,

N7"i.
!

for

which Berliner rightly suggests ^[iJVN]

This would then be a form from the dialect of Irak

also above, introduction, p. 304.
15. by instead of N.

see

The N

constituting an abbreviation
in Babli,

from
in

by, 7N,

which
;

is

very frequent

does not occur

Anan
No.

at all 6

in

She.

we note
d.

a great tendency towards

by

by.

MS. Oxf.
d.

48:
*u by

hnod nora

mm

(?Dy)TO;
ed. V.:

No. 10 Oxf.
30

63

hno

mm

ditto

No. 37,

5b: JUIVN N*m pblDD '13 D^ljn flJTVN t&, fWJVX in Anan,

WWl

NOD, 7a: cpCI

pJrTN, 106.

TON
Z

NH1

ed. Hark., 48,

VOL.

XII.

322
'in
is

THE JEWISH QUARTERLY REVIEW

by

mm

HO; No. 35
byi)
;

'id

ndm
DN

by

F: (F V3N DN
ppiy by

MK

DN1 ION

mm "to 97 by mm 'TO;
;

E
57

and

mm
;

"to

No.

nE:
wba
:

mn Nin
by

by n"b

nw
tfbl
;

(ed. jona, d.

annb);

33 F:

mwj
63

Tpao Npn
pnbtt
n"b

(ed.

"inbiriN,

63
:

illegible)
"13

ibid. d.

n*D3*J

by

TpS

No. 24
:

nbsp by
n"b)
;

paoD
68
:

43

tb by "m

aw
;

xpn (below
:

o-pio

wbn

vnrv byn (F jnron)

;

96

van by N-iopm

kw*3 (E,

tnnx)

ibid.

vmo

by n"b srao (E,

"Ni (ed.

"3K)

tf&L F: ibDS
see below)
;

Nano
101
:

n* by |ti*a&&M

and Geonica

WN,

mp
;

by b"non nan (F rmpK)i by b"no xp

won mp
xro
by

(F nnp"N)
137 F:

107: tains by iwni;

'13

99 F: "piDsb

wo;

nvrrp
by

'on no by (ed.
(ed.

and

Nobx, 'ob); 141 F:

now

rwinw

now, E
(E

noun);

and 152 ed. and F: niB^K by mnjn

This by
is

awn

mw).
tractates
it

frequent also in the

above-named

of the Babli: Ned. 14 b: Kyis* by (preceding

NyiNN, but
by)
;

MS.
by

M., R. N., Nachmanides and Asher

Njnx

ibid.

mnm
;

beside - mnjn

17 b:
:

Man

by D"a:y by; 23 a: by
:

n^nyn beside

mnjHK
:

25 a

xnyn by beside KnjnK

(Kid. 36 b and
;

70 a

by

JWD3

Naz. 24 b

"pyna by

else

TyTJN)

beside often "K ("non, X2"bx, KPntc, &c.)

Ker. 9 a:

SOW
by

sin by nb "jnon

likewise

22 a:
trot,

van >y

'12

ews

14 a:

norns xnn (alongside with

15b); 12 b: by no&n a*N

;

(KB*DK=)

NS"D,

beside BO^M, #/.

'ia

26 b: son pin by ixb

Nin
byi
;

TiNp Non pin byi

"nxp; 27 a:

mos
(=

and 27 b:
the

vwp

"nt dpk by

**n db>n

twp

"k

db>nn).
is

16.

DyTO,

WO.

In Babli the shorter form "TO

rare (see
in
/.

most generally employed, while DyTO is III, 31 b) especially numerous is DyTO

;

Levy,

the tractates
c).

Ned., Naz., &c. (see Rabbinowicz, D"bcTV,

In She.,

POST-TALMUDIC-ARAMAIC LEXICOGRAPHY
as in

EPSTEIN
is

323
:

Gaonic literature generally, DjTPD

predominant

She., Nos. 6, 11, 17, 21 bis (F has

1 2

TO

in the

second passage),

however

55 Dyma (= 5$ TO), 47 beg., To, Nos. 2, 6 (also TD K3^, but thereupon 10 ho = 37, but Oxf. d. 63 here: DyTO DyTO wb),

and abundantly elsewhere;

mm

mm

(see above), 35 end, 50, 58, in, 113, 162; H*o also 20 and 70 bis. In the Gaonic literature mention must e.g. be made here of 0}>T, so pointed Geonica, 182 >yTO ibid.,
;

mm

172; and the

pi. *?.T9j

*JKTB, from a sing. NTO, Responsa,

'

ed. Hark., 190 (see

Gesellschaft,
*3> 3
1
,

my

Nachlese'
In

in

Jahrbuch
is

d. jild. lit.

X, 373).
>

Anan
>

"PD
5

frequent, Hark. 3,
12 ,

34, 35, 3 6
1.

49P assim 55,

more
In Babli

Sch. 4 10>
18,

5 21)

23j 27
1.

8 14

11
17.

1.,

i2 5

rarely DyTO, Hark.

Sch. 14

1.

JD3,

jrVO.

we meet

in

the
inf.

perf., part.,

and
:

imper. forms of
aire, KarT'O,

an"

in
;

the imperf. and

also of an"
:
:

forms of aru*
impf. of
}J1J

and a*m
:

inf.

arro

in

isolated forms only

: ;

Ned. 55 a }Wlvl, Gittin 56b and B. m. 51 a jnx very rare is an inf. of fro TV? jTVO? Sanh. 113 a [R. Samuel b. Hofni in nianv^n "I3D (in Hoffmann, Fest:

schrift,

Hebr.

10b

rvb irVOl

from B. m. 32 a: 'pISN Dnn 10? SWOO, edition however: wrb aTHOl r. with
div., p. 89) cites
;

MS. M.
in ed.].
Ill,

arvoi

Pes. 12 a

and b MS. M.

pn

inst.

of

OTWl
Pes.

In Yerushalmi, however, JIVO

a,

is

frequent,

e. g.

30

&c,
11

She., like
JD3
;

Anan and
21

the Geonim,
inf.

employ exNo. 4
jjvoi
:

clusively forms of

in

the impf. and

:

She.,
;

mb

jirob
:

nb

jnob
'ia

nb jn""^, r6 jrpoi
jrvoi>
:

39
;

mb

ift&

m$>

jram

mm

npnx mb

(F irn

mm)

40: jrvob
"S>

m!?; 41 (citation

from Kid. 70a)

2
:

-j!>

ami

'id

KTJ'a

ian,

E
2
:

rightly
rvb

"/?

jHsi

(F wanting, edition of Babli 3W1);

rraiK
;

44

pan^i,

mb
mb

45

mb vuwvok; 56: n^
:

|rpo$>j

63:

pri

iND^ fiVDi
;

tfitf.

end

p"an 'ia jrvo^

:

yan 'd Nrfon jrpob

;rvo^ Nrotin

112

F and RNZB. Know

]r\"D7

117

Z 2

324

THE JEWISH QUARTERLY REVIEW

132:
'13

rwpTia \rpzb;

^bb jrvm
:

'id

vmb
;

jrrai;

ibid,

below:

\nh
147
:

jlVDl
'13

'13

jn^,
frcj

further
p"N

vih
'la
:

jurvh
N^n

139 end: fry^

;

r\h |urvi>;

yd>

w
;

pnb

151
;

|rpi

D^nab

157

nn3N

jn^

168

Hpwb xnsn
:

five
'13

Geonica,

360

(in

the Derasha to No. 43)

;

rp"nr6 frVE^
in
rrb

rm3r6 frr^

(paraphrase of B. m. 69 b)

and
}rvi>

my
rvh,

Vienna fragment
v.,
I.

{JQR., 1914, 420)

Exactly so
in

r.

1.

19
:

4: mr

}dni.
fJT'D^
,

Anan

Sch. 3 7 rronv^>,
,

8( 9 I

prnb, 4 10
2 4.

12

runns,

1.

1.

?n- s

ia1>4>9

137.

45

>

5.o,i3,i6,

l6 i 5

iJVoi*,

I5 n

|rv),

i6 17 jnW.
jivi>

Also frequent

in

HG.,e.g. ed.

V.,

5b

below:

'13

!>xncs

in? rr6 tdni.

In the She. only or6,

18. nrb, Knb instead of KDfU.

Kr6:

No. 73:
Nonb
31
;

lnworfca,

nr6

WitH
'13

90: Nnb but E:

b^b

w
vem
;

77:

KDn$>,
po,
z'foV/.

Dr6

passim,

below:
in

ym

ndtu^
s

bns,

aiDnbb,

similarly quoted

HG.,
xvrb
first

ed. V.

9a: np6 byvb

a!),

*]DKpi

^o
107
yj

yn

$\

bis

(=Ber., 4ab-43

F and E

have here

S'roro

in

the

place, in the second also

N&n?
irk

F (= HG.,
nj^ sh
;

ed. V.,

30

b, ed.

B.,

146!):

'13

Ncnb

^3N

in

HG.,

ed. V.,

9c (from She., No. 90!) Nr6 bis;

in

orb, KDr6 very

thrice (= She. 77), nvxn Nonb, Erubin 21c, 29 d (from She., No. 74
32

HG., frequent above, 7 b above

In

also otherwise:

ed. V.,

6c below, 7a iob$/> (PDS), to c

F, see
18,

below).

Anan

Dn^>,

work throughout (Hark.

47;

31 = HG., 30c. For this NJHNT KDr6, in Ber. 38 a ('Aruk, HG., b above, and R. Hai Gaon in RSBA., ad loc): NJ?~IX1 N313, in INTH, 16: 7

yp"lp

DD; N313

is

Syr.
[3*SK

WG
:

'

cake

',

as rightly in Levy, II, 303 b.

iWrf.,
1

Anan,
*in3
;

ed. Sch.

nn

7\b

5t3 pD31,
"jy3

1.

15:

^3,

21

Nb"l3

(annulled).
'jn

To

Ber. 42 a 'Ar.

'S' ")

"ID'Hri the

'Aruk has

s.v. "]i?3

'n
in

rvmx

\\vbi

py^3D
s. v.

ra-in

a
is

yjjn

Kim 53 nnx ibd.

Low,
32

Krauss, Lehnivorter,

N313,

therefore to be corrected.

Against Albeck,

^D^NH

'D,

p. 55, n. 19.

POST-TALMUDIC-ARAMAIC LEXICOGRAPHY
Sch. I4 27 , 15,, io 5
1.

EPSTEIN
7

325

1.,

ii 26_28).
J

Thus the

was

not, at
dialect,

that time, transformed into

as appears also in

in

that Babylonian

written,

Mandaic NONn7, ttizrb, likewise in Huzv. lahma (1*4!), and was pronounced nan (Ouatiemere,

Journal
Babyl.
written

Mars 1H35, The n, Talmud.

asiat.,
so,

p.

256)

against KEfU
despite
like
n,
its

of the

however,

being

was probably pronounced

also
in

as

many
But
above),

another n in Babli (see Noldeke, JMand. Gram.,

VSCxh

p. 59).

occurs

Babli

Ber.

42 b-43 a

(see

and Ned. 49 b passim. 33 son?, as it were, was completely forced out from the Babli by the more
Taan. 25 a
bis,

frequent NOilJ

however, not

all its

traces could be effaced.

in

On

vacillations

between

and

the

Babylonian see

above, sub 13.

19.

KOK, WMVK,

KDWK.

Already

in

the Babli forms of

the abbreviated non

impf.,

(for "ion) are

imper., and

part,

employed usually in the combined with NJ (n:n), as NO^N,

Ithp. see below).
in

KBn, no^7, KMDN, &c.

(on the
is

But

in

Anan
(see

the short form non*

used also
24

the perf. throughout

is

above on Anan, sub

i7).

This

the case also in

She. in the old fragment, Cod. Oxf. d.

throughout

fol.

55

r.

(No. $^)

2"\

63 (see above), SON NT? [^1 'OKI] 36

;

55 v.: 7K10P NONT, N3N1 NON1 $?OB> non 3-1 Son 56 r. '13 xon an now
;
:

Nfl
,

ibid.

(No. 34):
73 o[3i]

Son

tnw
^7nn

7NiOB>

m;

56
H7

z;.

(No. 35):
"13
;

pirn
(No.

o*i nont,
2)
:

nn noni
yB>

7N10C NON 10^3N

99

r.

N3tn NONH

ND

(No. 3):
73H
33

NON pOI,

-ITV7N

[<3-|]
s

N0N1

997'.
73
A.

(No. 4):
,

-|ry7S* 3"1

NONT, TW)bv KITUM 31 NON,

b, Alfasi

'l3
in

[3W m N0N1
z.

Sanh. 100

has N0H3, comp. Rabb.

/.

35

b,

Geonica,

26, &c. in Rabb., has

34

KDfU, see Albeck,

27;
in

r.

Once

HON,
in

Hark.,

the

part.

tg-.,

Hark.,

13:

fNOl

no^o NON"l.
35
I

supply

accordance with ed. Venice.

326

THE JEWISH QUARTERLY REVIEW

ai n?;n;

pnr
n*5n
on
jt>

100
'd,

r.

(No. 10):
[no!?,

n*?:n

mi

kb> Nass id
I'la

ni
nok

pnv

a-i

?W.
rth

nen
'id

fe

jam

3n n^ won
'13

n^ nen '
nck;
100

non,

xcn

p ina

3N

^'.:

\:nv *ai

ndn

'id

NONi [nn]ry [p n]yi>N 'aia, paxi ktik nek (No. 12) 36 taw ndn an ken
; :

mw
;

101

r.

(No. 96)

nv6l n^

SON*,

naiHO ID nbn'id

(No. 97):
rrnrr

win an mdm, sen rrynx 'ID NK ffN KD; IOI z/.

'id

3i,
:

jw an xln,

ken

di

pro an,

'id

KDK N[3HD an], JJ31N D1 KEN, KDK pa nb ken 'id ax n^ kek. The Geonim
:

likewise,
rvh

Gconica, 80 below

K3N1 KEK

37

and even NDN

in

il^ES (see on Anan,

nianiB>n

.ra 17).

[Now
b.

addition in

the

isd

of

R.
p.
:

Samuel
86 T
:

Hofni,

Hoffmann
rbtott

Festschrift,
12,
P*
145
-113

Hebr.
p.

div.,

Knj>DS}>

anb
38
:

Kp,

1.

14:
"9oo,
i4c ] ttb

rv6N,
91,

Sy u
114,

vdm
117

= inb
:

nK,

iT^EN,
132,

also
143,
:

92,

95,

116,

V112

'^tyi

P*

9J25,
fflplDS

EsJikol ha-Kofer,

No. 139
,,

from
i?.

nwn

"Dm NnjTPK NENn

,,

J K;

.Safer
VS.

Amram,
inst.

ed.

Frumkin, I, KDM (= iek

She.,
'id

376: anw HEN KDX

part.), therefore

Also NCK
like KX,
'id

of

something
'id

KOK

37

*?
"

No.

48,

ed.
'in

V.

'dK \xi

n^ XE^N
;

t^

sow

;
>

No. 72:

*e:

y"n

^ kew

HG.,
:

ed.

B.,
;

159:

\n

neb> rpaa jq

new

(ed. V., 31 d
:

* nDn)

and
!

T^CN K3K1 (see on Anan, /. c.) and ne^e (= nE^E) She. fragm., Geonica, ID") Nin NnaB'l 55 . Likewise in 357c> S^s** "; No I E the name of the Amora ID" No. 92, ed. V., nEK ne" an
Gconica, I03 12

even

^n^,

Then NO" (=

"

(likewise E, but
tfobtf
36 37

F
;

has ID")
in
is

No. 170
B.,

E
:

(F wanting):

id so" Di z>
in

HG., ed.

350

fnta KE"

|K

Also

E and F
B.,

No. 12

found between 10 and

r.

HG.,
6/5

ed.

32:

inb

MBK1,

KCN1

but

n, before 11. K2EN here

=S,

p.

92

37 a

and 159. See below, sub 87

(a).

POST-TALMUDIC-ARAMAIC LEXICOGRAPHY
378:
.ijuik

EPSTEIN
ed.
B.,

327
131

n'3

mm

nd"

vo

xd>d

HG.,

on

rvi?

ki^di.

In the Ithp. xorvx and KOTPK

the
20:
-uon
*a

latter, as

is

well

known,
buch)

already in the Babli,

misunderstood

She.,
138:
-q

but (except Dalman, Worter-

No.
'is

12K MDWtfl
win
3-,

^"n

win

(=

-icjvtn)

Kim

mdwm

(=non*w)j

141:

'i^

nan

nsx

Nenw
'on

(F 'onw,

norwi);
;

No. 24:
:

imT
an

an 'orrsi "as -ids

'dttoci

(= No. 68:
(68

kdwki)
NEn>Nl)
;

s#&/.

rnirp

wna an

and 92
68
4

55

SDS 31 NOJVKl W^3-| ION (=

KDWW) =

nsd

3-1

'cjvxi

wan
3"i

'ont
'DJVNl

58

pru 3i
'"13

'tan'Ki

nww

an tinn

and 170: no"

191
:

^JUMP

N3n 'OK; HG., ed.

B., 463,

B.,
;

Nnx 31
also

KIDrVNl

3N n^y xSfh\ HG.,

d.

KDn*Kl

comp.
this

MS.

Oxf.
1.

48 (2760)

fol.

26

r.

[now

in

Jahrbuch

XII., p.
it

in,
is

1]:

nanyoa (="ionw)

nwnw.

From

all

evident

KDMVK
n\s*
if

= "W^*
',

beyond any doubt that the Babyl. = 1rV N, and is not composed of (nONJIK)
,

and KB$, as Levy wants

it

(I,

72

a),

or of ND'n \S 'and

you say as Margolis {Manual, p. 88*) explains it. This form was misunderstood already by the Palestinian (as
rightly suggested

by

Poznariski,

REJ.

63,

235 [see also

now

Jahrb.,

ibid., p. 99],

translator of the npiDa nia^n, the

author of the IKn nia?n ed. Schlossberg,

tttMVKl

who

likewise renders

by non

psi (p. 9)

and newi

DXi (pp. 106, 107).

As

to

tf&S NCTVNi
Jli?S*l

"Jl^a

nN comp. the frequent wbsn TVV&n

of the
'

"DJVN

20.

iTW niDJTW. The language

Aramaic

redactor

'

of the Sheeltot was

:

likewise
in

(see

above).
'

His formulae are

'

'CO N

connecting the single

questions

(D13) with
*iinJ3

one another
*J N

(very often), see esp. No. 10:

KVW2
'131

NnaSn pDSO

212 inno,

i.e.

that the words

innia

Kint5>3

nhn

Ka'm at

the beginning of this

number existed

also in the

form of a

328

THE JEWISH QUARTERLY REVIEW

D*ia

Sheelta with

and

yDB> xn,

which

is

borne out also by

x~iCD7 at the end of that decision, this term being usually

placed after V12V xn (see above, sub

8).

No. 142

s
:

'X

npo Kama rwo Pinyn

p'ddi

-lorpxi 'is
'pirn

sypi?

B>n nox *an

;

xn^xtn

k*ib

nant^xn

(F and E)

No. 82 E, F, and
fV3
""Da

RNZB.

connects with 81 through the words:

"3 atto

'X

bnarfo tvim idc'd

i^bk

nwo
F,

"mi*
'id

pntMn,

i.e.

to
:

place rt/^r the words (pnoxn jva) napo

i^sx in No. 81
:

'

bnan^l

K<am

No.

58

(E,

and RNZB.)
nitc^m nixnin
'on

'103

'K

ras^BO mbarn n^na

'13

worm
p'yan
:

rrefaza

p'enana
i.e.

wanna

proaio

'a

nbsm mWa
pntttB

wi
'ia

pn},

after the

words (ja'tnaom)

ne&Pa
:

niKIVl at the
'on 'a'n
;

beginning of the

No. 91

after

number, to the place 'tt nib'Ta 11W2V 'ia VKhm E, F, and RNZB

(see ed.

Wilna) have the following: 12 R''n (Wil. 'm, F '~l) 5t"a "03 'K ppi raw cnna x^yai xr6xtn KBtPaa (rax) KaK 38 'tt enn l^K, see ed. Wilna, No. 88 KB^K mplK '03 'K
:

i.e.

as

was already remarked by Reifmann

is

'03 'K,

which
V.,
:

follows here,

to be placed after KB"^

(KB"'^, ed.

35

c)

-iid'o

No. 103 before the second T"i D"ia E and F have D*3tDpn ^>y D^na "l'nrnb ina (F marg. nvrn ^3 *k) *D3 'x
;

no n'ncn (E erroneously Km) K3WI (F

(F
p"Di)

in addition

K310K Kp)

ponsi

D'anp

'1

anh -icd

mm
nB>

Kpbon nyi R^ra Tiin

WWRa, an order of succession which

44 b
ff.

HG.
'a

nxoio, ed. V.,

had before
!).

it

No. 50

'ia

'an x^ya'O '03 'K

(comp. No. 107

As shown by
'

the

expressions
still

jva

pnoxn

(81), "io' (103),

these redactional glosses

',

belong

to a time

when the She. were spoken preached. Mention must be made here also of two other
are likewise old:

glosses

by copyists which
38

Geonica, 361 (in the

What

is

still

to

be said on this does not belong to the sphere of

lexicography.

POST-TALMUDIC-ARAMAIC LEXICOGRAPHY
:

EPSTEIN
m

329

Derasha to No. 43) an nEN rh *a"Ji xnma mvb rmn nun rwaon ^yi nunn by |naK> coys n^sia mnsK pro, -\))&
i.e.

'let

'tt

D^iaya

jom an
is

nros*

be //^r<^

(nix)

previously',

before lis? nun, which

accordingly stricken out.

"13

Like(see

wise No. 45 2

'13

WJO

s)DV

an

1DK

K"]p*yD,

i.e.

n?ND' pDyn, note 'n) the

anterior to
in

words of R. Joseph are to be placed the words of R. Johanan, as we actually find it

F.

MSS. E and

And now

proceed to the lexical remarks, which are

ranged according to the order of succession of the She. : "icai rib rvb n^axo nai wva uan trrxa 21. No. 1
:

Tin

h^n E: Tay m$>

nax

w$
=

nosTa kdv nn xh^n Toy

rron*a*j&j

maxo,

noji n^aro "Dl,

'

has IDai supplied above the

'

line,

Jpn (1)

fit

out, prepare
;

as here and frequently

in

the Babli (Levy, IV, 168 a)

in She. also

No. 44

s2
:

nav
:

NVD1N n"6

383 (Temurah 8b another reading ), and No. 133

;

pja
:

maix

pnayi fiavai fcWann (E |W3in) ed. V., in d (B., 457): wiaxo HG.,
nb

in
^ya

Gaonic literature

mm

*nd rvb

^io
payi
in

n^,
z'foV/.,

and

Geonica,
'

325,

XLV

TB^b
',

D'PJ
this

fnaiftn

XLI.

(2)
:

the

Geonim

mend, repair She., No. 170 E:

(ed.
'ia

in

sense

only

"VDN

T3IMn KT^pM Wl
ed. V., 23 a:

snyion

xhna jrmaj^

raipn^)

HG.,
nat$>

tovn
ed.

mnmb
B.,

non^

*w

etodw
in

anyo ^crx
:

wwi,

iC2 with a marginal gloss

Arabic

rWDJP, sjUw

'to

mend
'ia

it'; HG., ed. V., 29 d: Nna^oi N-iamen a: by e|Ni tnn ^aa n^i xb (= Kna^i?*), ed. B., 143 nnajrcfl tnanoi
:

(the Ed.'s

work

Z?*V Vat.
39
,

Handschr.,

p. 21

has

Nraxcfl)

with

the gloss: 3KyKB> ^D

38 a

J^ii, rcparavit (fracta vasa).

from Tem. 8
b,

NVD1S*
fol.

m? naV
67
b.

cites

also Kafthor

Wa-Pherach XVI,

ed. Berlin,
39

The Arab,

glosses in

HG.,

ed.

B.,

are probably derived from the

33

THE JEWISH QUARTERLY REVIEW

Syr. H2V, omavit, adornavit (XDT13 X3S,

xnrmc

sabs,

xnmxo
KTiTUXD

xb xnnapno
'

x^>

xyns, Payne-Smith 3360), also xrnis

(PSm.

Tunica acupicta'l), Arab, oil, reparavit

.$&

{vestem), see in addition

42.

Instead of

TO

^6ti

we

find in

Tanhuma and
'

var. in

xS^n T3y precedes it, bl^n would be more correct. N^TTl feast in Talmud feasting, wedding (Levy, I, 472 b), see esp. Sanh. 105 a nay K13U5n KTWOia xi: v2l NmnD (Ar. X3D xdv) x^nn, and Git. 57 a: "^n
h^3,
bibs
;

but since

'

'

',

W;
'feast,
p. 1
1

Hebr.

D^n

Jud.

9,

27;

Mand. K^n, Syr. kW*1

wedding',

8,

1270 (comp. Noldeke, Mand. Gram., and Ges.-Buhl, j.. D^n). The nMW no'K is not
it is

PSm

known
2 2.
'13

otherwise, hence
Ibid.:
'13

taken from
;

life.

pnDN
d.

KnyiO&H KapDOl
in

12: NnyDBH MJpDQI

(xapDDl

Y'N;

xapDE, n:pDO also

18,

No. 13
55
v.:

n^ niDnb

ejDV 313),
.
. .

33 Oxf.
fJ^p

63

(fol.

nan]?D KTD^il napDOl

nvo l^asi

fcWnx [nsp3 yiD 3^L'\ abbreviated in our

She.), 113 end:

'13

31

nos Kapooi;

95: n:v
\VpOK>;

Y'x ppDDl

97: VH

n^13

p^DDl; 138: wia^n

Geonica, 103:

PU*D JflOP toba )ypf?U\

N?i?D9 only Wil (Levy,
in

"WE* X03 |MPei.*

In Babli the noun

3fl

the sense of 'result', Meg. 14b:

WpDOl
:

III,

176 b);

the verb, however, in the Kal

xnyD'C irb p^D nin
x^>,

B.

kamma
:

92 a:

Kfobm K2^K

in

the

Aph.
nhna From
is

Suk. 39 a:

W&D
b.

*E1BK;

Anan,

ed. Hark., 39:

p^SDI

t'XS^X of R. Hefez
this

and not from the yjOB^X 3X713 as Halper,

mtapn DID^D DXE&X^X TDSri,
!

Yazliah (see Halper, /?/?., 19 14,

I.e.,

thinks

p.

560).
is

also

derived the

for that Baraita

mUpfl

DIU'S

found incorporated in the ed. B., 636 40 No. 91, RNZB. (see ed. Wilna), F and
,

IV V""b
bv
TV>b
:

ilk Pp3'J'1
*b iT"lK

nni3n p^DCH
'ID

^D^m

in

(nTljn XP^D = our redactor (see above sub

Geonica, 154
:

TtTtSft

XpDD
'13

20),

No. 103

XpPDT

IV)

n^X3

(p<DDl) pD^OI, No. 142

X3VI3 p^DDI

POST-TALMUDIC-ARAMAIC LEXICOGRAPHY

EPSTEIN

331

'and concludes, ends'; Responsa nrua mon, No. 161: npi In HG and likewise in the later pp^DDi pr6ia Nin^'.
literature, as is

known very
No. 5
:

frequently, KJpDE, jrpDD.

23. Nprns*.

'id

Nnrvx aari> sp^ns n^ rrh fsi

'aa?
in*
;

nwa
awo^

sprns nayei min naD

is

*te.

n^

rvin paa 'on an

:

Knnw aD^ob

Nrvmxa pDyob

n^n sprnx (E
12
z/.:

Nprns rrbn

xnnixa pDyob, Oxf. c. 16, fol. awobi KrPHiKa pDy"c>b); No. 14: sprnx
ntdd,-6 (E and

xpjtin rvb rvin

nay'iai

'on

11

fo

bpB
:

nnWDk^) = HG., "taan, ed. V.,

(r-

142 c

below

ftbn

WtrWO
below
:

KpniK p^pB>

Kp^llk) Kin

further
;

HG.,

ed. V.,

67

b,

iTpwiN bpBH

WH

HG.,
;

ed. B., 209 in

'BTVa': p^ais noan me>Dl

xprm
:

DttPDl

Geonica, 213 (from

K3pa3HDl) nypajnoi

Basra to R. Moses Gaon)

ibid.
in
:

xprns r6y

(r.

pitrn nna

fo splrix" x^ya xpi

anayon rnoN pjnw nai

the

Gaonic Decrees,

&c.' (J6>^.,

IV

(1913), 29), IX, 6

nsn^

?ini?

an

*m*k

nna

'yntwi

^J\b

wm
pr&

xp^nx pr
p^aon

paaniai

jwaisa

crapi;
(a

ibid.

Nanuiax pnb yeta 14: xprnx 'piajn

salary)
|ST1N
fvi>
;

mo xirpa Km' 'Dn^

monthly

in

responsum by R. Zemah, ynncn, No. 43:

\xrorb rpuiai
lb
jrvc^

rPTOM

rvpan

-inab

'ia

wai>
(r.

rr6y

jynaoon pixrn
D*6a
'by

xprm prw am nit nxio vpiq) uvao Kmax ^ nnx

rvi>

xnaiy
'13

mn

"oni 'id

am
(r.

t6 Niua

nanai xprjix

(r. f?)

KpJTlK lnb

\n^b

xpJTlx expenses).
expenses
IDVob)
in
',

rrrra) 'TPa p'DXn

(means of
'

living,

therefore
'

but also

means here not only costs, rvb wbi wealth, money (as in No. 5
' :

wmwa

poynb xpmx), and 'salary'.

'

In Babli only
io

the sense of

costs

'

(Levy,
'in

I,

52 b)

in

Targ. Est.

7.

reben KpJTIK3
isbjj*,

= KpJTWa

the
p.

treasury', Pehlewi pTJMC,

Lagarde, Hagiograpka,

366, and Abhandlungen,

is

p. 25, n. 3.

similar change of
ya(a,
xr:
'

meaning
treasure

noticeable also

in

the

Old Persian

',

which

later

on

assumed the meaning pccuiiia,

divitiac, census,

xPW^Ta,

Tifxia,

332

THE JEWISH QUARTERLY REVIEW

(popoi,
,

and

comp. Lagarde, Abhandlungen p. 195. In our case we must also assume the change to Np^m means of NpWH Taan. 23 b and Men. 69 b, living, daily needs
'

'.

according to the Aruk, Syr. ap^l (Levy, IV, 431

o

b), Pers.

<jjjj,

Old Pers. dbj^, whence Arab. ,3^ and

op. cit., p.

its

derivatives

(Lagarde,
p. 486).

81

Fleischer in Levy's Wbrterbuch,

24.

No. 9:

n^iin

srpxis

bp

ynnt^xn,

similarly

below.

In Babli only the Pael ptt 'to pipe, chirp' (Levy, IV,

185 b); here noun, 'the piping, crying', Syr. N^Jf pipitus,

PSm.

3382.

25.

No.

10:
,

rwon

*]iant?Kn

ve/n
f.
:

bna,

F:

koti

bit*

won

TBTvsn
KD33D

Oxf.

bns
'13

d. 63, fol.

n^n

obi inch

100
n

-" n^Dn
:
;

murpNi

rwBn Tian^x

ran (agrees

with the reading of the HG., see below)

rWDDD

-im"s*

rwon VWJrS

bvictfi,

No. 37 "IJ"Q ?3N* and RNZB. (Ill,

fol.

100 a):

won
'vd

rwon(!) iisntrw yvwd (RNZB.: m nana T'Sncw) both MSS. are corrupt here. HG., ed. V.,
;
:

23 d has the correct reading

paa

bwsn

"inn

pW3

^3N

Trow

is

rw>n mwviSn

(B.

105: parwK'i wn).

totk
a,

ipl.

wrVK)

l/ancw, from 1VH, sn TPN,

Shab. 156
also
B.,

1BW1N,

TC'N'DS*,

Onk. on Num.

35. 33;
jin^pa

comp.

HG.,
526:
:

ed. V., 128 c:

won

st*03

snntr^n
!

naatw (ed.

Kinds'!), as

if

formed from NIC

Different Geonica, 320 u

ant?
'

sn^o

nb

Nmnt^N
in

= mnc\\\
nDioDO^

from

to throw, cast

away

',

somehow
26.

the sense of wbsn

:

NP!

N^TN, in Yerush. often.

&6
Kin

No. 13

n^>

aw
;

n^n

son vbi

|vai

DV31 n^nn,
3?ni
,

and F:
This

did!>
is

inDDDft.

No. 154: DV33 inDDDOD the correct reading, fr. dcd = DDD,

Syr. 'to cure', 'nurse', DDOID, KODC1D, 'healing, nursing',

PSm. 2653-4.
p.

Also used by the Geonim, Hark., No. 338, 169: (Yeb. 42 b NDD) NDDDDn TJ'DN ET3n TOM? HD1

POST-TALMUDIC-ARAMAIC LEXICOGRAPHY
i6)
'ia

EPSTEIN
a^m D^paa

333
rrh
;

n& didod twwn

II

ai?n

n^a

naiDtyas?

'ia

diddd l^asi

'ia
:

"i^yo (see

Low,

note, *&#., p. 369)

N"JJ$>

pal. Shek.,
N^yft^,

V 2,

48 d

ded

"inn

3D ncn pi *n

var.

DpDO 'venomous' (comp., however,

12

Low

in

Krauss, 398).
27.

No. 15
is

NT1T

MVna &BK
in

(MNsb)

N$>JJ

3Wfl

MTPKH

(riN^
NT1T

gloss,

wanting

E),

F
by

\xo

nw

NO^y aim &WTKH

in this

"13

Kfixa Hf5; Syr. K1PK,

PSm. no;
^Ijjl,

manner
3367,

the Syrians explain also K"H2f

Siudon,

PSm.

comp. Schemel,
Aruk,
s.

Z?z>

Kleidung, &c,
correct

p. 33, note.

KTlX as

v.

is

the
k.

reading.
p.

R.

Solomon ben

ha-Yatom on M.

27

b,

127:
Tre

T, KTO 12, WT3

*din
jra&a

(KTn=),
dhj2

B>n

nin

iiDm,

mp"

ay

nam (6nm=) vrns wan

(51b) syvo toai;

;

She.,
:

No. 113: WH"nO; Oxf.c.18: W1TW3 41 HG.,ed. V., 94 b ,v N*ns m3, ed. B., 378 and Aruk: MWVW3 Assyr. suduru,
;

syn. of cl-lu-ku

(= ?^),

Delitzsch, Handworterbtick,

564

a,

'a cloth
38.

'.

No. 20

N^^ai kde"3

mna an^b
k.,

yai

^yan

is

cited also

by

Asher, Decisions, B.

VI, 5), to vubbsi the

'torturer',
;

margin has:
'

WN3

pDE

'a.

WK3J5DO might be

one

who

inflicts

wounds
it

',

which does not

('

fit

here

nor
',

is

it

in place to

emend

to JOJOpDO

driver of cattle

as

Pes.

153 a:

'13

Levy

III, 163 a

TpDD Sim KDNDD fHiTl NC3 ~]b TpDD, and 580 a, and Low in Krauss, s.v.),

see
for

the simile does not explain anything.

B. m. 93 b:

In accordance with

xno "orm NnTrv KrmHU i? naa, I suggest b. xjxappia* 'guardian of a tower', Pers. dL~j, Arab, jlj*, a Aruk), Targ. sptnp, Syr. Kpttna, Talm. Np^p (Shab.

41

Over the
'

line in old

Greek
;

script utraTTparas

p-tr air par-qs,

'

one who

sells

again

(so also 'Aruk)

there are more such Greek glosses here.

334
M3K3

THE JEWISH QUARTERLY REVIEW

^
').

'

'

('master'),

guardian

(comp. KX1TT, 'guardian

-ism
b.

of a door
Ibid.

r.

with

Min nvn ' nvr6 ^03

^jn

pa

bs

rr^isn

(ed. rr

nnxn), Af. from

W, bn? as Git. 77
like ed.

39. Nr6

DlfcVO.

No. 21

'N03 I^BM

*T*1 "-NTl^ D1t2>0 'M b"ti

Mm

M^ nnnan,

and

RNZB.

Ket. 53 a: *K

>M

'TH.

But the reading of the ed. V. is certainly correct. In Gaonic literature also the following: HG., ed. V., PlTp,
13 b:
bitro

p"6non

yivn dim ms'mi M3\n

(ed. B., 47,

nwsn

ira b&v
42

-iimi

vmmb ins Mh
p3T3D
m^>;

3: by *|k

nTitaoK pp^non)
k

rrov^

HG.,

ed. V.,

mo

oi\

36 b:

'13

xnniT "id
ib

nono

p*mo
after
'13

ah tt6

dwb
nyp

s^

w
F

"r6

nnon won
i6
'Ml

Mm,
"101

ed. B.,

182: 71H

Mfii>1B0M

(!)^3M
sot?

1M^ dki (pleonasm), in She., 107

l53t?3

has

... MnoiT

"iono

"pH MnblooM

(in

b.

Bez. 21 a another reading).

Thus

both passages of the HG., ed. V., and in that of the She., No. 21 xrb D1P0 corresponds to Mn^loOM 'because of.
in
It is

a translation

let

etymology of
ioom

us say a vulgar translation, a popular

in

MnblOOM divided into MnP'IOOM,

so
it

which

= DIC'O
:

And
:

is

to be explained also in the

Babli
rrrn

Yeb. 29 a
D1B>o,
:

^>to

hti anb Dico nninM mna, Rashi explains but is compelled to add Min J1b6 mn' Nnb wi
!

B. m. 20 b

ioi yps

hh wn^
it

dico idm no an

m khk
'

j?pd

ypa n*T 'Knb DICO noK,

it

Rashi also here ^TO tatSB, while

is

self-evident that

means

'

for

my

sake

',

in

behalf
'
;

of

my
42
:

honour

(because of injury to

my

reputation)

writers

The passage must have experienced the following changes among later Giyat, I, 17 cites .tVt D15*", MV., No. 151, p. 11.7 MHIIX 0165*0,
:

Siddur Rashi, 263, No. 126

Jahrbuch, XII, 118, 23
:

i"I2v

Dltt'O

[For that
for

in

my

Fragment,

1^3*^2 PpblOB*,] likewise

UN*

HG.,

ed. V.,

36

b,

we

find

INI Tl, 8:

pmiO

PM T^aca

1M^ DM1.

POST-TALMUDIC-ARAMAIC LEXICOGRAPHY
similarly ibid., 106 a:
v

EPSTEIN

335

TTH
'for

~\rb

Q)WO. "jxr6

awn, ^rh D1TO

*]r6).

'for

thy

sake',

my
!

sake'

(Rashi -frm,

Thus alongside with

it

bv2DK, an ht3DK, Nn^lDlOK,

we

find in

the Babli also a vulgar Nnb D1K>D

(s.

Levy's attempt to explain

entirely

v.

xvb,

II,

531

a)

was reversed

by

Fleischer,

P- 536i>lt3K in

She.,

No. 69:

'an

blDDK

72: yatrn blDIOK; and

1DK).

13 E: ^n hoDN
30. /&tf.

*jn

pnn

* (V.

and F:

E
:

sna^D '^BNl

<KB>aJ$>

'TIS

''"W N^ "ICH n"n

XToa.

The
DJaJl

latter is

ever Erub. 53 a

wanting in the edit. Ket. 53 a; howtncab NTU3 nhs^d o |JK1 Rashi PWUP irvs
;
:

prim
not
in

nv 3pJ3 ^niaa iniK, an explanation which

NTiJa xna^D
('

does

fit

the context in this passage.

a plug7,

the hedge'), in accordance with R. Han. in Erub.:

i"6yn

Tiiia n5i
yavs),

n^

iiw
'

bmaa nnvi (quoted

something of
little

in

Aruk,

s.

v.

probably means
'.

value,

something

insignificant

31. Ibid.

'is

tnm Kin

^a "'NDN nipbim
b,

nnnni,

\sn nip^ini
'ia

nnnni = edit.
is

Kct. 68

has i"d
it

E wants mpSm nnnn

the usual

?a.

But 'NEK

not a scribal error,

is

introduction of a question in this dialect, frequent in

(see
in
I,

Anan
/.

sub 15) and in the above-named tractates (see

:

c.)

She. also No. 23

'13

yat^m

jva

WONl (Ned.

8 a

another

reading).
32.

No. 23:

NTn M^y

beorvn

Kim

fVS,

read with

and

F bw,
33.

from btW.
*6w*a Ninn

No. 24:
;

mmb
Npaa nb JNDS

n>b

pnytro, and below:

kits in

UBB> nmsi>
'13

further 48

r6isi

rWD

p-D3
;

p<S3n

Nn^S

nmb
my

N^IDI

'is

(ed.

mra)
in

.Tins^

talmudic nns

(properly nna, Nina 'in one', Bab. mna,

see
'

Papyri

mn,

Weitere

Glossen

'

ZAW.

for

336
1913,
'

THE JEWISH QUARTERLY REVIEW

'

p.

139),
',

together with

'

',

while,
:

near

to

',

"Hr6

opposite
avn
'

but also "nna^ Zeb. 39 a

'.

mbn

nrab

mua

Nn^n

together with

As

to the

form comp. Pal. nin^a

and ITlrW (Targ. Yer. to Exod. Job

1.

18. 14),

nmbib (Targ. on
Talm. n^nnai?,
as
*!D3!\

19),

similarly

biblical

ruWHTaoir,
in

yiDO?,

rpoib,

and

like

forms

Phoenician,

"iDnoaoij,
^tain

m*ac&,

&c.

She., No. 77
n^>

F:

x^i

natn

snam
>a

[HM xh N"-ir6 nyxao

' '

(r.

wia)
;

joro

amx
'

bns>3
'

nro

immediately

(without effort)
'

Bab.

N"Hni?

directly
line,

(opposite), anton. KD'JK

straightway, in a direct

at

once'
tfmwfr

(see

=
:

Mand. N\snnb, K">N*in^, rarely Levy, s. v.) and Talm. KJW^i solus (Noldeke, Mand. Syr.
;

Gram.,

p. 141).

/fotf.

wwop wa
5. v.
:

(ym

ia&>
is

nupup

k!?n

mm
out,
Til.

moa
F
UTO

s^,

KtfWBp lnTn but the a

scratched

KJVJplip,

Aruk,

n^pipjy cites: NropiTp lnra

nauni nacy,

34. No. 26

-on o3

pan Hn vm (F pan w),

*j

RNZB.
'ia

pan on

*j naiani n"ni
'ia

na pan on
an
an

naum nap

N*b

No. 29:

rr6
"jn
;

^yavo

dj

5n na^Ki btw,
"on

E
avi

on

'ya^n
'ia

'an,

F
; :

tyao pan

No. 30:
im

wn
rr6

50: on
*ai

niara pan
;

75

tdk

"an

on n^asa T'dsh

nxj.na

80

Dn etiam,

E nwna iids see my remark

: *an

on n^axa

TD&n

*avi ai

on On in Jahrb. d.

jiid. lit.

Ges.,

IX,

226 and

252 (and above on Anan, sub

32),

on

fn

X, 380.

No. 35: vi^a sawn ny idini, E 'o, F kcni nevertheless "11N1 in the ed. V. is not a scribal error. It is
35.
;

imper. sing.

IIONS, "WON
:

(see

above sub
:

7),

and

this

form
to

occurs frequently
Kel.

[inst.

of imper. ND'N

Gaon.
b.

Kamm.

XXVI,
nh

1.

s.v. D^ai

MS.,
7

cites
'^s*
;

from

Sab. 91a:

(ed. Ntt\x)

JVS*n

(1D1K

=)

ein

Ker. fragment, ed.

POST-TALMUDIC-ARAMAIC LEXICOGRAPHY
F

EPSTEIN

337

Schechter, 27a:
ed.

vrtab t6~ iy^, 27 b: nbnna "din;

I,

Rabiah

Aptowitzer

No. 193

(p.

221, see
of

n.

21); D13ip noisi

(comp. Zeb.

18 b: KDWl);]
'n

3i8 21
'ONI

itjj^n

mow, ICK: Geonica, ncsn (now=) now noxpi &u&, 319:

inst.
;

has ID

now pnONpn -iDN3B> now

in

UVTl

[and

also

1N"1

'fl,

which on

p.

97

for |32n
its

noNl mow (Sheb. 42 a M. now),

Hark.

had no doubt

text of the rnpiDB niabn the words

ed.

pnoxn now (Responsa

otherwise
it

^: pnBOT
nOKP

niDN),

for

renders noxn

mow by
;

iron, p. 130 (see

above sub 7 and note 14)

his nnao, Shab. 132
(edit.

in addition also

R. Nissim

in

(ed.

Wien 50
n(:)DBn

a):

TMV TWt 'nONI

from Yeb. 3
niK

"ttDK

mow), on the side of pnotn

WK,

b. (edit.

lent);

HG.

ed.

B. 430:

mj

(edit.

B. b.

174 a now). The form "101K as imperative corresponds to the imp. with pronominal suffix in Mandaic (Noldeke
271
that
ff.)
:

"^Mp, likewise

HG.
in

B. 564:

n^mn.
(.
.

However,
.

NOW, now (niow)

those expressions
is

ny nW1

and the

like) are imperatives

evident from the corre-

sponding phrases as p. Sota 22b:

in

the Yerushalmi, which exhibit TICK,

nonbon *amjn

*|N

(nowi

=) mow, Ket.

32a:

'13

VOFl

P|W niONI,

and B.

k.

4d:

'ttl

miM
Sifra

ba

*ai

n^an r\m: nono mONl.

Indeed, already
:

in

tilpl,

Nedaba, Par.

2,

we

find

(I

NOW =) TWK
-a

,p "106

nwn

nl

QnoiBTl nianb D"!K].

Otherwise Anan, ed. Hark., 119, Xo.

ban D'pn

57

pKW
is
N*b

)wtt

mm

noon

D"pn noiN *an.

The
NVl

end
-1CN

preserved in another MS., on p.

penn^a.
43

170:

1DK1

Hark, translates on
Index, p. 121
:

p.

119:

no&Uti> 103 a

(nW>),
on
p.

in the
'ia

new
.

(PniON
.

?noN=) now,
a.

170:

noNJC Kin pknpxi

c newt? no
p.

But

43

This

is

followed by Ginzberg, Geonica,

318, and in the Index,

p. 411.

VOL. XII.

A a

338
it

THE JEWISH QUARTERLY REVIEW

should be translated as follows

ids',
is

-ox& xin,

icxi on

p.

PSWH XS 170=^x1, i?K,

:

"lDiRB>

no

*a

part.;
19.

iK,
[iDix,

however,
p. 119,
is

in

Anan xnx,
Hebraism

see

above,

j-?^

170 (as comp. the Babylonian 1Kp ^) or else it is Aramaic written in accordance with the vulgar pronunto lix
'3,

either a

(iiN) for iK, as p.

ciation

of the long a like u (see

Festschrift, p. 321), to

J.

N. Epstein

in

the

Schwarz

which

may
(fol.

perhaps be
12 a below)
:

referred also

Responsa

ed. Cassel,
|kj

Kntmsu

xmrn

idiki *nb

pany w

No. 53
-a:

pam

xmbm

(we

might have expected here "VDN, comp. No. 91 fol. 32 a in the middle: tnn?K). On the other hand, Ned. 51a:
lb 121X1
"b

T3JJJ

(previously,

##.,
is

"]b

io\si

lipi

Dp, but

MS. M.

has also here 11Kl!)

probably a Hebraism (ipk)

for ID^XI, impf.]

7zV/.

end:

rwg

rr6

unai'Ni,

denom. of

Ml

'become
which
is

filthy,

dirty'.

probably Dlttixi, 36. No. 36: XJ21D xn,

Babli
inst.
;

however B^BBW, F D11DM, see below sub 61.

r.

with

and

Anan,

ed.

Hark., 10

xax^BlQ. F

W^BIB,

N3B1t3 in

here SM^Bia

pini

of xn, see above sub 13.

No. 38: 7fh*v rb pjDiDi, E rr^nsfc, F x"6&6. 2 Likewise 'Dixi in 38. No. 40: xnn 'eini (= No. 134 ). the Commentary MS. Berlin oct. 333, fol. 311 a (to No. 134).
37.

This form, as also Geonica, 372: "pTy nyoi (=nyi, Nid. 65 b: noi), supports my suggestion {Jahrbuch, IX, 246) that Bab. DT (NCI fWi DTO) = DJ?T, in the Aram, formularies for

documents xtaiii oyTb

in the sense of
'.

{jfahrb.,

I.e.,

and X,

379),

from Dyi
reputable

'be

An explanation cited by the above-mentioned

deserves mention
y&
:

in evil repute', 'declare dis-

Comm. MS.
X211V1

13TN

DU1X
33.

\\VD'Q

roW

'01

d"i

xn66

n^i

'^ibi

(Isa.

15)

ow

yint^

POST-TALMUDIC-ARAMAIC LEXICOGRAPHY
paio (Mak. 24 a). This is Arab. ***S vilis, from which, however, our 'on
see
/.

EPSTEIN

339

(fr.

*!), contemptibilis,

is

to be kept apart,

c.

39.
xnn\s*

No. 41
3'on

Drrrrr

jxon
,

' Drrtn

snpno

snpno a^om aoroh pin"^ rri? 'jnno rvsn Nnpno tdj^ np^ h sn^oa E Npnno 'id spnno 'id (!) tcnano loynb

(where, however, the

left
'13

foot of the

n and

P is erased)

F: NpHnio D'DJ NDDno = Nnano).

ttb\

(!)Nn3no (from Npnno Correctly in the parallel passage No. 153:

resulted

Kprms 3w^ np^

Nni^oa
nb
rra iron,

n^i

on^on Npnno dd^ei

'

p*i3*Di>

n^

*yarp

and No. 135: hunt pnn

n^n*

bv2 nnc ab

nT (E and F Npn !). Bab. xpnn family', B. m. 59 b, Zend dutan, Huzv. "jnn (Perles, Levy, I, 395 a), corresponding to the Gaonic form. Here no doubt belongs also
the puzzling "pnn of Seder
'id

Olam Zuta

"pn iNDn y3E>

bjidsi

"ins?

11m

jwww
the
'

wir\2 11m vnrr, Neubauer, II, 73

translation,
ibid.,

ly

1\1ti>

ayn

in

Hebrew

76,

hence

something
Ibid.
:

like
"]b

relatives, kith

and kin

'

43a .

ami, see above

is*

./ 17.
'id

/ (= Kid. 70 a):

pal nwna

wro, E

and the

wray Comm.

npt sin

N'm:n xmia
fol.

Cod. Berlin,

76 a:

NDmjin, F NT-n:m (Aruk njptijij), edit. Knn*uia. Nom:u, KFHJU is the right reading, a dimin. of NTUia = NTTO (Syr.,

Arab.^) turn
as Syr.
'

44

(B.
fr.

Talm., B.

b.

2a
'

N113 n^ne

!),

'fence',

MDn&K,
',

fatted cattle

'sheep', Talm. xmoa; fr. Niaa Mand. xno^an xmxn fatted oxen (Noldeke,
'

now

Maud. Gram.,
43a
44

45

315),

Hebr.

ma

'suet', Bab. tnTPB, Nid.

[So already Briill, Jahrbiicher, II, 106 n.] Noldeke, Ncusyr. Gramm., 28. 5013 in She., Nos. 49 and 145.

45

Comp.

in addition the

reading of R. Hai {Response/, ed. Hark., No. 46,

p.

22) in 'Az.

nb: TTNa
:

HDW

'OUD MIHftpM
"ID

(R. Hananel nrf/oc.

s. v.

1*183 'IDT) U133

'plilD, in

KJVJpK

TINB) and

his explanation to

t&M3*l "K01N MS. quoted by Kohut, TlNa nD'y.

nmD

A a

34-0

THE JEWISH QUARTERLY REVIEW

'

27

a,

Aruk,
and

dry
;

filth

of small cattle

'

(Aruk

in

the

name
in

of the
(n.

Geonim

NYis Jvbtk pefa), comp. pan hy and npan

pr.

Mishnic).
in the

The

is

frequently

inserted

Aramaic, as e.g.

word before us TU3

In

= TH,

Taan.
tfbe>

23b: ^y NTHJ.D
"H3W1

Np, Hebr. TWIT!, Ned. 81 a: by lTWn*

'to pride oneself, to boast'.

Anan I may
:

be

permitted to

add

it

here in the same sense

f.
:

Anan,
rva

ed. Sch., 27 20

'121

ntwa

lb

rwm

ah [jN]&b ;nn
ib
;

TWD, [mjTPK, now

rwin b

npDB [na

kbit]* Kin n*by

[mj-^xb tdki rnwa

fwd
. .
.
'

nbpe' n[p N]rran jvby mire wi TtmsiA '12 a^no rra p^do na irby -nrcn wvx aya ^m
.

tftf.
jb

28 2

nnro np

to boast \ 46
Ibid.-,

10
17.

W
:

'b

112a,

and

F
'ia

Tan,

see,

however, on

Anan,
40.

.$7/

No. 43

NlinEn *yn

ai

nnanb NnFf ^non

NT1B!

jnd

Nsir *D3 <an n-jidN3 ttNp.

Instead of

Snap, as below in
ed.

wisr nmti by

wm

read with

onyi (E Nnair,
KT1BP,
:

Nio^) and

at the

end of the No. frequently

;

nnaP
snap,

(F here likewise Nfia?*) M. k. 28b: Wia^, Syr.

Anan,
KTiar.

ed.

Hark., 10, 12
at the

The snan
is

beginning

of the No. in ed. V. and

therefore a scribal error,

NJ1BT,

although the Aramaic papyri have

11.

papyri Sachau, $6,

'

5-6
this

(see
'

my

'

Glossen
'

'

in

ZA W.
'

for 191 2).

NBiP
in

the debtor

and

N3B]to

the creditor

also

below

No. and above No. 31 frequently, likewise HG.,

98 a
(ed. B., 380), Syr. NBIP,

ed. V.,
46

Targ. NBP.
//&, ed.

For the Hebr. 13 TUnflb DlpD

lb lPl^H in Sherira's

Lewin, in print- 67, Span.

'

nHJ^b

(French

nTUxb),

68,

nnan^b
'j^.
in

to force oneself to the front'

digitus fuit.

jJO-C from

(make oneself deserving), as the Arab.

II,

"*

O 1

,jJ^c (see Dozy,

229 a) has nothing

{Millon,
s. v.)
:

common
its

with

it.

Hence Ben Jehuda's new formation

"n33 with
is

derivatives TV3T133,

&c,

in

the sense of 'coquet', 'coquette',

not to be

recommended.

Is not the '"IBTID

good enough?

POST-TALMUDIOARAMAIC LEXICOGRAPHY
41. No.

EPSTEIN

34

44:

D;n^>

rv?

*inn

ny,

Geonica, 362:

nncn,

F nwon
(F "ttnxb,

further:
:

'nnK$
;

nin6&

ins

i>N,
:

Geonica, 363

n"Mnttb

below, also in the Ed.

F "mnsi>, nmn^ pd
364:
In

Geonica, 363 n^irnx^), likewise in the citation

rr6

from Bez., 26 b:

nmt6 sn3l3

WW
*pns

(Geonica,

Knan

"nn*6).

Therefore Aph. of srn, instead of Kin.

HG., however, Bekorot,

Dnnt6, ed.
B.,

V., 139 e: PP? *in fc^N ' ^incn ny

597:

'13

n"int6

ton
B.,

n^n \a nnon ny;

rtnsa \rwb,
in

in 2)d or- ed.

b.

V.,

36 c: "iin^,

183:

Bez., 26 b: 02rb n?riK

bis, ibid.:

V2vh -rnnN, Hul.

59b:
"ps

WTWl, MS. R 3 and Rashi

of
1

nnnn,

and
88

in

two MSS.

Rashi:

mnoi.
"lTntfij,

In

She.,

No.

beginning:

P2 ? m\mb, F
\mb,

below: rv^WTN? ins

nyj^o
"intai

vovm

tuc erN
j*k,

then:

|nai>

ins
ksoin

xyjj

n^ n^Ti\xn i^n

F
F
8

\r\2b

rrmnn^, 125: n^ao win *6n nit3d \xn,

E
b.

42.

No. 44 2
;

.t!>

rux ^n* ni
(B.,

w.
toon no,

yips

Hdd

HG.,

ed. V., 139

599)

nav, in

Temurah

KtfDIK
is

n^

rm

is

wanting.

As

to n3, see above, j 21.

,

nSD

4Ga merely another form of writing of nas

is

which,

according to Bickell,

to be derived from Pehl. rvaD, Pers.

see PSm., 3360, s.v. at the beginning), j^*; ( as that njox rb nao (1) Ab. zarah 50 b
:

and
'

signified
'

= rm

prepare
niSD' ab)

('offer'),

Maas.

II,

i>3ito

naiD, b. B.

m. 89b:
Rashi:

^uxn
'S>an

n?3

'prepare';
niDai?

(2)

'mend,

repair',
tub),

Shab.
fpn
1

124b:
mao*

nx na

natr

ruco niao^

vspiyi

vniu^a yonbl
:

43. No. 45

inb n"nD np jorTi

'12

but
F)
:

E
'13

N:m

like ed.

V.

tun
s

^an mto
',

K3n,

F nm,
'tni
'3

'

repeat

also
'tni

No. 50 (E and
107
:

2)0 ova njni>

yai tenia'?

b*m
:

?m

nwvb

nt?
46a

tanwe Nncp, and

:

ibid.

bv

twm

'13

twn

Mand.

H'aX^J naX,

nNBtttflD, Nold., Gram., 48.

34 2
rflina,

THE JEWISH QUARTERLY REVIEW

likewise
trcn
;

HG.,

ed. V.,
'12

35 a

(B.,

176):

rrwo
a,

lino

Ninas
reading)

'13

pnoNi
mn^nai

ana^b
:

(Bez.,

29

a different

further,
47
:

No. 95

ma

x5rT *DJ '13

for,

Nip
4

ma

iori

Tin

Sip

No. 170

FrwS

and No. 66 (from Meg.

;

4a!): Krone
n^JJlNI; in

iay

w* nKi

paa
:

ia

Kiesa njn$> an
"Orta, ed.

Anan,
;

ed. Sch.,

^
;

22

pNJD
:

Hark., 34:

n*an

anh
jiMun

90
;

jwm wn
83 end
:

93

iron

onh

94

wrni

95

'ani?!

JHNroe

84

INinc^, &c. (see on

(B., 104)
:

Anan, sub 31) HG., ed. vwbnD "ori ymn^ n"apn

;

V., 23 c
Tth

below

IT

rPJt>

->en

n^ nyia.
which
it

In

Babli

besides the passage in

that the

Meg. from

also appears
'

more customary meaning of N3D was to learn a Mishnah or Baraita (comp. Suk. 28 b), and that for the
'

other meaning

'

to

'

repeat

reference

was made
:

to

the

proverb
nb ^Irn;
.Ta t3^n,

rrariNi

Nl Nrisna iiayN

also

Pes.

74 b:
87 a:

3Sn

t6 in
;

Meg. 25 a Nnta 1N won Nin ma tr6m x^n >n.i

:

Yoma

*ani ej^n

Kid. 81 b

(N^ni) rwni na^n

mp, Git. 34 a: 'di m^pew n5tT nn '131 mi>pspN Nin; Men. 19b and elsewhere: Nip ma 'On, and probably also Naz.
38 a
:

N^m nnn^ Nicy *en smpoo

i.e.

s?otJ>

nh

'

and

it

is

repeated' (the NnipD),

at

when lambs
it

are dyed, the wool

is

the root remains 'loose' (because

it

not dyed), and

hence

has to be dyed over and over again (when the wool

grows).

47a

Elsewhere only
;

in
is

the Targ. (see Levy, Targ.

Worterbuch)
bably also
(see above).
47
47 a

in

Babli Tin

used instead and so proP1B3

Bez.,

29 a

Jin tXtbvm

(Var.

ppl)

3n

n^nO,
This
is

b.

Men. 35

b.
:

no doubt also the explanation of Asher when he says 2'TlNI nannO. But he has not N^DI, while in MS. M. llp^y DlpO !?N

"W1

the following

HI

is

wanting (M. merely

13

'"Jfll).

Comp. 11 n N^l WB>,

loc,
is

93 59 b: KtfPB) TlfTD!]

B.

k.

b.

The

explanation of Pseudo-Rashi,

ad

forced.

[Sanh.

POST-TALMUDIC-ARAMAIC LEXICOGRAPHY
44.

EPSTEIN
a)

343
V.,
:

No. 48 4

F
:

and

anjn rprrnn Tin (= HG.,

Tin

25

d),

and No. 103

in

mox ymx roTWi

:

(= HG., 44
a,

in

HG.

addition V., 27 a (ruKTWl Tin), 40

128 d end:

(B., 529 Responsa, ed. Lyck, No. 45: WYWi mno Kpal. In b. Shab. 77 b (RIF., Asher,and Rabbinovvicz) and Pes. 76 a 48 =
;

snym wnn

inn

varrvm Yin)

further R. Jehudai,

round about [Mand. kOKTnn nNin, SR., I, 1693 from below.] 45. No. 54: Kn^YNlo OTlpMb y>r\D\, F NnYiNO, likewise
TinD linD
'.

'

HG.,

ed. V.,

CTPp 12

b, in

accordance with which already

it

R. N. Z. Berlin corrected

to

KmiNID.

But the error

is

very old, for already the author of the TnTm found it so 'ia Nrrnan n^oan vt& I3t? (!)minn p lBnpb pa"rn. 48a I, 245
:

Ibid.:

WOV ^5
Kn3K>
"$>y

fc"TP

Nm

N3\T),

read with

and F:

*BW
'

'33.
:

ZWtf.

nnaKno Nmiyoa ^nnsn K3Tn.

'

nrums
found in
"ino

while

it

was

still

light (day)

in this sense not III,

Babli, comp., however, p.

Yoma,

40 b

npt3 pY3

trvuc

-in:s

npna

'l"l3

p"lN (in

Babylon) pn.
(B.,

nnatd 'Qpo,

but also HG., V., 30 d below

154)

tpiDfilcb

'y3noi
:

VONTD Dmasn DV my,

wnffl ^inriN^

for which,

however, She., No. 167

is

pWPDl
in

(but that No.

abbreviated
p.

!).

In

an Aram, piyyut
\sxb\ ^ItDUxh

Mahzor
'

Vitry, No. 307, since Friday

'

340

rpmviT

boob inane

',

while

it is still

day
Sh.

'.

46.
is

No. 542

mm
E

jan

yn

m h?
mnn
bw

*prat6 (in

the whole

wanting, in

only the part beginning with v"3

WW),
51:

read with HG., ed. V., 14 a:

^Dt; here, however,

No. 65:
(r.
<8

win mnn) onn

pdkdti yn innp ^idn^;

pooi

HG.,

ed.

B.,

yn
:

inn
NJITlH

wsittb,

likewise

Cod.

Pseudo-Rashi, Hor. 12 a
,

H^

mm

">M p)D3.
s.w.

48a

Comp. Naz. 4a: y3B 10 HHl, Pseudo-Raschi and Tos.

WD.

344
Oxf. 2760,

THE JEWISH QUARTERLY REVIEW

fol.

28 verso [now in Jahrbuch, XII. 119, 11]:

inn pEDC jn
niPIDS,

rm

h"&

a^\rb.
pBND*l

Their archetype, the nisbn

(inst.

had probably
'd,

of pDKDT
:

!),

as cited

by
?

rwi'en

Bacher, Hebr.-Pers.

WB., 64

nwn
,

pNDn, which
'D
(

the translator renders erroneously

by [100

as

fr.

= ^00)

[pDNB
see

is

the Syr. NDE, *pp 'to ferment, stink'

ibid., 121].

(AUDO.,
T"rc
*1M

65),

now jahrbuch,

47. No. 64: Noyo 'no kswi 31-n 'pirns^ '33 mn rr331 N1U NTT3 N^ NO^l, further
:

P^nn

131

T3JT1 }N01

N^

"SI

nB>

N3H3

N11J

NYUn Wl

DV3

Hint!'

N3N 'N

una man tww

ny phswi prro, ton. in No. 122:

*BW ntd n$>,

N-nm, erroneously.

No. 112F: JVy3B>

3"iy3
'oprc

br0V>b "VDNI

irop

in3i an k^n,

ps's-ie psi p3i3D pNi

RNZB. Nin pyou p swm

tthtt)

-m3i wn aha
nape

rpync?

(W3e>

"pm

(F db>&?6) pr6r6 i3D ncp N3n 'e nins (also E) topsp 3-iy mn3ts> >n&6 'ia ntt3 (F nc^m) Nniri^ i3D miff "3-1 nt:
NT73 (V. NTI3, which already R. N. Z. Berlin rightly corrected into NT13), read
:

"Vm

Nin aba,

vm

Nin in

and

RNZB.
oneself

(see

rbiW pyn,

letter?),

YI3 'dissipate, dissipate

(She.,

No.

10:

1VT3N;
'

68 3

TT3*N,
fire,

fumn),
to take

to
fire,
:

spread oneself, eventually take root

'

become dispersed
',

of a

to put,

(27p)

of a plant (Berlin

pN3 vnwn
97. 11
jnj

OB'ano).

To

the

first

meaning belongs
Esther
8.

Ps.

liN

= NTJ3
ynt

Nni3!
||

'a bright (spread out) light'

as
16),

(yn?

is

adj.,

niN
Sar.

nno'C,
I
r.

Syr.
;

NTH3
latter

vrvtQ
48 *

Jac.

diffusus

(PSm.

455)

the

meaning reminds us of the Arab.

js\ prodiit

germcnt
-

The

first

(No. 64)

is

also of great importance

,8b

49

We

See Addenda, No. 19. must mention here

also Kalla

r., II,

end

TD?n

"p"1X

'HD^ND
and

Vm

abt2D

Tanh., ed.

V\l& (comp. Kid. 33a), 'get up', Buber, 3J1, 13 MS. Mich. (n. 44) P)DV T3 Nin
'JD3
:

Un

'arise',

%2V2 >3N

i^axnb H3

(Gen. 18, 8

on^y

n^iy =) v>y

srvif

n*n.

POST-TALMUDIC-ARAMAIC LEXICOGRAPHY
for the

EPSTEIN
:

345

explanation of Shab. 20 a

f.,

where we read

nK

an pans jnas an pans ps n^ap xnannc Na^N nannN KnDn an rb eppn ,an pans nibmra D^p -HorvN p-iao n^> ni^nina jana pnao pa*yna ptao n^ pas pnao an pans pn pa n^> an pans pant? d^p tuna an noa voj
janacpans p pa^jna

win an

n^mna
piao
'Da

[ana

an pans

pa^jna

(Rashi

\wrn xb

nnash)

an pans.
refers

According to the explanation of Rashi, who

to the burning material ('they
fall

apart'), the
is

phrase
in the

norPN,

by which, however, no change

is

made

case of
(as
it

D"0p,

striking

and

against the talmudic

^>xana

method
sub n
;

was already remarked by

is

true

that

Rashi has

'la

pnp to Asher, D'ap nDN Nana an

,

M. and

old prints Nana n"N non'N, but even this does not

help much).

The
D^iwn

right reading here

is

preserved in Alfasi,
1131?,
it

ad

loc,

S.

ha-Ittim, and
50

Magid Misneh,
and no doubt

Ill,

end

(DnBD
n^nina

DSpl

nona),

was also the

it):

reading of R. Ahai (his NTJ3 leans towards

'ia

an nN

pans pN pas an pans d^p win ncN 'oa ncn^N 'o pans px pa^yna] 'ia &:p an nN Nana an [an pans mbrnrn pna an pans p, MS. Oxford (see Rabb., an pans pa'jna an pans pN pax an pans D'ap note b>)

pans

pa'jna '

here by another hand

]"\^2^ Q>ap)

an pans pN
fern,

ni^nina
miriina
for

?ana
'ia

nnnN snanDD xa^N nannN n"n n^ sppnn (pnTB n^

'13

n.

Accordingly, 17*30

(pt.
is

Ithp.

pi.,

masc,

MS. M. and
sense as
in

R. Nissim }TI3*)

to be taken in the

same
is

our She.

' :

are seized

by the

fire
is

',

which

possible only
as

when

the inflammable material

kept loose,

appears also from

Rashi's

remark to the words of

:

R.

Hunna
60

(according to his reading)

rbw mrbv

pKB> <&

DPW3 Daa^.
Similarly Asher, but corrupt, as
:

Glosses to Asher, and others

in

was noticed already by R. S. Loria, he had no doubt the reading of Alfasi

mind.

346
48. No.

THE JEWISH QUARTERLY REVIEW

2 64 end: nnny nwo no kpd^b

*b

mns,

win
;

0 tnpn* [xipn^ 'certificate', Syr. TI?n!, BB.,

Pers.

AUDO
as

444

^b

'

remembrance
244).
in

',

comp.
in

Arab.
Syr.

yJJ
also

(Frankel,
tnp"ttK

WZKM.,
Frankel,

Ill,
I.e.;

Occurs
I,

Cardahi,

548:

KPT*!)],

She.

MS.

F has smaiN, Ba. nn-\n, Papyri Sachau Si nana p^i 'protocol'. Ket. 67 b: npm *Sawn <i> w. 49. No. 66: nun N-irya piainc an ^nra wyb p3"mi
P3f. Talm.

'PHD3
rected

|yi

WViyn,

correctly pnD3, as

was already
11

cor;

by R. D.

Luria.

ppno pTM Targ.

I,

to Dpn tfJMK
fr.

Syr. Menander, Land, Anecdota,

68,

1.

below:

yrwh

])nb
:

;np xpnD i^m.

KTVTO& nT3rv5i
ro, in^ynn .
:

/fotf.

'13

"p"W

q-q,

correctly

no^oi

no"

= nut)
50.

No. 68 1
ed. V.,

anions
b,

son

sin

'id

mpn tain w:
;

vn

HG.,

132

ed. B., 549:

kvti;

widitb
ed.

Tnrm
V.,

II,

4:

3"ipn ^y

ncmaon neon

HG. mania

129 a (B.,

529): KDTB byi snDVVBI (B. correctly: ND13 ^yn KnOTai), snDi^an ta-in tiki ran apron tovn ibid, below (B., 53 )
1
:

DTiD,

and ibid.b: N3im snDlTB 3*p3

^cr ai>n

"

13

'

'
5

1tn

45

nan
'13

bv snbria nponva;
$>N

Tmm
:

II,

83: anona
' ,

ewe
'.

3p")

DN ^""BD

K3im

(below (Levy,

NnDWB)

JjaS*

napkin

Pal. Targ.
s.

K3im xniDna

NHW.,
aa

IV, 124, rJF5.,

v.),

comp. Talm. KDna and

:

ND")a 'veil

awning'.

TfoV/.

jwmn

N3in un nvban
V., 132

$w

3^n,

tcnwOTj

snsnxT, HG., ed.

'rwrnn, ed. B.,

549 khkiwt.

KpttVlX pi. (from vent, ttnnv?) 'kidneys'.

7&V/.

m^
'13

1W3&0D&

JOS,

read with

and

VWlbtrch

(iTWsbwKb), on
//.:
'13

vfcv,

Hul. 93

a,

nn33 nmy*B> ito,

n,

nnw

sin

and

comp. below, j#3 72. E and F WTO; No. 169: No. 89: Sin o \snii, irvB;

POST-TALMUDIC-ARAMAIC LEXICOGRAPHY

EPSTEIN

347

E Nm E vro

Kirvo
;

wn, F nn
:

Nino

No. 73

'13

bow

Sin

No. 92: 'id db Nin , *5 'o a^a wn o, F ltd

BOW W.
Goon, ed.
(ine=)
'id

As

to Kin D, sin 'no, BOro

p.

= irP,
to

see

my
:

Rechts-

gutachten, &c,

270.
(in

Comp.
p.

also

Epistle of Sherira

Lewin
b6k
50a

print),

6y

the

left

WO

svl

wd

wop

pan

n^

pyr

mn

*6n

(irwD=)

vnpaBH.
51.

No. 68 2
T3ti>

'on ndi 'oxn niDK t?na Sn a"yx ^p-vio

pniDN

pom
554:

^nidc,
nJtttd

133

b,

B.,

E BOnto, F Npnno HG., ed. V., wm; in 1BTI 147 (an Aramaic
;

'fl,

passage!):
jniDx ivi;
B.,

pTDK xrTvrro rPHWI

inrm,
II,

BONI

$>3,

ibid.,

140: "pTIO

3:

-row

bt?

pp-wo
;

wi (=

HG.,

ed.

519 below: an ^c
a,

pp-iro
'id

a^aci)

HG. meno,
MmpBtn
(B.

ed. V.,

129

B 530-1
in

*p-no

nn

nn
'u

witf/th (B. pnio!) 'pito

Btrvt?

kj*bh

nyaiN
'o

pBm

*P"iTo

(B.

'pnro)

nwn

'pnrDi

Kjrm

nni b*t ninn an nni

nm bwi)
taai
51

'pnroi '13
'id

*djh piro '

booti
Iin

ww
N21D
;

iin

miry

"pmoa

nDOjn (B. n3i313) N21013

further

HG.,

ed. V.,
'pnro am

26 d (B., 515): vwanrttD? pa"w ncnsn (here

= pm)
;

nn^
92

norm not
Hul. 93

^orvan

a*n
:

pao^D
p*3

nna

further She.
;

(= HG. naiD,

b, Pes. 74 b)

NpTTOI
;

KSOW

pTTDl also
:

ed. V., 32 b, B., 161

a,

Aruk, s.v. pos

NpTTOl

HG.
and
wise

on V., 134
ed.

B. 559:

^pn?o.

In Pes. 74b, ed Ven.,

Amsterdam,
;

1645, have p"MO p1 ' 'pintM, like:

MS. M.

MS. Oxford

>p"VnO

'13

pw
'pTPO

in

Hul. 93

b,

MS. H. and

have
pi
'13

p"W,

(both

times);
24,

MS. M.: *pTW3

fol.

(!)vmoi.

Also RABN., No.

13d, has *p"WD several times: (from She.) *PT?0

;o
20.

'an ^>3K

h? pTan am 'pmon
50ft

on

iwnnb 'o *pnnD3 n^ ^pionoi 'o

See Addenda, No.

In the nOTIB'
'fl

51

by Gama,

Jiid.

Zeitschrift,

II,

79 cited; 'piPO

NDi3-iNn rvt? iin

rrwy ^aaa nwn.

34 8
'13

THE JEWISH QUARTERLY REVIEW

Qi,

and others
':

in

the same No.

No. 279

jniDN

|va n"j

'is

'pTTDa

'13,

and No. 282:

pn-n

on ^pnno pi.

Rashi

explains

'p-tfB

by pTll 1KW1
in

<L>in

(comp. Tnrni

above), a

marginal gloss
it
'

51a
:

Dp"iW.
*p-|T*3

From

the Gaonic passages

becomes evident that

'.

on the whole designates

sinews, veins
It
is

the Syriac Uuv*.*),

J^woju!,
267,

J^uiui)..^,
11.

Budge,

The Book of Medicines,

b
:

I (ch. 15), p.

8-9 (where the

X"6y
in

N3E1DDN1 NTinn NE1D follows upon

T(CX\Wtf\

N*y

W3W)
PP^T
;

kbhdmd

pnpnioi inaa

p pmn
11.

pan N-ni

bwi xsnn

further ch. 20, p. 420,

ff.

XD13 "lnm |H

mnnx
in
1.

no

p /to
:

xsi* Kipnon

in

ioyo d^d

Nn^
and

/to
;

xdi3T N'nnn

pbii xnvy r*j?nDKB paw turn pn

tcpiDKg
1.

ch. 19, p. 404,

3
;

from below

\mt\

nttq

is*

N1333 vrao pin:n so

ch. 16, p. 329,

(the liver receives the juice

from the

stomach): ND1S spin ntk

ndix x-ipnon

ppm
^jlil
J|

NpnDO

p-ipnon pan Nini

;

T3
also

N^y

in
:

wyo

oy ksdiddki Bminn
I4-J

comp.

BA.

in

PSm, 2752
.

^
jJOl

^*1> ikJ^
[spnro
is,

j^
in

U-wsUs

^Wl Jl pjJl aIjUj NpnDD, the Greek

gjjAI.

as the Syriac

fxeo-apa'CKos

'mesenteric or pertaining to

the mesentery' (PSm.) with the Hebrew pntf?

51c
,

and has nothing

s.v.).

common

(Levy,

The form Np~nw,

NjJTlO for Njjltp,

however,
PTJ|0?].

is

perhaps influenced

by Targ.
nnsn (F

52.
s.v.

No. 68 4

nBn *^o b,

corrupt), see Levy,

H3.
/Wrf.: JMV3W

nDnon, read with

?'6z'^.
:

and

KJ5iJ.

Bla
51

Likewise translated by Gama,

pliy,

J./:.
parallels.

Read L.XSO

inst.

of

LX*>,
ed.

as proved
p.

51c

by the
44,
1.

the 1D1DP1

'D,

Bacher,

10:

KpnpDKO (Arab^J
n?

Bftwvm
r.

nrb

p-iip

nriV3 n s pn

on^a n*n6r6n

iaan na^ro,

SpJTDNp, see

ibid., p. 189.

POST-TALMUDIC-ARAMAIC LEXICOGRAPHY
53.

EPSTEIN

349

No. 72: '13 ^ Tien upon n^ ana *BJ ^ (!>, so corIn Babli KpDn is used for rectly E and F, see above, sub 2).
court documents,

summons

(Kid. 70

a, B. k.

112

b), epistles
a,

of spiritual leaders (Men. 40 a-b) and doctors (Git. 36 88 a), but not for private letters. The Geonim,

however,

employed
368
pani
:

it

also for private missives

"pvai
.

mta

Gaon., Hark., No. nostra rran bx anot? dinc ana b, pdkh

:

^Dsn

pmpfl

ipnw H3 v'cnh ^y &tt nionn; HG.,

tdn pdh
s. v.
;

men nrw pw inn jwvai mnr-6 pn-.iot^ p^n vn (to

ed. V., 41 c (B., 203):

fnoi

kbd

Git.

36

a)

pan penuoi

ana'ob

5>a Kruranrr

(-pna=)

see also Aruk,

ed.

Cracow,

p. 120,

comp. also, and Neubauer, Anecdota, 11,78):

nrb
nr

hs> nn^N, 'poa Nathan ha-Babli (Yuhasin,

mn

"nyi

Inn nprp ama wnaiois nanp trxn

'13

nn: pnfow
n. 3,

wnw
and

JIM *Op

NpDH
in

(see Levin,

Jahrbnch, VIII, 327,

Aptowitzer

JQR.,

1913, p. 33); Responsa

= Lyck,
'lai
jrre>

No. 46:

winD

paTi

n'yt?,

No. 39

fo

^"r

b3*q

pnn Np pi
'ana"i.

103 ^piDa "anai

vdkhi bwb Nnmnx ^33

54.

No. 73:

nspo^j

tdn

n^

'13

<j

TOph,

E and F
tnvn
"ivp'o

TSnw,

T?Toi>, so also in the ed. V.,

in

No. 170 Tirvob, and

9
:

No. 98 Tim, likewise

in
all

Anan

Sch.

wm
(K~PSp),

of these

means 'become

sick'

Anan,

ed.

c. [as in b. B. k. 91a (nvp^, ISpO) Mand. fiWM), Morgan, Textes Mandaites, p. 192, 5]. and

Hark., 38, HG., ed. V., 67

ZW&:
b*3K

*6d^

junwi; as to

juhw pvtdtT praxi HG. nD3 = rm, Cant. r. V, 14,

,

nbn, ed. V., 15 b

3:

,mun
;

33

aw

Nim NnDJ TDK, see Gaon, Ukzin

III, 10

for further

information comp.

my

book Dcr
p. 62.

G aonaische Kommentar

zur Ordnung l\hphorot)

55.
in

No. 79 F:

the

wn nh nan jua Dnn, likewise man ann commentary MS. RNZB. (see rbt*W PWn), E and

35

THE JEWISH QUARTERLY REVIEW

N3n Tfb

RNZB.
from
e.g.
B.,

ym

but

E
',

rna 'to

bore through

on the margin roT. hence 'pierced, opened

(see

mn
'

51d
,

as
ed.
'n,

Shab. 146a: XJVnn

na^
nnn^
sta
in

Levy,

j. v.)

HG.,

423 below:
:

sriiBn

(=rina)

nna

&6i

= wn

67

103

nn ho d below: XH3

nwi

napj
tub)
;

onoc ho

nap! s^i, ed. V.,

nn?E> "31X3

Responsa 3nyoi
(s'nnp

No. 68

vcrvb
'is

mnonb

tidn ranroa
fva 'is
:

=) xniTn &nem
hrxi

K3S*ii

nditp \\v6 nnan

56. ssoix
.

(Knn*p-=) Knrvn.

/&&/.

rwwwb men
further:
anf
"a

rrmwoa ih^on

^nwi
anf
'a

(F kvdim
ya

n^ mm),
xpn nrni

non Kpw

p$>3

(F

nnn^ ^as xpn nnm n^ pjorpo, E wb ypm)

n^o
ban paw.

n^ro nxoik haji

man

sxna

Here

therefore KVD1K in the sense of 'morsel, piece of bread',

parallel to

JWia

('

a small loaf of bread

'),

which
j'on
!

fits

the

context best, since the discussion turns about

Further, No. 90
:

52

Tib h"j?0

kxow

Tib

^3WTB
s*na: in
53
;

N^n

p3ia"r

ma
'ia

in

HG.,

ed. V.,

9c: KDr6 pbion

s6n paon
'12

Knrw hn
##.,
8 c
:

rfr

nen 'sow
nsois
!>3N

s^y

pu^
;

^3n!j

joyiiann

3*m bra

D"na basn n^aa

bai

10 b

= B., 64)

t6

53a

nscis

np*K pnao nn
ed. B.,

wen i^nw owjn

Tfb

K3*m

p*r 'anaa

paw);
;

120:

yano nnn cnpn

(ed.

wm
jnnai
;

SsdtS
II,

54

Dyuo^
:

also Seder R.

Amram, nos

Frumkin,
s*h

214)

rreo hafc6
'

nmdin sinn ^y -paon ny

'

has

meaning

a morsel of bread

in all these places.

In the Bab.

Talmud

NTflOIN

occurs with the following

meanings and nuances:

51
c1

(1)

'a piece of bread\ Ker. 7 a:

See Addenda, No.

R. N. Z. Berlin in

ax.

52 53

nW pyn

VSS

71B1 "B
s.

/"lK>a

NXB1N1

The explanation
^p or that
in

of Rashi Hul. 107 b,

v.

D?3, and Tosafot,

s. v.,

is

quite forced, see below.

53a

my

Fragment, Jahrbuch, XII, 11

r,

27

DS.]

Responsa, nT133 nnon, No. 9:

NpH NCnb, HG.

ed., ibid.

POST-TALMUDIC-ARAMAIC LEXICOGRAPHY
nvdts nTipsn ndttT

EPSTEIN
:

351

bmpi nna kd^h Kid. 30 a -12 s"n '*i 'n Kpu^ npm ny nsoix d^d ^ 3n (comp. Suk. 26 a nb^b b"y\ 3T3 ia o^cns 'is wny n^sx ncai) 55 Hul. 107 b: KXOIN if? D73 'gave him a morsel (of dread) in the mouth (see
; : ;

'

above from She. and HG.)

Klbib KVC1N tnufcb
;

likewise probably Shab. 155 b

rvmx') B. m. 70 and so also Git. 69 a

WIN miK a piece of bread nt^Dn31 b: 'is mro inoo nvein .t6 kh^ "on fV3,
'

('

5,i

'13

TO

nj?3&?D 5fDlK

3B-'

"Oa^l

'

seven
(2)

morsels of bread' (one gathers bread but not meat).

'A

piece of meat, meat', Sanh.

;

39a:

K"lB*3n nxoin

^ imx
rwi
3

nbtd "mn rnrm rb iivx

nsoin ^pspob Nri3D;
N-ic-3

B. batra 22 a:
Jfzrb

^b bns

\n
13
s-ic
fWID

Shab. 140 b:
;

SVDW pan 31

yo snbn .T3 jvxn spjw

i>3

Hul. 44 b:
N3K 'KD
'

pn xnann
'13

NYE1X NOV

KlV^l'D NSC1K
('

DVC'D

NTi>"a

^
(=
'13

W3T NJV^yD
Pes. 74 b):

good

piece

of meat), and ibid. 93 b

p-iri

nrrpci

rann p^dnt swdin '

'^3 ^tix
ten

rmpi> lb'SK

(=

She., No. 92),

and Pes. 74 b: mJDJK

07

ne> rvhrw sin prison &6

to

tdk rr^m am

HG., R. Hananel, and Tosafot,

'

s.v.

poDtn, so according p^DN and M2, against

vinegar or spices)

Rashi's correction.

Concerning the dipping of the meat in

(3)

58 vinegar comp. below.

Seasoned

(in

rawmeat\
55

Shab. 128a:

trelN$>

nm

KniN 13 *:kv, 142b:

see note 58.

W3D

Rashi

"ip33 D)V^h P^J"!

still

VH D^>nJ3 OyD

"IB>3

56

People gave and

give (despite 1D1N

k.

fD^ZTI

3^,

comp. Sab.

156 b) bread to the dog, comp. M.

'13

HMi6 nytJH
57

Perhaps

it

N3^3^ NTED HlDIl 31 3 H31 3 13. belongs to number (3) see below. R. Han. Pes. and 'Aruk
28 a:
NC.13
:

nDTKilP X"3 bw ro*nn.

58

To

(2)

probably belongs also Shab. 109 b

Wpn X3^X
On

N^Dl

NXOINO

N3p"l

S3^N

N3DB'

K"ffi3fil
it,

(Rashi:

D^m3

"ICO, see note 55), despite the

fcOC'^ standing near

92 b; likewise 45 a
:

on account of the wholesome ITHnC DD, B. kamma

:

Yoma

80 b
is

Nn^DI KXD1K ^3N.

the other hand, Ber.

N2JCIN rVfipjm

doubiful on account of Ker. 7 a (see above).

35 2
kxoik$>

THE JEWISH QUARTERLY REVIEW

b
n^>

nn kh
npi
s

neb

rw

naK (Rashi: inynp din

na*)
:

aa

b*b>

ssoik

n ipa

d^diki

Hul. 15 b: nb\rb
dS>
ti

bmvn
,KXiKa

iWD\ta xnab iroo ro&a (RG.

"KP3
'13,

renn nota

h?

59

nj5p),

59 a

K5f1K3 TOD
D1KT0) *7
:

^D^
TBP

n3D 'O N<3D

NVD1N3

"12 KlPin

and 113 a Aruk:

;

b^

yi

(nnnN3 en y^acn
Alfasi:
tib

RG.

tidk kvdin rona !>a^ jn \xn (to 2) ;

IN

KXB1K3 rto
banab

b^b
tdk

ntJ> ,

also
,,

RABN., No.
rfb
:

277 has: KXCiKa rmo

In the

"o

N ya
:

>

Ni 59a .

Geonim
42)
;

(2) She.,

No. 44 s
133 d

NniK

M3X (see
60

above,

.$#

HG.,

ed. V.,
"\rbsb

(ed. B.,
,,

558)

kSdik

iv ninE>i rroD*DD

;iv

r\byv

piDNi

COa

xbna rp0D<BD
:

TDK iT^m Kin pn3Dn (= Pes. 74 b, see above), and 134 a kbw awi kdt rwio ens p^dkt }i*a jnnv nxe tski jkb Kn nby tra^Di kseik noxoi. (3) She., No. 68 2 on TDK a
:

KV01K3 n^a

nc
we

B^na

Kin

Ka^n

^>3k

trnan

Ka^n

ona'N

(= HG.,
^^^l va

ed. V., 133 b).

find (1)

In Syriac
Lis

NVDN BB. 192

Ujjsj

Jl

^UH

NVK
1 .

p^b

J-S^j

r>^

'-^

-3
i*

^ >* J-^l?

^^y^

'KN Arab. (^511) uaJ^\, &c.

With

us in Takrit and

Mossul (KXDK means) meat cut

spices' (see Lagarde,

in pieces

and eaten raw with

Abhandlungcn,

p. 13;

PSm. 242 has

^a^l caro

J-^U and renders Tacrit MossulanaX). Arab,

accto imposita, &c.

cruda
see

(Freitag
/.

concerning the

etymon
61

Lagarde and PSm.

59

c),

comp. BB. 427,

s.v. KniTJ.

And

She. No. 128.

also

59a

So

D^KT,

ed.

Wilna, No. 48

(p.

10):

KH

'13

vb

K^K

np

KVDiKn Tnni>.

60 HG., ed. B. 558, has twice: Ki'JOK, likewise in the citation from Hul. y^a KXDK, p. 559 and i6t (yet also ed. B. 554, last line and 114 KXD1K3),
:

the pointing Ni'CK probably originated with the editor.

For

(3I

KifDK

would be more
60 a
61

correct, see below.

57.

See note

In a fragment of an Arabic

commentary

to Hullin, Oxf.

MS. Hebr.

POST-TALMUDIC-ARAMAIC LEXICOGRAPHY
(2) NVEiy,

EPSTEIN
!

353
ajl),

which simply

signifies 'piece', 'morsel', iJaS,

as Kenbn KXDiy, N"iDm

kxow (= Nit^an kmmk, Sanh. see above), PSm. 2915, likewise Mand. KSDiy, Noldeke, ZDMG.

XXXI,

539, n.

1.

That nvoin was eaten r<zw

quoted, sub
(3)
;

is

evident from the passages

b.

from

HG. and
eat

Pes.,

62

cited sub (2),

we

learn furthermore that in

Babylon they used to dip

it,

raw

meat in vinegar and so

writings of the

or less to the testimony of BB.

In
Syr.

which corresponds more

Babli as well as in the
xviy
is

Geonim the

and nxen were

merged

into a single NVOlK,

which

explained erroneously

by

the commentaries and lexica throughout as 'raw meat'

in

(Rashi

some passages
is
H

meat

63 slightly roasted on coals).

KV&1K

construed in the Bab.

Talmud

as fern. (nTlpin,
I.e.;

KrP^yc, mniN', nnp sx), so also Syr. NXOiy, see Noldeke,

but also as masc. (p'EDNl,

57. nvp2, NDtru.
Ibid.-,

Tvbfli Kin, see,

however, note 57).

'is

ttnwap
vfo

\\nb

n*K ^Tcrh
"no

en

pna

ww
,

anpei tenwap \vb

:

now T"wn
p^attnDi

miyDn

Nip'yo

w6

Koefoa

tdw

anpo Knp'yo anpo Knp^yo

woi npo yioi> *yaw anpo, similarly RNZB.: pi>3snen nun wdi anpo wo^ ya w ' (?)sH^o5, F: pbsnen nun Read with E KB^33 (NOB'?), or KttK>ua (with KrUW33(!).

RNZB

XttiTD is

merely miswritten or misread from

Syr.
h\rh
NttB>J

KBI7U),

xnt'033 in

is

corrupt.

cr KttEto, excoriatio, in
KTiba

Talmud Sanh. 100 b:

Ki>ar6 rraat) (x:n^2
d.

vbl

ri'mKD

BNMTl

k!>

= nuir,
fol.

here).
104b,

46,

17
"3

(Cat.

No. 2643),
in

we

read:
r6in^>

haw

Dn^

si'oix
(

TDan
'

.613
NE1N*

b"? n Wan ^Np Bnren limbic 3Nn3

'S
is

}>Ey NODI''

"MK3N1

jJL>) ^33,
in

is

raw meat which

prepared

with vinegar and spices, called

^a*c\ 62 Pes., ibid., in addition: 13 KJD^ Kin Pl3 03 Perles, JQR., N. S., Ill, 313 (in the name KY1K 'raw meat'(!) = Syr. 'umsa, 'bit'.

Arabic

D^m
of

N^n

'NH.
:

Low

and Ginzberg)

VOL.

XII.

B b

354
58.

THE JEWISH QUARTERLY REVIEW

No. 80
:

>i>33n

snu

}U3,

and

nni3, see, however,

Low,

Zeitschrift fur Assyr.,

i>33.

XXII, 79
-ira

fif.

59.
|V3
'13

No. 84:

'Bi>rn

itsb

^nn

tavi

o"n v"3

'nON
"6n3

"D

/KB

k>31KB1,

WIND IB^nn >BpD likewise F ^T3,

'-pSB
.

^in WVl

,KjmtD

S>*73

E,
[b

however, has:
an) "^b an

jb *vu
'13

ban
}B

M3n

(Nynx
K3\n

p
'13

tr^m nnn n-a

!)

Hn
jd

ban

(dittography
NB

xyiN
,, ,

trbm nna hb

^33 P k!>31NB1
Berlin,
fol.

B^m
'13

Bp 'B, likewise the

|8

Comm.
B"n
Sf"3

MS.

186 a:

K$>31K

'ion
jb ;b

'*iTWl

opD "vb jo bojn K3n

'id

/cr^m nn3 n"a

'13

'ion

wn
:

jnniBn

vtfbm

HG.,

ed. V., 131 c:

k&mm

pion
546
'd,

dyw
121
.-

ibw

'13

K^OIK IB 0^331
is

DVW

P1DKp Ol

(ed. B.,

D^ntJ> 1^X1
:

in3T, the rest

'id

missing),

likewise

miKFi
;

iWtl

^33i tfxnc

pnBx

01 ' ion onrtw

Hul. 67 b

'ixw

^33 riWD nbj?b >KB

HP

(Rashi

^0 |w6, likewise the abovefbD3

named commentary,
f^33

fol.

185a), ibid.: NTTira

also

Np
(B.,

yni
:

Np.

In the
.t-iidn

Geonim

HG.,

ed. V.,
b|DV

35 c
"ia

179)

bw nnsN
rB3n
'j?B

nsno nvo pnv i"n

Alfasi,

pmp

3-1

'bn

'KB

(similarly

Hul. Ill) nniB nsno rwa

Kb

Kin

NBby3 Niay boa

Npn
.-

torso nnas* boa

moa
nana

abi,

ed. V.,

131a

(B.,

543)

bv nnaN nniDK nana nvo 'nabm

"nb
in

boa Nb

moB
of

i6i

[ed. B. nB3i] 'ByB

nniB
b.
:

rrao
(in

Kin NBbys Nnay boa Npn KJTyai

nnaN;
ob. 63a

Tern. 31 a
nbna
baa
;

the

name

Abaye)

according to
01

RSK.

nB^N nvo

Kin KBbya Nnay

nmDK

nmoB
Jt-,

Syr.

(= Hebr.
114:
RG.
:

IT) finxit,
63 a

formavit, Arab.
has also

PSm. 640-1
bH3 Np

Audo

p"BtJ

N"D

'131

PfifOB
pib^k

rON nnaN,

Nin: tib^m
'01 mrcu.

iBibs

rraoa

boa

nnaN b3N xannN

Kau^b

POST-TALMUDIC-ARAMAIC LEXICOGRAPHY
tunnK
in
'ia

EPSTEIN

355

mo p

ona D^px prb ,fpnx

in

bl

It is also

employed

an Aramaic piyyut
juo^na
(sic
!)

Mahzor

Vitry, No. 302, p. 336:

jyaB

,Knona

^pa

,Kana j*nn ,nprea

in

iSaji

'formed'

('created').

The

explanations

No.

286,

pp. 311-12, are forced.

Otherwise

it

occurs in the Bab.

'

Talmud only
^a:).

in the

cognate meanings
Ibid.

knead, mix up

'

(mn^
in
is

E:

'13

KnTOPB

nBTRStt Tl HCna pXXO. Dfin

*3

KIWI

*3H.

This

seems to equal
;

(comp.

Anan paa

= pan),

see

Anan, .w 9
No. 141:
s

likewise uncertain
*n

Resp. anyci rnro

'oiKa,

(?

n [Dnaa])

(dsik
Ti

"PD1D KntPabo?, or

does also

=) Daw isab h*r\w ^m in Anan belong here (see

'ia

Anan, sub 17)? 60. No. 85: vwa nyatn KiniKai

NO^y r6 na'K K^on,

mfcn khivk in
b.

E want
(in
'

(F xna

k)

B. m. 84 b,
:

MS.
Kinn

Hamburg and Florence

Kttby
in
'

Margolis, Gramm.^ 52*)

' ;

rf>

nafot

kbv

he recovered

its

opposite
:

is

found

Midr. ha-Gadol, 758 (from Ket. 103 b) N'C^y TY>b wbn become weak comp. further Ber. 54 b (HG., ed. V., 11 b, Coronell and Paris, see Rabbinowicz) MSS. nvrn (lrn)
'
; : '

^lm he convalesced (comp. KTOp ^TN kdv {nK, The comm. MS. Berlin, fol. 109 a has r6 na B. b. 16 b). rrvb ("ijrco =) "iyDD nsna dn ,xn^y.
'

ttzby rv5

ZWrf.

mfc

'anmrot

nb~

Nanv, ed. Ker. 10 a:

wi pnom, F Kanux'K , E *kd Kie^ WD 3fl K, comp. in addition

rxD,

No. 97 end: vn^y naoD 'n, F: n^y naoD mn Ven. "]b NWp W. Concerning o = KD see
:

and 147
Rechts-

my

gutachten, &c,

270, further Geonica, 97

'DKI

Dnn^ xan,
a"na^

JfzV/;r.

ha-Gad., 343 (=Ber. 62

jm 50.

wo (= >n ) a): n^y wo b"t&

rrb

nnna

(ed. vs), see also above,

:

61.

No. 88

K'loa

nnunb n^ tdk td

Dipxn avn

b b 2

356
n^oa irk

THE JEWISH QUARTERLY REVIEW

i3>3ts>i

nxo nbw
rr6
"jBatyi

Ttfy

dit^ki

'13

Knaea,
""to

F: van
,

pana x"D3 .tondd

'w
x1?n

it:nd

n^

*ats&pi

am am

n*op
.Top
ed.

'12
'in

Diirvtn

E:

(fWKDO
Dti"K

n^>

Wn
of
d^idni

also

RNZB. and
;

n D"itn Men. 94 a). Read

.

wm

instead

D1PN

No. 35

In Aph., or dmn = DVix D"WiKl (see above, sub 35); No. 96: ai
CIS*
ovyi?

mrwi

'"11m

nbt6 in r*Tp ndnb nis^h ne>S3

nanv nbao,
noKD

E now
NTpn
B.
;

(F who!),

RABD. can

^ya

,na*an cites:

HG.,
626
a)
: :

ed. V., 85 a: *ro

mcraa ndid no^i (=Nprc>),

;

ed. B.,
b.

VD novo na fM* tafyn

HG.,

ed. B.,

23

nr6

nb dhi

^na

arro

(=<DnDi), ed.
;

406 (from and MSS.

HDaoi (perhaps *DBD1, as E, No. 35: tPBDW) B. k. 18 a: rra^a dimbi, Rashi: "pW> pe6 disci, read dikci Gi (DlKKH),
ed. Soncino,

Pesaro and Ven. 1521

:

DNNKH

MS.

Fl.

and

'Aruk,

s.

v. Dll

NB^3 EvinBT.
therefore at

The stem

is

any

rate

Dii,

Dl

= ^j,

as

Levy
of the
1.

and others assume, and not

suppose, Additions to Levy,

Din, as
I,

Bux^orf and Fleischer

a.
it,

560

The missing
see on

third radical does not speak against

Anan, sub

So

also the

Nahardean recension of Onkelos reads

?? for

eAA bs, DN for 'DN (comp. Berliner, Massora). Ibid.-, ne> 'ia x"V2 tvo in? insi tfoa ^n^o
ito*3Td!>i
'13

inb

?prn

lrumoi

wane

'13

vwwd^
ir6

ntn vvan^, RNZB.:

irvaii^ nci irranob na*

irp'OT'Di ircarpoi' '13

T~ns (E itmo ir6 Tmao), in^ai^ nsM '13 N*a ir6 -j-ra -jt-xi
is

nmo

in v, 3YD7l

WaiTE^?
"pn

'i3,

which
soft,

probably the correct reading,

Referring

from
64

"p,

'make

mollify'; "H.N.

now

No. 125 (= 92):

xmaa
d,

92

J^DDDDD, HG., V. 125

64a

rmr^ab aws, f n^ d^no, e jrcDOD, and ed. Hul. 18 a: DVODED D\SD may be
:
:

equal to D1ND, for D^NO, mies, occurs only in the

intr.

Kal.

11,

[Comp. however the Syr. jxool: NHN JO NpSH NTlXV, AUDO. according to which it might be permitted to assume B>1N, D1N as stem.]

POST-TALMUDIC-ARAMAIC LEXICOGRAPHY
to b. Shab. 33 b:
Ttnxnnb rib

tin xp
in

nin

EPSTEIN ma ^
by
'

357

rfb^V, in

view of THKH occurring here

rpTn,

the She.

the side of

we

are not to follow the explanation of Rashi and the

b T"Un," but translate
'

Aruk,

as: Tliy
:

it

soften

(make

fresh).

Ibid.

Tajn

Kin

x-mn

rra

NiTch

iva ^3x.

xttk^tpd,
Anan,
and

as

Knio^ on the
No. 99:

side of TD'B$>,
ITfU?.

anCD^ with

TOTD^ (see

/# 13), &c.
62.
'13

F however
'13

jfe*D

xp KH3 'ta, read with

F
x$>

una kd^.
63.

No. 90

vbx nrv v'xb

*woh kt xnm
'13

x*

hpe^

Ttp3> ino

KOT K^ave

X3"xn x3ti
'13

tnma wnnn vwavD^

'13

Stpcoi rra n**p ww,

E:

rvT

weab
:

irmni> lnroaRpb,
lPUaW36;

F: nn> n^D^
HG.,
68
:

'i3

vmkm6, RNZB.
'13

ln^nn!?
(ed. B.,

ed. V., 9 b:

Tn
in

'13

tiUW^

67

tfUW&n,

VWaw^l

ino

!),

here

She. read therefore

iru3B>7.

Concerning XEn? see above, sub 1 8. nnxi five times, 3D^ 64. No. 92
:

likewise

(F
as

erroneously

&i), ed. Hul. 17

b xnnn xn?nxi.

PL on T,

VWD, No.
X, 373.

115,

/##,:

Wa,Ma No. 159, see my remark, Jahrbuch, ''BNn Q'lab n:i3T? 1an^ N71, ed. Hul. 18 a
:

pniD xb nM n337.
in

"warVK
in

in

its

proper sense 'to be

this
'13

fit',

Syr.

frequently,

Babli

in

sense

only

nttSOM

B.

m. 89b, above: KT3

She.,
:

niB>3K7
:

N13J

nwa*6.

In the

Talmudic sense
65.

No. 127

neorvo Xp
X7
an?

No. 93

xmsox

rvnax

rmn rwsn. X7, RNZB. and

X7,

Com. MS. RNZB.: Nrvauxx

xmnD\xx
X71

by K71
K71
!).

'max

x^iidx X7

(F has unoypK

xmsx

vb, for the cancelled

xnDVEX the margin has xnunrx

WUtWK, KnaBD* = X3D^X, M3BDW 'bench'; Tamid 26b W13DXK, MS. M. and RG.
"* b
64 c

MS. Oxf.
Also
in

"|*3PI;

'Aruk has iTnB*3K.

PI.

Neo-Syr. the

M/TO

Noldeke, Ncusyr. Gramm., 137.

358

THE JEWISH QUARTERLY REVIEW

The same mistake
noo
in

Nniiuvo 'bench of stone'.

Berlin,

HG.,
n!>,

ed.

Nnaoxo

507: Nip*) NnptfON i"v Nnp'i ND3 Erub. 98 a, Sofr. 3, 16 (ntvoiodo

:"y rurM'

read

in

Yeru-

shalmi), or else

NmDVN.
bna
:

66. No. 94: ^ltata

tidn

mum

tw, F

nmm

nhd u mmrob "w wao a '13 nhd "a jd, E nnDa

:
:

nai
jo

nnoa |Q (cancelled and corrected to nH3 3!), RNZB. No. 96, E: tPHD *3N (= Ket. 61 a), F: rVHD^N; (r. HHD3).
No. 11 (= B.
/&/.:
b.

9 a)

nhd
'ia

ai

NniQ.

nnDa

nnD

*a.

rra^

Tpn
'13

nw

Saay thpin^
:

nen,

F: Nmy
Nany

lp>h

'is,

E: vip*H

nany,
(then

RNZB.
also

~)-\p^i N3~iy.

Talm.

N3~iN

'trough'

'boat'), Pes.

40b

beg.

(see below, sub 78), Syr. Nany, BB. 1549, Mishnic nany, CJINJn SPITS in print p. 37, n. 24 and p. 54, [comp.

my

n. 16.]
Ibid.-,

rib

poxoi

aw

ny

rrfc

ids n$>n

'13

tdn wy prob
F:
poyh

vyy

poN^

tdn 3wn nna

'ia

iSsn

nawai

/raty,

sioy^

tdn

(E pond) pcyo Tim

po'O also in

awi
b.

'

mry (E
b.

poiroh)
In the

n^y

fffy

citation

(E WDt6). from the Mishnah and Bar.

Shab. 108

has y:

poyi>,

pxoyo,
Syr.

nivoyno, while ed. and

have
s.v.)

N,

comp. Shab. 77

b.

Talm. poy (Levy, jsa^,

I-

[Mand. nois^

rr?XNON,

SR.

394a]Ibid.
.

'u

naca

rr6

nayo^
jso
'ia

nsn

'no

aio

ova

awn,

F:

'ia

nayo^ mb

nm
my

awn

|noi,

E: nen no.
In

|NO neut. in Syr. as well as also elsewhere in the writings

of the

Geonim

(see

Rcchtsgutachten, &c, p. 232).

:

MS. F
i-Niotr

in addition,

No. 41
61

ion ion
:

rvo-'ir
H

Jnd

i>"N,

further:

'otn ]no io man,

'yanon [nod

ao mb Tain paor,

in:

pnon JNo n^n

]Soi
Ttfy

n^o

n!>

d^o

tji,

i&v/;:

mena
rvb

pp*ra

ntao pnon

no^p
(r.

mo, and 113:

*nan *ijr6

ton

Wl

jxo 'DO

JNOO, ed. *N00).

POST-TALMUDIC-ARAMAIC LEXICOGRAPHY
Ibid.
:

EPSTEIN
Kil.,

359

TVWlb

rtb

BTPoh NmilT n^ proi>, read with

from Din, on
;

and

F
67.

onobl 'to sew',

p.

IX, 33 d:

nJKDO Birro, b.

Men. 37 b: Ncbi? n*Bm, &c.

61.
X^l

No. 96: nd^no, see above, sub

:

iWrfl

P^JJ

rPTO pID^Cl
:

T1pri

dto
died

HOn *On3

'BK1

n*d ma,

and
(inn)

RNZB.
na
'13

pan

nnpi
(pw),
(it

diipo a

non ona ^dw

n$>

tw
'n t6
jpTVi
'13
'13 'id

k*d

inSa

F:

non

enai

NO^n

n^no
64d
!).

piD'Oi

,-mp1

refers
:

accordingly to

Nnry Knxi
&6i xt?:

HG.,

ed. V., 85 c

Mtnon non *ona i^aai

:

'an do

nnpi

k*po,
dib>o,
1N$>

B.,
/ft/.

626-7
.*',

non ona i^ski

103
:

ah)

wto thdB n^pi

TlDD PW IW
fr.

*cna I^BKI

"]W

*JBO

non.

Therefore read here:

T"ID?D '311D 3^>n.

TTD^DI (|WK) *Tnpn,

Ibid.-,
'id

"pD, as Hul.

Ilia:

rwn pid^ namn, E:

np-ido Kityob
N-itro^

bon

wna, F:

spioo H-wnb nanm,

ed. V.,
8.5

RNZB.: xpnoo
1

ta*m
B.,

wpti; HG.,

b: xcrna xpniDo ntj

^ namn,

626: KB>na NpiDO

mwb
is

N3nm.

After
inf.

K"IBoi>

'to begin',

XP~ido can be nothing else but

N, see sub 61), but this

(lengthened through an

contradicted
in

see PSm.,

s. v. P^l>)

form NpliDO

by the old (Syriac, HG., which can only be

a substantive

and denote 'comb'.

Now
'

1X1

'n,

103, has

instead

'13

TOWD

pilDD *fbvnb rD"W, hence he had before

him the
Ibid.
'13

correct reading N*iC'^, from tnt?

-.

throw

'.

s3on
,

mtpto
:

wb
KttXIX

iwnopn ab rvwb

r\b

nbni
:

3i

Nippon

F and E

wrb, HG.,
:

ed. V., ibid.

wn^

p"i[B]P*on
in

paw

sn^siv, B.

ibid.

pnop'on p*i nnKtra

nrt

*n

'n:

mnwt nwn^.

nt^v
No.

pi.

nitxw (Mntmmr), as kftvt*

VKOrvm Men. 42 a
* d

(=

She.,

127),

Hebr.

wn

ITOPSt,

Syr.

RABD.

B>B:n ^J73, 20a cites:

OD3DO nnpi WTO 1X0 'O^m

'131

fcWD.

360
KTpSW
the
'

THE JEWISH QUARTERLY REVIEW

lock, ringlet
'.

*tmb

in

the ed. and

HG.

supports

pi. sn^'iiT.

[nnwxra

tm
vb"\

also Mand.,

Das

jfohannesbuch,

ed. Lidzbarski, p. 165, 2.]

Ibid.
'131

tt5
ifoy

vfai

ntD
vb)
'13

read jniap'OT
64e

^H

'13

""by

inon ab nbzzn vavyx\

E,
F,

with

and

RNZB.

wi

Nn^n, (Levy, j.z/.) Anan. Hark. 8: KH3TI, Wl, Mand. 'thong', Syr. Knajl, sjj as to (Noldeke, Maud. Gram., p. 103, comp. also 172)
("p-cn) inan.
;

wi

pi. of

T)3

has the following gloss (which

is

derived verbatim
'ON13
later,

from 'Aruk, s.v.

(read proa)

KPD,
IN

to

Hag.
feQVQ

9 a):
8np*jflD;

nyivn

'"a

pRS
'i-3

WM>m

however,
ex-

the quotation

03 NIp^yD was cancelled.

A
in
:

correct
ntat?

planation was furnished also by but RABD., /. jnop^Dl as above

;

RNZB.
c, cites

pl?n.
n!>1

"Wvpi

wn
^D

'131,

likewise

nv^m
ni3X,
(!)

'd,

Bacher, Hebr.-Pers.
:

WB.,
5

44, 5:

KMD
"ID

^y
T3K,

]wpi
'

with explanation

*U"133 a

KIpJ

stilus

quern

super crinem legant

(Bacher).

&PP Talm. 'to bind

the gloss
1
1

(vinxi), Git.

47a and Sanh. 95a (with

;rna3,
:

see
T\b

D"l)

She.,

my

Fragment, JQR.,
(comp.

9 14,

IV, 42o 20

pDDp Npi

and

42 1 2

y^.,

9 14, V, 97):

wnpi
n.
to

vinxi (see
also

*'&#.,
:

specially
is

compel'; Syr. Dop, and 18); Arab. Wi 'to bind', and 14 wind a fillet about the head, ptrcpi
probably the correct reading in P"Dp*r, mentioned

TPrQWiV\ njini 'to

or pEOp^D!

therefore

She. instead of P"lDp*D*l, which caused

before.
Ibid.
64e
65
:

xb nipn

us

ibrxi

m x^no
ibid.
:

3jx *K~n [wasyDK

w
NlfTI

Likewise cited by RABD.,

WT) nS.
Correctly 'Aruk,
bti>
s.

pVGN

really does not belong here.

:

v.

pT~QN

(probably from R. Hananel)

Nip: ""DID pC'^l DID

,

}B*SB

HDJD
7,

PH3N,

)J);j(

7 ( see Fleischer, Lev}

I,

277);

Gaon, Kel.

XXVI,

s.v.

H3Viyn, translates

[TDK

with

NnD l^y

ITCH N3PE.

POST-TALMUDIC-ARAMAIC LEXICOGRAPHY
^DS, likewise MS. Petersburg
p. 12):

EPSTEIN
III,
33 N

361

(ed.
K1,

Wilna,

poyn nna,

NTT10

33N "NinD

pa^PDN
!??N1

F: NTHD

WT3KO

nipS> (!)'*BK1,

RNZB.

;
:

(])w*na 33X; but also

RABD.
is

and

SMG.

niNlpo have ttnTiD.

Nevertheless tO'Tie 33X

probably an old error by a copyist (who had also abbreviated the She.), caused by the following 3TD HK JUWDK
:

indeed

it is

wanting

in

HG,

ed. V., 85 c
'n,

Wiata jttWDK *W

mpo^
nipoi?
.

i^rxi

mi (=B.
;

627), isn

104:

l^aai

pr6 laven
is

tarn

Besides, our She., as already indicated,

for the

considerably

abbreviated

K3T1& *T"K
N"i?2,

pMWDK
as
it

*W was originally
still

an independent 'question',
Geonica, 371: sp^dd rmpofc
'13

is

preserved in
uaa*K

ins

ny

nanao

n^o i*pdS
it

n^30

rr.

As

to

tomn

of the

MS. RNZB.,
65a

is

lessly tangled and against all the old witnesses.

hopeVTV.

1PTN1

Instead of VTT HG., ed. V., has

'

mi,

read
abra.

mi

from

Km

draw
68.

'

'

'

(of water),

flow

Targ. SCHl

No. 100:
<3'3i

n^Ds*

wn
1^

nn*wpi todni natn Kns^p pan

'aon
'13

Dim

inn yaiPD^ *yai

"ocm sna^p

,iruhai

natwi

cmnarri dmwn d^p

pni
'13

Mn
inn

a^p
'13

pm nw,

F:
;

(on the

margin yiDTi

Qffl

W31

wai)

Nwn KHB^p

HG.,

ed. V., 16 a: inn 5>W31 ' Kntwpi *TODK1 na*en NHB^p

won
II,
'in
'

Dian^ai

'ia

(=ed.

B., 643),
bt?

RNZB.
.nap

pna bwsi; Tnrni,

222: D^naK ben onps?

'3on"5iaT" wii
'.

"s^p pan.
'in

Read: (nrcn)

nam

'ia

inn ^l&yai

= DnpB>,
is

Syr. Nnat?

almond

The

error with 1

is

very old, and

mentioned

already by BB. (see Low, 374). BB. fin^H xoia n voxyrn snsin (see Low, 364)
Dia
:

won
a).

'

blossom '= p,
;

*a>a

pi.

of

Nnm

'
'

hair, small hair

(as

Shab. 67

Ibid., ed.

Wilna,

II,

117 (from

MS.

=E
hci
;

and F)
in^

*W1
ntm!

-pnon iyn

*a

-pnrvon

wi

NDmsn \rh, likewise E: a women w^pcon irb

ssa

'in

KDmen

HG.,

ed. B.

RABD.

op. at., fol.

22 a

1311.

362

THE JEWISH QUARTERLY REVIEW

;

(probably from the Hal. Pcsitkot), 643: Kirpt^M Temim No. 132, in the name of Jehudai: WptynQ; R. Jeruham, Dchn,

XXI,
stpl'td

tOD

WV2
z.

(!),

the
3

Comm. MS. RNZB. had

onan pp^Et*
7

60*PW33

D-nan nifa

la-iarvc

^n
37 b:

dipm p^pei.
100 nh. 66
jkd

On

comp. A.
:

Nimm

wiypwa

/fotf.

*ia rra

NDTififl NMiD.

Homei Swd ppS> mm The Comm. Cod. Berlin, fol.

rrnw
latter
is

vm, E:
N"JVJ>

223 a:

l"U D"'1

nenn njNM KDT1B3; the

;

also the correct

Targ. KJJp, Yerushalmi N3D and of the Yalhtt, Levy, j. z/. WD) a fence '.

explanation

kwd

(reading

'

Ibid.

-.

p*a

x^n

'id

f|&
Kpi,

Nm
E
:

'13

mn kjW nthd
^annrr,

sin

pT

Si

nM*

i^wi'D

rwwa

MS.

(see the

marginal gloss and p. 182) RNZB. and F: nrwa ^arwyi G7 is cancelled and n*n3 written over it (in F rrW3 !)
;

read

fWb ^36UTD

xpn

(rwwb bwiOT)

'

since
'

it

becomes

consumed (dry and faded) within a year HG., ed. V., Berakot 7 b (B. 56-7) nW
:

(b^rvo

= ^3),
Bjhf

as

nwb Ban

'13

WW3,

comp.

ed. V., 8 d

below (= B.

72). in the

nn name
Syr.
navj,
sy)
:

of R.
Nn-is

Ahai
(Low,

(missing in She.).
265)

Kms
;

'

is

caper- plant

P|i>tf,

NsiM

Ber.

40 b:

nma

',

Responsa, ed. Hark., No. 378 (extracted in'Aruk,

J. v.

xma ^in
Ber. 36 a:

fwtal naxj
'ia

wm
;

^H* Kin.

The Gaon
7 c

reads

also

xnynx
j.

wwn
B.. 57)

*jkmu Nrna ?"3n

ed. V.,

addition Levy,
Nrnan"

v.)

HG.,
;

ION (comp. in above >TQ

:

mm

MmvM (= ed. nnsn na (ed. B.,57

ntd
*nn

V., 8

'13

nrnai NBa!). 67a

b above: sni3 Nrni npy Further here below:

K-va pan iiidn i*D

sin

nd-du ninyn awrws

smsi
637.

66 G7

Comp. Aptowitzer, MGWJ., F has also below: '13 Wll

Berlin,
b. fol.

191

1, p.

T\"T\W (over

it:

K1W3
!

!),

likewise the
it

Comm. MS.

223 a

0^1 pi

"0X11 f>0 HTTJ'

confusing

with

pnT,
67a

Ber. 40

[See now,

J.

N. Epstein, Jahrbuch, Frankf., XII (igrS), 121.]

POST-TALMUDIC-ARAMAIC LEXICOGRAPHY
rbi!U2
'id
/.

EPSTEIN
ixb

363
xnvj

ynoi

xin

kts NnTa
/. c.

it?o

'ia

xin

nts
Krn'B

win

nn ia^s sb
;

*x.

Concerning KTTOQ and tsrw see Low,

;

f.

Responsa,

and Levy,
'

s.

v.

is

represented

in

the sequel

by

pD*msp, the

caper-blossom

',

Talm. sms,

Ber. 36 b: WVD13

DpW nBim

ms!> n^pn, according to

the reading of Rashi ('Aruk, s.v. KrVBia,

xms

Ntfjb ni^p^l
fruit

xrnsn 'the blossom of the caper-plant', or 'of the caper', which is also called xma, Ber. 36a:

of the
s|S>

WH

'yun

xmsn
69.

xnyix).

No. 102

win ^ai vin ^pn

^ai tapn&.

pan,

F:

tapjiai?

^nn

yno, margin: ^pni ^no, E: pspnn ^vai ptnn ^pno;

ed. Sch., I2 20
:

Anan,
this

K^a

also at the end of

J^iS
).

No.; Talm. N^a, Arab.

b.

JlS' (PI.

WD
'.

pi.

of

XJnD B.

89 a (here below) read with

'

line or chain of a scale

Ibid., end,
'13

and

fcttp

Tib

npi xrap Tib ^1?^

:

pJD*T
i&itf.

(F
:

p3B*T

K^a

X3p, margin after X3p

IN).

'13

x^*x

wnos

K^

and

F pcx,

likewise
is

No. 117: nj-ion xb bKWfl,

a
scribal

F pDN.
;

But BU1DM

not

error:

Onkelos and Palestinian Targ.

K31DK,
,

Yerushalmi pnDN (Dalman, 245)

i5 8
,

Anan pIDN
P"iDK.
.r 20).

(Hark., 5 16

&c.)

Geoiiica,
:

131^ W1DN, 139^

"ID^D (see

In She. also

No. 103
70.
rrriDtw

xnBx
:

xp

above,

No. 103
rra

x^ya
xin.

vinni Kin no mnoro p23 sin :"yx

In Babli also Ned.

91b: prino xjvaa (pnnD), and B. kamma 85b, according to the MS. H, R. and 'Aruk wn*U^3 rrpnm (ed. mpnm) close in, lock up Mand. pnn 'chain', Arab. Jj^*. and j;^, corresponding to
xpnrEri
' :

'.

P?n.

That

PT"in

is

'Nabatean'
Sachau, 52

is
:

borne out also by Gawallki,

o'jA*^

Al-Muarraby
J
\Sjj_jyj.

ed.

J^^*ll

j^

ial\j

Jlio (j-aIIj

(Mu'arih) JU H^b, comp. Noldeke,

85.

Maud.

Gramm., 60 and

Here belongs

also

Win

"a

(=pv*in J

364
(jfjy*?),

THE JEWISH QUARTERLY REVIEW

Men. 33b =ns?GJ> n^3 'a small block-house' outside the gate (' a watchman's hut ').
71.

No.

104: vropyB pcTrp

K3py instead of NIpJJ

iin

sin,

in^-ip^D

(F

wanting).

Naz. 39 a:
'

KMQI
s.

"SHj^y

'hair-root';

39b:
:

pfflM
'

*3pj>;
'

Hul. 52a:
as

fin

*apwi
v.)
;

'at

the root of the wings

ed.
'

(not

ends
[,
.

Levy,

Anan,
pnil

Hark., 9

Kap^ya
i.

mn

^y

,]k

pnni>

Ntaina

pnfr

at the root

',

e.

at the

bend
:

(in contrast to the ends of

the threads)
IiTsid
;

Geonica, 27
ed.
'id

njn 1i"ap*jm

p3*-)D1

MD1M1
'oyta
:

WIN

HG.,
d
:

B.,

62:

nama ^yapw Napjroi

*,
Ditto
is

ed. V., 9
*Fip''yo

'yaps Mnnon
;

ruwna pi
in

Ber. 45 b

lyapsn
:

naina
"6a

1T&

and further

She.,

No.

137

Kin

Din

Nip^yoi,

has in the text: frwa pyl, which

pnnpJflDI,
is

cancelled,

and over
P*N1
!

it

Jin^a

This

on the margin nipyei, certainly a corruption from

prrnpwi (pn^apyon) with

72.

a. 67b

No. 105: Nsvp "DI-iD^ '13 NWp diid!?, read with RNZB., E, and F KMp No. 442, E has: N3"jp nt,
;

nob, Geonica, 368: NMp and No. 162: PMJ*p IX; HG., ed.

F Kpi

V., DT,

No. 145: W"Jpl HID, 133c, above:

nniaa, 138 c:
na^
in
b.
rr&

awp
'13
'

/>ai

top

tfh

N-nm N3P sh;

'13

ibid.,

nan

siwp

^id
'

ntren

(DID

mouth

'

head

',

w:p bsntt WJp also 'piece').

xnoyn

mn

Sotah

34 b (Reifmann).

n^N S|^ n"6 Bpbtf IfPM HW ^ttTJ PJO nwb (F tfivri) pa^cjn pc ^3 t6 pnu ^y '13 pdd>. To ^BTI the Comm. MS. Berlin, fol. 239 a has ,,-iHnDa mpy ^BTI
Ibid.
:

)rb p^DD

Np

Wlltt Vina H*a

1a.
let

bwn properly 'draw, draw out, tear

:

out

'

(but

still

hang), Hul. 93 a

NTi^n
ed.

'

-.ya

testicles

67b In this

She. in Tanh.
23.

npn

WnpyDn,

Buber, 28:

lnjnpWJ-

See also Addenda, No.

POST-TALMUDIC-ARAMAIC LEXICOGRAPHY
torn

EPSTEIN

365

suspended from the body ', according to the correct explanation of Rashi (comp. yn pna S'P N7*i lruy Tin } nax). *pbc 'torn out totally', as Shab. 152a:

away but

still

KB^B> S"lp y (Kp'K)

/fotf.
:

'

castrated he-goat

',

comp. above, sub

yn,

50.

fffb

proai

kik

paayi
'*B.

mn

in?

^didi,
I,

pniT

pnrai,
yra.

margin: pD"iDD

KT3 'cut off',

Levy,

205 a

73.

No. 107 end: svcnacab

n3W36
.

inD, read

with

RNZB., E,

and

F
74.

No.

in:
F:

'n

nitna Tin

a:6

poo xpn
jjdd.

mn

isrm,

mnn

wi
ttarys
:

'ia

mn

>ae6

wn mn
is

ib\xi
ai

nowhere

except Anan, substantiated in the Bab. Talmud.

else

ed. Hark., 83, 88.

mm
KpnN

not

Ibid.

'ia

xpn\sn

nnsx

tn,

nprxn ntpsd" (E

npnm Hebr.

!),

RNZB.

apnnn rjtjm

(K^tn).

= Ki?]JTS.
:

WTN
N3TN.

with N

in

Babli only in K3TKH; HG., ed. B., 107

am
In
:

75.

No. 113: n^no

'in

-\rha

Kpnio
;

tm
,

nyu

wm.

the Bab.
'ia

Talmud only
;

-\T\bi6

or ir^KD

HG.,

ed. V., 6 d

"pann nn^si

but also

Tami d 32 b MS. Florence

(in

Margolis,

Ibid, below,

Grammatik, 37*): ?pn nn?s. F K^N J3tt3 N^ H^ND BWK p3n

:

|V3 Ni>H IX

n^ joaw
pana *6
,

ab) roia
S',

n^n

rrm>

s5n n^dHn "n e>nBa

for
'

*na

from NJDns* on cancelled; ed. V.

'

WDnK: icni

NjyT.
76.
pntron,

KJDriK

is it

established '?

'is it

true

No. 123 end: 'ia n^j pa? ny wi: patron pa, RNZB and E praon (E perhaps pn;nn ?), 'Aruk, j.

F
z/.

ru: Turn, from ma 'delay, tarry' (not from ITJ, Levy, s. v.). Mahzor Vitry, 394, cites nsma vur? jra Siddur /fyg-. Aftfz'w. D*sa NWW, Rashi, p. 100, No. 215: HtteOT
;

= H3J

XIV,
(9r//.

2, letter a: "orna "^nrf; in

TSBZ., No. 134: pann

Hayyim

D'aa

iwiw No.

pvruoi; read wan,

pnaan,

3&6
pM331.

THE JEWISH QUARTERLY REVIEW

'Aruk knows also of another passage in b. Nid. *ram nains oxtr, ed. "njEi, Rashi toi. 65 b: sta No. 126: 'ctnb jta'DTNn pjD nwo^ 'jiiotn i^dtni K3*-n 77.

'ia

jotdi
'is

n^>

pnjn,

F:
and

101
:

n^ pnjn

'rami?

panen
oir6

pas,

E:

pai

iuhbh,

RNZB.

pann xb pnsn

(OpancsH;
it),

read

JWWT
NIK*
'

with

F (RNZB.
'

probably misread
1),

from

weave, spin

(see

Anan, sub

parallel

to

tcgvvb. nnny, ruiob

78.
'13
ttp^>

IN

may.
No. 128:

Bpj.

B^

IS NHIJCH N1DV3

^301

?N1

n*a, F:

H*fi

t^pT

is*,

likewise

HG.,

ed. B., 114:

:

fNl

T3

Bpaoi

Nn3B*3 f>BQD1

(ed. V., 21 d
p!D3l

DV^r!)

Anan,
t2p3

ed. Hark., 72
&pi>

above: NaiinN

KpT
'11
a

"Blpa.

Bab.

=
*3

'gather', Ber.

44a: b^th pnv

nnna p^TN
pin
a

nin

niB>y
'13
;

mew im
:

in bi? rvb p^upjo nxn

:

iDiaa

nns
;

Shab. 142 a

DH*3 inrDprJT p^
;

>1Bai

*TB^ ironed

zW.

lWDpJ'h lnaHB^l (Rashi DBp^)

'

Pes. 40

Tfb

NBpa
' ;

"QINa .TC\x
B. mez.

picked (gathered)
:

83 b

'NBlpa

up in troughs the variant in 'Aruk ''NLJIp?) (with

it

(the wheat)

'snatched together, gathered together'

(= Dp^nn
B^JD
;

Jud. 11,

3,

Levy,

s.v.)

Yeb. 42 b
:

HJD MTU^n ^TNl

y4fo/ df /?.

Nathan, XVIII na* nB*"5p3D 'gatherer'. On the other hand Mand. mb (=Bp^) = Bab. upa 'hold, seize, take' (Noldeke,

Maud. Gramm.,
Geonim
:

p. 54, n. 1)

likewise in the writings of the

p.

Responsa, ed. Hark., No. 65,

;

30

NaNiaiD

^pbl
No. 65
:

(=: o*pri)
(I. c.)
:

No. 232,

p.

no

N'lDC*

typH

}N1D1 (n.

6
;

!)

nrn

pe&a so^jji Nnxiain noibo

:

wb
;

parh

No. 241
!

pai

w^>

wpbl ^ba

p^Bpa frequently in

No. 386 pTipbl Nin N^3 pini (n. 6 = No. 376, p. 193: INI Bab. Talmud) 68
;

nupb n3J iwb (= nopj)

68

Responsa, ed. Cassel, No. 92 end

''B'pJ! is

No. 387,

p.

202

'13

nyirX'3 p31
!

probably, as in

many

other

cases, a correction

by Harkavy

POST-TALMUDIC-ARAMAIC LEXICOGRAPHY
nnc^o
jo

EPSTEIN

367

awpn pop^n nnns aba; Responsa rma men, No.

p*TC

161: WDip disb urpfrn; Responsa

nye>,

IV, Porta 4,

No. 31

(fol.

61 b)

xnsm p
;

\:y\

nb

J*B*p^*T;

mostly responsa
I,

of Sherira
p.
1 1

Gaon

in

his

Epistle, Neubauer, Anccdota,

'ti

(MS.

II, n. 19):

tnb

wn

Kiutas

'-1

(opai

=)

upb)

z'foV/.

12: nn

Dp^ corresponds to that of (Mand.) mdtu (Bab.), vrab (Mand.) mM (Bab.), Kn!> (Mand. and Gaonic) (Bab.); but both forms have the same
The change
of cpJ
pfcn
"jn

epmm

'i nap^> an

dwd, 15: pan

lnrup^.

08 *

meanings, 'take,
the sense of
'

seize', as well as 'gather'.

',

Dp} in She. in

holding
:

No. 96

'13

'ov

opmb
;

tO'TTO *

Geonica, 370

W nn
/Wrf.
'13

' nnoi DP epao^ Nn[iVK KTn]oi

-ib>sn

No. 46

Dpreb
:

-nyno
*j

nhn

xh, and 77 KM trpT Npt. ib rm t*h ny^n )b prpp paa

:

tidk beats
in b.

mn: nn
b).
',

inM2 wwvi
Ber.
:

mo
tttn

dv (wanting
liT3M ton
3

Hul.
their

15

KU
and

in

b.

57b:

'at

j/<?/8

ibid.,

48 a

jnT iTjao pna, accord, to the reading

ed. Hark.,

of the

Geonim (Responsa,
Ill,

No. 395). 69

Syr.
-px
;

e. g.

Anecd. Syr.,
97 4 (see
79.

35 2

Tn5

op^ncn tPfn

mm
1).

Geop.,

Noldeke, Mand. Gram.,

p. xxviii. n.

No. 129

^td
rrfc

'la

nwo rww wnab to

Pers.

n^>

vmh

ppro

fWW
rma

nirnai
'

BWD^,

?mtB,

be careful',

Mand. and Syr. j**Jo, 'heedful' (see Levy, IV, 103, and

Fleischer, 228 b; Noldeke,

Mand. Gramm.,
with l
;

p.

272; PSm.
85 c
:

3241).

In

HG.

also

nVHB

HG.,

ed. V.,

nanxi

boja biaun n^
68 a

raw 'd 'Dtn ^waiBtj NPaj *nms6,

ed. B.,

627

69

See Addenda, No. 24. 'Aruk has also Ker, 3b: fli*W33 finn^ tttn,

ed.

firP3J*3K,

p"TQB>

from MSS.
70 [r.

[liT^m^
,

tU31E?D

with

HV^Bn

'D

(s.

Horowitz, MGIVJ., 45,

s.

p. 86,

No. 98)
II,

'slime', Mand.
52, n. 4.]

tW3*B>, Assyr. sikiui,

Lidzbarski, >as Johannesbuch,

368

THE JEWISH QUARTERLY REVIEW

'n,

pims&(!) /ixn
tea).

104:

noan

jo

nosy

pmnb
rvi>

rwrai ("no:

80.

No. 130:
yocn

man

nra torn twi^e

rvtn

;no *6\xn
*a ni? *arp

rrnna

wn

mm tun
Similarly

rvab xaon nb

w,

E: wot ton
:

yOB>1 (similarly
*a

RNZB.), F

(also

RNZB.

3\T)

nw
by

pinna ton yot^n ton

in

toon n^ (the 1 of yoe&i over the

line).
'

the

'

Gaonic Decrees and Documents

,

Aptowitzer (JQR., N. S., IV, 32 ff.), I 4 II 7 IX 10 8i. No. 137, read with E and F: y-M *oa
,

Sia

Wn

ton ua
82.

rpnt^oi'.

No. 139:
similarly

'13

dm nanoo
'13

ns*
e|UJ

;ni>

to

fjiDi.

bjidi

spD3^

Ker. 6 b:

3iri3a

spDl,

and

8 a:

83.

No. 143
pip*

pDjroh rrnjnma ninx^i

'13

rwjn

rvnoi^ tdni

vrnnatsa

^>xi

iota

t/'p
'13

np

xpn

serpjo
;

mnnaeaj
ed. B.,
)*pyoi

E
23

likewise:
:

nw3
t6l
'13

pDyoi,
'13

''JiBBO poy^ol
ppjwEiT,

HG.,

vmnatsa pip*
ppjn

t6i

rrnraisa

ed. V.,

2a:

Wl&ea

rvnKlBBQ.
:

Accordingly
c

we should
Aruk,
s. v.)

probably read here

'

Dpywi

(Dpy =

y?V,

see

bite the lips'

comp. Mik., VIII. 5: rwwiBP mnp.

to

If poy^o
*j3DJ

were correct

we would have
but this
is

compare

it

with DTlBSy

in Isa. 33. 19,

hardly certain.
JD*D t6l,

Ibid.:

iTn^oa mxb nh

F
h

nvoi>

(E wanting),

RNZB.
(=
of

Droi> (misread
ed.

from

Di'ob)

HG.,
;

ed. B., 24:

WD^

Da*0^>),
:

d: rv6*0 Daoa^

the

Comm. MS.
Da^o inf.

RNZB.
84.

&>"pa oaoa^> rvb *jod t^i

(see

ntap poyn).

Da, naoa.

No. 152: btntm Kian Mna^n

;

J3l

(likewise

in

the

manuscripts)
III, fol. n^p)

in the She.
:

MS.
taitpa

St. Petersburg (ed.

Wilna,

pn
70a

to""jj>a

tnam

ND3^n pi (see poyn

pi3.

nW

z'foV/.)

b. Ber.

45

a,

&c.

nan xoy *kd nn

1919, 257
f.]

70a

That

[See

now MGWJ.,

POST-TALMUDIC-ARAMAIC LEXICOGRAPHY
closing

EPSTEIN

369
in

sentence

is

preserved

once more in Hebrew

is

TnTffi, II,
p.

Hns

(surely from She., but

164: bitiwi nanu nabn pi

85.

= bmw?
"pno
!>a

^1?"}

wanting here) end, snabn pi.

'*ajc

No. 165

.-

am

ncir

'^>a

mm

"12

N^n n"x

'u
is

wn win (E
wanting
in

noiT

n?mD, F tn&V
a.

topio).

The whole
:

Ket. 106

Comp. especially Hul. 49 a

nin
'13.

ma-n
fol.

"$>a

b*td was (Sabora!)

max

'in

nna

5>kidb>

Vk
ny^

In Gaonic literature
17 b, No. 7:
3-1

we

find the pi. in addition

Pix,

(^3

=) ^a noa
I,

r6 >ya
ed. V.,

xn^o xnn
108 d cor-

nb PSO bW
rectly:

HDpj /ftter,

PBTPp,

^3 H03
'

iya; in JpllS Dip*:

^a
'

V^.
small

HBtt refers no

doubt to ^3

small

Kallas
in

'

(not

Reshe-kalle

').

'

'

great
'ia

f6a

is

mentioned

HG.
3-1

poa, ed. V., 79 a (ed. B.,

325):

Tian i-633 ps;

*w^n

id

nba
p"TC

in /Ater, nri'B', ed. V.,

29 b,

O Zarua,
this
'ia

*op

pan

iya,
I,

correctly

nyc, Porta
b.

2,

No.

6.

For

No. 724, and 'nan nb, however, R.

Samuel

Hofni Gaon gives K^a tnna.

ed. Hark.,

Adar

or Elul

Responsa,
t6a enna

No. 312
3-1

1$>KB>B>

niacin ^ya 3ns ban

ps

wyn

138 d below:

no n traann, comp. HG., ed. V., nvqtio wn low an id B*isn otto i^n
1,

nbsT NnbsD'3 (see above sub

comp. above,

p. 301).

[On the
into

other hand this

Ti3~i

i"6a

is

found also without the Metiba.

R. Sherira

in his Epistle

nan KnKJ3 ^33

iDinw TOnab

7131 r6aa &6t5W, 'probably, as suggested

Mann, JQR., 1917,

presence of
the
his residence

466, they held

this

gathering
!)

in

the

Exilarch
in

(Nni?a
'.]

cm Nvn

who must have had

it

Bagdad

Here then

to ascertain the real (etymological)

becomes absolutely necessary meaning of the word

attempts have been
but

n?3
(see

(tf?3),

about which so

many

made
all

recently

Halper

in

them hardly
VOL.
XII.

satisfactory.

of JQR., 19 14, 546), The meaning is demonstrated

C c

37
clearly
ture,

THE JEWISH QUARTERLY REVIEW

and surely
in

a passage

of the

Gaonic

litera-

which, as

usually,
it

the neglect in which

has avenged itself fearfully for was placed. Responsa, ed. Hark.,

No. 212, has nn

60
a) e>n

xi>33
!

namK instead of the Talm.

(Ket.

ma mxm
fits

Accordingly
*ba in

MS

= nvi (rfa)

'

row

',

nw,
name

which also

exclusively

pnv nyt? (^3 HDa rb lya)

'several rows'.
('

Now

the rta B>n, in accordance with his

'
'

was actually the leader of a row of ten men, see Nathan ha-Babli Ber. 57 a B>Ml (rrw)
'),
:

head of a row

r6a
as

parallel to na^ts"

BWi

Etymologically

it

belongs,

was already suggested

heretofore, to

MvS

71
;

hence N?3

literally
rfoay

py

'something round, a circle' (comp. nrVPl pmruo WD!), then the 'rows of scholars' in the Metiba
i"P3,

and the months of the

Elul

i.e.

the
filled

months Adar and up the rows and

during which the scholars

occupied their definite places (otherwise they were not

so

exact in the order of seats,

rr?32

see

Nathan

hence Talm.,
16a),

rta (B. k. 113 a), rtan

ha-Babli),

(M.

k.

nbl NnmD
xrn\
r&3
*rrr
is

(Ber. 8b), rr?3 H3DD3 (Taan. 10b),

ni?3

Gaon.
rfa.

rbzn

(Sherira),

ehm,

-nan

rbi, bbtn

Then nemN

also used

for the

more

restricted Metiba, in
'131 "31

opposition to twain, b.

Men. 82 b:

no Krains
;

ab rtaa (so Aruch, s.v.

pin,

edit.

M^aa)

further for
at

the single lecture (see below) of the

at least one
'

Resh Metiba
nns rntpy
'

which

row

'

of ten

men had

to be present, b. B. b.
"2 itan jva

12 a: nins r6aa- prima psc ^b

71

Mm
pi.

sin

Possibly the
'),

common

Arabic il5,

JJ5* ball

'

(properly

something
as the

round

Dozy,

II,

480 a below, should come in here, and

i7.

not,

lexicographers maintain (see Fleischer,

Schriften, II,

769

ff.),

a corruption

of iS, which had migrated into Turkish and

Fleischer,
/.

come back again

to the

Arabic

c).
,

It

should rather be compared with our i"P3 and placed on

'

a par with JJjft

M"93

wreath

'

',

hoop

'

(see Frankel, 62).

POST-TALMUDIC-ARAMAIC LEXICOGRAPHY

EPSTEIN
;

371
H

rwyo
'idi

(similarly

Yeb. 67 a and Zeb. 92 a

mpy
<a

'2 "b

n"X

mDp
is

sow), Suk. 26 a:

nW'

^"jn

ai

na a*yoia.72

k^d B>n
a
title

therefore, as stated above, as

which was given 72a Kjmra nilP Shemarya b. Elhanan

:

much as niTO> trxi, by Rab Sherira Gaon to Rab

B>N1

{7QR-, VI,

223),

which would correspond to Aram. "Nynrm K^a tm. Now Rab Sherira states further that the row alluded to is a 'great row among the three rows of the Yeshibah (inUDtP nb p ^1
'
'

'

raw* h?

nnwn

b6b>d nhi3

rrwa
S*TT3

b>ki^>

wmw
pX3

s6*.

ropsb

i:b)

a 'great row' N31

his

Km

is

mentioned by R. Sherira also

rV3DD
b.

in

Epistle:
I,

srQTlM 831

1B>aO

3-1

101
his
J3ai
in

(Neub.

41),

and by Rab Zemah

:

Solomon

in

responsum (Ben Chananja, IV, 141) 5l Kin *Ntwp n^na rnrao mpoa nnc (= 'id one D'aioon D'oan

Amram,
Beitrdge,

Responsa, ed.

Lyck, No. 56, see Eppenstein,

ibid.).

&c,

p. 15,

and appendix,

In the Mishnah
*Xna
nn*fl

Sanh. 37a
nns*i

we

read:

b6w

'tt

rbw

?1U

jmnao
nnvj'

ins

!>a

(before the pnnao)

Dn*3B$>

JQOT n"n
l*ao
;

^
'i

naitwon
Ill, 5
:

jo

paoiD tiod^ laixin loipo nx

Tos.

Sanh.,
nn

bw

nvw

'3

*ia

na

vw

i^y

low

mw

pi

jninao nifyi? (n>isi) pita

'id

rrctai nntyy
b.

oncy

(ed.

Zucker-

mandel

ros^Pi

onpy

^e>),

and #,
i>t?

17 b: rrew*. D*lB>y

*mm
They
'id

a*ytjn "in

rwhvn entry

nnity vbw\ ruop *nri3D 1333.

:

are mentioned also at a later date

Gen.

r.,

70.

milt? ntpiw )ba jnx

ntrta tatr nam ,pnnaD it msja ia nam omas^ Qaw one D*oan n-o^n bv\ Lev. r., 30. 11 j*y na
:

my

72

IfcO Tl

renders the Talm. r6a often by rQ*B>*

p.

26

D1yO 'L "ny*B>3

jot

,,

(nbaa
(n^DT

i>jn)

ra*2>^
;

-jb-i

Dan, 6 4

raw*

-o^a r6a
II, p.

^a^
69
:

jn3

n^

"WD)

likewise R. Natronai, Ibn Giyath,

iniN
n*>a.

pTBDO

ns

bv rn^Hi W?x bv
j-,

nawu =

tiki r6ai

Mm

72a

N y-, nn3)

th

Mann> yQff., I918, 352.]

C C 2

372
D*T!>n
'ia
'is

THE JEWISH QUARTERLY REVIEW

b& nnie> nvh&
ii>N

niaN py

fpyi 'ia

nbna
5>p
;

mruo
'a

it

inn
id

nn^
no

pawn?; Cant,

r., I,

15. 2: ^Tbn

mw
z'foV/.,

jn

i3D nnsn nnN ba Dfws&

-pnv

paw
nno>&

jnpa

n^an

IV,

4.

nyara

nosy

p*nn3D3

pw pawn

rnn

pnna m\n

bv

and

spsn

rvrw vhvytr ipnn

were
probably
'

an

essential in every great

in

Yeshibah

in Palestine as well as
'

Babylonia.

These are then no doubt 72b the three rows

'

mentioned by Sherira (na'W bw TVPWft thv), one of which was a great row (nblll nnic). They consisted (according
'

to Tosefta

and

b.

Sanh. 17
first

b, see

members.

The

row, of ten

above) oieach twenty-three members in Sura, but of

3 twenty-three in Palestine and probably also in Pumbedita? was called Nan NT7, nfcvu mw. In contrast to this the next

two, or six (which in the Yeshibah of R.

'

Huna probably were have been called nttlT va followed by several others) must small rows However, the order of seats and rows in the
'.

Gaonic Yeshibot

still

requires a thorough investigation.

A
(see

further nuance of this

meaning of
his

N^>3

'

'

circle

is

credited to Sherira
his

Gaon
*nnn

in

Epistle, ed.
urib

Lewin.

94
^ann

note)

no

n^a

ba

pan

wpn

pap
72b

prfcna

rrba

n^nio^n

msm
I,

nnn nDn NnNavio,

comp.

See

also Ginzberg, Geonica,

Additions, 207, and Marx, Z/HB.,

XIII, 72.
73

b.

B. k. 117 a speaks of seven rows in the Yeshiba of R.

is

Yohanan

(Tiberias\ the same

ten in

by Nathan ha-Babli (of Sura !), seven rows with each, which were followed, as Nathan expressly states (")NB> Dyi
told

wk

niNO 'na ant? onvabnn,

further

nnnns*

paw DH^nn
seem

bai),

by more benches, an assumption rightly made by Frumkin, in his introduction to ETlEy an -HO, I, 10, from the phrase ^1 )}2W mnN HTimN

Nina Nina n^aniNn ny.

na^E"

In Palestine, however, the rows

to

have

had twenty-three each, together therefore sixty-nine and including the

CNn

seventy (originally,
It is

it is

true, the three

rows were not included

in the seventy).

not impossible that Pumbeditha likewise had the same

arrangement.

POST-TALMUDIC-ARAMAIC LEXICOGRAPHY
to

EPSTEIN

373
1CN1

that

S.

ha-lttim,

248

nnOTfia

HTTP 3T IE

pan

p^n
ni>33

n:wn

^n
fm.
'.

(in

the explanation of

N^n KTW10)
'$>

kvpdi
'13

minn

*vn |mpB> anaoni r&3

nn

rupni rbi

nfn

*B*pn
'

rtaa

Properly

'a

cycle'

of

twenty-five

weeks,
86.

a semester

No.

168
nB>

N31U2

pa*oi>

n^ nc
:

no,

and below
DD'o
;

N31133 PBVD^
ed.
s-^jj

HG., ed. V., 30 d

"oni; D'D 'sn.

3"03

Anan,

Hark., 117:

N3TI3, Syr.

from the Pers.

f. #. 313,

Arab., */#* 'stocking, sock', see 'Aruk,

in

II,

and Fleischer
Ibid.
:

Levy,

I,

436

a.

rrb

ns? * xnnpy 3jn

'nsnb
;

i>ire^

w pn
30 d
:

|so

*jd DD'eb,

and
ed.

N"i3n

x^nt
:

HG.,

ed. V.,

byvb
xnan

N3iim sn3H3,
cited
b.

B.,

153

aiam snarA

likewise
(1)

by R. Isak Ibn Giyat. N~i3n, Syr. K13H, Mand. N"iN3n (Noldeke, Gram.,
nroN3
N3i:i
'

'darkness',
61),

p.

and

(2)

/^tf, /;w:
xyiN3 Nism

Nw:m

xvn

"inob

xnnr

rvSn

wx

5n

ndjni ndhb,
in

PSm. 1185
error,

[see

now Low,
Xo.
8.

'Lex. Miscellen

The

is

against Low no scribal

73a

Hoffmanns

Festschrift, p. 124,

but stands to the

relation as

Talm. N~on,
W2nb to
H

Mand. NlN3n, the Talm. xnnj, Mand. Kr6,

in the

same

Gaonic

see above, sub 18].

ed.

For JDO v&vb (E TOMDD),

rTONDO

nwtb, HG.,
inf.

V.

wwm
'13

|o in

N3ipy

N38DO

xi>3

byzb J>*m

xpi, ed. B.,

154:

KOK^D

X^>3.

MDWD = MMPD

(not KOKJD

Pael), N3NDO,

likewise
1.

Neo-Jud.-Aram.
in

nril^D,

Hashiloah,

XXIX,

319,

from below.
D"D

Babylonian frequently in connexion with K3NDB, once even MD^DD^, Git. 56 b KO"Dob xj?3 X3XDO in D"D ron
:

73a
:

But

also

X"On, Hor.

12

a,

likewise Ker. 5 b Fragment Schechter

5. w.

(526)

Nl^n

NrV33

X"On

also 'Aruk
:

"I3H old Edd. and njftO

?HX

91, sub -|BTI.

Anan. Hark. 77

N">3H (M1M3!1).

374 wnriN^.
Syr. C9i

THE JEWISH QUARTERLY REVIEW

It is equivalent to

pD (denom.
fNID).

of N3*D 'shoe'),

Hebr.

JKp (Isa.

9.5:

pD

was changed

in

V Babylonia to Q D with D through assimilation with the

immediately following K3KDD (but has nothing whatever in common with D/'D, D'B'), and this latter form had almost

crowded out completely the

Q-iu

original form with

b),

J,

so that

people even said NJ13BN *"D (Taan. 12

*:ma DDns, D"D

(HG. and Anan, see above).

:

Nay,
it

it

even reacted on

the substantive N3WD, remodelling

to NON'D (see above).

3

trace, however, has remained

pi., in

the

is

preserved once in
b.
,

the part,

M.

k.

24
(p.

b,

where R. Solomon
in"3NDQ

ha-Yatom
with
the

has

in

his

comm.
pbjttD
'3

112):

wsom

explanation

\fyyav

(see the note

of the

editor),

R. Hananel

do (=^55), HG., ed.

let

V., 43 a: njndd n3D1 .

87. Finally

manuscripts (a) E has

and

me F
:

state

some

peculiarities

of

the

^n

instead

of *S throughout, likewise the

Comm. MS.
a
half
writings,

Berlin, oct. 333.

The

indicates,

it

is

true,

vowel,
like
fol.

which

is

especially

frequent

in

Gaonic
Cassel,

NTt^K

(= kT*?^j

Responsa,

ed.
ed.

No.
11

91,

32 a fe), TD'N

(=1*pK, Anan,

Hark.,

bis),

and the
comp.

infinitives TtfypWD,
in

rrjQWD, &c.
:

(see

Anan,

sub

2)

addition Geonica, 34 bis

DD'aTai rpTVa

(=
a:

nD|"|S1 i"6na).
'SO,

[Here we expect, however, a long vowel, But the is no doubt a sort of Imdle (e or I
1
:

instead of the long a)

fol.

so also Responsa, ed. Cassel, No. 91,

31b:

*Jn
S"j?B>,

Kp

(in

accordance
:

with
panp
;

the

MS.

73b
!

);

Responsa
in

III, Porta IV, No. 2

and frequently

R. Hefes:
p- 355.

an,
1.

Wn, instead of
(*n). p- 402,
1.

'be

Wl, N:n, see

p.

ygA3
1.

.,

*9 X 5.
73b

24 (vn),

405,
p.

6, 7
to be

[Hence

my

remark

in the Festschrift,

Ad. Schwarz,

321,

is

corrected.]

POST-TALMUDIC-ARAMAIC LEXICOGRAPHY
(ditto), p.

EPSTEIN

375

406,

1.

8 (ditto), p. 423,

1.

17 (Wl 31) (on the side

ff.)
;

of Win, Schwarz Festschrift, p. 320

for "y3

furthermore wyn
Syr., not
*3),
bis,

(they read probably Njyn, comp.

Epistle,
I,
'

R.

Sherira's

ed.

Lewin,
the

p.

66 b and 68 b
of
iOyn,

likewise
'

Giyath,

70 (on
in

side

see

my

Rechtsgutachten
ed.
B.,

346:
ion.]

TPO

Jahrbuch, IX, 283); further HG., (fr. Kal), comp. also above sub 19

ncn =
(b)

has nrPD instead of nrvo throughout, but also

it.

NiTO on the side of

No. 55:
hob, 77
:

nn nnoo
t5*pa

Np

xn nrro nxcsi,
:

74: nrvo

:np

nTpB nd3

Kpi Kirsnn, 97

icnE^D nfra rashs?

(E: nrro V3B^ onn),

'13

115: u nno
i>yan

tntaan,

120: niro ^np

i?y3

by,

135:

'13

pN nrvo (pnom margin);

on the

side of NiTO, e.g. 104: of the

word

is

rwnpa NiTO irryiT. The etymology = N3n p, nrro = onn JO disputed, 'Aruk arra
:

Levy: n.TD
confuse
for
it

rv jo

(!)

Margolis

nrro from rwi,

mn

'be'.

But none of these

with
'

is

satisfactory.
is
'

At

all

events

we must

not

tffVD

which
this
',

Nno (Kno) from

merely written plene and stands from here so the frequent DHPB
',

Nin ntvd, as proved by a comparison with Naz. 13 b: Nrvmp irrTD dicd. Likewise in She., No. 32 KrWD
:

'13

pycp

(so also

54

),

118 F:
107 a

KfTD
is

Np^DOl }KB31

in

Git. 34 a and B.

kamma

KiTID

nothing

else but

N3HD (against Levy).

Otherwise NfVD

= ltd

(on which see

above, j# 50), the one being neut. and

fern.,

the other

masc. n.TD could then be a constr. of Nn*D (considered as

a
fern,

substantive)

like

W3.

The

writing with n in

could thus be due to a soft pronunciation of n (somewhat

like ~).
(c)

For NmiN

writes

RmK
j

throughout.

In

the

Masorah

to Targ. Onkelos xrns

designated as peculiar

376
to

THE JEWISH QUARTERLY REVIEW

Sura

and

NrniN

as

characteristic

of

Nehardea, ed.
(e.g.

Sabbionetta has xmiN,

9. 12,

but vocalized
73c
,

NrniN

Deut.

16; 11. 19, 28, &c.)

see in addition below to

still

W.

88.

Of the
In

linguistic material

preserved
:

in fragments

of

SJieeltot the following

(a)

deserve mention

my
:

Vienna fragment (JQR., IV, 420)

the MS., see

r.,
'

1.

20

'

pttCp,
{I.e.,

1.

D*t2pl (so in

JQR., V,

97)

compel

IV, n. 14 and 18), see also above sub 67.

(b)

From
(=
MD)

the Genizah fragment published

in

by Ginzberg

the

the Derasha to No. 43, Geomea, 358, must

be emphasized. Likewise 'JNT, HG., ed. B., 638 (in the rwa nwn which are probably derived from the She.) 73 In the Masorah to Onkelos in^ jkt (ed. V., 14 b ^d).
:

'1

there

is

a similar difference between the

men

of Nehardea
latter:

and those of Sura: the former have: plJDW, the

piaPS with
NjyiblS,
T

(see Berliner,

Massora),

comp.

also

Syr.

Bab. KpTTb (above, sub 59). Accordingly the pronunciation with T would have been peculiar to the

Babylonian dialect of Sura.

89.

There are furthermore a

in

series of

words which are

contained

the

HG.

in extracts

from

Sheeltot which

we

no longer possess but which no doubt belonged originally

to the Sheeltot
collection.

Such are
c

N3fc6&>

(=

ttztsbw

N^P

'tap',

Shab.

112b according
3^3; ha^K,

to
ed.

Aruk), D^n (HG.,

ed. V.,

9b

ed. B., 67:

Albeck, 55: D^3,

in

from She., No.

NtP'O? Nfcnb in,

90!), ND1N (HG., ed. B., 135: ndtn

V., 29

neinh
is

Pes.

42

a,

but

here

N1N

Nmopi more

according to correct from She.

pays
in

pays

No.
73c

74, of which traces are For NniNj

In the
e.

still

contained

nD23 pon

g.

Gen.

33. 16

38. 16

and Deut. 31. 29.

13d

ny^pn
'

'D, Bacher, Hebr.-Pcrs. IVB., 56:

nD.TlJM

"^

MD

TO3

{sufficicns est).

POST-TALMUDIC-ARAMAIC LEXICOGRAPHYs-iun

EPSTEIN nw
Tiin

377
pjyo
is*

ma limb
Kama
hot

''aw nwriai
12

n^axa iid nbyoh

n^

mm
'ok[/i

M3m] cmai iwi

p^

pm nmp
'12

'"npw^

tmp

'ia

pm

o"n

ino 'n paya paa pon mi>,

/.

lntuna "iroo hot

amp imn dk

xa-i

(according to HG.,
in

c.)

Nna?n pi HOT nnsb, likewise several words

the

She.

preserved in HG., ed.

ed. V., 8 c
;

B., 70 ('tt "pnmtb i>N"EJ "O^ TDKI), then also some words occurring in the Shee.

contained
to 33 d:

in

HG. 2W?

n'abn (ed. V., 33 b:

B.,
rT.),

'ia

layoi?

perron
(ed.

na^n pi, ed.

ed. B., 175

165

ff.)

and o"v niaSi

33 c:

V.,

35*-37b,
NJO,

as, e.g., fol.

fetBWtP,

nyiid,

NCa, N^2T,
this,

&C

All

however, belongs already to another chapter

dealing with the Halakot Gedolot.

I feel it

a pleasant duty to extend herewith

my heartiest

thanks to

Abraham
fiir

Epstein

his [V't] for

kind permission to

make
Berlin.

use of his manuscript through the intermediary of

die Wissenschaft

the Lehranstalt

des Judentums

in

Similarly

am

indebted to Dr. Aptowitzer for

ceding to
used.

me

the above-named manuscript which he had

is

My

sincere gratitude

also

due to Dr. A. Freimann

for his friendly response

and dispatch of the Cod. Merzbacher to the Lehranstalt. Finally, I wish to thank the
administration of the library of the Lehranstalt for the great

kindness shown

me

while

was engaged

in this

work.

37^

THE JEWISH QUARTERLY REVIEW

ADDENDA
(To Anan)
i.

To

the introduction.

As

an Arabism

in

Anan Har.1312

kavy considers also

fcWV?2p (as I

was

still

able to note in an

additional note), Hark., 20:

xnfynp
lates

rain

jyanatt

nM NSlDn

man

mm
'

pa

nyn ba noxi ra -vdni.

Hark, transit
'

tvxbv naiab nan with the remark that

Arab.
J^i

is

formed
'

after

before

'.

But the Aram. bap

:

before

in

a local sense

(in

Anan, Sch. 27, 14

]?V ?3p
!)

'

before our
in

eyes

')

could very well (as the Hebr. MS^

|D,

be used also

a temporal sense, comp. Targ. bap

Syr. b)ap j
in

with

Arab.

J-S

^
'.

'

before

'.

From

this

bap

the temporal

sense must have subsequently been formed the adj. NI"iv3p

'

the previous

On
inb

the other hand,

pbli

in

the sense of pbw

is

pro1BDI
in.

bably an Arabism.

Hark., 67

(=
irr?

Sch. 23, 4):

\rb

^3N

lrmstu

span M irwoh
like the 'lBD

n^'Di ik
p?2f.

ir6

p^vi
this

Hark, renders Vpy

not
fit

Talm.
I"6d.
jfLi,

But

does
jU,

in

between

and
for

It in

rather equals

which stands frequently

(Dozy,
'

the sense of 'cuire'

;

I,

843

b),

calore

assit

(Freitag)

lt*Le caro

ad

molitiem assata

Glo ssen

',

ZA IV.

pbv (Talm. and Aram. Papyri, see my likewise HG., ed. B., 59 above: 1913)
;

pStt
I,

WW,

for *pp, ed. B.,

55

(V., 7 c).

227, 12:

n^D

jwaa, 226. 5: p^p&o

[Mand. p5D, SR., K-im = t>L (Pognon,

cTw
74

Incantation, p.

an,

n. 2).]

Likewise 1TIK3 with N,

p. 62,

No. 16

n^H

J2"ip JT17

nriN2
7. 7.

'

after

'

(therefore

nnX,

not with Hark. Dlp3), as Ba. "IHN3, Dan.

POST-TALMUDIC-ARAMAIC LEXICOGRAPHY
2.

EPSTEIN

379

To No.
[To
Tin,

i, p.

236,

1.

2.

Read

p3HB> instead of RJHB>,

see above, sub 77.

3.

No. 5

(p. 237).

Furthermore,

in

a Palmyrene
I,

text NTTI
NTTl
is

= tayyaru,

see Lidzbarski, Epkemeris,

80,

where

suggested.

In the
10,

same way Noldeke,

in

letter to

me

dated December

191 4, suggests

nam

for

mm in

Land

ibid.

The verb, however, in this sense occurs also in Mandaic, SR., I, 134: Nawri wvtwrn Kp-iK d^ikwd p ">sn kvni nxnn

'came back, returned', against Brandt, Schriften, p. 138, n. 2.] K13K in the sense of 'arm' occurs 4. To K13K, sub 8.
also Ber., 60
[5.
a.

To

No.

9, p.

238,

1.

2 from below.
I,

Strike out

'

= *e

'

see also Fleischer, Kleine Schriften,

3

381.
^3

Ibid., p. 239.
Me'i'ri

in

Talmud
after

also Erub. 69 a, in accordance with

:

to

Shab. 57

a, s. v. qioi

n^aa

*a

rowa
:

mw 'ib nnm nna

WH
J.

B. m.
1BK,

30

b,
;

*Aruk (MS. Kohut)

13, r. Id,

NnD^on van
'

r. ~\5

MS. Hamburg
'

comp.

N. Epstein,
K:n

Rechts-

gutachten
3 Njn T

303

B. b. 87 a after Ibn Gedalya liobnn

mine
'n

K3*K, in Hul.
:

no a
:

the

same has:

"2
:

K3*N

(MS.
K$>1

M. and H.
nK
r.

13*K)

further in p. Hal., Ill, 59 c

pnV

3~;

p.

Ber. 6 c

rppva (Venice)

Jia

Dy

*5 tttra

3n n^,

o.
6.

To
(.w/0

No.

12.

Maybe Ma

is

after all to

be identified

with
*p^B>

B*aa,

a process followed by Harkavy, comp. p = Addenda, 1), and if so, there must have been

a vulgar
7.

^yS on
13.

the side of Arabic Lr

To No.

Responsa n"yc

ed.

Livorno exhibit KToi>

on No. 171,

like

HG.,
18.

ed. V.,

comp. also Responsa T\'W,

ina

No. 167.
8.

Da.

To No.
then',

Anan, Hark. 65:

. .

Nfl

wwn

55 on Kin Kan B>nB Kpn

.Da,

Read

D3,

Neo-Syriac o?

'thereupon,

Pers.

JZ,

Noldeke,

Ncusyr. Gram.

380
p. 166,

THE JEWISH QUARTERLY REVIEW

Mand. DNS,
1.

as SR.,

I,

390,

1.

4 from below. Johannes-

buch, p. 109,
'

6:

may

JO

X1N3NJ DND K*ltUK3 IN^J KTIt&K

together,

if

a carpenter joined

God

who

then joined the

Mand. Gram., which corresponds to our Da xn Gaonic in addition p. 205, Gaon mpn, II, 83 main n* Da pa mm, r. 55 Hark., p. 198,
carpenter together?', and D^DNH, Noldeke,
! : : ;

No. 380
'131

'"|3

T">^

Hb D3 P|M

r.

D3

Responsa

rfytP,

ND

pm

f)X1,

probably a bad emendation.

in D*7pn this

No. 23 In Anan and

:

in the

responsum

word was vocalized with a

it

pathah so as not to confound

misread
it

with the

Hebrew D? and
its fate

accordingly.
!

Yet

it

did not escape

{?s

to be

miswritten and misread

Also

occurs,

HG.,

ed. B.,

392

(from B. m. 93 b
9.

!)

'im

nj6

"fi

^2 W^.]
A.
z.

To No.

20.

To

Bt3*

3"3

in

35

b,

comp.

p.

A.

z.,

II,

41 d:
[10.

cnpn p3 pnan dtnti To No. 21. fP'x for

Lewin,
'

*jsid.

pip^s occurs also in Sherira's

pp\si (see

Epistle, ed.

p.
',

Wnp
I

note

't).

n, like-

wise Neo-Syr.
1
1
.

))

go

Noldeke, Grammatik,

p. S3-]

To
in

N"i[l]"iy

(sub 24).

abandon now

my explanation
passage,

offered

agreement with Hark.

1.

The

Anan,
^y
SJ81

Sch., p. 3,

4 reads as follows

bn $mr

K$n

3J"

newcs p3>n n[-]ny, to be read no doubt n[>]-iy.

pi.

n"jy

of NTiy, Syr. NTiy, also KTJV 'sponge, truffle',

Talm.

N*HN.
niHtJ&i

Anan's decision
d\*i3

is

against the halakah, Nid. 50 a:

jb

*myei>

pwi
kipib>

i^n:i,
ny-ir

p.

Maasr.,

I,

48 d:

nviaai pnoa
'13,

aw

yn?3

tn

nNi3n

n n^yn i^y

is
'13

comp. also Anan, Hark., 131 and 135. Hark. 3 also to be read likewise np lmac 'ontrN xbn Niny paai
:

d*w[o]

i>pB>$>

(inst.

of Niny).

Comp.
dib>d

*rJS
D.T3

A.
pN
'

z.
'i3

38 a

HG., ed.
D
,

V.,
;

r3*i3

'n,

8c above:

niNi
',

1J

l>itS*3

according to
z. s

lrvnao runt^, see A.

Anan, however, only z'foV/., and p. 41 d.

raw

N?E5>

POST-TALMUDIC-ARAMAIC LEXICOGRAPHY
12. DTisro.

EPSTEIN
nttix!' n'b

381

Anan, Hark. 25: RTPIWi b'O

jo

TDK
nra

rK3
'ID

nip^y

dwd

i3

bin nNDiaa

[D^Jxpn
it

kiw

innoi nD3 m-p

spCNt?.

Hark, corrects
is

to "liana or

SJHan?; the word, however,

explained properly by Rabbi

Bacher,

Samuel of Gurgang
Pcrsisches
'b

in his ffiWDfi 'd,

Ein Hebrdischp.

Worterbuch, Hebrew
S

division,
:

62 b

DTianD

"irams

{conficit)

&

70 b

DIIS'D

inatma DTia

'n3.

Bacher,

German
""O

division, p. 87: 'Present of jrUJOTa

(<oXW).

The

is is

either the retained prefix of the pers.

verb or else Dlia^o

the context
(J),
:

an Aramaic

infinitive.'
is

To judge from

however, DTia'D

certainly a participle

of the ithpa'al
present,

DTian?, naturally in imitation of the Persian

'b signifies in

the nvvon

'd

the 'rabbinic literature

',

Ged. (Bacher, 37) and the "idd including It is very niNia"i by Asaph (e.g. Hebr. div., 53b below). that the author included in his dicstriking, however,
also

the Hal.

tionary also

Anan's m*n

'd,

citing

it

under the same

designation as the rabbinic literature.

13.
is

[N3D.

Anan, Harkavy, 49,

1.

7:

DVO prr^y N3D. K3D

the Arabic

^jC

'

Xl'J

3CJ

pour

',

the 3 being apocopated, as in

J.

and

others, see
p. 150.

N. Epstein, Der Gaonaische

Kommcntar, &c,

In the Journal of Jezvish Lore

and Philosophy, 1,348-53,

'D
I

Mann
tains

published a fragment of Anan's niXDil

which con-

some new

lexicographical data.
:

Here

would

like

to note only the following

14. Niv.

P. 350,

11.

2-4, read

[w] (3) p"in3

p[Jp 13
ns*[3]

pop prun p*b xov3v(4) \xvh

'131.

j[na] pop
I.e.,

jrwi

^n6
RAS.)
:

N3V

is

not 'mat' (Mann,

'

n. 2),

but 'row', Nid.

NB>n

61
'131

a V4r (after /?//., see Tos. and Tos.

N2V3

p^n

'

in

a row

\tm 'n

140

bu
;

PJV3

pieiyt? Nini
1-su>
'

D"JT1N

for "SIKH

NT13, Hul. 47 a and

HG.

Arab.

row'

382
(see J.
75

THE JEWISH QUARTERLY REVIEW

N. Epstein
in

Jahrbach

d. jiid.

lit.

Ges.,

XII,

99)-

15.
1.

&rnan,

Npnnn.

P. 352,

1.

(=

Schechter, p. 29,
Npnarfc,

17):
is

>jnn N^nan^ o^s'n pa

\wp\

Schechter:

which

more

correct.

Xpnan

in the
;

Talmud means
'

'chair',

from Persian- Arabic i^&o, ^so wnan, on the other hand, might be the pi. from Nnnn from Pers.- Arab, cusi bench
'.
,

probably in the sense of pl^.]

ADDENDA
(To Sheeltot;
16.

H,

-{?,

l^K.

To No.
*Kn
;

2.
:

The

particle "| occurs in

Gaonic literature also as follows

'131

HG.,
vnscn
:

ed. V.,
;

nmy
ed. B.,

$$ b
337

jwp
wxtp;

vi?y \rb pxt? lrwa

wn

HG.,

'ni rvnx
rra

tub

*K1 nxan -Qyi

#/rf.,

#, 374

mn

sbi vra yanu>

412:

Tfro
<u

mvat

waft na

^ ion *m?;

z'foV/.,

414: Nmar rwtfi

:

No. 313

'ttl

pnv nytr, 4,
'13

Responsa Hark., wby mnK N^ nxi rraniP n^ 'ox Responsa 'ra Dbe6 *un anai onWtPi, No. 16 III, No. 33
;
:

^ ids n*;

pjdvh

rmx

i?nii

Dnbxwi.
occurs already
in

The
Mishna
;

particle

the

Aramaic
to, so ed.

of the

Ket., IV,
(M3nvn),
p.

paiwn qxt n? ana

ed.
pjn).
is

Low
in

MS. M.
Piska in

HG.,

V., 67 c (>N3nt?n)

and

the

IV, 29 a

(p3JiK>n

Moreover, that particle

Mishnic Hebrew
Ket. V,
73
:

already rendered by
:

~B>

in
;

Yeb.,

XV,

'131

*N5Wn Dk5> rb ania Nin^

bis:

yso

ni>3pn3B>

nania &?vn 3 so ed.

Lowe and

5| in

the 1XT fl might therefore be rather an Aramaism, the author

it

having derived

perhaps from the Hal. Pes., which may have had "01X1 NS!f3.

POST-TALMUDIC-ARAMAIC LEXICOGRAPHY
Yerushalmi (29
nnt*
c!,

EPSTEIN

383

also in the Baraita); Abot, IV, 13: bui

ITrfyx

sun
72
;

XW icxn, so cited in K31

B. b. 154 b:
*am*

iid ed. Friedmann,

li^,

XV,
28 b:

b nnn3P
noiK.

in

b nnnaw

and Ber.

D*TN
8.

M^
bn
'131
PIT

Indeed, already late Biblic.

Eccles.
1
i.

14:

D3P

WOK, and
!

older as icw

(=

n),

Sam.
4
:

15. 20:
DS?n

Tiycc tew taicc iw blKP 1BX1, 2 Sam.

'131

DJ

new tdwi

17.
'13
'13

K3

ww
:

To KDrw.KDWK, No. 19. 3n 31 (wowki =) icwxi "E>n

K31 iok
03
;

b. Ber.

23a, ed. V., 1520

31

Midr. Prov. 30. 33

in ni3i3

nw X
;

(Zfe*

Talmud,

II,

381)
:

'131

itn 'en

xwx
K3fi3

iion nyi

HG.

ed. B, also 112

ion

mirp 31 ncjvni
(p. 8)
'13

31; likewise DKT, ed Wilna,

ed.,
ni?y

miff 31 koivki win 31 1DK, old

;

No

II, No. 47 144: iok

;

kotiki X213 31

Ibn Giyat,
16,

I,

95
a

WJVKl

ibid.,
:

II,

97:

nbv

't3WW; #/.,

in

responsum by Hai

idtpn iiobnai.
18.

To No.
xbto
:

29.
in

As

to xrb,

comp.

in

addition

Neoin

Syriac

'for',

mountain dialects: v?D, "JwU,

:

Bothan
p. 172.

'bb, "ybb,

near Mosul

Tin, "pnn,

Noldeke, Gram.,

19.

To No.

47.

113 in the sense of 'set' (of plants)

occurs also in the Babylonian Talmud, in accordance with

a reading by the Geonim

in the

Responsa no?p n^np,

:

p. 72,

has

index of the responsa as No. 12

lot* 1DD
is

Nin3

11N3 161 insb

editions have
:

nxm,
3^

by which B.

b.

102 b

meant, where
in*3D

vfffib

T^

N^H Tatr
IfiMEn.
in

i*atn

M,

MS.

M. and H.
'12

'13

iDNC Nhl TBB^

B1$>PJ1B>,

RSBM
ny^on
'd,

njT03n

iKirn n^'Jil

hence

H3

the sense of ubp.

To
and

this category

belongs also the reading of

Bacher,

Hebr.-Pers. Wdrterbuch,
p.

Hebrew

division, p. 4, s.v. 133,

60,

1.

526: pp2B>

11133, Nid., II, 7,

and

b.

19 a 11133.

384

THE JEWISH QUARTERLY REVIEW

like the already mean Rashi) MS. Parma 11133.
' :

ppbB> in*23 would

'

set (saffron-)

edge

7C

(after

In the
light
',

first

sense of 'spread (of

fire),

burn brightly,
fol.

also in
.

Geonic Hebrew, Responsa ed. Cassel,

N3*JJ

41 b:

"TiNon irvHn

rnVD, so

MS.

(see

my

'Rechtsgutachten',

p. 241).

20.

To No.
:

50.

""NO,

""O,

in
;

the sense of

"irvo,

also

in

liO 'n 77

'131 'D

^38? n5 ia~ioS

in a

responsum by R. Jehudai,
loaaa^o no

-i"cn, II, 7
in ed.
lata

rnana

pNb ytrm D^ano

77

am

(missing
s. v.

Lyck, No. 45,

p. 18)

further, Nin

!nd,

'Aruk,

(from a responsum by R. Hai, see Geiger's Jiid. Zeit'n Na3N

in!* siii

schrift, II, 305):

z'zV/.
:

w5

vba

(in

Ibn Gama,
NPI3

irvo N^N)
;

Responsa
B.,

ed.
:

Lyck, No. 102: nd^o

as ion *no
'in

HG.,

533

N^n-p

Nm^n
in

Nino,

496

Nirro

nant bv 3n.
21.

n5, p5.

To No.

55.
'

H3

Talmudic and Gaonic

literature belongs to Syr.

p3

bore through, pierce (a barrel

:

of wine)
'*1B>1

draw

off the wine',

jjjl
;

BB. 427

mo IN

ntt IN 'S3

pT3

NannN, Arab,
o""ioa
:

the substantive NH3, Geonic NTN13,

is

Responsa

(see

above),

identical

with

Syr. NX")3

But also NJT3 (BB. 433) 'hole, opening'. (and KS"13) the form with v occurs once in the Bab. Talmud, A. z. 59 b
:

*BBH

*iy

rmn*31 'and pierces

it

until the

wine flows

off',
ltPJJ

in
'a

accordance with the right explanation of the'Aruk:

'Di p<n

DN

ltwrim

mnn

nv3 3pa. also

substantive

N-?"l^,

A.

z.

74b: VT"mK

inb

DTim

(var. in
*a?ia)',

'Aruk: Vtfbms) 'the

hole (below in the

76

wine casket,

Syr. Ksni3 n. act.

However, the ni'^OH

ecaille
tt

'D, **., p. 8, explains

pp by
'13

|NlSSflfrN flpNO,

^ lame on
77

d'ime plantc bulbeuse,

Responsa

T\

W,
ed.

No. 39

'ID
:

(NITO)

1.TO

N^N

N^HS

NnjlOP

'NO.

but

MS. D^H N =

Lyck 46

NriyO"' nsTl.

POST-TALMUDIC-ARAMAIC LEXICOGRAPHY
22.
'ttl

EPSTEIN
B.,
p.

385

To No.
JNO,

66.
:

]tib
'io

for

wo,

also in

HG.,
;

346: b"n
38 c
:

^PK

538

ynvxo ny pba jSE

Yoma

'io

]:nv -)"nt |no.

23. Nopy.

To No.

17.

In the Bab. Talmud, also B. b. 54 a

;

MS. H.
Sch. 24
:

NOp^yn pan xnaa Ninn xnx

in

Anan,

also

Anan

cnt^D

'yon

non^'x
rvb

'io

k:b$h Nop'-yb *bxoi n^p dtiuh ny

f&nn

kjbH Nop^y pa rmiro

iWpk;
(so

cm?

ipo
'101

^k xr^n
"iDn*N
;

Nnp^y ny

Responsa
see

ed. Cassel,

40 b:
',

Nnyoen Nop^y
r\2W 'n

MS.,

my

'

by R. Nissim

in

Rechtsgutachten 238) HG., quoted his nns?o to Shab. 12 (ed. Wien, 28 b)

props* ah, ed V., 21 c has

Wi p
365
:

k^n

s'op^y r6

N^y

HG., B.
;

wro

wn

xop^yo,

425
:

urn: xnbn

\n xnyns

xnp'yo ann

Responsa Hark., No. 215

'10.

^TNT NJTyo
it

nWK
jd

Nop>yo t6p vbti

Comp.

also ^opy in Syriac as

occurs in the writings

pn
ana,
i.e.
:

of the grammarians,

PSm. 2961:
#/.,

xopy

Ncnc
xnrny
'131

JD!

Mand., as in b. B. b. (see above), SR., II, 8 13

naixi

wo mpy,

37 19
;

ran'spi
is

n^ mpyn

(kjbij)

xnmy new
'.

snKOP'ji njno

sopy here
'

in opposition to

WW,
trunk
24.

like yn, B. b.

V,

4,

*&c,

the foot (lower part) of the

up ? Dp:.
1

To No.
:

78.

Dp:

in

the

sense of Dpb

occurs also in Geonica, 153

'-MP
II,

#r\2V2 iro y r\h D'p:D

'10
*12

ndo^o
^OP

Tfb

D^p:
:

edit.

A.

z.

22 a:

DV^ nan,
trpl

in

31D

299

rDB>3 in B^pl ta"HPl n3B>3

mm
"N,

Responsa
fol.

0"lDan No. 140

(= Responsa
'

n"jN5>
',

with

D\"i

96 b):

]Dp:v Mna^ffl NnyB'

are collected
Jaffa,

wrongly translated by
p.

Lewin

pxa

Nin^ m,
!

1916,

23:

nio'pno,

read:

mupi>n (msDsr.D)
25.

nrvo, nr,D.
in

To No.

86.
:

nrv occurs a

number of
anp,

times
1:

Yeb.

ed.
:

Pesaro 97 b

p3n ps Turn
;

98 a

nrvo wip, 98 b

inio nrvB >jnp

in

VOL. XII.

MS. Hamburg D d

(ed.

386

THE JEWISH QUARTERLY REVIEW

:

Goldschmidt), B. m. 30 b a^no avn nrvo ni&2, B. b. 27 b an avna nrvo ^np in the fragment to Ker., ed Schechter,
;

21 b (Sch., p. 12,

1.

25)

nono

xtpoa

'iai

node xb yanai

tij
:

KODO, read nno.

nrvo njkd ap,

Midr.

ha-Gad., ed.

Schechter, p. 346

[ADDITIONAL NOTES
a.

To

"IOW,
in

.r

'

35.

DW ( " x )

instead of

moN

is
:

found also

The Szvord of Moses,

read also
PI. ptBtn,

ed. Gaster,

XIV, 23

by 'oiN instead of the current by (no^k, 'ok, "iok) Tien,

and
of

so

we must

ibid.,

1.

9:

X'O by 'oik, instead

n^o by 'jhn.

Hil.

Re'u 121.
fol.
',

In the Responsa ed. Cassel, No. 53,

the

12

a,

below,

MS.

has (see

my

'

Rechtsgutachten
:

p.

271,
'KO
JO

which pany

escaped

me
,

at

that

time)
!

Nnana

"lOJTia

Nnxnau
b.

instead of nniKT
nvdin, sub 56.

To
:

As
ib

to xabsb NSOIN (p. 35 1, n. 56),

comp. Yelamdenu
90
b)

in 'Arttk, s. v.

nba (Grunhut,
a*TNB>a nr

D'taip'bn 'd,
bt? io-d

V,

i3iD (xvoin

=) nana

ybvn

aba
;

no

va DN, therefore a 'piece of bread', nana comp. The Sword of Moses, XVII, No. 83 pram JVJO
bizn

also

DK

mb

he>i

'i3i

n^oin by

'd*n

(r.

xaba)

xa^a

('excite'),
is

yet Nid.

31 a:

xabab antra ^B>1

:

sn^o pa.
tfoa nxoin

Doubtful

further Shab. 140 a

anon
'

a'n

mv
now

nnyo aba

Rashi
c.

Ti

nca, but
DttrTN

'

bread

would be more suitable here.

I

To
to n

(din),
is

No. 61.

believe

that

the

Talmudic DWVK
the
:

like the Syr. PlBRg, with assimilation of

,

Dlin , N>E>lin^>tWBrV N,
',

from

'

CPIB,

Syr.

make

dirty, unclean
MEfflK)

from which D1K (ND10, DNO) and B1K (Syr. could be formed again from the Ethp. D1WK, Efflnit.

POST-TALMUDIC-ARAMAIC LEXICOGRAPHY
In favour of
i?lO

EPSTEIN
E
'

387
:

stands also the reading of

35).

in

No. 35
'

B>BBW
d.

F D^lDNI (see sub To No. 84. With

:

reference to the
:

rows

in

the

Yeshibot of Palestine, see also Hul. 137 b mntc plE> ft ''111 mop y\l on special occasions even 400 new benches
;

were
e.

instituted,

comp. Ber. 28 b: ^DSD hkd

'l.

To
n,

Nian, sub 86.

The Mandaeans
is

write their N"iN3n

n.

with

which however, as usual,

(ed.

read like
b)

Pseudo-

Saadya to Ber. 59 b
instead of bflN rva(a
'

Wertheimer, 21

has

nano TQ

TTl), with the explanation:

.

note

nva

dark houses
f.

',

so likewise with n

To

pbo

cook

',

Addenda

to

Anan, No.
*'&#.,

1,
1.

p^D, pp^D
9
;

also in

77^ Stvord of Moses, XIII, 14;

XIV,

(margin:

p^o, jl*\); XIV,

17

XVIII,

4.]

D d

3 88

THE JEWISH QUARTERLY REVIEW

INDEX
xmrns, No.
48.

NHD3
(nw),

= NHD
*yan*N,

'3),

No. 66.
'yan^o,

xprnx, No. 23. NOIN, No. 89.

KXD1K, No. 56, and Add. Notes, sub.
-ibin

wo,

No.
Pl3,

12. 55,

No.

and Add. No.

2r.

(=

-nck, lies), No. 35,

a.

(tcna) N?Nia, No. 55. una, ma, No. 67.

and Add. Notes, sub

DIN, see
Dll.

ona, ty**

ma,

No.
6.

5.

T*13 (JWWfy No.

baa,
75.

XiTN, No. 27.

N3DnN(?), No. N3TN, No. 74.

No.

59.

113 3

WK,

T133N,

No.

39.

NY.3, No. 39.

rvs*

n^n, Na'w vh, l^N, No. 3.

No.

ab, No. 14.

IWIB,
wa,
I

NDH1313,

#*(/.

N3Y.3, No. 86.

"IICN, 10*K, Nos. 7

|UK,
13.

and

35.

*3D*3,

No.

64.

Da (D303), DS'O,

No. 83.
2,

tcnatnpM, No. 65. DMVK, No. 61, see

(=
No.

-|n!>),

No.

and Add.

Dll.

16.

1H5WK, see
f\ba,

*njw.
6.

oiki (Djn, Bibl. D'i), No. 38.

nyj-i,

nd^n, No.

No.

84.

NDN, KDJTK, WWMC, NO", No. 19, and Add. No. 17.
KDK, No. 30. pDK, No. 66.

Npnn, pnn, No.

39.
53.

upon, npdnh, No. an, Tan, No. 39.

mn,
10.

mn *Dt6, mna,
44.

No.

74.

NYDN, see 6WD1N.

*1DN,

n^D, No.
f3"1K,

nn, KSTnn Tin, No.

inn,
pnn,
13.

see Hnab.

K310K,
Nans',
NIT-IK,

No. 69.

nth,

nn,

p*n,

No. 66 (Talm.). No. 87 c.

No.

(im), t-pjvn, Ninette, No. 25. 113 (K-H3), No. 47, and Add.,
No.
N?a,
*J*3,

ten, No. 3. N^n, No. 21.

P^n, T>n, i3n, No. 13.
Yttn,

19.

YWn,
No.
4.

#*'</.

note.

No.

72.

(an) on,
'Nil,

Can)

}n,

No. 34.

No. 68.

POST-TALMUDIC-ARAMAIC LEXICOGRAPHY
Dll,

EPSTEIN
b.
ibid.,

389

DWK

(D"V]EN), D11D, ND110,

KTD, n.TO, No. 87

nrvo,

D1XO, Nos. 61 and 35, and Add. Notes, sub c.

ar,

nno,
25.
2f),

and

Add.

No.
'3PO

wr (=
No.

":d),

No.

-88 b.

(=

No. 87

a.

xrisn,

40.

Kpnno,

KpTTO,

'pnTO

(Syr.
51.

yiT (see

Tn), No. 47.

KpnoKo, Kpnoo), No.

KJK3pDO, see K3K3pDtt.
K3pDO, P'pDO,

Km,

-ti-in

(=
86.

>ins), -No. 41.

*,
sub

No.
<?.

and Add. Notes,

p^DO,
9.

No.

22.

Xp-IDO, KpilDO, No. 67.

n*n, No. 54.

no

(nos), No.

bwn, No. 72.

wptyo,
.

KJPptPO,

No. 68.
69.

for

(Imale)./r

f^".

wno, ^no, No.

Kn^no, No.
(mi*
7.

kbip, Knar, trans, No. 40.

Knpn>, No. 48.
-na,

= mi),
55.

pnao, No. 76.

STD, No.

52.

nna, nnax, No. 45.

KT13, see

XVQ.
No.
69.

nw, No.
op3

K313, 313, '33, No. 18 note.

(=

Dp!>),

No.

78,

and Add.

^V3

(pi.),

No.

24.

[WK3pD13j, No. 28, see K3K3pDD. Knia (nma), No. 58.

kde>3, Kisena,
jna, m>o, No. |KD, see D"D.

No.
17.

57.

km, No.

78.

s*b (nb), ^3, No. 85.

K'31D

K3*D),

No.
82.

68.

x^n

vb, n"K

xi,

see k3*k.
33.

epD,

ejIDi,

No.

Hmi>, K^nnb, No. vaatb, No. 18.

&WD$>, No.
upb

8.

KHS'D (KT33), No. 31. D^D (*3KDO), KOK'D, No. 83. DOD (DDOD), No. 26.

(= (=

op:),

No.

78.

nso
and Add.

= n3V,

No. 42.

Mih, No. 29, and Add., No. 18.

[KB
'KO),

(3pD) K3K3PDO, see K3X3pD13.

No.

66,

pnD, No. 49.

KSD1JJ (Syr.), see KSOIK.

# No.

22.

PDKB, No. 46.

by
pi.

(=k), No.

15.
2.

NTO, 'TO, TVO, DJJTOi

Swiss*

n^n soy, No.

wd, WTO,
N3Sno, see KEW.
y3TinD, see KJJ3.

No.

16.

poy, No. 66.

poy(?), No. 83.

K3py, X3p*y, No. 71, and Add.

('so), Kin 'O, vro,

mo, No. 50,

No.
opy

23.
-

and Add. No.

20.

(=rw)> No

8 3-

39Q
xnpy,

THE JEWISH QUARTERLY REVIEW

nw,
66.

No.

71.

N30p, No. 72.

N3ny, No.

onp, No. n.
68.
72.

ma
"DID

(Kaon), No. (WOp), No.

Nines, No. 39 (Talm.).

TINS,
ibid.

NT1, No. 67. Np3"?n, No. 23 (Talm.). rbz &*n, No. 85.
T1, T"1Kj No. 6r.

NTT'S, #/. (Talm.).

NDDn^s, Nmbns, No. tnns, inns, No. 79.

wtib, ntts, No. 68.
nnv, No. 21.

50.

Nn^>W, No. 1. .TW (nan?), No.

tnw, No.
N331E> (
"]B>,

68.

77.
NJ31&5>),

No. 79 note.

ltfOK>,

No.

63.

Nils, No. 27.

(nw), .TnvN, No. 20.
MVJTO{, (1)

Sj^B>,

ycj>

No. 50 and 72. (wn), No. 80.

No.

24, (2)

No.

67.

NIB', Nnt?,

NTB*B
No. 68.

(=

N"1E>),

No.

67.

NIT*

= (

wiNnx

N*m), No. (pi.), No. 50.

27.

ndsti, orn, No. 67.

eep, No. 67. Tip, No. 54 (NTVp). wvopup, No. 32.

wi (=

on), No. 87.

Nan, No. 43.

(jnV), fan,

No.

7.

INDEX TO ADDENDA
NTJN, No.
ppitf

(Anan).
10.

nn^e, nne, No. 25.

(= ppK), No. NDH'N, NOWN, No.

NTlN, see N1NTJ7. to, No. 19.

ep3

ep!?,

No.

24.

17.

N3D
pi?D,

(33D),

No. 13 (Anan). No. 1, and Add. Notes,

sub._/
N3p^?,

nxtq, No. 21. Dn (D3, D3), Dn Nn, (Anan and Geonim).

NSp^e, No.

23.

No.

NlNiy, Niny (= No. 11 (Anan).

PS, see D3.

nttj?, ntin),

nn, pa, No.

"I,
<3,

21.

(Dins) DTia^O, No. 12 (Anan).

No.

16.
5.
H

No.

p^V (=
33),

p^&),

No

(Anan).

f33

(= C

No. 6 (Anan).
24.

NDV, No. 14 (Anan).

ep^>

ep3,

No.

Nn^3p, No.
-&,
20.

(Anan).

Nr6, No. 18.

"ND,
iD,

N1H
"Ntt),

-"NO,

No.
22.

"WK, No. 16. Tin, No. 3 (Anan).

Npnnn, No. 15 (Anan).

JN

(=

No.

lo'nnn,

PJ

Epstein,

Jacob

3 9097 00018474 8 Nahum

I

1922.

Notes on poSt-Talmudic-Aramaic

"ostein, Jacob

ilahuin,

DATE DUE

PJ&OS
E67

Ostein, Jacob Nahum.

tes on post-Talmudic Aramaic lexicography.

P J 5305 E67

BRANDEIS UNIVERSITY LIBRARY