2012

Fiesta

de Santa Fe

T h e S a n Ta F e n e w M e x i c a n w w w. S a n Ta F e n e wM e x i c a n .c o M

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2012 FIESTA de SANTA FE

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2012 FIESTA de SANTA FE

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2012 Fiesta de santa Fe

Cover photo Gene Peach Cover design Deborah Villa owner robin Martin publisher Ginny Sohn editor rob Dean Editorial Creative direCtor Deborah Villa 986-3027, DVilla@SfnewMexican.coM Magazine editor craiG SMith Copy editor Pat weSt-barker advertising advertising direCtor taMara hanD 986-3007 art departMent Manager Scott fowler Dale DeforeSt, elSPeth hilbert advertising layout rick artiaGa advertising sales kaycee cantor, 995-3844 Mike floreS, 995-3840 MarGaret henkelS, 995-3820 belinDa hoSchar, 995-3844 criStina iVerSon, 995-3830 StePhanie Green, 995-3820 art trujillo, 995-3820 nationals aCCount Manager rob newlin, 505-995-3841 nationalS@SfnewMexican.coM systeMs teChnology direCtor Michael caMPbell produCtion operations direCtor al walDron assistant produCtion direCtor tiM craMer prepress Manager Dan GoMez press Manager larry Quintana paCkaging Manager brian Schultz distribution CirCulation Manager Michael reicharD distribution Coordinator caSey brewer web digital developMent Geoff GraMMer www.SantafenewMexican.coM address offiCe: 202 e. Marcy St. hours: 8 a.M.-5 P.M. MonDay-friDay advertising inforMation: 505-986-3082 delivery: 505-986-3010, 800-873-3372 for coPieS of thiS MaGazine, call 428-7645 or eMail caSeyb@SfnewMexican.coM.

Fiesta
2012 santa Fe
P u b l i s h e d s e P t. 1 , 2 0 1 2
Photos Gene Peach

inside
6 sacred promise 10 timeline: Four centuries of celebration
Photos: Royalty for the ages

Santa Fe FieSta Song

Spanish
Music by Billy Palau, spanish Lyrics by Johnny Valdes, Jr.

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Santa Fe, tus fiestas de septiembre Se celebran en la capital Con Zozobra quemando las penas Ya las fiestas van a comenzar Tus mujeres llenas de alegria Pregonando van su nuevo amor A la luz de grandes luminarias Van cantando con placer esta cancion Si Seor, como no, vamonos al vacilon A bailar y gozar de esta linda poblacion

16 Festive fashions from time gone by 18 Reconquest through relationships 20 adios, Zozobra 22 Fiesta event schedule

Santa Fe FieSta Song

English
Music by Billy Palau, english Lyrics by avalee turner

In old Santa Fe we have La Fiesta Tis the time for singing, dance and play On this day we do not take la siesta While Zozobra burns the gloom away Steel guitars are softly strumming music Seorita, come along with me Luminarias all are shining brightly At the baile, fancy costumes you will see Si Seor, como no, lets go out and have some fun And well see Santa Fe in Conquistadores way. 2012 Fiesta de santa Fe 5

Fiesta celebrates 300th anniversary

By Emily DraBanski

Keeping a promise
In this era of broken political promises, the concept of an everlasting vow is almost incomprehensible.

Yet this years Fiesta de Santa Fe and those that precede it celebrates a promise put in writing on September 16, 1712. The proclamation by General Juan Paez Hurtado called for an annual fiesta to commemorate the achievements of Don Diego de Vargas, who reclaimed the region for the Spanish crown at the behest of King Carlos II. The proclamation reflected the strong Catholic faith of de Vargas and called for vespers, a Mass, a sermon and a procession through the Plaza. At the heart of the proclamation was de Vargas religious devotion to the Virgin Mary, whose intercession he sought in his quest to recolonize Santa Fe. In 1625, Fray Alonso de Benevidez brought a statue of Mary known first as La Conquistadora and later renamed Seora Nuestra de la Paz to Santa Fe. For many of Santa Fes Catholics, this devotion to Mary, and the offering of thanks to her, are the core of the Fiesta promise. While fiesta has its roots deep in religious culture, the celebration today welcomes everyone, said Deborah A. Norris Sparks, president of Santa Fe Fiesta, Inc. We honor all the cultures that make up the rich cultural fabric of our city Native Americans, Spanish, Mexican and Anglos. Its important to keep all of our cultures alive. Fiesta [also] offers a wonderful educational opportunity, said historian Thomas E. Chvez, former director of the Palace of the Governors and a 13th-generation New Mexican. Its by studying our history that we learn more about our ancestors and ourselves. When the 1680 Pueblo Revolt led by PoPay, a Tewa religious leader from Ohkay Owingeh, drove the Spanish out of Santa Fe, many colonists fled to El Paso del Norte (present-day Jurez, Mexico). Four Spanish governors tried but were unsuccessful in reclaiming the region for Spain. De Vargas, New Mexicos 30th Spanish territorial governor, eventually made two entradas (entrances) into Santa Fe. The first 6 2012 Fiesta de santa Fe

Caballeros de DeVargas 2010

Gene Peach

September 1919 Fiesta. Presentation of the flags of the Allied Powers at Victory and Peace Festival.

Wesley Bradfield, Courtesy PalaCe of the Governors Photo arChives (nMhM/dCa), #52394

Fiesta parade, Santa Fe, New Mexico 1921.

Courtesy PalaCe of the Governors Photo arChives (nMhM/dCa), #52821

came in August, 1692. Vargas initial entry was peaceful, without much incident, state historian Rick Hendricks said. But when he returned [in 1693] with upwards of 800 people it becomes what we [historians] call a protracted period of conflict. During both entradas, de Vargas prayed to the Virgin Mary. But it wasnt until 1693 that he and his entourage brought the statue of La Conquistadora which had been rescued during the Pueblo Revolt back to Santa Fe. Hendricks, who was one of the editors of the Vargas Project (seven volumes of translated papers published by The University

of New Mexico), said he was always interested in de Vargas as a human figure. I always wondered what motivated the Spanish who came here and what they were like. He cites de Vargas drive to settle his fathers estate in Guatemala as one of the factors that brought him to the New World. Its amazing when you think about it, Hendricks said, referring first to de Vargas ocean voyage from Spain and then his travels back and forth from Mexico to Santa Fe on horseback. The 20-year research project revealed a very human side of the conquistador. We know he grieved for some time over the death of his son, Hendricks said. (De Vargas son, Juan Manuel, died on a

La Conquistadora Procession 2012

Gene PeaCh

1958 Fiesta. Left to right, Orlando Padilla, Joseph Tapia, Joseph (Joe) E. Valdes, Alex Padilla (portraying Don Diego de Vargas) and Phil Baca.

Courtesy

2012 Fiesta de santa Fe

ship coming to the New World.) The projects documents also revealed a man with strong religious devotion. De Vargas died in April 1704, and both Chvez and Hendricks suspect that there might have been an even earlier proclamation than the one recorded in 1712 calling for a commemorative fiesta, but it has not been found. Processions, Masses and vespers were common in those days. So much so, they might have happened without any comment in writing. So its unclear how many years those activities have taken place. Often those religious activities were either preceded or followed by other festivities, Hendricks said. Much of the pageantry we see in todays fiesta has its origins in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. But fiesta, itself, is always changing and evolving, Chvez added. He cites the 1883 TertioMillennial Exposition in July and August of that year, with its three days of historical re-enactments emphasizing Indian, Western and Spanish culture, as influencing the feel of contemporary Fiesta. The 1883 events were a model of a multiple-day celebration and Chvez suggested it could be why many refer to Fiesta de Santa Fe in the plural fiestas. Hendricks noted that a newspaper account first used the expression Plaza fiesta on August 23, 1904 referring to a Santa Fe Womens Board of Trade fundraiser for the public library. It was a simpler affair than todays Fiesta, Hendricks said. It was more like what wed think of as an ice cream social. It wasnt until July 4, 1911 that there would be another celebration with re-enactments. That Fourth of July event featured what was billed as a De Vargas Pageant, touted to attract tourists traveling on the railroads. It also was part of a grander scheme to have New Mexico fit in with the rest of the United States as the quest for statehood became heated. The next year, when statehood was finally achieved, a similar celebration took place. For several years after, the pageantry ceased. According to a July 31, 1916 account in The Santa Fe New Mexican, the chamber of commerce called for a revival on a stupendous scale of the DeVargas Pageant. That came about on September 11 to 13, 1919. Many other elements were gradually added, such as the Pasatiempo parade that evolved into todays Hysterical/Historical parade. Former Santa Fe mayor and former Fiesta director Joseph Joe E. Valdes, who celebrates his 82nd birthday in September, has fond 8 2012 Fiesta de santa Fe

memories of Fiesta. I always start Fiesta by going to the Friday morning Mass. Thats the official opening. And I still enjoy the parades, Valdes said in his office at Valdes Paint and Glass. You couldnt have a Fiesta like I experienced as a child. Government regulations would shut it down, he said with a hearty laugh. During the 20s and 30s, I remember the food booths were all heating food by using wood and coal stoves. You could really see the smoke. Its a wonder there wasnt a terrible fire. And in those days, folks who lived on Canyon Road would come in with their burros and horses. Theyd give us a ride for a nickel or a dime. It sure was fun. Ive always had a heartfelt feeling for Fiesta. Its in my blood, Valdes said. His brother, the late Johnny G. Valdes, wrote the Spanish lyrics to the Santa Fe Fiesta song. I also remember years ago that the more affluent would go to the Conquistadores Ball and the rest, the people, went to Baile de la Gente (the dance of the people) in front of the Palace of the Governors, Valdes said. I always remember the pet parades. But it used to be mostly full of kids and pets. Now you go and you see kids, pets, parents and grandparents. Chvez recalls portraying a friar in the Don Diego de Vargas Cuadrilla in the 80s. I have to hand it to those folks who participate. Its a lot of work, he said. As a historian, he suggested that the friars robes be blue. Also, after many years they stopped using the armor costumes, he said. Leather attire was more appropriate for the time period. For this years 300th anniversary, Norris Sparks said there will be more outreach activities by the Fiesta royalty and the mariachis than usual. Theyll be everywhere. Well be bringing Fiesta into the schools, nursing homes and detention centers, she said. We have a lot of dedicated volunteers who work all year to make Fiesta possible. And whats her favorite part of Fiesta? I get emotional when I talk about this. But Mary became really important when my son was overseas in the military. So the religious activities are important to me, she said with a catch in her throat. Its still important since he returned. And I just love going downtown and seeing everyone I know. Then she flashed a broad smile, And it just wouldnt be Fiesta without eating one of the wonderful tortilla burgers.

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2012 Fiesta de santa Fe

FIESTA TIMELINE

1919 Fiesta 1607: Santa Fe area settled. 1609-1610: Formal founding of Santa Fe; construction of Palace of the Governors begins. 1626: Padre Fray Alonso de Benevidez brings La Conquistadora, the Americas oldest Madonna, to Santa Fe from Mexico City. 1680: Pueblo Revolt. Josefa Lopez Sambrano de Grijalva removes La Conquistadora from Palace of the Governors before fleeing Santa Fe. The Madonna accompanies the Spanish colonists south to El Paso del Norte, now the El PasoCiudad Jurez area. 1692: Peaceful re-entry into Santa Fe by Don Diego De Vargas and his troops. 1704: De Vargas dies. 1712: Proclamation establishing the first Fiesta de Santa Fe. The document calls for an annual Mass and vespers, and states that someone who may be fitting should give a sermon and be paid 25 pesos for it. 1821: Santa Fe Trail opens. 1848: Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo ends Mexican War. 1854: Gadsden Purchase from Mexico sets continental U.S. borders and adds 45,000 acres to New Mexico. 1886: Blessing of St. Francis Cathedral, then under construction. 1888: Feb. 13: Death of Archbishop Lamy reported. 1897: President William McKinley appoints M.A.

1920 Fiesta Otero governor of the territory. 1898: Spanish-American War. Lt. Col. and future President Theodore Roosevelt assumes command of the volunteer cavalry regiment known as the Rough Riders, which boasts many members from New Mexico. 1902: An editorial in The New Mexican deplores citizens disparaging use of the term Mexican. If anybody is entitled to the appellation of American it is the people who are descendants of men and women who lived in New Mexico when the ancestors of the later comers were probably living in the squalor of some European hamlet or Asiatic village. 1909: Palace of the Governors receives its first renovation under the direction of Jesse Nusbaum. 1910: George Washington Armijo is elected to portray Diego de Vargas in the first De Vargas Pageant, which replaces the traditional reconquest celebration. 1911: Museum of New Mexico produces De Vargas Days, one of the first organized attempts at drawing on Santa Fes history and culture as tourist attractions. The event continues through 1913. 1912: New Mexico statehood. 1917: Museum of Fine Arts dedicated. 1919: Cols. Jose Sena and Ralph Twitchell revive a modern version of the old Fiesta. 1922: First Fiesta Melodrama: A group called Fiesta Players writes and performs The Sorcerers of Namb. Future melodramas continue sporadically

1921 Fiesta throughout the 1920s and 30s. 1923: Members of San Juan Pueblo perform the Yellow Corn Dance, Basket Dance and White Buffalo Dance at Fiesta. 1924: Artist Will Shuster first burns a puppet in his yard at Fiesta time. 1925: Creation of Spanish Colonial Arts Society. Tentative budget for this years Fiesta is $11,000, including $6,000 in ticket sales and $2,500 for underwriting housing, food and horse forage costs for Pueblo members presenting dances and craft activities. 1926: Shusters puppet is named Zozobra gloom or unease in Spanish by then-New Mexican editor Dana Johnson. Gustave Baumann helps build the effigy, but miscommunication results in a head half the size of the body. First annual Spanish Colonial Arts and Crafts exhibit held at Museum of Fine Arts in conjunction with Fiesta. 1930s: The county puts up a 44-foot pole at Marcy Park to serve as Zozobras stake. 1935: Founding of La Sociedad Folklrica to support Spanish culture, language and tradition in Santa Fe. 1938: John Gaw Meem active in efforts to recapture Fiesta spirit of the mid-1920s. 1947: Johnny Valdes Jr. and Billy Palou write the Fiesta theme song to a traditional melody. The New Mexican reports, The fine saddle and parade horses of the Saddle and Sirloin club of Kansas City drew tremendous applause from onlookers as the Kansas Citians made their impressive entrada

1949 Fiesta

1952 Fiesta

1967 Fiesta

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1926 Fiesta Theater on Saturday afternoon on the Plaza. More than 300 equestrians participated. 1940s: Zozobra shrinks to 8 feet during World War II but is dubbed Hirohitlmus after the leaders of the Axis powers. 1944: Annual Fiesta roof show at La Fonda features an active role for the 1944 Fiesta queen 1945: The New Mexican reports that due to wartime shortages, necessary explosives cant be found to send Old Man Gloom sky-high as has been the custom in past years. Though Shuster hunted high and low, the result was No soap. 1954: La Conquistadora crowned by Cardinal Francis Spellman. 1957: The New Mexican reports that heavy rainfall during Fiestas didnt dampen enthusiasm but that police arrested 11 people for public intoxication, robbery and other violations. 1958: Popular singer Genoveva Chavez makes her Fiesta debut at age 15. 1960: La Conquistadora crowned by Pope John XXIIIs apostolic representative. 1961: Fiesta Melodrama starts using original scripts written by anonymous committee, poking fun at high-profile citizens and issues. 1964: Will Shuster passes preparation and oversight of the burning of Zozobra to Kiwanis Club. 1969: Shuster dies. 1971: After Zozobra burns, youth on Plaza throw rocks at police, who respond with tear gas.

1930 Fiesta 1973: Two teenagers steal La Conquistadora from her chapel; she is later recovered unharmed. 1977: Fiesta is dubbed the Fiesta Different because the event is celebrated two weeks after Labor Day. Two of the three American Indian princesses in the Fiesta court withdraw when officials from Namb Pueblo boycott the event because the Indian vendors were asked to stay away from the Palace of the Governors during Fiesta. 1985: Santa Fe Fiesta Foundation founded to fund religious activities during Fiesta weekend. 1986: Candlelight procession to the Cross of the Martyrs canceled due to violent thunderstorm. 1987: For the first time, ground rather than aerial fireworks are used during the burning of Zozobra. 1992: Longtime Zozobra Fire Dancer Jacques Cartier dies. 1993: La Conquistadora receives the title Our Lady of Conquering Love, Queen of Peace. 1994: Cora Archuleta elected first woman president of Santa Fe Fiesta Council. 1996: First Winter Fiesta. 1997: Genoveva Chavez dies Dec. 5. 1998: New Mexicos Cuartocentenario; Zozobra burns on a Thursday rather than a Friday. Kiwanis Club reports revenues down 50 percent from previous year. 1999: Gov. Gary Johnson rescinds state workers traditional half-day Fiesta holiday. 2000: Fiesta Council bans Pet Parade participants

1938 Fiesta from throwing candy to spectators. 2001: World premiere of 57-minute Zozobra documentary shows to a packed Lensic. 2002: 290th Fiesta dedicated to Pedro RiberaOrtega. 2004: Palace of the Governors presents an exhibit of more than 100 years of Fiesta de Santa Fe, titled Santa Fe Fiesta: Faith, Fashion and Fun. 2006: The New Mexican publishes a Fiesta Scrapbook of historic photos sent in by readers. 2007: Dedication of statue of Don Diego de Vargas in Cathedral Park. 2009: New Mexicos 400th anniversary. 2010: Sept. 19: Post-Fiesta, 30 of the robes of La Conquistadora, as well as some of her crowns and jewelry, are exhibited at the Museum of Spanish Colonial Art. The New Mexican reports that Ray Valdez, producer of Zozobras burning, estimates he has packed more than $30,000 worth of wedding dresses as well as divorce settlements, photo albums, and mortgage papers into the puppets head over time. 2011: The Fiesta Melodramas title is A Corrupt Campaign Contributors Combustible Conspiracy to Trick Trepidatious Townsfolk and Take Over the Territory, or, Radio Killed the Honky-Tonk Star, or, Somethings Rotten in the Territory of New Mexico, or, A Fistful of Danish. 2012: 300th Fiesta
The New MexicaN

1980 Fiesta

1989 Fiesta

2008 Fiesta

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Jenae Monique Cisneros y Roybal

Courtesy photos

Royalty for the ages

La Reina de la Fiesta de Santa Fe and Don Diego de Vargas

Don Diego de Vargas prtrayed by Lee Anthony Garcia y Dominguez

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2012 Fiesta de santa Fe

The following merchants give a special thanks to

MICHAEL LEVY REALTY newmexico-riverfront.com 505-603-2085 THE AUTO ANGEL www.theautoangel.com 3140 Cerrillos Rd. 505-424-3899 PONCE DE LEON www.brookdaleliving.com/ponce-de-leon.aspx 640 Alta Vista St. 505-984-8422 FIRST NATIONAL BANK OF SANTA FE www.fnb-sf.com Main office on the Plaza 505-992-2000 KINGSTON RESIDENCE www.kingstonhealthcare.com 2400 Legacy Ct. 505-471-2400 MAXS BEAUTY SALON 1492 St. Francis Dr. 505-988-2085 ANDERSON MECHANICAL www.andersonmechanicalnm.com 2772 A-2 Agua Fria 505-471-2141 ACES TOWING 1708 SR502, Santa Fe 505-455-3232

The Fiesta Council The Fiesta Council

STEPHENS, A CONSIGNMENT GALLERY www.stephensconsignments.com 2701 Cerrillos Road 505-471-0802 SANTA FE HUMANE SOCIETY www.sfhumanesociety.org 100 Caja Del Rio Road 505-983-4309 COCA-COLA BOTTLING CO. OF SANTA FE 660 West San Mateo 505-983-4612 ALDEA DE SANTA FE www.aldeahoa.com 3 Nuevo Milenio 505-424-3901 BLUE CORN CAF AND BREWERY www.bluecorncafe.com 4056 Cerrillos Road #G 505-438-1800 SOUTHWESTERN EAR, NOSE AND THROAT www.southwesternent.com 1620 Hospital Drive 505-982-4848 SANTA FE AUTO SHOWCASE www.santafeautoshowcase.com 505-983-4945 EMPIRE BUILDERS SUPPLY CO. 1802 Cerrillos Road 505-982-2646

PANDORAS www.pandorasantafe.com 500 Montezuma, Suite 119 505-982-3298 RODRIGUEz RENTALS 505-473-0278 CAF PASqUALS www.pasquals.com 121 Don Gaspar Ave. 505-983-9340

Th

ADOBE INN AND STUDIOS www.adobeinnstudios.com 2907 Cerrillos Road 505-471-3000 GARRETTS DESERT INN www.garrettsdesertinn.com 311 Old Santa Fe Trail 1-800-888-2145 BOOT BARN www.bootbarn.com Santa Fe Place Mall 505-471-8775 CANYON GATE REAL ESTATE SERVICES www.cgres.com 8500 Jefferson St. NE Ste B. 505-342-2797

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1889 Ball Gown worn by Roxanne Ortega

1880 Two-piece gown owned by Cleofas Jaramillo, worn by Julia Gomez

1912 Summer lawn dress worn by Roberta Miller and Ariella Miller

Clothes make the woman

Antique garments shine a light on the past
By Craig Smith
Founded in 1935 by Cleofs Jaramillo, La Sociedad Folklrica works to preserve traditional Spanish customs, as well as the Spanish language, in modern Santa Fe. One of the organizations most popular annual events is the Exhibicion de Modas y Merienda during Fiesta a fashion show of traditional and antique clothing followed by a tea with bizcochitos and hot chocolate. This years show is at 3 p.m. Saturday, Sept. 8 at the James A. Little Theater on the campus of the New Mexico School for the Deaf. Ruth Ortega, chair of the Traje (Fashions) Committee, discussed the kinds of fashions attendees would see at this years event with me.
CS: The fashion show has had a theme each year. What is this years focus? RO: What were trying to focus on this

year is 1912, because of our [New Mexico state] centennial.

CS: What kind of look would you expect to find in 1912? RO: By that time, the bustle was going out. You dont see much with a bustle. So they are straight-lined, two-piece outfits. The colors are brighter [than in the 1800s]. Of course black is always traditional. Black was worn to a lot of social events. As a matter of fact, we have another selection were going to [present] from 1912 to possibly about 1940 a lovely collection of flapper dresses and lawn dresses. The young girls would wear them and have parasols when they went to church or promenaded around the Plaza. They are very fine cotton with a lot of lace. We have a few parasols we use in our show. CS: Are there a lot of dressy clothes in the collection? RO: We have a nice collection of

gowns worn for balls at the Palace of the Governors. Originals are the only thing we show; theyre not replicas. Some members decide to make a replica [from time to time] because we are invited once in a while to a large event where we dont want to use our [fragile] originals. The gowns are in a climate-controlled space, kept individually in boxes. We do use acid-free tissue paper [for packing] because the materials have no synthetics in them. Thats why weve been fortunate to be able to preserve them. Its just amazing, some of them dont have a single flaw. Even now, when the models pick up these dresses, the first thing we say is, Air them out. Theyve been in storage. Do not have them cleaned, do not do anything to them. You can press them very carefully, or steam them.
CS: So they were like formal evening wraps? RO: Formal wraps worn with gowns. CS: What other kinds of shawls are in the

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2012 Fiesta de santa Fe

1912 Summer lawn dress worn by Jolene Gonzales

1886 Evening wear

1886 Three 19th-century gowns

Courtesy photos

collection?
RO: We do have shawls that were worn

over heads. Theyre totally black. Those were worn by the older women [or] if there was a death in the family. They continued to wear them till they were very, very old women. They wore them everywhere. I remember as a teenager seeing them downtown. Very wonderful materials with very long black tassels, but very plain. You didnt see younger women wearing them, and certainly not to balls.
CS: Was Santa Fe isolated, fashion-wise, at

southern part of the country, one of those southern cities she traveled quite a bit, her husband was very involved in politics in the state of New Mexico. She attended an event where they were showing some of the beautiful dresses that were worn in [the past]. She came back and got some friends together and said, Lets do that.
CS: Are period clothes smaller than clothing

Details
WHAT: Exhibicion de Modas y

Merienda presented by La Sociedad Folklrica; fashion show followed by reception

WHEN: 3 p.m. Saturday, September 8 WHERE: James A. Little Theater (on

today?
RO: Absolutely. They were all very small

least in the late 1800s?

RO: No. It might take forever, but the wagons were coming from the Midwest and some of the people from back East would order their gowns direct. They would have their clothes brought in or made by seamstresses called modistas. We can see the beautiful work that these seamstresses did. A lot of it is handwork. CS: How did the Modas y Merienda custom

women, a lot of very tall women, but [with] small, slender waists. Today, many of our dresses have to be worn by teenagers starting at [age] 14 or 15. We have been very fortunate that we do find models to fit our dresses. We first work with our members and their relatives daughters granddaughters, nieces, are asked first. Then we have guest models.
CS: Do men get to take part in the program? RO: We have a great collection of mens tuxedos plus coats they would wear with a cravat. They were longer coats, very ornate, with trimming. We also have some military uniforms. We have one from the 1800s in excellent condition. We do have a lot

the campus of the New Mexico School for the Deaf), 1060 Cerrillos Road, Santa Fe
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begin?
RO: Were probably into our 75th year. Mrs. Jaramillo, the founder [of La Sociedad Folklrica], had visited somewhere in the

of trouble finding [male] models. We use junior high or lower grades of high school. Were lucky to find three or four. Again, the men were smaller boned [than now]. They were not large [but] they were tall. Last year, we had a very excellent show. We ended up with five or six young men. We couldnt fit them all with tuxedos to be escorts for our young women but we showed them the military uniforms and they loved them, so they wore them. 2012 Fiesta de santa Fe 17

The Godfather, circa 1692

How Diego de Vargas used compradazgo to reconquer and recolonize Santa Fe

By Craig Smith

Artist Julio Barreras copy of a Spanish painting of Don Diego Jos de Vargas Zapata y Luijn Ponce de Len y Contreras.

Photo Blair Clark, NMhM/DCa.

Fiesta de Santa Fe is a time to remember and celebrate the past. State Historian Rick Hendricks will do just that in a Fiesta lecture on September 5 at the New Mexico History Museum. His talk, titled I Was Godfather to Them: Diego de Vargas and the Reconquest of New Mexico, will explore how Vargas political acumen and religious faith converged to support the successful reconquest of Santa Fe in 1692-93.
What Ive chosen for my topic this year is Vargas use of compradazgo (godparenthood), said Hendricks. So well be looking at the relationships he was establishing with Pueblo leaders and their children through this idea. Basically what happened was [that] Vargas would identify the individuals in a given Pueblo he thought were the leaders, and he would stand as the godfather to their children. There were doubtless many of them, too children who had been born in the years between the Pueblo Revolt of 1680, when the Spanish left Santa Fe, and the recolonization in 1693. The Franciscans who accompanied Vargas were ready to administer the sacrament to every unbaptized child in the region from babies to teens. But Roman Catholic practice required baptismal candidates had to have at least one godparent.

So as part of this process of recolonization, Hendricks explained, [Vargas] would stand as the godfather to these children. By doing that as a good Roman Catholic, which we know that he was, he was carrying out a role that was very typical of communities in the New World, [establishing] what the anthropologists call a fictive kinship relationship, [one] thats not a blood relationship, not a marriage relationship. It was one of the glues that held Spanish communities together [and] would have been familiar to Vargas from a societal background. There was a similar custom in Pueblo culture already, Hendricks pointed out, oftentimes arising through female caregivers. So this idea of someone having a special sort of sponsorship or caregiving arrangement is something that wouldve been understandable to the Pueblo culture as well. Did he know what he was tapping into? Hendricks mused. I have no idea. It could be that he was aware that these kind of relationships existed. Did he correctly identify who the leaders of the Pueblo were? On many occasions, he probably didnt hed identify the individual who had been designated by the Pueblo to deal with outside people. But I suspect he probably wasnt connecting with the religious leaders of the community.

Rick Hendricks

Alliances critical to success

By establishing godparent relationships, and using such diplomatic tools as sharing chocolate with leaders, Vargas was

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2012 Fiesta de santa Fe

I think the case of Vargas is rare in that we have personal documents, Hendricks said. [For] almost all the other governors, we have nothing that compares to his letters home, the personal documents. In those, he shows himself to be very much a human being.
practicing one of the oldest military tactics known to humanity: divide and conquer. As Hendricks noted, He seemed to be aiding people who would ally themselves with the Spaniards, and in a sense co-opting them into that role. And then they would be used as allied troops when he confronted a group that was resistant to the Spanish. This was not unique to Spain or to Vargas. But he saw himself and we know this from [historic] documents as a latter-day Cortez [the Spanish conquistador who defeated the Aztec Empire]. This is something Cortez had done very effectively when he was battling the people of Tenochtitlan. As he was moving from the coast from Veracruz inland into the valley of Mexico, he found that subject peoples of the Aztecs were quite willing to ally themselves with the Spaniards and fight against the Aztecs. And Vargas made many references to Oate and Cortez, and saw himself somewhat as a new conquistador. It would be cynical of me to say that [compradazgo] was a tactic, Hendricks added. I really think for him it was a personal thing, and he was trying to bind these leaders that he had identified. But in terms of allies it was absolutely crucial. There werent enough soldiers on the ground for a full-scale battle. In fact, during the Reconquest, in terms of a battle, there really isnt much that happens. These strategic alliances meant bloodshed was less, and it meant it was much easier to carry it out. When Vargas came in 1692 on what we call the ceremonial reconquest, when he tooled around to all the Pueblos saying, OK, were back, swear allegiance to the king I dont think at that particular moment the Pueblos were really all that concerned. Then he comes back in 1693 with people, livestock, wagons coming back to recolonize. It becomes open resistance, a protracted war the fighting doesnt end until 1696, though its not nonstop. But it was a long period and those various alliances were very crucial to his success. A native of North Carolina, Hendricks took a B.A. in history at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, and a Ph.D. in Ibero American Studies at the University of New Mexico in Albuquerque. He also attended the University of Seville in Spain. He is a former editor of the Vargas Project at UNM, which was dedicated to transcribing, translating and annotating the governors papers, and also did scholarly work and taught at New Mexico State University. Hendricks has written or collaborated on many books and articles about the Spanish colonial period of the American Southwest and Mexico; his most recent book is New Mexico in 1801: The Priests Report, published in 2008 by Rio Grande Books.

Details
What: I Was Godfather to Them: Diego de Vargas and the Reconquest of New Mexico, the 2012 Fiesta lecture by New Mexico State Historian Rick Hendricks Where: New Mexico History When: 6 p.m. Wednesday,

Museum, 113 Lincoln Avenue, Santa Fe

September 5

Tickets: Free admission to members of the Palace Guard; $5 for nonmembers, at the door. Limited seating. For more information, call 476-5200 or visit www.museumofnewmexico.org/ calendar.php?month=09

A Mexico City rock star

Vargas public position in history is wellknown, but what about his private life? Was he a good administrator during his often up-and-down tenure? I think the case of Vargas is rare in that we have personal documents, Hendricks said. [For] almost all the other governors,

we have nothing that compares to his letters home, the personal documents. In those, he shows himself to be very much a human being. He grieves when his son dies, hes happy when his daughter marries. All the sort of things that make us human, he spells out in his writing. So we have a different view of him. He was certainty considered a good administrator in his posts before coming here. And, when word reached Mexico City that he had conquered New Mexico, they illuminated the cathedral. It was a huge deal. It was so rare for Spaniards to be driven out of an area they had been in such a long time. It wasnt unknown, but it was rare. I imagine he was a rock star of Mexico City for a while since he had pulled it off. 2012 Fiesta de santa Fe 19

Long live Zozobra!

Well, not quite
Whats almost 50 feet tall, weighs fourfifths of a ton, groans like a giant banshee and is bad news personified? Zozobra, of course the giant puppet that Santa Feans love to hate: Old Man Gloom himself. Every year on the Thursday following Labor Day, just before the Santa Fe Fiesta, the monolithic monster appears at Fort Marcy Park. As dusk begins to fall, people stream into the viewing areas to the sound of bands playing, to share a special rite of passage. In 2011, more than 23,000 people were there to see him come and go. As night begins to gather in, the beast starts to move and moan, a group of little Gloomies prance around him and a fire dancer taunts and tantalizes him. Big Zs voice grows louder, but is soon overwhelmed by the crowds murmuring chant that quickly rises to a roar: Burn him! And then, whoosh! Fireworks erupt, flames flicker and crawl up the beasts body, and Zozobra goes up in smoke and fire, screeching and bellowing to the last. And a years worth of gloom, bad luck, sorrow and unhappy memories go with him everything from paid-off mortgages and unlucky wedding dresses to bad report cards, from jewelry and photo albums to old bills. You name it, and its probably been tucked one year or another into the Gloom Box that ends up as floating ash. Zozobra got his start in 1924, when artist Will Shuster burnt a puppet called Old Man Grouch in his yard at Fiesta time. Two years later, New Mexican editor Dana Johnson came up with the name Zozobra for the creature meaning gloom or unease in Spanish and a once-private ritual began to become a public institution. Shuster kept his hand in the celebratory burning until 1964, when he passed responsibility on to the Kiwanis Club, which continues to conceptualize, make, decorate, and destroy Z-Man to this day. His ingredients include, according to zozobra. com, wire, unbleached muslin, poultry netting, wood, nails, screws, plywood, 20 2012 Fiesta de santa Fe

Details
TickeTs
the burning of Will Shusters Zozobra takes place at dusk on thursday, Sept. 6, at Fort marcy Park. tickets are available Sept. 1-3 from 9 a.m.-4 p.m. at the Zozobra booth on the Plaza, during the Fiesta Labor Day arts and Crafts Fair. they also are available Sept. 4 & 5 at offices of the State Employees Credit Union and guadalupe Credit Union, during regular business hours. all tickets sold at these outlets are $20. tickets are also available at the gate the day of event, beginning at 3 p.m. at this time only, children 42 inches tall and under are admitted for $10. all other tickets are $20. Dont forget you can ride the New mexico rain runner Express to and from Zozobra. the last train, which usually leaves downtown at 9 p.m., will be leaving at 11 p.m. the night Zozobra burns.

GeTTinG There

Buses Zozobra 2011

Natalie GuillN

pulleys, shredded paper, spray paint, duct tape and pizza pans. This year, the venerable ceremony takes place Thursday, September 6. The gates open at 3 p.m. and be warned: people dont mind queuing up early to get a frontrow place to observe Zozobras torture. Entertainment begins at 3:30 p.m. The bands performing this year include Sol Fire, La Junta, Mariachi Buenaventura and Test Tube Panda. General admission is $20 at the gate; children under 42 inches tall get in for $10. Food may be brought into the venue as well as bought from the many vendors on site. Dont forget that roads are closed within a four-block radius, so youll need to walk to the site from downtown. A parkand-ride program operates from bus line locations and the Rail Runner. For a full list of regulations and information, visit zozobra.com.
Craig Smith

Santa Fe trails will run its usual routes from Santa Fe Place into Sheridan transit Center on thursday (Sept. 6) for the burning of Zozobra. two extra buses will take passengers beginning at 5:45 p.m. from South Capitol Station, off Cordova and Pen road, to Sheridan continuously throughout the evening. South Capitol Station is the best place to park to have a free ride and no-hassle free parking. Last buses final pickup will leave Sheridan Street at 10:30 p.m. to get passengers back to South Capitol Station and Santa Fe Place. handicap parking is accessible through the entrance to the recreational Complex at magers Field at the intersection of Bishops Lodge road and artist road. Forty spaces are reserved and available on a first-come, firstserved basis. gates open at 3 p.m. any vehicle requesting handicap Parking can enter through this main gate from 3 p.m. until the road closes at 6 p.m. the vehicle must display a State of New mexico-issued handicap parking permit and everyone in the vehicle must have an event ticket.

handicap parkinG

2012 FIESTA de SANTA FE

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Official schedule
300th Fiesta de Santa Fe
through Sept. 9 Fiesta Melodrama various times, The Santa Fe Playhouse,

Historical/Hysterical Historical/Hysterical Parade Parade

DeVargas Center

Start Finish
Guadalu

Desfile de la Gente

(Desle de la Gente)

nA ven ue

142 E. DeVargas St., $20 general admission, $15 seniors/students/teachers/military, $10 Thursday and Late Night shows, call 988-4262.
Sept. 1-3 Saturday, Sunday & Monday

ova l Str eet

S an

Fiesta Fine arts and Crafts Market 9 a.m.- 5 p.m. (Labor Day Weekend),

Fran ci

Mariachi traditional Sept. 7-9 Friday, Saturday & Sunday Fine arts and Crafts Market & Food Booths Fiesta 9 a.m.-5 p.m. Santa Fe Plaza. Sept. 7 Friday pregn de la Fiesta 6 a.m. Rosario Chapel, 540 Rosario Blvd., Free. City, County and State official opening of Fiesta noon Santa Fe Plaza. entrada de don diego de Vargas 2 p.m. Santa Fe Plaza. Sept. 8 Saturday desfile de Los nios (Pet Parade) 9 a.m. around the Plaza. La Merienda (Fashion Show) 3 p.m. James A. Little Theater, New Mexico
San

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Pal ace Ave n

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Santa Fe Plaza.
Sept. 2 Sunday Mariachi extravaganza de Santa Fe 7:30 p.m. Santa Fe Opera,

Childrens Pet Parade

nt A ven u

(Desle de los Desfile de losNios) Nios

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Ave nue ton ing

Gra

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Sept. 4 tueSday Special City Council Meeting 4-6 p.m. City Council Chambers

She lby Stre et

200 Lincoln Ave.

Wa ter Stre et

Registration

Start/Finish (La Residencia Parking Lot)

Sept. 5 WedneSday Concierto de Mariachi Matinees 10 a.m. and 2 p.m. Lensic Performing Arts

Center, 211 W. San Francisco St., $5, contact Tickets Santa Fe, 988-1234.
historical Fiesta Lecture with State historian rick hendricks 6 p.m. New Mexico History Museum,

113 Lincoln Ave., free to members of Palace Guard, $5 non-members at the door. Seating is limited.

School for the Deaf, 1060 Cerrillos Road, $8 per person at the door.
gran Baile 7:30 p.m. Santa Fe Community Convention Candlelight procession to the Cross of the Martyrs
Gene Peach

Sept. 6 thurSday Burning of Zozobra 3-11 p.m. Fort Marcy Park, $20.

Center, 201 W. Marcy St., $15, contact Tickets Santa Fe, 988-1234.

Sept. 9 Sunday Solemn procession 9:30 a.m. Palace of the Governors to Cathedral

Closing Ceremonies 5:15-6 p.m. Plaza Gazebo. Mass of thanksgiving and Candlelight procession 7 p.m. Mass of Thanksgiving at the Cathedral

Basilica of St. Francis of Assisi.

Assisi.

pontifical Mass 10 a.m. Cathedral Basilica of St. Francis of

Basilica of St. Francis of Assisi, followed by the procession to the Cross of the Martyrs.

pet parade

Gene Peach

desfile de la gente (Historical/Hysterical Parade) 12:30 p.m. through downtown. See Route Map.

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2012 Fiesta de santa Fe

Cien ega

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Ote ro

Fran

Pala ce A ven ue PLA ZA oS tree t

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Linc

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301 Opera Drive, Tickets 986-5900.

Ma rcy Stre et

Pe ra lta

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Featuring quality toys and games from fair-labor manufacturers in America, Europe and ports around the world.
Monday - Thursday 10 - 5ish Friday & Saturday 10 - 5:30ish Sunday 12 - 4ish Plaza Mercado 112 W. San Francisco St. Suite 212-C 982-9373

Happy 300th Fiesta Santa Fe!

Have fun and be safe this Fiesta Season.
A special thanks to our HR Director, 2012 Fiesta President Debbie Sparks and our sta that helped put it all together.

Maria

Rustine

Diana

J es si c a

Debbie Sparks

Not just for State Employees

www.secunm.org

505-983-7328 -OR- 800-983-7328

2012 Fiesta de santa Fe 23

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2012 FIESTA de SANTA FE