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Issues, tips and examples for printing a thesis, academic publication or book

Ga naar inhoudsopgave >>>

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No difficult questions, only solutions Finishing a thesis is often a last-minute project. Sometimes PhD students even submit their files at night, at 1 minute to midnight on the last day before the deadline. Ipskamp Drukkers have ample experience here. They do not swamp graduate students with difficult technical questions, but come up with solutions. In short: A printer should apply ink not pressure, especially not on the PhD student during the final stages of work.
Jan van Maarseveen, Head of the Synthetic Organic Chemistry Department, University of AmsterdamSFlb

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Introduction

This is a revised publication of the manual on Issues surrounding the publication of theses. Ipskamp Drukkers print more than 1000 theses a year. Our expertise is at your service to ensure you prepare your thesis for publication as thoroughly as possible. A short introduction to Ipskamp Drukkers will be followed by information on the thesis printing process. A list of options follows for printing your thesis. This is followed by information on lay-out options and options for submitting the inside pages and cover of your thesis. Almost 98% of all projects are delivered as digital files with the emphasis therefore on how to deliver your documents in an acceptable file format. Finally, we provide tips on the smooth submission of files, on scanning images and on document compression. For problems when converting into an acceptable file format, please call the Ipskamp Drukkers helpdesk (+31 (0)53 - 482 62 62). At the end of the brochure we provide various examples of the types of paper on which your thesis can be printed. These examples can be used to decide which paper is best suited to your thesis, whether black-and-white or colour. We look forward to providing you with a quotation with no obligation. Please contact us through our website or by telephone at any of our offices. Ipskamp Drukkers give discounts, which could lead to considerable savings on the printing process. Please contact us for information on the various discounts available. We hope you will find these instructions useful during the final stages of your graduation or research period. Do you require further information? Please contact us at our head office in Enschede or one of our sales offices.

Enschede, November 2011

Bob Olde Hampsink www.ipskampdrukkers.nl

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References Ipskamp Drukker prints for (among others):

Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek

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Table of contents

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Ipskamp Drukkers, 1000 theses a year How to print a thesis Thesis layout Inside pages Cover Software Compressing Files FAQ & tips List of terms

7 9 13 17 21 26 36 37 39

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UITNODIGING UITNODIGING

On the interaction between tides and stratication in the Rhine ROFI On the interaction between tides and stratication in the Rhine ROFI

On the interaction between On the interaction between stratication the Rhine stratication inin the Rhine Region Region Freshwater Uitnodiging ofof Freshwater tides and stratication in tides and stratication in Inuence Inuence the Rhine Region of the Rhine Region of Voor het bijwonen van de Gerben J. de Boer openbare verdediging van Gerben J. de Boer mijn Freshwater Inuence Freshwater Inuence proefschrift op: UITNODIGING
Graag 2011 Donderdag 22Graag nodig ik ik uituit voor het januarinodig u u voor het voor het bijwonen van de bijwonen van dede openbare bijwonen van openbare om 12:30 precies in de van mijn proefschrift verdediging openbare verdediging vanverdediging van mijn proefschrift Academiezaalopop woensdag 14 januari 2009 om Aula van de januari 2009 om woensdag 14 mijn proefschrift 12:30 precies. 12:30 precies. Hieraan voorafgaand Radboud Universiteit, Hieraan voorafgaand om 12:00 om 12:00 zal ik ik een korte toelichting Comeniuslaan 2, zal een korte toelichting Molecular geven geven op mijn promotiewerk. U promotiewerk. U Nijmegen op mijnvan harte welkom op de Epidemiology of bent tevens bent tevens van harte welkom op de receptie aoop van de zitting. Staphylococcus aureusreceptie nana aoop van de zitting. Plaats van handeling is Aula Plaats van handeling is dede Aula Nasal Carriage and Wound van dede Technische Universiteit Delft, van Technische Universiteit Delft, Colonization in a Mekelweg Mekelweg 5. 5. Aansluitend Burn Centre is er een receptie

On the interaction On the interaction between tides and between tides and

Molecular Epidemiology of Staphylococus aureus Nasal Carriage and Wound Colonization in a Burn Centre A.M.D. Kooistra-Smid

Molecular Epidemiology of Staphylococcus aureus Nasal Carriage andGerbenJ.J.de Boer Wound Colonization de Boer Gerben in a Burn Centre

op donderdag 29 januari 2009 om 13.30 uur Erasmus Universiteit Complex Woudestein Senaatszaal (A gebouw) Burgemeester Oudlaan 50 Rotterdam voor route zie: www.eur.nl/adressen

g.j.deboer@tudelft.nl g.j.deboer@tudelft.nl

receptie na afloop van de promotie

Gerben J. de Boer Gerben J. de Boer

Anna Maria Dominica Kooistra-Smid m.kooistra@infectielab.nl

A.M.D. Kooistra-Smid

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Ipskamp Drukkers, 1000 theses a year

Ipskamp Drukkers have many years of experience and are specialists in the printing of academic publications. Dissertations constitute a large percentage of these publications, more than 1000 a year, from universities all over The Netherlands, from Groningen to Maastricht. What would be your reasons for commissioning Ipskamp Drukkers to print your thesis? 1.1 Price We are often asked to print volumes of 1000 units or less but larger quantities are also no problem for us. As specialists in small editions, our efficient work process is geared towards reducing production costs and project turn-round time as much as possible. This ensures low prices and fast delivery. When a group of PhD students all commission Ipskamp Drukkers to publish their thesis, a discount is given. Please contact us for further information on these discounts. 1.2 Quality Every aspect of the process is carefully monitored. Our pre-press department is equipped with stateof-the-art hardware for both the Apple Macintosh and Windows operating systems. The latest presses produce offset books, which meet the highest professional quality requirements. Digital offset printing should not be confused with printing. Digital offset printing uses real ink and the quality is almost equal to offset printing.

1.3 Checks To give you certainty your files are correct, we offer you the possibility to check your files before sending them to us. For this purpose you can use our file check tool. For more information, please contact our order managers or visit our website www.proefschriften.net. 1.4 Service, service, service Ipskamp Drukkers are known for their level of service. We are happy to make an appointment with you to talk about the printing process, either at your premises or ours. Please contact us at the head office in Enschede or at any of our sales offices for professional advice on design and layout, digital submission, paper types and colour or black-and-white printing options. You will receive free print proofs. Once we receive your order, we create a print proof of both the cover and the full set of inside pages. Besides giving advise about design and layout we can fully service you. It is also possible to apply for an ISBN through Ipskamp Drukkers. 1.5 Short delivery times Your publication will be processed and printed within 10 working days. This includes sending print proofs for approval. Really in a hurry? No problem, we also offer express-service. We can have your thesis processed and printed within a week without extra charge! Please consult our head-office or our sales-office for requirements.

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1.6 Within reach Our sales offices throughout the Netherlands are always within reach. You do not have to waste time travelling to Enschede. All arrangements are made at one of our sales offices near you! A meeting can be arranged either at your premises or at one of our offices. We can deliver your publication to any address you provide. Enschede T: +31 (0)53 - 482 62 62, F: +31 (0)53 - 482 62 70 Josink Maatweg 43 P Box 333, 7500 AH Enschede, The Netherlands .O. Amsterdam T: +31 (0)20 - 428 77 00, F: +31 (0)20 - 428 77 01 Science Park 402, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands Nijmegen T: +31 (0)24 - 360 09 58, F: +31 (0)24 - 360 09 76 Sint Annastraat 99, 6524 EK Nijmegen, The Netherlands Rotterdam T: +31 (0)10 - 467 25 39, F: +31 (0)10 - 467 53 76 Bergselaan 169b, 3037 BJ Rotterdam, The Netherlands info@ipskampdrukkers.nl www.ipskampdrukkers.nl But even when you are abroad or you havent got the time to stop by, this will not be a problem. All communication can go by phone or email. We can even send you digital proofs. 1.7 Flexibility Exceptions are the norm at Ipskamp Drukkers. A wide variety of papertypes are available for both the inside pages and the cover. We have most of the commonly used paper types in stock at our printing offices. Aside from our standard range of

paper types, we can offer all other types of paper available from the wholesaler. Please contact our sales offices to view samples. You can choose how you want your thesis to be finished: perfect bind, sewn-glued or sewn and bound. Most PhD students choose the perfect bind option because of its high quality, the price and because it is a quick option. Sewn-glued, with or without flaps, or sewn and bound with a hard cover, are other available options. 1.8 Customer satisfaction Customer satisfaction is our goal! Most PhD students select a printer for their thesis based on the experiences of their colleagues. Our wide experience with thesis printing, good price-quality ratio and the professional advice we provide make that we have printed over 1000 theses a year for many years already! 1.9 ISO & FSC-certified Ipskamp Drukkers are committed to quality and the environment. Our various ISO-certifications validate this statement. These certificates confirm that our quality, stability in the printing process and care for the environment meets the highest standards. Besides this we are FSC-certified. This ensures you that the wood which will be used for the paper for your thesis comes from ecologically responsible managed forests. 1.10 Online tool, easy cover design! No experience or access to graphic software programs like Adobe Photoshop or Indesign? No problem, you can use our online tool for free! With this tool you can easily create a perfect file for your cover, including a free bookmark. It will save you valuable time.

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How to print a thesis

Many PhD students often believe that publishing their thesis is a complex process. They often tell us they would like to receive information on the right way to layout and submit files. This section provides step-by-step information on the printing process. 2.1 Meeting We recommend you to contact one of our sales offices for an introductory meeting before commissioning the printing of your thesis. The meeting should take place about 6 to 8 weeks before submitting the files. At the meeting we discuss all options and expectations for converting your thesis into an actual book. This is also the right time to explore all options for the books layout. Of course, we can also answer your questions by phone or email. Next you will receive a quotation based on the specific requirements and wishes you have regarding the printing of your thesis. We also agree on the deadline for the delivery of your manuscript and when the book will be delivered. 2.2 Order confirmation We start processing the files as soon as we have received an order confirmation. The order confirmation will be send by email from the head office in Enschede. The order confirmation contains data regarding the date the thesis has to be delivered to the registrar, the volume of the publication, the delivery address, etc. You also indicate your final choise regarding matt or glossy laminate for the cover and the papertype. Please enter the details and return the order confirmation

by e-mail when you deliver the cover and/or bookmarker and manuscript. 2.3 Checking and submitting the files There are a number of ways to submit your final files: you can use the upload tool at our website (maximum size 40 MB), you can send them by email (maximum size 10 MB), or deliver them in person at any one of our sales offices (on a CD-ROM or USB stick). Very large files can also be placed on our FTP-server. We prefer checking the files with the file check tool since it has many advantages. We check whether the files correspond to our requirements. If not youll receive specific feedback on whats wrong and how to solve this. Based on our feedback you can adjust your files. Simple and clear file names are required to prevent misunderstandings. Files should be named thesislast name.pdf or cover-last name.zip and not thesis.pdf. 2.4 Delivery time Once we receive the documents, we usually process the files within the following turn-round times: Perfect bind: 6 working days on confirmation Sewn-glued: 8 working days on confirmation

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The mentioned turn-round times are only applicable after all files have been received, correct and complete. The delivery date will also be postponed if the author requires corrections to be made on the files. When the files and the order confirmation are received before 9:00 am on a working day, this date is deemed to be the first working day for the delivery schedule. When the files are submitted after 9:00 am, the following working day is deed to be the first day of the printing process. 2.5 Print proofs A print proof of the full set of inside pages and the cover is sent on either the second or the third working day after the files are received. Depending on the post, the customer will receive the print proofs on either the third or fourth working day. N.B.: To speed up the process you can also opt for digital proofs. This will save you 1 or 2 working days since the proofs will be sent by e-mail. The cover print proof and the bookmark is a (colour) fold-out print. To enlarge the predictability of a full colour cover, we offer you a 95% real proof. To do so, we use a print proof system that imitates the paper and print colours as accurately as possible. This print proof shows how the cover will look like once it rolls off our press. This ensures there are no surprises at the time of delivery. Please check the layout and the text of the print proof and return it by post. Print proofs of the inside pages are double-sided 600 dpi print-outs on A4 size paper. All full-colour pages are supplied as separate print proofs. The print proof includes a frame to indicate the actual size of the finished book. You can then check whether all the pages are in the right place and

whether the margins correspond to the intended layout. The frame lines are not printed in the actual printed book. We ask you to check the print proofs carefully and then return them. Please use the envelope included in the package for this purpose. All the information you may need for further communication regarding the print proofs is included on the front page. A sticker is included for you to indicate whether any corrections are required. You can also confirm the print proofs by telephone or e-mail to speed up the process. 2.6 Corrections and author corrections Any file corrections required, are made once you have received the print proofs. The delivery date will probably be postponed if corrections have to be made. We will only make corrections on the cover if you clearly indicate exactly what changes are required (if the file allows it). If you decide to make the corrections yourself, please let us know when you plan to deliver them. We would like to receive a new PDF file of all inside pages when corrections need to be made. When less than 5 pages require corrections, please let us know which pages are corrected. We will send a digital proof of the corrected files for you to check that all corrections are made. 2.7 Important dates Once you have approved the print proofs, we shall need 6 (for perfect bind books) or 8 (for sewnglued books) working days to complete the work.

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2.8 Payment A few working days after you submit the files, you will receive a pro-forma invoice. This invoice contains a short job description, the pre-calculated invoice amount and the request to deposit this amount in our bank account or giro bank account on the day the books leave our printing company. About a week after the actual delivery, you will receive the final invoice. The final amount included in this invoice may differ from the amount on the pro forma invoice. The difference may be caused by the delivery of more or fewer copies than originally agreed (see Article 13.4 of the Delivery Terms and Conditions for the Printing Industry) or pro-rata implementation of authors corrections (see Article 6.1, 6.2 and 6.3 of the Delivery Terms and Conditions for the Printing Industry).

Omslag_ Wagenaa r_337x24 0mm_128 p_100gpr int_v1.ind d 1

3-10-200 8 11:3 1:57

Boekenle

gger_Wa

genaar_v

1.indd

1 3-10-200 8 11:3 9:10

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Table 1

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Thesis layout

This section contains the layout options for your thesis. Every thesis is unique. Most theses are printed in a standard layout. The standard size, B5, is 170 x 240mm. B5 is reduced to 81% of A4. The inside pages are printed on large paper sheets, called broadsheets. In a B5 publication, 16 pages fit on a single broadsheet, 8 pages on one side (broadside) and 8 pages on the other side (back). The pages are ordered based on the imposition scheme (P12). 3.1 Printing methods There are 2 printing methods, offset printing and digital offset printing. Offset printing or offset lithography applies ink to the paper using a plate and a cloth. Digital offset (HP Indigo) printing works only with a cloth and the ink is applied to the paper at very high pressure. The starting costs are low since no expensive plates are needed. It is of great importance not to confuse digital offset with POD (printing on demand). POD doesnt use real ink but toner and this results in a substancially lower printing quality. The HP Indigo however produces offset-quality printing. The difference between offset printing and digital offset printing is flexibility. When using digital offset you can spread your full colour pages easily through the inside. You pay for each page which is in colour and are not restricted to sections as is the case with offset printing. The difference in price depends on many factors, such as volume, number of pages and the number of colour pages to be printed. With its low start-up costs, the HP Indigo is cheaper when printing lower volumes, up

to about 250 copies. The price using both printing methods is calculated with every request for a quotation. You will receive the best price! 3.2 Colour in the inside pages in case of offset printing Offset When printing multiple pages in full colour using offset printing, we recommend taking their position into account in order to keep costs down. Table 1 on page 12 shows which pages are to be printed on the same side of the broadsheet. Eight pages are printed on a single side of the broadsheet. This means that there is no difference in the costs of printing one or eight pages in full colour, as long as these are to be printed on the same side of a broadsheet. Digital offset This printing method combines digital offset with the quality of offset printing. The inside pages are printed on 320 x 460 mm sheets. At one side of the sheet the same page will be printed twice. Because of this it doesnt matter where the colour pages are placed. You will pay for each colour page.

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3.3 Type of binding We offer a selection of binding methodes: perfect bind, sewn-glued or sewn and bound. Most PhD students choose the perfect bind option because of its high quality, the price and because it is a quick option. Sewn-glued, with or without flaps, or sewn and bound with a hard cover, are other options available. Broadsheets are folded into quires, which are then sorted or collected. This only applies on offset printing. With the perfect bind method, the spine (the back of the paper) is clean-cut or milled off to create a flat surface that can be glued to the cover. With the sewn-glued method, the quires are first sewn and then glued to the cover. With sewn and bound, the quires are first sewn and then glued to a strip of book- binding cloth, which is then glued to the hard cover. The binding is selected based on a number of factors. First, the used printing method influences the binding method to be used. Digital offset printing cant be combined with sewn-glued binding, so perfect bind will have to be the chosen binding method. If you want more strength for your thesis, you can choose Pur-binding. Second, the production time for sewn-glued books is 2

days longer than for perfect bind books. The price is also different. Perfect bind is cheaper, especially for small editions. The type of paper used is also a factor when deciding on the binding method. Machine-coated paper (100-gram matt, machinecoated) can only be used in combination with the sewn-glued finish. Also the lifecycle of your thesis is important. Sewn-glued books have the longest lifecycle. 3.4 Paper types inside pages A few samples of paper types are included at the back of this booklet. Selection of the paper type is based on personal choice and printing method. These standard types of paper do not differ greatly in price. We have the most common types of paper in stock at our printers warehouse. In addition to our standard range of paper types, we can offer all other types of paper available at the wholesalers. Please contact our sales offices to view samples. Below are a few tips to help you decide on the type of paper.

Full-surface printing

Full-surface printing with an additional colour

Full-colour printing

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Readability: matt paper is easier to read than glossy paper. Reflected light is often considered a hindrance. Translucence: the thickness of the paper is expressed in weight in grams per m2. Theses are usually printed on 90 or 100-gram paper. Coated or uncoated: there are roughly two types of paper: uncoated paper, such as wood-free offset paper, and coated paper, such as matt machinecoated paper. Paper that is completely coated is called machine-coated paper (MC). This does limit the choice of binding. Machine-coated paper (100-gram matt, machine coated) can only be used in combination with the sewn-glued finish. An alternative is the lightweight-coated paper (100 grams G print). The properties of lightweightcoated paper are the same as those of machinecoated paper, but the cheaper binding option, the perfect bind, may be selected. 3.5 Types of paper for the cover Standard 240-gram one-sided, coated sulphate cardboard is used about 95 % of all covers are printed on this cardboard. Sulphate cardboard is a very appropriate standard cardboard. Other types of paper can, of course, be used. Please contact one of our sales offices if you would like to use another type of paper for the cover. 3.6 Laminating the cover We recommend laminating the cover, i.e. applying a plastic coating to the printed cover. This protects the cover from scratches and stains. In particular, a cover printed in solid will soon wear out without laminate. The choice of matt or glossy laminate is a personal preference. The colours are lighter when using matt laminate and darker when using glossy laminate. There is no difference in price.

3.7 Special finishes A book with a flap is one of the special finishing options. A flap is often used to include a list of abbreviations or a curriculum vitae of the author. There are many other options that can make your thesis special, such as UV varnish, embossing and hole punching. If you are interested in any of these special options, we will be happy to make an appointment to discuss the details. Exceptions are the norm at Ipskamp Drukkers! 3.8 Thesis layout Most theses printed by Ipskamp Drukkers are submitted electronically by our customers. Chapters 4 and 5 describe how to submit the inside pages and the cover electronically. These sections also contain instructions on how to design the layout for the cover on-line at www. ipskampdrukkers.nl. See section 5.6 for further information. The cover can also be designed by a graphic designer. Please ensure the graphic designer has read chapters 4 and 5 carefully to ensure submission of the files is not delayed as this could, in turn, delay the delivery date. Ofcourse we can also do all the layout work for you. Please contact our headoffice or one of the salesoffices for more information.

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Inside pages

Most theses are of a standard size, 170 x 240mm (B5). This size is assumed in the information in this section. The manuscript can be either A4 (210 x 297mm) or B5 (170 x 240mm). We recommend writing in B5 size to allow you to view the final layout as you write. When the manuscript is written in A4, there is an 81% scale difference from the final B5 size. The number of pages always remains the same. We recommend making a separate document per section when working in Word. Create a PDF file of each section when the manuscript is ready. These documents can than be merged into a single PDF file. The size of the font depends on your personal preferences. When using a serif font such as Times New Roman, the standard font size for B5 is 11, and for A4 is 12. For a bigger font such as Arial, the standard size for B5 is 10 and for A4 is 11. Margins should be at least 2 cm for B5 and 2,5 cm for A4. The inside margin (close to the spine) is often larger to make it easier to read the text after finishing your thesis. Please remember that the left and right pages are mirrored. The position of the page numbers and the headers and footers are also mirrored. The page numbers of even pages are on the left-hand side and the numbers of odd pages are on the right side. Line spacing is the space between the lines. This space influences the readibility of the text. When line spacing is set high, the text is easy to read, the disadvantage being a higher number of pages. In general, line spacing is set to 1.2 or 1.3 for B5 and 1.5 for A4.

4.1 Inside pages with bleed When you have sections bleeding close to the edge of the pages (tabs), there should be a margin of at least 5 mm from the text to the edge of the tab. The height of these tabs will always differ per page due to the printing and finishing process. The resulting undulating effect will not be clearly visible in the final product. All files should always contain 2 mm margin because of the bleed. If the inside pages contain black fills and the text is printed on lightweight coated paper (G print) or 100-gram matt, machine-coated paper, we recommend applying a light coat of varnish to the inside pages. This prevents the ink from staining, but it does incur some additional costs. Please contact us for an accurate quotation on the additional costs. 4.2 Fonts: introduction Numerous fonts exist around the world. Every system, printer or company has its own variations of existing fonts. There are, for example, several variants of the Times font. The fonts used on a Macintosh and a PC also differ from each other. The MAC fonts cannot be used on a PC and vice versa. Currently, there is also a new font type available (Open Type fonts) that can be used on both systems. However, in order to avoid any problems, we strongly advise you to embed all fonts in your file. You can also convert the fonts to outlines using certain software programs (see chapter 6). This means that the text in the software is no longer regarded as a specific font, but as an image consisting of lines. The software converts it into a type of drawing.

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4.3 Fonts in EPS files Make sure you submit the fonts used in EPS files or convert them into outlines. (See chapter 6.) 4.4 PDF files We recommend submitting the inside pages in PDF format. Acrobat Distiller is the best product available for generating PDF-format files. The inside pages may be created on many types of computer (and different operating systems). The most widely-used operating systems are Windows, Macintosh and Unix/Linux. We will guide you through the process of generating the files required using screen shots. The Adobe website includes options to create a PDF file online. The first 5 times you use it, it is free of charge. After that, a fee is charged. Please visit www. adobe.com for additional information. What is a PDF file? PDF stands for Portable Document Format, a file format that does not depend on the platform. It can be sent to a printer, film exposure equipment, or computer-to-plate system without text or page overrun occurring. PDF files can be opened, read and printed using the Adobe Reader application, which is free of charge. The advantages of PDF files: - you make a single file including all fonts and images; - the file can be processed on multiple platforms (MacOS, Windows, Unix/Linux); - checking the file on the screen is very easy; - PDF files are small which means they are easier to send via the Internet; - any page can easily be printed separately; - separate pages can be added later which means it is easy to make changes; - Acrobat Reader allows you to check and print the files for free.

Requirements for creating a PDF file Acrobat Distiller is required to create a PDF file responsibly. This application can be used as a printer from your source application. The output is changed from a paper print to a PDF file. Adobe provides the Distiller application with various packages, including Acrobat and Creative Suit. Acrobat Distiller can also be used to convert PostScript files into a PDF file.

Distiller 7.0

General PDF settings

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Acrobat Distiller settings Acrobat Distiller settings are identical for the Windows and Apple Macintosh platforms. We include Windows screen shots. These settings support Distiller versions from version 4.0 onwards. The following screen is displayed when the Distiller is activated. You can also download the Ipskamp Drukkers settings from www.proefschriften.net -> Delivery -> Inside material. You can then set the settings indicated in the stepby-step instructions based on the screen shots: Colour task options

Image PDF Settings Advanced PDF Settings Printing to PDF on a PC Once Acrobat Distiller is installed, a printer called either Acrobat Distiller or Adobe PDF will appear on the list of printers. If this is not the case, select the Custom installation tick box when installating the package. This printer can be selected from any application to print to a PDF file as if you were sending the file to your own printer. Check that you have selected the correct Distiller Job options (Adobe PDF Settings). This process is illustrated for Microsoft Word.

Font PDF Settings

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Every LaTeX package currently includes the command pdflatex or pdftex. Assuming that your source file is called thesis.tex, you can convert it into a PDF file using the following command: pdflatex thesis.tex This generates a file named thesis.pdf. You can check this file by using the file-checktool. If you encounter any problems when creating the PDF file, you can convert your file first to a PostScript file and then convert this PostScript file to PDF using Acrobat Distiller.

To set Distiller printer settings from Microsoft Word: click on Properties.

Then click on Adobe PDF Settings. Select the correct settings, in this case: the www. proefschriften.net settings. Printing to PDF on a Mac The best option to print to a PDF file from QuarkXPress on a Macintosh computer is to use Acrobat Distiller. A PostScript file is created first. This PostScript file can be converted using Acrobat Distiller into a PDF file. Creating a PDF file from LaTeX Creating a PDF file from LaTeX is relatively easy.

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Cover

5.1 Introduction Ipskamp Drukkers offer various options for the printing of your cover. In addition to the standard black-and-white cover, you can opt for a full-color cover or a one- or two color cover. As the range of colours is quite wide, the various options are listed below. 5.2 Colour - General In colour printing we distinguish the following groups: black-and-white, additional colours or PMS colours and full-colour. When printing covers, there is a price difference between printing in one colour, two colours or full-colour. Single-colour printing is the most economic option. Black-and-white Despite the fact that black-and-white is the basis, it is still possible to make very smart covers using black alone. You could think about introducing various greys and using specific fonts or lines. Much is possible with some imagination and creativity. One colour and two colours If you want to print your cover using one or two colours, you should use PMS colours. PMS (Pantone Matching System) is an international standardised colour-matching system. This standard ensures that when you select a specific colour, the final printed result will be exactly the same as the selected colour. You can select a PMS colour using the Pantone colour fans available at our offices. We recommend you to select a PMS colour solely based on a colour fan. In the final print proof that we will send you, the CMYK colours will be used to

imitate the PMS colour. The colour in this print will deviate slightly from the colour you have selected. The final print, however, will match the colour selected from the PMS colour fan. A cover in 2 colours offers various options. You can use 2 colours side by side, for example, a yellow background with blue text and a blue image on top. You could also mix colours: when you place the blue text on overprints (blue will be printed over the other colour) you get green text. Photos can also be constructed using two colours. By combining both print colours, you achieve a different result. When you create an image in duotone with yellow and blue, the final result will be a yellow, blue and green image. This duotone reproduction can look very smart, provided it is used well. Duotone is mainly printed in black with a spot colour. However, when you process two colours in duotone, they tend to mix. When not used correctly, this could lessen the result, but when applied correctly, the effects it achieves can be very good. When selecting a PMS colour, but later deciding to print full-colour, you should be aware that these colours will not have a 100% match to the selected PMS colour. There are special colour fans available at Ipskamp Drukkers that show the difference.

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Full-colour Full-colour colours can be subdivided into two groups: print colours and light colours. The light colours are made using 3 colours: Red, green and blue (RGB). A monitor is a good example of RGB colour usage. If you look carefully, you can see the 3 colours clearly side by side. The print colours consist of CMYK (Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, Black). When inspecting full-colour prints using a magnifying glass, you will be able to recognise these colours. Each group has its own colour range. With the CMYK group, certain colours cannot be printed that are visible with RGB and vice versa. As many images on the Internet are now used in publications, this is a problem we have to deal with on a regular basis. These images are constructed from RGB colours and look good on a monitor, but when printed, all their colour drains away. That is why these images must be converted to CMYK. During the conversion process, some loss of colour occurs. That is why the colours of an image may look different on a monitor than on a printed version. We create a colour print proof of the file you submit so that you have a good idea of the final colours. The location of colour settings in graphics software is described in the chapter 6.

5.3 Images: introduction To ensure optimum print quality, it is advisable to follow a number of rules when using images and illustrations. This may relate to the quality, colour, line thickness and other graphics specifications. When a good print or slide is to be scanned, you should consider whether you want to do this yourself or have us take care of it. To enable you to do everything correctly yourself, this section details the specifications, with which images and illustrations should comply to ensure maximum quality. Images can be sub-divided into two main groups: image-oriented (.jpg) and vector-oriented (.eps). Pixel images consist of coloured points placed side by side. This is obvious when images are considerably enlarged. The pixels are then clearly visible.

Pixels A disadvantage of pixel-oriented images is that they are relatively large and can only be used at 100% or smaller (enlargement is only possible up to 110%, otherwise the pixels will be spaced too far apart). Vector images are usually line drawings where a dot is placed at a certain vector to which a direction is assigned. These dots are connected using lines. An advantage of vector drawings is that these images can be enlarged/reduced without limit and that they are very small in size.

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Vectors It is advisable to save these line drawings as .eps files. 5.4 Digital requirements Images should have a specific resolution to guarantee a high print quality. This resolution is specified in dpi (Dots Per Inch): the amount of image elements (pixels) an image has per square inch. For printed matter, 300 dpi is sufficient. A monitor also consists of a number of pixels per square inch. The number is usually around 72 dpi. Images used on the Internet by default have a resolution of 72 dpi. In printed matter this results in a lower print quality. If you use an image full colour, the image must be converted to CMYK 5.5 Scanning When you scan the images yourself, you must decide beforehand how big the final image should be. This will enable you to scan the image in the correct size, ensuring the file will not become too big and definitely not too small. When scanning image material, you should consider the original. When the original is a photo (on photographic paper, not printed matter) or a slide, you can simply scan in at 300 dpi. However, when you scan photo material in printed matter at 300 dpi, a moir pattern may be generated. (Due to the combination of the scanner grid with the printed matter grid.)

With normal scanning, the pixels of the two grids will overlap at certain points and at certain points the pixels will be placed side by side. This results in odd smudges in the final scanned image. To avoid the occurrence of moir patterns, many scanner applications have a Descreen option. With the descreen option, you must specify the grid that has been used when printing the image to be scanned. Usually a value of 150 lpi suffices. When you have scanned an image, it is advisable to store it as a TIF file. This is the file format that is widely used in the graphics industry.

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Spine

Back cover

Front cover

Bookmarker

White margin

Joint (from the edge of the spine

Joint

Bleed 2mm on all sides

5.6 Layout The layout of a cover is the same, in principle, in every software application. All covers consist of a number of fixed elements and it is advisable to create these according to specific requirements. A cover consists of four elements: - the back - the spine - the front side - the bookmark To facilitate the layout of the cover, we have posted templates of various editing software applications on our website. The information is available on www.proefschriften.net -> Delivery > Cover. Templates are available for the following software applications:

- Illustrator 8.0 and higher - Adobe InDesign CS2 and higher - Adobe photoshop (no version restrictions) - Quarkxpress 4.11 and higher The templates are consistent with a 10 mm spine. You can submit the cover with this spine thickness; it will be modified by our pre-press department. Obviously you can also modify the spine thickness yourself. When the number of inside pages, paper type and binding are known, we can specify the spine thickness. The finished book size is 170 (W) x 240 (H)mm (the Ipskamp Drukkers B5 size); the spine is variable. The size of the bookmark is 60 (W) x 240 (H)mm. (See figure above.) You can include the layout of the cover (back, front, white margin, bookmark) side by side in one document. As an example, we use a cover with a spine of 14mm (rounded). The final size of the cover will be (170+15+170+5+60) x 240 (H)mm - 420 (W)mm x 240 (H)mm

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(back+spine+front+white space+bookmark). In addition to this layout, the following should also be taken into account: to be able to open a cover sufficiently, a fold will be mechanically pressed on the front and back. This is called a crease and is applied 7 mm from the edge of the spine. Try to avoid having texts in the crease. To finish a cover neatly, the bleeding elements (i.e. elements that bleed off the page) should be placed at least 2 mm over the page edge. This is called the bleed and it should be applied to all sides of the document, as well as between the bookmarker and the cover. It is advisable to apply guides. These will help you see exactly where you are working. 5.7 Online Tool No experience with, or no acces to graphic software programmes like Adobe Photoshop, Indesign or Illustrator? In that case our online tool is the solution. With this tool you can easily design and submit your cover. It is possible to upload your pictures, insert the necessary text boxes, to rotate and choose many different colours. Besides, there are many more options to create a beautiful cover. You can save your draft to continue later on. After you send the file and orderform to us, we will send you a proof. You can find this tool on our website, http://ontwerp.proefschriften.net.

Uitnodiging Voor het bijwonen van de openbare verdediging van mijn proefschrift op: Donderdag 22 januari 2011 om 12:30 precies in de Academiezaal Aula van de Radboud Universiteit, Comeniuslaan 2, Nijmegen

Aansluitend is er een receptie

Bob Olde Hampsink Josink Maatweg 43 Postbus 333, 7500 AH Enschede

b.oldehampsink@ipskampdrukkers.nl

Paranimfen Nicole Gerritsma Christel Wisman

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Software

There are many different cover layout styles. Every software application has its individual properties and technical options. This section provides information on the most common software applications. Using screenshots, we will show you how to lay out a file in a way that meets the requirements of Ipskamp Drukkers. These software applications run on both Macintosh and Windows computers. Macintosh is widely used in the graphics sector, but at Ipskamp Drukkers we accept both Mac and PC files. Specific software applications running under Unix, for example, are not dealt with here. Software that can be used to create files can be categorised into roughly five main groups. Word-processing software Photo-editing software Drawing software Layout software Miscellaneous 6.1 Word-processing software Word and LaTeX These software applications are mainly used to process texts. They are not suitable for the submission of covers. If you want us to take care of the layout, you can submit all texts we are to use (front, back, text, invitation) as a text file Image. Should you only submit Word files, for example, it would be best to submit the images separately. Please do not forget to submit the fonts.

6.2 Photo-editing software There are many software applications available for photo-editing. The best known are Adobe Photoshop and Corel PhotoPaint. This type of software application is based on pixels. Photoshop This software application is mainly based on pixels and, when text is included, regularly cause a problem. You can create a cover using this type of software, but it does require graphical knowhow. You should only do so when you are certain you are able to do this. Otherwise it is advisable to use this type of software application solely for the purpose of scanning and processing images. To verify whether your images have the correct resolution, size, etc., you can find these settings in Photoshop at Images > Image Size.

Image Size (Photoshop)

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6.3 Miscellaneous software applications This includes non-graphics software applications that are less suitable for processing covers. For example, presentation and spreadsheet software such as Excel, Microsoft Publisher, 3D applications and PowerPoint. None of these applications are suitable for submitting a cover. You can, however, use these software applications for creating examples of what the cover would look like, but here at Ipskamp Drukkers, we will only use it as a sample and recreate it using more appropriate applications. PowerPoint PowerPoint mainly works with low resolution images and RGB colours and is designed for creating presentations. It is advisable to use this application for this purpose alone. You can, however, use PowerPoint to create an example of what your cover should roughly look like. When you submit the images and fonts used, we will recreate the cover based on that sample. 6.4 Drawing software These software applications work mainly with vector-based elements; pixel-based elements can be added without any difficulty. Although these applications are designed to create images, they can be used to create covers. However, these applications have many options, sometimes even to the point where they can become too complex to process files correctly. Illustrator As an example we use Illustrator 8. In earlier or later versions, the specified options may be located elsewhere or not be available. The palettes are available in the Window menu.

New document We recommend using guides when designing the basic layout. These can be dragged from the rulers above and to the left of the document. Using Transformation, you can place the guides at the right spot. When it seems as though you cannot move the guides, you have to release them.

Locking and release guides The resulting document is displayed at the beginning of this section.

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Colours Think about the print colours when you design the layout. This allows you to apply the colours correctly throughout the document. The layout of the cover may be PMS, black-and-white or in four colours. In Illustrator, you can indicate which colours you would like to use in your document.

Colour palette Please avoid using RGB colours in your final cover. The actual colours printed may vary considerably from the colours you believe you have selected. You can also use the Pantone (PMS) colours. Go to Window, Swatch Libraries. PMS colours If you have selected PMS colours, although the cover will be printed in CMYK (full-colour), you can convert the PMS colours to CMYK colours using Select all, Filter and Colours. Please note that the converted PMS colours often appear slightly different in 4 colours.

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Images Go to File, Place via menu to add an image in Illustrator. Please make sure that the image is added in the same colour mode as the rest of the document. Resolution is an important factor in print quality. Resolution should be at least 300 dpi at 100%. You can decrease the size of images in Illustrator. This does not have a negative effect on the image. You can increase the size up to a maximum of 110%. Select the image in Illustrator and choose File, Select Info to check the resolution and colour of the image. Converting colours to CMYK colours Use the palette to add colour to an object, a line or an area. Select the colour from the colour palette (PMS, CMYK, black-and-white). Select Info

Area and line filling Fonts It is important that you provide the fonts used for the cover when you submit the cover. Including the fonts avoids delays in processing the cover. Another advantage is that the text can still be edited. To ensure you have no problems associated with the fonts and you are completely sure that all text is included, you can also use letter outlines in Illustrator. The fonts are not required when you use letter outlines. You yourself will have to carry out any text editing.

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CorelDraw CorelDraw 9.0 is used as an example. Earlier or later versions may not include the options indicated, or these may be in another menu. First create a new document with the settings as indicated at the beginning of this section. The guides are a useful reference tool when creating the cover. The guides are available in the Layout menu.

Colours A document may consist of one of more colours. The colour options are PMS, black-and-white or full-colour, as previously indicated in chapter 2. Instructions on how to find the colours are given below. The cover must be submitted in the correct colour mode. CorelDraw is a user-friendly application, in which the user is not aware of the RGB or CMYK colour options. The default CorelDraw colour settings are based on RGB colours. Select the fill colour beneath the bucket. Click the bucket to display a toolbar with fill options.

Fill colours Guides The resulting document is shown at the beginning of this section. We recommend using only the first 2 options because even though the other options may look very good, they often cause problems when processed by Ipskamp Drukkers. The first icon allows you to select colours from all the available colour swatches. You can select either the CMYK colour swatch or the PMS colour swatch.

Fill colours and Pantone colours (PMS)

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The pen icon allows you to adjust the line options. The second icon allows you to change the colours.

Line options Fonts It is important that you provide the fonts used for the cover when you submit the cover. If we have the required fonts, the texts are open. This allows us, if necessary, to change the layout or edit the text. To ensure you have no problems associated with the fonts and you are completely sure that all text has been included, you can also use letter outlines. CorelDraw then no longer views the text as text, but as separate images.

Images Add an image of the correct size and colour mode. Please make sure that the images added to a fullcolour document are CMYK images and that the images added to a single or two-colour document are the right colour. Check whether the quality of the image meets the 300 dpi optimum resolution criteria. You can check this by clicking on the image with the right-hand mouse button and selecting Properties. The information required will now be displayed. We can convert CorelDraw documents from RGB to CMYK or to greyscale if required. However, we recommend that you do it yourself.

Image information 6.5 Layout applications InDesign is an example of a layout application. This application compile various elements from various applications into a single set. If you have saved your text in Word files, images in CorelDraw and photographs in Photoshop, you can combine

Converting to letter outlines

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these in a layout application. We recommend using InDesign for the layout of your files. InDesign First create a new document using the settings as indicated at the beginning of this section. Enter the settings as indicated in the image below.

Place a white frame over the lines (or a frame in the final colour). Bear in mind that the frame has a bleed of at least 2 mm. Draw a rectangular frame from the upper left to the lower right and enter the correct coordinates. Colours In InDesign you can use the various colour guides: RGB, CMYK, PMS, etc.

Settings In InDesign, the easiest option is for you to create a basic master consisting of a few lines and a bleeding area (see the beginning of this section). We add successive lines for the back, spine, front, cut margin and the bookmarker. These lines stick out 10 mm at the top and bottom. Select the line and enter the correct coordinates and length. Repeat this for all lines.

Colours

Line coordinates

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The Pantone colour guide must be installed in order to use PMS colours. Select the colour required from the colour guide.

Fonts The fonts installed can be retrieved in the Parameters menu.

Parameters Images Images in all available applications can be added to an InDesign file. Save TIF (.tiff) or .EPS (.eps) images preferably. Instructions for creating a good image are provided in chapter 5.3

Pantone colours (PMS)

Pantone colours (PMS)

Placing images

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Collecting Use Package to collect the entire document.

The fonts used are also copied. Check after collecting whether all fonts and images have been collected.

Collecting for output

Collecting

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Compressing files

7.1 Introduction Please compress the files before sending them electronically (upload tool, e-mail or FTP). This saves time and minimises the likelihood of problems. The most widely used compression programs are discussed below. 7.2 WinZip WinZip is the graphic user interface for PKZIP and is very user-friendly. This description is based on WinZip 8.0. The latest version is available on the Internet, at http://www.winzip.com. Compressing a file is easiest from Windows Explorer. Select the file (or the files). Click the right-hand mouse button to display the menu. Select Add to name. zip menu (name stands for the name of the file to be compressed).

Once the zip file has been created, the Explorer window will display the following. Click on the file name twice to check the contents.

The file The zip file created is now ready to be submitted to Ipskamp Drukkers.

Add to thesis.zip

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FAQ & tips

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FAQ & tips

Can I replace one or more pages of the file I have already submitted? Yes, you can. If you wish to make corrections in your file, you can do so by providing us again with the pages concerned. If you have less than 5 pages that need to be corrected, we ask you to let us know which pages you corrected. Can I submit separate images? Yes, you can submit separate image files. Adding the images to a PDF file, however, takes a lot of time. It is usually better to submit a file that is as complete as possible. Do I add the blank pages required to my document? Please do! If you find this difficult, indicate where the blank pages need to be inserted in the document during the intake meeting, or on the orderform. Should I submit my digital files in A4 or B5? Either is acceptable. If you deliver a B5-size document, you will have already seen a preview of the actual book. If you deliver an A4-size document, we scale it at 81% to B5.

Can I submit a few pages to test whether my file meets the requirements? Yes. Testing a few critical pages is a very good idea. This can prevent problems occurring during the production process, thereby making sure the delivery date is not delayed. To check your files, you can use our file check tool on our website. Can I also deliver a PostScript or PDF file for each chapter? Yes. Do bear in mind that the printing process will require more time. Our preference would be ro receive a single complete file. Do I need to rasterise the images myself? Digital files are rasterised at Ipskamp Drukkers just before printing. When you submit printed originals that have to be scanned, the end result is better when the images have been rasterised (at least 71 lpi). The scan quality we currently offer is very high. Even unrasterised images are of a reasonable quality. My print proof is of very poor quality. Why? Print proofs are printed on a laser printer that uses a coarse grid. A much finer grid is used for the final print-out. The actual quality is much better than the quality of the print proof.

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List of terms

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List of terms

Bleed An image or coloured area that partially runs over one or more edges of the paper. A bleed section is not visible on the final trimmed copy. The cover, for example, has to be submitted with bleed due to the trimming. Finishing All actions, such as trimming, folding, and binding, required after a sheet has been printed to produce the end product. Book block Collection of folded printed press sheets without the cover. CMYK CMYK stands for Cyan, Magenta, Yellow and Black. This colour system is applied during full-colour printing. DPI The unit of resolution expressed in Dots Per Inch. The image resolution for a website is usually 72 dpi. The resolution for a photograph, which is to be printed, should be at least 300 dpi. Duotone A duotone image is an image that consists of two colours. Duotone is used to create a sepia image. Digital offset printing This printing method combines the technology and quality of offset printing with the flexibility of POD. It works with a cloth and the ink is applied to the

paper at very high pressure. No plates are required. Perfect bind Binding method where the spines of the paper are trimmed and roughened to create a flat surface that is glued to the cover. Sewn-glued Binding method where the quires are first sewn together with thread and then glued, as in the perfect bind method. Sewn and bound Binding method where the quires are first sewn and then glued to a strip of book binding cloth. The complete book block is then glued to the hard cover. This is referred to as a hard-cover book. Satin paper Glossy coated paper. Paper with a layer of coating applied by a machine. Coated paper Paper with a special matt or glossy coating. (For example, 100-gram machine-coated paper, i.e. 100 grams matt MC) GIF (Graphics Interchange Format) A compressed file format for images based on 256 colours that is often used on the Internet.

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G/m2 Unit indicating the weight of the paper expressed in grams per square metre of paper. 90 or 100gram paper is usually used for theses. Wood-free paper Paper without coating that feels rougher than coated paper. Also abbreviated as WFP. For example, 100-gram wood-free, offset paper. Imposition scheme Overview of the page layout on a printing press sheet that is to be folded into a quire. This imposition scheme is particularly important when some pages have to be printed in full colour. JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group) Photographic compression standard based on thousands of colours (.jpg). Quire Folded sheet of paper forming a number of pages. The thesis is composed of quires. The number of pages that fit onto a sheet depends on the final size of the thesis. Colour chart (PMS) Paper colour chart on which all standard Pantone Matching System colours are printed. You can select a PMS colour from the colour chart at our offices. Laminate Laminate is a plastic coating that protects the cover from scratching and stains. The laminate makes the cover look even better. Laminate comes in two types: matt and glossy. The matt laminate makes the cover colours a little lighter and the glossy laminate makes the cover colours look a little darker.

Margin The margin is the space between the paper edge and the printed text. A minimum margin of 2cm is recommended. Offset printing A printing method based on the principle that water and grease (printing ink) do not mix. The image is transferred from a metal or polyester plate onto the paper using a rubber cylinder. The plate is first moistened, after which the ink is placed on the section that attracts the grease (the image to be printed). Pantone Matching System (PMS) International colour matching system for offset printing. More than 700 standard print colours are possible. Please visit one of our sales offices to select a PMS colour. PDF (Portable Document Format) A file format independent platform that can be sent to a printer without the text running on to other pages. Press varnish Press varnish can be provided as matt or glossy varnish. It provides some protection and a moderate gloss to the printed matter. We recommend applying press varnish if you print anything on the inside of the cover. Broadsheet A broadsheet is an unfolded sheet of printed matter. Embossing Embossing on the cover created by pressing the paper to produce a raised or sunken image.

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Pre-press All activities carried out prior to the actual printing process. Our pre-press department prepares your files for printing once you have submitted them. Printing On Demand (POD) Printing method based on digital technology. Advantageous prices for editions of up to 200 copies (depending on the number of pages). The quality is lower than that produced by offset printing technology. Print proof The cover print proof and the bookmark is a (colour) fold-out print. We offer colour-fast cover print proofs delivered with full-colour cover orders to avoid any nasty surprises. We use a print proof system that imitates the paper and print colours as accurately as possible. Print proofs of the inside pages are double-sided 600 dpi print-outs on A4 paper. All full-colour pages are provided as separate print proofs. The print proof pages include a frame, indicating the actual size of the finished book. This allows you to check whether the margins are correct. Resolution The resolution is the unit of the number of pixels of an image or output quality of equipment (a printer, for example). It is expressed in dots per inch (dpi). RGB R (red), G (green) and B (blue) are the primary colours of light. These colours are used on a screen, for example, to produce an image. Printed matter is produced using CMYK colours.

Spine The spine is the closed side of the book. The quires are bound at this side (sewn or glued). The spine thickness depends on the number of pages used, the paper type and the binding method. Serif A serif is a fine line that finishes off the main strokes of a letter. Serif fonts are a collection of fonts such as Times and Garamond. Sans-serif Sans-serif fonts are a collection of fonts that do not have a serif, such as Helvetica and Arial. Spot varnish The application of varnish on certain areas of the printed paper. Spot UV varnish An extra coat on top of the laminate that makes it look even better. The coating may either be matt or glossy. Additional colour An additional colour is another (PMS) colour used alongside black. Wire-O Binding method where a metal ring binder is added to the spine side of the paper.

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