CHARACTERISTIC SOIL PROFILES WITHIN THE INNER SUBURBS

Borehole Location

BOREHOLE DATA 02.

Wainoni

01.

Kairaki Beach

03.

Hallswell

04.
CBD

profile

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Data

Soil Pro le

Data

Soil Pro le

Data

Soil Pro le

Data

Soil Pro le

- 0.8 W S

profile

- 0.8 W VL - 1.5 MW VL

profile

- 1.5 W VL - 2.3 W VS - 3.0 W MD

- 1.3 M VS - 1.9 W VL

- 1.5 W D

- 3.0 W VS

5km

10km 15km

Urban Areas of Christchurch 1:500,000

- 5.1 W L

- 5.5 W L

- 6.1 W L - 6.0 W MD - 7.5 W MD

- 7.0 W - 7.5 W - 8.0 W L

F VS

- 7.0 W

- 10.5 W VL

Source Key
Weathering
UW SW MW HC CW RW Unweathered Slightly Weathered Moderately Weathered Highly Weathered Completely/Extr. Weathered Residual Soil
- 15.0 W MD - 13.5 W D - 10.5 W F - 10.5 MW L

Undrained Shear Strength

VS S F St VSt H Fb Very soft Soft Firm Stiff Very Stiff Hard Friable
- 14.5 W VL

Cu (kPa) <10 10 to 25 25 to 50 50 to 100 100 to 200 >200

- 15.0 W VSt

- 19.0 - 22.0

Relative Density
VL L MD D VD Very loose loose Medium Dense Dense Very Dense

Soil Description SPT/Particle Size

Soil Description SPT/Particle Size

Soil Description SPT/Particle Size

Soil Description SPT/Particle Size

Colour

Colour

Colour

Colour

CHARACTERISTIC SOIL PROFILES WITHIN THE INNER SUBURBS 04.

Avondale

BOREHOLE DATA 07.

Burwood

06.
Bexley

08.

Richmond

09.

Spencerville

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Data Soil Pro Data

le Soil Pro le

Data

Soil Pro le

Data

Soil Pro le

Data

Soil Pro le

Data

Soil Pro le
- 0.35 D L

- 0.8 D L

- 0.8 D

- 0.8 - 1.5 M - 1.0

- 2.2 M VS - 2.8 M-W F - 3.0 W L - 3.5 M S - 2.9 W VS - 3.1 W L

- 4.7 W L

- 4.5

MD

- 4.5 W MD

profile

- 4.8 W MD - 5.0 - 5.2 - 5.4 - 5.6 - 5.8 W W W W W MD MD MD MD MD

- 3.5 W VS - 6.0 W MD - 6.0 W MD - 4.0 W MD

- 7.5 W L - 8.0 W L - 8.2 W L - 9.0 W D - 9.8 W D - 10.5 W D - 11.7 W MD - 10.5 W MD - 11.2 SW MD - 10.7 W MD - 7.5 W D - 6.0 W MD

- 11.4 W MD - 11.6 S MD

- 13.0 W MD

- 15.0

- 15.0

- 15.0 W D - 14.8 W MD - 17.0 W VD - 15.3 W MD

- 19.0 W VD

- 17.3 W D - 19.3 W D

Soil Description SPT/Particle Size

Soil Description SPT/Particle Size

Soil Description SPT/Particle Size

Soil Description SPT/Particle Size

Soil Description SPT/Particle Size

Colour

Colour

Colour

Colour

Colour

SOIL TYPES
Pedon Scale Core Section

STRUCTURE
Aggregate Scale Micropore scale

POROSITY
WHITE COLOUR ASSIGNED TO PORE AND BLACK TO SOIL

Clean Gravels

Gravel and Gravelly Soils

Well graded gravels or gravel - sand mixtures, little or no ne

Strong thin platey structure

High porosity angular and rounded grains, many sizes (poor sorting)

Gravels with nes

Silty gravels, gravel-sand-silt mixtures

A loose granular substance carried by running water

High porosity rounded and angular grains, many sizes (good sorting)

Clean Sands High porosity rounded grains, uniform size (good sorting) Sand and Sandy Soils Well graded sands or gravelly sands, little or no nes A loose granular substance

Sands with nes

Silty sands, sand-silt mixtures

loose granular substance, slightly weathered

High porosity rounded grains, many sizes (poor sorting)

Silt Soils

Fine sand carried by running water and deposited as a sediment.

loose granular substance, highly weathered

Very low porosity angular grains, many sizes (poor sorting)

Peat Soils

A soil like material consisting of partly decomposed vegetable matter

Material characteristic of boggy, acid ground consisting of partly decomposed vegetable matter.
2 cm

High porosity rounded grains, many sizes (poor sorting)

CHARACTERISTICS OF CHRISTCHURCH SOIL

The main soil types of Christchurch consist of granular substances such as sands, gravels, non-plastic soils and their mixtures. These granular soils are the main reason for liquefaction. These soils derive their stiffness and strength through grain to grain contact stresses. Shallow soils have small grain to grain contact stresses, so they are relatively soft and weak. Soils at great depth have large grain to grain contact stresses so they are relatively stiff and strong. The soil types evident in the borehole samples are loose. Loose soils have more voids in their inherent structure (since they were not well compacted when deposited) Hence, when shaken, they show large tendency for densi cation (contraction) which in turn leads to rapid pore water pressure build up and eventual liquefaction in only few cycles of strong shaking. Since these soils are loosely packed and are highly deformable (compressible), liquefaction will be severely manifested and will result in very large ground movements and nearly complete loss of load carrying capacity. This is why loose soils are particularly prone to liquefaction and show very severe consequences of liquefaction. Very Dense soils are rare in the borehole samples. Very dense soils will allow for limited tendency for densi cation and hence produce low excess pore water pressures and therefore would have a much higher liquefaction resistance. Clays are not evident in Christchurch soils. Clayey soils in general, derive stiffness and strength from an additional mechanism (cohesion) and hence are considered non-lique able.

PEAT

SOIL TYPE SANDS WITH FINES

1. Pore Nodes Plot soil pores using point clouds inside a box of 4mm x 4mm x 10 mm.

2. Pore pathways distances between pores.

3. Voronoi geometry generation Use the nodes and pathways to generate the 3d voronoi cells.

4. Generate Structure

SOIL TYPE SANDS WITH FINES

Voronoi Aggregation

SOIL TYPE PEAT

1. Pore Nodes Plot soil pores using point clouds inside a box of 4mm x 4mm x 10 mm.

2. Pore pathways distances between pores.

3. Voronoi geometry generation Use the nodes and pathways to generate the 3d voronoi cells.

4. Generate Structure

SOIL TYPE GRAVEL

1. Pore Nodes Plot soil pores using point clouds inside a box of 4mm x 4mm x 10 mm.

2. Pore pathways distances between pores.

3. Voronoi geometry generation Use the nodes and pathways to generate the 3d voronoi cells.

4. Generate Structure

SOIL TYPE CLEAN SAND

1. Pore Nodes Plot soil pores using point clouds inside a box of 4mm x 4mm x 10 mm.

2. Pore pathways distances between pores.

3. Voronoi geometry generation Use the nodes and pathways to generate the 3d voronoi cells.

4. Generate Structure

SOIL TYPE SILT

1. Pore Nodes Plot soil pores using point clouds inside a box of 4mm x 4mm x 10 mm.

2. Pore pathways distances between pores.

3. Voronoi geometry generation Use the nodes and pathways to generate the 3d voronoi cells.

4. Generate Structure

RAPID PROTOTYPES

Photographs of generated structures

RAPID PROTOTYPES

Photographs of generated forms

wider context

01
HEREFORD STREET MANCHESTER STREET

01

01

01

FORMAL INVESTIGATION ON SITE

01

UNFINISHED DEMOGRAPHIC: Singles, couples, and at mates working and living in the city.

Approximate floor areas No single apartment is the same