Pathophysiology

Precipitating Factors: Repeated close contact w/ infected persons. Low socio-economic Environment Poor sanitation Decrease nutritional intake Vices

Predisposing Factors: Age Sex

Spread of TB bacilli via droplet form or airborne dust particles that contains TB bacilli .

Inhalation of airborne dust or discharge droplet that contains TB bacilli

Mucocillary system in the upper airway traps much of the bacilli

The bacilli then passes the physical defense and enter the terminal airway lodging in the alveolar macrophages and phagocytes identifies it as bacteria

Bacterias defense mechanism prevents their destruction

Increased compensatory mechanism

The bacilli replicates in macrophages

Alveolar macrophages destroyed

Fever, Chills Diaphoresis Cytokines are released and send to the area of infection to attract the lymphocytes, monocytes and neutrophils

Antigen of the TB bacilli are presented to t-cells by the lymphatic via macrophages

Positive in skin test or matoux test

Synthized T- Lymphocytes in turn to stimulate the microphages.

Competent immune system

Process of granouloma formation cell recruitment and cell activation

Impaired immune system

Number of organism increase hypersensitivity reaction produces significant tissue necrosis Formation of caseous granulomas

Ghons complex or Primary Pulmonary tuberculosis

Pathophysiology
Precipitating Factors:
Repeated close contact w/ infected persons Repeated close contact w/ infected persons. Low socioeconomic Environment Poor sanitation Decrease nutritional intake Vices

Predisposing Factors:
Sex Age

Age
Exposure or inhalation of infected Aerosol through droplet nuclei (exposure to infected clients by coughing,sneezing, talking)

Tubercle bacilli invasion in the apices of the lungs or near the pleurae of the lower lobes

Bronchopneumonia develops in the lung tissue (Phagocytosed tubercle bacilli are ingested by macrophages)

Bacterial cell wall binds with macrophages arrest of a phagosome which results to bacilli replication

Necrotic Degeneration occurs (production of cavities filled with cheese-like mass of tubercle bacilli, dead WBCs, necrotic lung tissue)

Drainage of necrotic materials into the tracheobronchial tree

Eruption of coughing, formation of lesions Primary Infection

Lesions may calcify (Ghons Complex) and form scars and may heal over a period of time

Tubercle bacilli immunity develops (2 to 6 weeks after infection) (maintains in the body as long as living bacilli remains in the body)

Pulmonary Tuberculosis