WHAT IS COMUNICATION?

The word communication is derived from the Latin terms cum munis [to make common] and communicare [to share]. Hence, communication is defined as the exchange of information, thoughts, ideas, feeling and the like. Therefore, Communication are:1. The process of sharing thoughts, ideas, and feelings with each other in commonly understandable ways. 2. Symbolic behaviour the occurs between two or more participating individuals. 3. Social process involving the phases of encoding, sending, medium, receiving and decoding. 4. The inter-change of information and ideas among all individuals in the enterprise.

Communication is a meaningful exchange that involves not only the spoken and written word, but also body language, personal mannerisms and style, the physical environment anything that adds meaning to a message (Hybels & Weaver, 1998). This process takes place through the exchange of verbal and nonverbal messages (Brooks & Heath, 1993). Communication is an important part of our lives. We communicate everyday with different people, at different times, in different ways. We Communicate with ourselves in our thoughts. We also communicate with our family, friends, people at work, and people we meet, socially or professionally. Communication is a two-way process of giving and receiving information through any number of channels. The basic flow of communication can be seen in the diagram below. In this flow, the sender sends a message to the receiver and then they share the feedback on the communication process.

The methods of communication too need to be carefully considered before decide on which method to uses for purposes. Not all communication methods work for all transactions.

There are 3 types model of communication can be used. The models can help the business organizations and other institutions to understand how communication works, how messages are transmitted, how it is received by the other party, and how the message is eventually interpreted and understood. Some of the famous and frequently used communication models used nowadays. Shannon's Model: One of the earliest models of communication that introduced was Claude Shannon's model. This was introduced in 1948. This laid the foundation for the different communication models that we have today, and has greatly helped and enhanced the communication process in various fields. This model can be considered as the granddaddy of many later communication models. Following is a simple illustration of this model.

The diagram above clearly illustrates how communication takes place, and also helps one to determine what could go wrong. In Shannon's model, the information source typically refers to a person, who then sends a message with the use of a transmitter. This transmitter could be any instrument today, from phones to computers and other devices. The signals that are sent and received can be vary depending on the method of communication. The box at the bottom called NOISE refers to any signals that may interfere with the message being carried. This again would depend on the method of communication.

The receiver is the instrument or the person on the other side that receives the. This model is the simplest models to understand the workings of the communication process.

According to Camp & Satterwhite (2002), there are three types of communication: (a) Oral Communication (b) Written Communication (c) Non-Verbal Communication It also means, the types of communication that humans use come in different forms. It may be verbal, which means that there is the use of words, and nonverbal which denotes communication through actions and behaviours. It can also denote, whether an event is formal or non-formal. The types of communication used indicate that some things can be described with the use of words or paragraphs. There are also things that words could not fully describe. Where only an action or gesture could express the real meaning that the speaker is trying to convey.

At times we may even need to communicate with a larger audience such as members of the public. English has become an important language in Malaysia. It is not only the English language that has been a major concern nowadays, but also oral communication skills in order to become competent in communicating with the rest of the world. We must have a effective communication skill. Communicating skills are the skills needed to use language to interact with others. The primary skills are reading, writing, listening and speaking. These skills enable people to share information, ideas and feelings and to transfer meaning among themselves. To me speaking English can be the first step to clear and makes effective communication. There are numerous definitions of communication. They range from very narrow definitions which confine communication to the 'transmission of information' to broader concepts about the sharing and negotiation of meaning. Elizabeth Tierney (1998) describes communication as a process which begins when you have a massage that you want to deliver to an audience. Your audience receives the massage, reacts to it and then responds to your massage. That response may lead you to react and give another message. This process may then go on and

on. Joseph Devito (2009) says that, communication occurs when one person (or more) sends and receives messages that are distorted by noise, occur within a context, have some effect, and provide some opportunity for feedback. It also means, Communication is a process whereby meaning is defined and shared between living organisms. Communication requires a sender, a message, and an intended recipient, although the receiver need not present or aware of the senders intent to communicate at the time of communication. The communication process is complete once the receiver has understood the sender. According to Camp & Satterwhite (2002), there are four main purposes in communications: i.i To inquire This involves obtaining information in various ways, for instance, by asking questions or through formulating questionnaires. i.ii To inform This entails the dissemination of information using different channels of communications. i.iii To persuade This aim to influence people and bring them round to your way thinking.

i.iv To develop goodwill This involves maintaining and forming cordial and harmonious relationship with people you are communicating.

HOW ORAL COMMUNICATIONS WORKS Oral communication has been described as the process of people using verbal and non-

verbal messages to generate meaning within and across various contexts, cultures, channels and media. The process of oral communication is called speech. The study of oral communication considers the process as essential to facilitate understanding between the speaker and the audience. Thus, communication is viewed as the process of understanding and sharing meaning consists of activities of exchange and sets of behaviour that applies in the perception, interpretation, and comprehension of meaning of the verbal and non-verbal behaviour of individuals (Pearson & Nelson, 2000). Therefore, oral communication is understood as that dynamic and systematic process of sharing meaning and understanding meaning through verbal and non-verbal exchange between individuals in interaction within a given context. There are two types of messages, nonverbal and verbal. Examples of nonverbal communication are facial expressions, posture, gestures, tone of voice, touching, spacing and systematic use of time. Verbal communication can be divided into three disciplines; 2.1 Syntactic 2.2 Semantics 2.3 Pragmatics Syntactic is the relationship between words, and semantics is the relationship between a word and what actual object that word represents. Pragmatics is the relationship between words and behaviour. We as communicators manage messages through verbal and nonverbal communication to create meaning in a given context. The types of oral communication commonly used within an organization include staff meetings, personal discussions, presentations, telephone discourse, and informal

conversation. Oral communication with those outside of the organization might take the form of face-to-face meetings, telephone calls, speeches, teleconferences, or videoconferences.

Camp and Satterwhite (2002) explained that Oral Communication is two-way process that required both a speaker and a listener. It most effective when the sender of a message has good speaking skills and the receiver has good listening skills.

Looking at Communication as a Process Communication takes place, everywhere at anytime. It changes in various situations and affects change among participants as the process takes place. Process implies dynamics and change. It implies parts interacting and influencing each other so as to function as a whole. Brooks and Heath posit that when we accept the concept of process, we view communication events and relationships as dynamic, systematic, transactional, adaptive, and continuous:

Communication is dynamic it is not static. It is not fixed but always changing. As it deals with change of behaviour it changes constantly.

Communication is systematic - a simple speech communication occurs within a larger system. It is a system itself composed of interrelated and interdependent elements working together to achieve a desired outcome.

Communication is transactional - the essence of the term transaction is relationship. Included in the transactional characteristic of communication is the fact that each communication event is unique combination of people, messages, and situation that operate to achieve some definite purpose.

Communication is adaptive communication takes place with an intention to achieve some outcome. In this process it must adapt to change. Thus, communication must pay attention to the other person, to the topic, to the physical surroundings, to motives and needs, and to other elements that we will study in this text. The ability to adjust and adapt to changing situation is a characteristic of effective communication.

Communication is continuous - it has no beginning and no end. We can consider communication as a product of a previous communication event that proceeds to another communication situation.