CAL 188, Final exam, June 21, 2012 - No. 2 / Solution of problem no.

No. 2 / Solution of problem no. 1

Karabuk University, Faculty of Engineering,
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
Prof. Mihai Cernat
Linear Algebra (CAL 188), Final exam June 21, 2012
1st subject (20%): Evaluate B using minors from a row or column and from two rows or
columns
1 8 5 1
B =

0 1 0 3
0 0 2 0
2 4 0 1

a) Using minors from the first column

We will use the Laplace expansion :

j , j ,L, j

,j

,L, jn

A = ( 1)s Ai 1,i ,2L,i m Ai m +1,i m +,2L,i

1 2
m
m +1 m + 2
n
p

n(n 1)L (n m + 1)
where : p =
m!

In our case : n = 5, m = 1,

p=

s = i1 + i2 + L + im + j1 + j2 + L + jm

5
=5
1

The minors are:

1 8 5 1
B=

0 1 0 3
0 0 2 0
2 4 0 1

B11 = 1

B12 = 0

B31 = 0

B14 = 2

By Laplace expansion, the value of the determinant is:

1 0 3

( 1)1+1 B11 B22,,33,,44,

= 1 0 2 0 = 2 24 = 22
4 0 1
8 5 1

( 1)4 +1 B14 B12,2,3,,34,

= 2 1 0 3 = 2 (2 48) = 92
0 2 0

B = 22 + 92 = 70

b) Using minors from the second row

The minors are:

1 8 5 1
B=

0 1 0 3
0 0 2 0
2 4 0 1

B12 = 0

B22 = 1

B23 = 0

B24 = 3

By Laplace expansion, the value of the determinant is:

CAL 188, Final exam, June 21, 2012 - No. 2 / Solution of problem no. 1

1 5 1

( 1)2 + 2 B22 B11,,33,,44, = 1 0

2 0 = 2 4 = 2

2 0 1
1 8 5

( 1)2 + 4 B24 B11,,32,,43,

= 3 0 0 2 = 3 (32 8) = 72
2 4 0

B = 2 + 72 = 70

c) Using minors from the third row

1 8 5 1
B =

0 1 0 3
0 0 2 0
2 4 0 1

B31 = B32 = B34 = 0

1 8 1

( 1)3+3 B33 B11,,22,,44,

= 2 0 1 3 = 2 (1 + 48 2 12) = 70
2 4 1

B = 70

d) Using minors from the second and third rows

j , j ,L, j

,j

,L, jn

A = ( 1)s Ai 1,i ,2L,i m Ai m +1,i m +,2L,i

1 2
m
m +1 m + 2
n

We will use the Laplace expansion :

where : p =

n(n 1)L (n m + 1)
m!

s = i1 + i2 + L + im + j1 + j2 + L + jm

1 8 5 1
B=

0 1 0 3
0 0 2 0
2 4 0 1

In our case : n = 5, m = 2,

p=

54
= 10
1 2

i1 = 2, i2 = 3,

( j1, j2 ) {(1,2 ); (1,3); (1,4 ); (1,5); (2,3); (2,4); (2,5); (3,4 ); (3,5); (4,5)}
The minors are:

1 8 5 1
B=

0 1 0 3
0 0 2 0
2 4 0 1

B12,,23 = B12,,33 = B12,,43 = B22,,34 = 0

B22,,33 = 2

B23,,34 = 6

By Laplace expansion, the value of the determinant is:

( 1)2 + 3+ 2 + 3 B22,,33 B11,,44

( 1)2 + 3+ 3+ 4 B23,,34 B11,,42

1 0
0 2
0 3
2 0

1 1
2 1
1 8
2 4

= 2 (1 2) = 2
= ( 6) (4 16) = 72

B = 2 + 72 = 70

CAL 188, Final exam, June 21, 2012 - No. 2 / Solution of problem no. 1

e) Using minors from the first and third columns

1
0
B =
0
2

8
1
0
4

5
0
2
0

1
3
0
1

B11,,23 =

1 5
=0
0 0

B12,,33 =

0 0
=0
0 2

1 5
=2
0 2

B11,,33 =

B12,,34 =

0 0
=0
2 0

B11,,43 =

1 5
= 10
2 0

B31,,34 =

0 2
= 4
2 0

1 5 1 3

= 2 (1 12) = 22
0 2 4 1

( 1)1+3+1+3 B11,,33 B22,,44

( 1)1+ 4+1+3 B11,,43 B22,,34

( 1)2+3+3+ 4 B31,,34 B12,2,4

1 5 1 3

= ( 10) 0 = 0
2 0 0 0

0 3 8 1

= ( 4) (24 1) = 92
2 0 1 3

B = 22 + 92 = 70

CAL 188, Final exam, June 21, 2012 - No. 2 / Solution of problem no. 2

No. 2 / Solution of problem no. 2

Karabuk University, Faculty of Engineering,
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
Prof. Mihai Cernat
Linear Algebra (CAL 188), Final exam June 21, 2012
2th subject (20%): Reduce B to the normal form N and compute matrices P and Q such that
PBQ=N
1 0 3 1
B = 1 4 0
2
1 0 3 1
3
1
1 0 3 1
1 0 3 1
1 0
1 0 0 0
I
B = 1 4 0
2 ~ 0 4 3 3 ~ 0 1 3 / 4 3 / 4 ~ 0 1 0 0 = 2
0
1 0 3 1
0 0 0
0 0
0 0 0 0
0
0
0
3
1
3
[H 21(1), H 31(1)]
H2
K 31 (3), K 41 (1), K 32 , K 42
4
4
4
P = H 2 (1 / 4) H 31 (1) H 21 (1)

0
0

Q = K 31 (3) K 41 (1) K 32 (3 / 4) K 42 (3 / 4)
P = H 2 (1 / 4) H 31 (1) H 21 (1)
1
1
1
1
1
1

P = 1 / 4 1 1 1 = 1 / 4 1 1 = 1 / 4 1 / 4

1 1
1
1 1
1
1 1
1
Q = K 31 (3) K 41 (1) K 32 (3 / 4) K 42 (3 / 4)
3
1
1
Q=

3
1
1 3/ 4
=

1 1
3 1 1
1
1
1

1
1 3/ 4 1

3 / 4 1

1 3 / 4 3 / 4 =
=

1
1
1
1
1

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
3 / 4

1
0 0 1 0 3 1
1

0
P B Q = 1 / 4 1 / 4 0 1 4 0
2
0
1
0 1 1 0 3 1
0
1 0 0 0
0
I
= 0 1 0 0 = 2

0 0
0 0 0 0

0 3
1
1
3
1
1 0
1 3 / 4 3 / 4
0
= 0 1 3 / 4 3 / 4
0
0 1
0
0
0
0 0
0 0
1
0

0 3
1
1 3 / 4 3 / 4
=
0 1
0

0 0
1

CAL 188, Final exam, June 21, 2012 - No. 2 / Solution of problem no. 2

1 0 0
0
1
0 1 0
0
0
0 0 1
0
0
B= 0 0 0
~ 0
1
1 0 3 1 1 0 0
1
1 4 0
2 0 1 0
0
1 0 3 1 0 0 1
0
[H 21 (1), H 31 (1)]
H 2 (1 / 4)
1 0 3
1

0 0
0
1 0
0
0
1 0
0
0 1
0
0
0 1
0
0 0
1
0
~ 0 0
0 0
1
0
1
0 3 1 1 0 0
1 0
3
1
1
0 0
4 3 3 1 1 0
0 1 3 / 4 3 / 4 1/ 4 1/ 4 0
0 0
1
1 0 1
0 0
0
1
1
0 1

0 1 3/ 4 3/ 4
0 0 1
0
~ 0 0 0
1
1 0 0
0
1
0 0
0 1 0
0
1/ 4 1/ 4 0
0 0 0
0
1
0 1
[K 31 (3), K 41(1), K 32 (3 / 4), K 42 (3 / 4)]

0 0
1

P = 1 / 4 1 / 4 0
1
0 1

1
0
Q=
0

0 3
1
1 3 / 4 3 / 4
0 1
0

0 0
1

CAL 188, Final exam, June 21, 2012 - No. 2 / Solution of problem no. 3

No. 2 / Solution of problem no. 3

Karabuk University, Faculty of Engineering,
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
Prof. Mihai Cernat
Linear Algebra (CAL 188), Final exam June 21, 2012
3rd subject (20%): Find by two methods the inverse from
0 1
1

B = 1 1 3
3 1 3

Verify the obtained result.

First method (inverse by adjoint)

0 1
1
B = 1 1 3
3 1 3
1
0 1
3 = 1 ( 1) 3 + ( 1) ( 1) ( 1) + ( 3) 0 3 ( 1) ( 1) ( 3) ( 1) 1 3 ( 1) 0 3 = 2

B = 1 1
3 1
11 =

1 3
1 3

21 =
31 =

3
=0

=1

= 1

12 =

1 3
3 3

22 =

= 6

32 =

13 =

=0

= 2

0 1 1
0
1

Adj ( B ) = 6 0 2
B 1 = 6
2
2 1 1
2
0 1 0 1 1
1
2
1
1

1
B B = 1 1 3 6 0 2 = 0
2
2
3 1 3 2 1 1
0

1 1
3 1

23 =

= 2
0

3 1

33 =

1 1

=1
= 1

1 1

0 2
1 1
0 0 1 0 0
2 0 = 0 1 0
0 2 0 0 1

Second method (inverse by elementary transformations)

0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1
1
1

B = 1 1 3 ~ 0 1 2 ~ 0 0 2 ~~ 0
3 1 3 0 1 0 0 1 0
0
[H 21 (1), H 31 (3)] H 23 (1)
[H 2 (1 / 2), H 3 (1)]

0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0

0 1 ~ 0 1 0 ~ 0 1 0
1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1
H 23
H13 (1)

P = H13 (1) H 23 H 3 (1) H 2 (1 / 2) H 23 (1) H 31 (3) H 21 (1)

CAL 188, Final exam, June 21, 2012 - No. 2 / Solution of problem no. 3

P = H13 (1) H 23 H 3 (1) H 2 (1 / 2) H 23 (1) H 31 (3) H 21 (1)

1 1
1
1
1
1/ 2
P = 1
1 1

1 1
1
1 1 1
1
1

1 1 / 2
3
1
1

1
1
1 3
1
0 1 / 2 1 / 2
0 1 1
1

= 3 0
1 = 6 0 2
2
1 1 / 2 1 / 2
2 1 1
0 1 0 1 1
1
2
1

1 1
B B = 1 1 3 6 0 2 = 0
2
2
3 1 3 2 1 1
0

1
1
1 1 1 1 1 =

1
1 3
1
1
1 1 / 2
1

1 2 1 1 =
1 =
3
1 1 / 2
1

0 0 1 0 0
2 0 = 0 1 0
0 2 0 0 1

Third method (by elementary transformations applied to extended matrix)

0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1
0
0
1

B = 1 1 3 0 1 0 ~ 0 1 2 1 1 0 ~ 0 0
2 2 1 1 ~ 0 0 1 1 1 / 2 1 / 2
3 1 3 0 0 1 0 1 0 3 0 1 0 1 0 3 0 1 0 1 0 3 0
1
[H 21(1), H 31(3)]
H 23 (1)
[H 2 (1 / 2), H 3 (1)]
H 23
0
0 1 0 0 0 1 / 2 1 / 2
1 0 1 1

~ 0 1 0 3 0
1 ~ 0 1 0 3 0
1
0 0 1 1 1 / 2 1 / 2 0 0 1 1 1 / 2 1 / 2
[H13 (1)]
0

1
0 2
2
2 1 1

1
B 1 = 6

1 0 1 1
2 0 0
1

1 3 6 0 2 = 0 2 0
2
2
3 1 3 2 1 1
0 0 2

1
B B 1 = 1

CAL 188, Final exam, June 21, 2012 - No. 2 / Solution of problem no. 4

No. 2 / Solution of problem no. 4

Karabuk University, Faculty of Engineering,
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
Prof. Mihai Cernat
Linear Algebra (CAL 188), Final exam June 21, 2012
4th subject (20%): Find all solutions of
x1 + x2 + x3 = 4

2 x1 + 5 x2 2 x3 = 3
x +7x 7x = 5
2
3
1

Verify the obtained result.

x1 + x2 + x3 = 4

2 x1 + 5 x2 2 x3 = 3
x +7x 7x = 5
2
3
1

1 1 1
B = 2 5 2 = 35 + 14 2 5 + 14 + 14 = 0
1 7 7

The system contains only two independent equations. The rank of the system is r=2.
m=3, n=3, r=2
1 1 1 4
[BH ] = 2 5 2 3 ~
1 7 7 5
[H 21 (2), H 31 (1)]

1 1 1 4 1 1 1 4
0 3 4 5 ~ 0 3 4 5

0 6 8 1 0 0 0 9
H 32 (2)

The system is inconsistent (dont have solution).

CAL 188, Final exam, June 21, 2012 - No. 2 / Solution of problem no. 5

No. 2 / Solution of problem no. 5

Karabuk University, Faculty of Engineering,
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
Prof. Mihai Cernat
Linear Algebra (CAL 188), Final exam June 21, 2012
5th subject (20%): Find the non-trivial solutions of
2 x1 x2 + 3 x3 = 0

3 x1 + 2 x2 + x3 = 0
x 4 x + 5 x = 0
2
3
1

Verify the obtained result.

2 x1 x2 + 3 x3 = 0

3 x1 + 2 x2 + x3 = 0
x 4 x + 5 x = 0
2
3
1

2 1 3
B = 3 2 1 = 20 36 1 6 + 8 + 15 = 0
1 4 5

The system contains only two independent equations. The rank of the system is r=2.
m=3, n=3, r=2
2 1 3 1 4 5

B = 3 2 1 ~ 3 2 1
~
1 4 5 2 1 3
[H 21 (3), H 31 (2)]
H 31
1 0 1 x1 0
0 1 1 x 2 = 0

0 0 0 x3 0

1 4 5

~
0 14 14
0 7
7
H 3 (1 / 7), H 2 (1 / 14), H 32 (1)

x1+ x3 = 0

x 2 x3 = 0

x1= a

2a a + 3a + 0
3a + 2a + a = 0
a 4 a + 5a + 0

1 4 5

0 1 1
0 0
0
H12 (4)

x2= a

1 0 1

0 1 1
0 0 0

x3 = a