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Starter Unit
to be (singular)
Form
Im (am) Youre (are) Hes/Shes/Its (is) from Argentina.
Use
We use Wh- questions to ask for information. A: Hi, Im Jessica. Whats your name? B: Its Toms. Where are you from, Jessica? What, which and how are often used with other words to ask for specific information. What time is it? Which room is English in?
Use
We use the present simple of to be to talk about states. Im from Spain. Theyre good friends. We use short forms when speaking, except with is after words ending in -s. Im Jaime. Im from Barcelona. NOT I am Jaime. I am from Barcelona. This is my house. NOT Thiss my house. We use full forms in questions and short answers, and for emphasis. A: Are you French? B: Yes, I am. A: No, youre not. B: I am French! Honestly! We use short forms in informal writing, like e-mails and letters to friends. We use full forms in formal writing, like job applications and reports.
pron Make sure you verb. from form of the nce. NOT He z/) from Fra Hes (/hi France. in. NOT I from m/) from Spa Im (/aI Spain.
Plural nouns
To form regular plural nouns, we add -s to the noun. There is no fixed rule for irregular plural nouns. You have to learn them.
Regular nouns Singular Plural Irregular nouns Singular Plural
am is is is are
Energy 1 Grammar
To form the plural of nouns ending in -sh, -ch, -s, -x, -z or -o, we add -es. church churches bus buses box boxes tomato tomatoes To form the plurals of nouns ending in consonant + y, we change the y to i and add -es. baby babies To form the plural of nouns ending in -f, we change the f to v and add -es. shelf shelves
nouns. n with plural e dont use a/a W . some, any or We often use new CDs. ers. I want some rothers or sist nt got any b I have . I love animals
emember R
Unit 1
Subject pronouns and possessive adjectives
Subject pronouns Possessive adjectives
to be
Form
Positive
Spanish.
We use possessive adjectives to show possession. A: Hello. My names Andy. Whats your name? B: Hi, Andy. My names Jo. A: Is this your dog? Whats its name? B: Yes, it is. Its called Ben.
Im not (am not) You arent (are not) He/She/It isnt (is not) English. We/They arent (are not)
Questions
French?
To form the negative of we/you are and he/she/it is, we contract not and join it to the verb. We arent ready yet. She isnt very happy.
Energy 1 Grammar
To form the negative of I am, we contract I am (Im not). We dont contract not. Im not very good at sports. NOT I amnt very good at sports. To form questions, we put the correct form of to be before the subject. Am I late? Who is she?
use We sometimes what we say. to emphasise . rn to wash up A: Its your tu today. ts your turn B: It is not! I
Use
We use the present simple of to be to talk about descriptions and situations. Madrid is very hot in summer. My mum is an architect.
Unit 2
Possessive s
We use the possessive s with a noun to show possession. This is the bands new CD. Where is Angelas house? We often use s to describe peoples appearance. Mels eyes are brown. Mickeys hair is short and blond. We can omit the noun after possessive s, if it is clear what we mean. A: Are these your drums? B: No, theyre Daves. (Daves drums)
this/that/these/those
Form
Singular Plural
What are these? What are those? Are these your books?
We use this/that/these/those to talk about things when we dont know their names. A: Whats this? B: Its my new PSP! Give it to me! A: That looks good. What is it? B: Its my lunch! Get off! We use this/these for things that are close to us. Is this bag yours? These biscuits are really nice! We use that/those for things that are not close to us. Look at that car over there! Those people at the back are really noisy. I cant hear the film! We also use this/that/these/those to make it clear what we are talking about. A: Can I borrow a pen, please? B: Is this one OK? A: No, that one. The blue one. This book is really boring!
ssessi s can be a po ossessive) Toms guitar (p erb is) in the band. (v s the guitarist Tom
emember or a verb. R ve
Energy 1 Grammar
there is/there are
Positive Singular Plural Negative
There isnt (is not) a computer. There arent (are not) any posters.
Short answers
We use theres with singular nouns and there are with plural nouns. Theres a blackboard. There are mats on the floor. We use a/an with there is and some with there are in the positive. Theres a computer. There are some books. We use a/an with there is + single countable nouns in negatives and questions. There isnt a blackboard. Is there a computer? We use any with there are + plural nouns and there is + uncountable nouns in negatives and questions. There arent any chairs. Is there any water? We use any with there are in negatives and questions. There arent any desks. Are there any shelves?
Singular Plural
Yes, there is./No, there isnt. Yes, there are./No, there arent.
Singular Plural
Use
We use there is/there are to say something exists, or doesnt exist. Theres a desk for the teacher. There arent any desks for the students.
Unit 3
have got
Form
Positive Short answers Wh- questions
Yes, I have./No, I havent. Yes, you have./No, you havent. Yes, he has./No, she hasnt.
What colour hair has she got? What sort of car has he got?
can or a verb. It e a possessive s can b or have. be the verb is e) car. (possessiv is is my dads Th od student. (is) dys a very go An mputer. (has) a great new co Lauras got
! Remember
Use
got brown eyes?
We use have got to talk about states like possession, appearance and relationships. Shes got red hair. Weve got a house in the country.
Use
We use the present simple to talk about states, habits and routines. She lives in a house. She goes to school every day.
He She It
Negative
He She It
Questions
go to school.
Does
he she it
Short answers
I You We They
Questions
Do
I you we they
We add -s to the infinitive (without to) of most verbs to make the he/she/it form of the present simple positive. work works play plays For verbs ending in -s, -z, -sh, -ch or -x, we add -es to the infinitive. watch watches miss misses For verbs ending in consonant + y, we change the y to i and add -es. carry carries worry worries For verbs ending in -o, we add -es to the infinitive. go goes do does To form negatives, questions and short answers, we use the auxiliary verb does/doesnt with the infinitive (without to) of the main verb. He doesnt go to school on Saturdays. Does she live with her boyfriend? No, she doesnt.
in If there is a auxiliary verb on, we use the questi e main verb. answer, not th the short usic? A: Do you like m OT Yes, I like. B: Yes, I do. N ball? ster play foot A: Does your si Yes, she plays. she does. NOT B: Yes,
When we say how often we do things, we are talking about routines and habits, so we use the present simple with frequency adverbs. I usually visit my grandparents on Sundays. The traffic is always bad in the morning. We can use one word adverbs or adverb phrases. I never tidy my room. My dad goes running three times a week. Always, usually, often, sometimes and never go after the verb to be. Im always late! He is always friendly. But before the main verb. I usually go to my friends house on Saturdays. We never go shopping on Sundays. Frequency adverbs also go before the main verb (not the auxiliary verb) in negatives and questions. I dont often make mistakes. Do you always get good marks?
Adverb phrase sentence. week. work twice a with the house I help day. e guitar every I practise th
Object pronouns
Subject pronouns Object pronouns
We use object pronouns to replace nouns, so we dont have to repeat them. A: Do you know Clive? B: Yes, I do. I go to school with him. NOT I go to school with Clive. Jennys very nice. I really like her. NOT I really like Jenny. We use object pronouns after verbs and after prepositions. My English pen friend e-mails me every week. I talk to her every day.
Unit 6
can/cant (ability)
Form
Positive Negative
can swim.
cant swim.
Energy 1 Grammar
Questions
Imperatives
I you he she it we they
Form
Positive
Can
swim?
Short answers
Dont speak Spanish in your English class. Do not run in the classroom.
Can is an auxiliary verb. It is followed by another verb in the infinitive (without to). I can swim. NOT I can to swim. I cant do maths. NOT I cant to do maths. Can is the same in all persons. There is no -s in the third person singular. He can dance. NOT He cans dance. We can dance too. To form questions, we put can before the subject. The order is can + subject + infinitive (without to). We dont use do. Can you write a letter in English? NOT Do you can write a letter in English? What instrument can you play? NOT What instrument do you can play?
To form the positive imperative, we use the infinitive of the verb (without to). It does not change. Help me! Call me tomorrow. To form the negative we put dont before the infinitive (without to). Dont cheat. Dont sit there.
only is do not. We form of dont The full what we say, to emphasise use this form riting. or in formal w when e. Do not talk told you befor Ive Im talking. unattended. not leave bags Notice: Do
! Remember
Use
We use can/cant to talk about ability things we are able to do, or not able to do. I can play the guitar. Can you sing? We also use can to make requests. Can you explain this, please? Can I have a drink, please?
Use
We use the imperative to give commands or instructions. Read the instructions before you start the exercise. Go to the bakers and get some bread. We also use the imperative to make suggestions. A: Its no good. I cant do this homework. B: Ask Mr James to explain it again. He wont mind. The imperative is used in many fixed expressions. Have a good weekend! Bye. Take care.
is very . The Pronunciation ot pronounced nt is often n -t of ca cant tell the ds of can and vowel soun word it is. listener which ed) o it. (unstress I can /kn/ d ) n/ (stressed Yes, I can. /k nt o it. NOT I ca cant /kAnt/ d I /knt/ do it.
To form questions, we put the correct form of to be before the subject. Are you listening to me? What are you doing?
When the infinitive ends in -e, we usually drop the -e and add -ing. make making ride riding When the infinitive ends in a single vowel and a single consonant, we usually double the final consonant. run running travel travelling
u r forms. If yo many irregula There are onary. k in your dicti nt sure, chec are ing seeing NOT se e se sitting visiting NOT vi t visi
! Remember
To form the present continuous, we use the present simple of to be (am/is/are) and the -ing form of the verb. Hes playing very well today. Theyre working very hard at the moment. To form negatives, we add not to the correct form of the verb to be. Im not playing any more. Shes not listening.
Use
We use the present continuous to talk about things that are happening at the moment of speaking. Be quiet! Im watching the film.
Energy 1 Grammar
We also use the present continuous to talk about things which are happening around now. They may not be happening at the moment of speaking, but theyve started and they havent finished. A: You look tired. B: Yes, I am. Im studying really hard for my exams next week. Ronaldinho scored again last night. Hes playing really well at the moment.
the pr . We dont use appening now gs which are h about thin you doing? A: What are I go s house. NOT ing to Ahmed B: Im go se. to Ahmeds hou
Unit 8
was/were/wasnt/werent
Form
Positive
Use
We use the past simple of to be to talk about descriptions and situations in the past. The weather was really bad last weekend. I wasnt very confident when I was young, but I am now.
The situation we are talking about can be very recent or a long time ago. The important thing is that it is finished. A: Is Tom here? B: He was here a minute ago. My uncle was in Germany in the 1960s. The situation we are talking about can be short or long. Again, the important thing is that it is finished. A: Do you know how much phone calls cost? B: Oh mum! I was only on the phone for two minutes! The 19th century was a period of great scientific progress.
Yes, I was./No, I wasnt. Yes, she was./ No she wasnt. Yes, we were./No, we werent.
Wh- questions
What was the homework yesterday? Where were you last night?
To form the past simple of to be, we use was and were. I was late for school again this morning. They were at the party on Saturday night.
Energy 1 Grammar
Spelling of regular verbs
To form the simple past of regular verbs we add -ed to the infinitive. watch watched start started If the infinitive ends in -e, we add -d. live lived dance danced When the infinitive ends in a single vowel and a single consonant (except -w or -y), we double the final consonant. stop stopped travel travelled But stay stayed NOT stayyed When the infinitive ends in a consonant and -y, we change the -y to -i and add -ed. carry carried cry cried Some of the most common irregular past forms are: go went come came get got make made have had do did
the The simple pa pt to be, stay lar verbs, exce irregu rsons. same in all pe well. He played very g. nis all mornin We played ten
Use
We use the past simple to talk about finished actions and situations in the past. I worked in a supermarket last summer. The band practised every day before their first concert. The action/situation can be recent or a long time ago. It can be short or long. The important thing is that it is finished. I talked to Mel this morning. Her parents lived in Trinidad before they came to Britain.
Irregular verbs
There are no rules for the form of irregular verbs. You have to learn them. Look at the Irregular Verbs list on page 54 of your Wordstore Vocabulary Notebook.
Unit 9
must/mustnt
Form
Positive
Must is an auxiliary verb. It is followed by another verb in the infinitive (without to). I must study for the test. NOT I must to study for the test. You mustnt forget your mums birthday again! NOT You mustnt to forget your mums birthday again! Must/Mustnt is the same in all persons. There is no -s in the third person singular. He must help with the housework every weekend. NOT He musts help with the housework every weekend. She mustnt bully her little sister.
Use
mustnt eat too much fat and sugar.
We use must to talk about obligation and necessity things we are obliged to do or need to do; we have no choice. You must arrive at school on time. You must work harder to pass the exam.
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Energy 1 Grammar
We use mustnt to talk about obligation not to do something. Basketball players mustnt kick the ball. You mustnt cross the road when the light is red.
Wh- questions
To form the negative, we put did not (didnt) before the infinitive (without to). She didnt watch the game. We didnt stay late at the party. To form questions, we put the auxiliary did before the subject. The order is did + subject + infinitive (without to). Did you have a good time? Where did you go?
didnt come.
come?
persons. e same in all nd did are th Didnt a me. She didnt see Did he call you?
! Remember
Short answers
Unit 10
going to
Form
Positive Questions
going to be alright?
Which songs are you going to play? Where are you going to stay? not going to finish before 8.
To form going to, we use the present simple of to be (am/is/are) + going to + infinitive (without to). Im going to see the film on Friday. They arent going to work tomorrow.
Pearson Educacin, S.A., 2007
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Energy 1 Grammar
To form questions, we put the correct form of to be before the subject. Are you going to go to university? When are you going to play again?
Use
We use going to to talk about plans and intentions for the future. What are you going to do when you leave school? Were going to make a CD.
uxiliary e To be is an a that we use th to. Remember not the with going ort answers, ary verb in sh auxili main verb. rty? g to have a pa A: Are you goin Im going to. am. NOT Yes, B: Yes, I
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