AVERAGE AVERAGE = Xn Type:1 The average of first 5 prime nos. The average of first 50 natural nos.

s. The average of first five multiples of 3. Ave= [n(n+1)/2]n 1.(2+3+5+7+11)/5=28/5=5.6 2. (50+1)/2= 51/2=25.5 3. 3(5+1)/2=3x6/2=9 AVERAGE PROBLEMS ON AGES PERCENTAGE PROFIT & LOSS RATIO & PROPORTION TIME & WORK TIME & DISTANCE MIXTURE INTEREST 4.The ave of Kanchanas marks in 7 subjects is 75. His ave in six sub excluding science is 72. How many marks did he get in science? 7x75-6x72=525-432=93. 5.The ave of eight nos is 14. The ave of six of these nos is 16. The ave of the remaining two nos is 8x14 6x16 =112 96 =16 16/2=8 6.The ave of 10 nos is 7. If each no is multiplied by 12, then the ave of new set of nos is 7x12=84 7.The ave of 6 nos is 30. If the ave of first 4 is 25 and that of last 3 is 35, the 4th no. is. 6x30=180 4x25 +3x35=100+105=205 205 180 =25 8. Out of 4 nos , ave of first 3 is 16. And that of the last three is 15. If the last no. is 18, then the first no. is . Sum of last 3 nos=3x15=45

Sum of 2nd and 3rd no.=45 -18 =27 Sum of first 3 nos. =3x16=48 First no = 48 27 =21 Type:2 When a person leaves a group and another person joins the group ,then Increasing of ave age: Age of the new one = no.of personsxincrease in ave + age of separated person 9. The ave weight of 10 men is increased by 1.8 kg when one of the man who weighs 53 kg is replaced by a new man. Find the weight of the new man. 10x1.8+53=71 10.The ave age of 8 men is increased by 4 yrs when one of them whose age is 30 yrs is replaced by a fresh man. What is the age of the fresh man? Ans . 62yrs. Rule 2. In case of decreasing: subtraction 11. the ave weight of 6 men decreases by 3kg. when one of them weighing 80kg is replaced by a new man. The ave weight of the new man is: 80 6x3 =80 18 = 62kg Type 3: when a person excluded DECREASING AVERAGE Age of new = previous ave+no of perxdecreasing ave 12.The ave age of 24 boys and the teacher is 15 yrs. When the teachers age is excluded the ave decreased by 1 . what is the ave of the teacher? 15 + 24x1 = 39yrs

Case2: Increasing ave subtraction. 13.The ave age of 10 girls in a hostel is 19 yrs. But one girl left the hostel and the ave age is increased by yr. then how many yrs she is old? 19 - 9x1/2 = 14.5yrs 14.Three yrs ago the ave age of A and B was 18yrs. With C joining them now the ave become 22 yrs . how old is C? A+B = 2x18=36 Now A+B = 36+6=42 A+B+C=3x22=66 Age of c=66 42 =24yrs AVERAGE SPEED: Distance same but diff speed Average speed = 2xy/(x+y) 15.Distance between two stations A and B is 778 kms. Hari covers the journey from A to B at 84 kms per hour and returns back to A with a uniform speed of 56kmph. Find the ave speed. Ave speed = 2x84x56/(84+56) =2x84x56/140=67.2kmph

AGE PROBLEMS 1.The ratio of the age of mohan and sona is 4:5. Twelve yrs hence their ages will be in the ratio of 5:6. What will be sonas age after 6yrs? Present: Mohan 4x & Sona 5x (4x+12)/(5x+12) = 5/6 6(4x+12) = 5(5x+12)

24x+72 = 25x+60 25x 24x = 72 60 X = 12 Sonas age = 5x+6 = 5x12+6=66yrs. 2.A man is four times as old as his son. 5 yrs ago the man was nine times as old as his son was at that time. What is the present age of the man? Present: son =x & man=4x 5 yrs ago 4x 5 = 9(x-5) 4x 5 = 9x 45 5x = 40 X=8 Age of the man = 4x8=32yrs. 3. The sum of the ages of Aruna and her mother is 49 yrs. Also 7 yrs ago, the motherss age was 4 times Arunas age. Find the present age of Arunas mother.. Present: Aruna= x mother = 49 x 7 yrs ago: 49 x-7 = 4(x-7) 42 x = 4x 28 5x = 70 X = 14 Arunas mother age = 49-14 =35 yrs 4. The ages of A and B differ by 16 yrs. If 6 yrs ago , the elder one be 3 times as old as younger one , find their pre ages. Present : A = x & B = x+16 X + 16 6 = 3(x- 6) X+10=3x-18 2x=28 X=14 A = 14 & B = 30 5.Snehas age is 1/6th of her fathers age. Snehas fathers age will be twice of Vimals age after 10yrs. If Vimals 8th birthday was celebrated two yrs before, then what is snehas present age?

Vimals age after 10 yrs = 8 + 2 +10=20yrs Fathers age after 10 yrs = 2x20=40yrs Fathers pre age = 30 Snehas pre age = 1/6 of 30 = 5 yrs 6. Jay is as much as younger to Anil as he is older to prakash. If the sum of the ages of Anil and prakash is 48 yrs. What is the age of Jay? Anil Jay Prakash A-J=J-P 2J=A+P=48 J=24yrs. 7.Kamala got married 6 yrs ago. Today her age is 1 times her age at the time of marriage.Her sons age is 1/10 times her age . her sons age is: Present age: x X = 1 (x-6) X = 5/4 (x-6) 4X=5x-30 X=30 Sons age=1/10times 30=3yrs. 8.10yrs ago, sudhas mother was 4 times older than her daughter. After 10 yrs, the mother will be twice older than daughter. The present age of sudha age is: 10 yrs ago: sudha=x & mother=4x 10 yrs after 4x+20=2(x+20) 4x 2x=40-20 2x = 20 X=10 Sudhas pre age = x+10=20yrs 9.If 6yrs are subtracted from the present age of Ajay and the remainder is divided by 18. Then the present age of his grandson Anup is obtained. If Anup is 2 yrs younger to Mageshs whose age is 5 yrs, then what is the present age of Ajay? Ajay pre age: x (x-6)/18=Anups age=3 x-6=3x18=54 x=60

10.The age father 10 yrs ago was thrice the age of his son. Ten yrs hence, the fathers age will be twice that of his son. The ratio of their present age is: 10 yrs ago : sons age = x fathers age=3x 3x+20=2(x+20) 3x-2x=40-20=20 X=20 Present age: F=60+10=70&s=20+10=30 Ratio= 70:30=7:3

Y = 10400/312 =2600/78=1300/39=100/3=33 1/3 % 3.30%of30%0f 900 = 30x30x900/100x100=81 RULES: 1. If A is r% more thanB then B is less than A = [r/(100+r)]x100% 2. If A is r% less than B then B is more than A = [r/(100-r)]x100% 3. If the price increases by r% then Reduction in consumption not to Extra expenditure is: [r/(100+r)]x100% 4. If the price decreases by r% then Increase in consumption not to decrease expenditure is: [r/(100-r)]x100% 1. If As salaryis 20% less than Bs salary, by how much percent is Bs salary more than As? [r/(100-r)]x100%=(20/80)x100%=25% 2. If A earns 33 1/3% more than B, then B earns less than A by: [ (100/3)/(100+100/3)]x100% =[(100/3)/(400/3)]x100% = (1/4)x100%=25% 3. If the price of tea is increased by 20%. Find by how much percent must a Householder reduce her consumption of tea so as to not to increase the expenditure. ( 20/120)x100%=100/6=50/3=16 2/3%

PERCENTAGE Percent means out of 100 To convert percentage: into fraction divide by 100 To convert into percentage : multiplied by 100 1.convert into fraction: 15%=15/100=3/20 0.6% = 0.6/100=6/1000=3/500 2.Express as percent: 4/25=(4/25)x100%=16% 1. If x% of y=xy/100 2. If x% of y=Z, then xy/100=Z 1.12%of 240 = 12x240/100=288/10=28.8 2. 35%of160+60%of80=?%of312 35x160/100 + 60x80/100=312y/100 5600 + 4800 = 312y 10400 =312y

4. If the price of the sugar decreases by 20%, find by how much percent must a householder increase her consumption of sugar so as not to increase the expenditure: (20/80)x100%=25% RULE: First X% is increased then y% increased , increase in percent=x+y+xy/10 Decreasing x% and y% on price then reduction percent: x+yxy/100 5.The price of a machine is increased 20% and then 30% .what percent increase in price? 20+30+20x30/100=56 6.If 70% of the students are boys and the no.of girls is 504, the no.of boys is: 30%of x=504 30x/100=504 X = 50400/30=1680 70%0f 1680=70x1680/100=1176 7.A student has to secure 40% marks to pass. He gets 178 marks and fails by 22 marks. The max marks are: 40% of x=200 40x/100=200 X=200x100/40=500 8.A house owner was having his house painted. He was advised that he would require 25kg of paint. Allowing for 15% wastage and assuming that the paint is available in 2kg cans. What would be the cost of paint purchased, if one can cost Rs.16?

X 15%ofx= 25 x-15x/100=25 x-3x/20=25 17x=25x20 X=500/17=29.41=30kg=15cans Cost=15x16=Rs.240 9.In an examination 1100 boys nd 900 girls appeared. 50% of the boys and 40% of the girls passed the exsmination. The percentage of candidates failed is: failed = 50%of1100+60%0f 900 Failed percentage=(550+540/2000)x100 =109/2=54.5% 10.The length and breadth 0f a square are increased by 40% and 30% resply. The area of the resulting rectangle exceeds the area of the square by: L=10 & b=10 A=100 New l=14 b=13 New A=14x13=182 Inc percent=82% 11. The length of the rectangle is increased by 60% .By what percent would the width have to be decreased to maintain the same area? L=10 & b=10 so A=100 New l=16 b=? 16x(10-x)=100 160-16x=100 16x=60 X=60/16=15/4=3.75 =(3.75/10)x100=37.5%

12.The length of the rectangle is increased by 20% and the width is decreased by 20%. The area decreased by : L=10 & b=10 A=100 New l=12 b=8 A=12x8=96 Dec area=4 13.From the salary of an officer 10% is deducted as house rent, 15% of the rest he spends on childrens edu and 10% of the balance he spends on clothes. Then he is left with Rs.4131. Find his total salary. 90%of85%of90%ofx=4131 (90x85x90/100x100x100)x=4131 X=4131x100x100/9x9x85 =459x100x100/9x85 =51x100x100/85 = 51x100x20/17 =3x100x20=6000. 14.Avinash spends 30% of his income on petrol, of the remaning on house rent and the balance on food. If he spends Rs.300 on petrol, then what is the expenditure on house rent? 30%of x=300 30x=30000 X=1000 House rent=1/4th of (1000-300) = 1/4th x700=175

PROFIT AND LOSS FORMULAE: Profit=S.P-C.P Loss = C.P-S.P Profit%=(profit/C.P)x100 Loss % = (loss/C.P)x100 If gain 20% then S.P=120%of c.P If loss 20% then S.P=80%of C.P 1.If by selling an article for Rs.100, a man gains Rs.15, then his gain %: Gain %= (15/85)x100=(3/17)x100 =17 11/17% 2.find S.P when C.P=Rs.56.25 gain%=20% S.P=120%of C.P =120x56.25/100=Rs.67.50 =12x56.25/10 [10x56.25=562.5 2x56.25=112.50 = 675 & 675/10=67.5] 3.C.P=Rs.80.40 loss%=15% S.P = 85%0f 80.40 =85x80.40/100 =17x80.40/20 =17x2=4.02=68.34 4.Find C.P when S.P=Rs.40.60 gain=16% C.P= 100x40.60/116=4060/116 =1015/29=35 C.P=Rs.35

5.S.P=51.70, Loss-=12%, CP=? C.P=100x51.70/88 =5170/88=470/8=58.75 C.P=Rs.58.75 RULE: If C.P of x goods=S.P of Y goods(x>y) Gain%=[(x-y)/y]x100 Loss % = [(y-x)/y]x100 6.If C.P of 69 goods is equal to S.P of 50 goods, then gain percent: Gain %= (19/50)x100=19x2=38% 7.The C.P of 12 articles is equal to S.P of 9 articles find the gain %: Gain%=(3/9)x100=100/3=33 1/3% 8.If the C.P of 16 articles is equal to S.P of 20 articles. Find the gain or loss% Loss%= (4/20)x100=20% RULE: If both x% &y% gain or loss then C.P=(100/x-y )diff iin S.P If one is gain% and another is loss% C.P.=(100/x+y)xdiff in S.P 9. A motor cycle is sold at a gain of 18%. If it had been sold for Rs.490 more, 23% would have been gain. The C.P of the motor cycle is: C.P= (100/5)x490=20x490=9800

10. Aditya sold his scooter at a gain of 13% instead of at a loss of 12% then he got Rs.2250 more, C.P. of scooter was: C.P=(100/25)x2250=4x2250=9000

RULE: 1. Price of two things is equal And sold one is at the profit of x% another is sold at loss of x% then there is no profit and no gain percent. 2. Selling of two things at the same price each and in this loss on first is x% and gain on second at x% then there is always loss. Loss %=(x/10) 3. Selling of a thing A to B is x% , B to C is y% and C to D is z% then C.P. of D = (1+x/100)(1+y/100)(1+z/100) 4. Suppose loss x%, y%, and z% then C.P of D= (1-x/100)(1-y/100)(1-z/100) TIME AND WORK RULES: 1. If A can do a piece of work in n day then As 1 day work=n 2. If A is thrice as good a workman as B then Ratio of work done by A and B=3:1 Ratio of time taken by A and B=1:3 3. Wages of A= days of B/days of (A+B) 4. Ratio of workdone of A:B:C=a:b:c Then wages of A:B:C=bc:ac:ab

1. A can do a piece of work in 10 days which B alone can do in 12 days. How many days will they finish the work, both working together? 1/10 + 1/12 = (12+10)/10x12 = 22/10x12 =11/10x6 = 11/66 Finish the work=66/11days =5 5/11 days[( A+B)/AB] 2. A alone can do a piece of work in 2 days. B alone can do it in 5 days. Total wages for the work are Rs. 91. How much A is paid if they finish the work together? [ B/(A+B)]xtotal wages (5/7)x91=5x13=Rs.65 3. A can do a piece of work in 10 days , B in 15 days and C in 6 days. If they get Rs.230 for the whole work, how much B is paid? bc:ac:ab=90:60:150 9:6:15=3:2:5 =(2/(3+2+5)=(2/10)x230=Rs.46 4. A and B working together can dig a trench in 8 hours while A alone dig it in 12 hours. How many hours B alone can dig such a trench? 1/8 - 1/12 = (12 8)/8x12 = 4/ 8x12 =1/24 B can finished in 24 hrs 5. A and B undertake to do a piece of work for Rs.600. A alone can do it in 6 days while B alone can do it in 8 days. With the help of C they finish it in 3 days. Find the share of each. 1/6 + 1/8 + C = 1/3 C = 1/3 (1/6 + 1/8)

=1/3- (8+6)/6x8 = 1/3 14/6x8 = 1/3 7/24 = (24-21)/3x24=3/3x24=1/24 A:B:C=6:8:24 =3:4:12 bc:ac:ab=48:36:12=4:3:1 wages of A=(4/8 )x600=300 wages of B=(3/8)x600=225 wages of C=75 6. A+B can do a work in 10 days , B+C can do a work in 15 days A+C can do a work in 12 days. In how many days C will finish the work? 2(A+B+C)s1 day work=1/10 + 1/15 + /12 (15x12+10x12+10x15)/10x15x12 =(180+120+150)/10x15x12 =450/10x15x12 =1/4 A+B+Cs 1 day work=1/8 A alone finish the work = 1/8 (A+B) =1/8 1/10 =(10-8)/8x10 =2/8x10=1/40 ANS :40 days 7. A can do a piece of work in 80 days, He works at it for 10 days and then B alone finishes the remaining work in 42 days. They together could complete the work in how many days? As 10 day work = 10/80=1/8 Remaining work = 1 1/8=7/8 B do this 7/8 of the work = 42 days Whole work = 42x8/7=48 days

A+Bs 1 day work=1/80 + 1/48 =(48+80)/80X48=128/80X48 =16/10X48=1/10X3 =1/30 30 days 8. A is twice as good as B and together they finish a piece of work in 18 days. In how many days will A alone finish the work? A+Bs1 day work = 1/18 1 days work of (A:B)=2:1 As 1 day work = (2/3)x1/18=2/3x18 1/27 A alone can finish the work in 27 days. 9. A is thrice as good workman as B and takes 10 days less to do a work than B. B alone can do the whole work in :----days? 1 days work of A:B=3:1 Time taken A:B=1:3 If diff (3-1) 2 days B takes 3 days If diff 10 days then B takes (3/2)x10=15days [ 1:3=(x-10):x X = 3(x-10) X=3x-30 2X=30 x=15 ] 10. A and B working separately can do a piece of work in 9 and 12 days respectively. If they work for a day alternately. A beginning. In how many days the work will be completed? (A+B)s 1 day work=1/9 + 1/12 (12+9)/9x12=21/9x12=7/3x12 I pair of work =7/36 5 pairs of work=35/36

Remaining work = 1/36 Now 11th day, so As turn 1/9 of the work = 1day 1/36 of the work = (1/36)x9/1=1/4day Total time taken=10 days

TIME AND DISTANCE FORMULA: 1. Speed = distance/time 2. X km/hr = 5/18m/sec 3. Y m/sec=18/5 km/hr RULE: 1. Time taken by a train in passing a signal or pole or man= Length of the train/speed of the train 2. Passing a railway bridge , platform, tunnel or a train at rest = length of the (train + platform)/speed 3. Time taken by faster train to pass the slower train in the same direction = length of 1st + 2nd train/Diff in speed 4. Time taken by the trains in passing each other in opposite directions = length of the 1st+ 2nd train/sum of the speed 5. T o cross the man = length of the train/speed of (Train-man) 6. To cross the man running opposite direction = length of the train/speed of (train + man)

1. A scoooterist covers a certain distance at 36kmph, how many metres does he cover in 2 minutes? 36kmph=36x5/18=10m/sec For 2 min = 10x2x60=1200m 2. If a man run at 3m/sc how many km does he run in 1 hr 40min? 3x18/5=54/5km/hr Dis in 1 hr 40 min = 1 40/60 =1 2/3=5/3hr Dis = (54/5)x5/3=18km 3. If a man walks at the rate of 5km/hr, he misses a train by only 7 minutes. However, if he walks at the rate of 6kmph he reaches the station 5 minutes before the arrival of the train; find the distance covered by him to reach the station. Dis = x km Diff in time taken = 12 min ( 7+5) =12/60=1/5 x/5 x/6 = 1/5 (6x 5x)/30 = 1/5 x/30 = 1/5 x = 30x1/5 =6km 4. A man travels for 5 hrs 15min. if he covers the first half of the journey at 60 km/h and the rest at 45km/h. find the total distance travelled by him. Dis = x km (x/2)/60 + (x/2)/45 = 21/4 x/120 + x/90 = 21/4 (90x + 120x)/120x90 = 21/4 210x/120x90 = 21/4 7x/4x90 =21/4

7x = 21x90 X=21x90/7 =270km 5. Find the time taken by a train 180m long, running at 72km/h in crossing an electric pole. Time taken = dis/speed 72km/h=72x5/18=20m/sec Time = 180/20=9 sec. 6. A train 140m long is running at 60km/h. in how much time will it pass a platform 260m long. 60km/h=60x5/18=10x5/3=50/3 Time=dis/speed = (140+260)x3/50 =400x3/50=80x3=24sec 7. A man is standing on a railway bridge which is 180m long. He finds that a train crosses the bridge in 20sec but he in 8sec. find the length of the train and its speed. Length x metre When crossing a Man: Speed = dis/time=x/8 When crossing platform Speed = (x+180)/20 x/8=(x+180)/20 20x=8(x+180) 20x 8x =8x180 12x=8x180 X=8x180/12=8x15=120m Length=120m Speed = dis/time=120/8=15m/sec =15x18/5=54km/h

8. A train 150m long is running with a speed of 68km/h. in what time will it pass a man who is running at 8km/h in the same direction in which the train is going. Speed= 68-8=60km/h=60x5/18=50/3m/sec Time taken = dis/speed=150x3/50=9sec 9. A train 220m long is running with a speed of 59km/h. in what time will it pass a man who is running at 7km/h in the direction opposite to that in which the train is going? Speed = 59+7=66km/h=66x5/18 11x5/3=55/3m/sec Time = dis/speed=220x3/55 =20x3/5=12sec 10. A and B are two stations 330km apart. A train starts from A at 8 a.m. and travels towards B at 60km/h. Another train starts from B at 9 a.m. and travels towardsnA at 75km/h. At what time do they meet. Ans: Meet x hrs after 8a.m. Dis travelled by 1st train in x hrs + dis trave by 2nd train in x-1 hrs = 330 60*x +75(x-1)=330 60x+75x-75=330 135x=405 X = 405/135=3hrs They meet at 11 a.m.

RATIO AND PROPORTION If a:b = 5:9 and b:c=4:7 find a:b:c and a:c a:b =5:9 b:c= 4:7 a:b:c = 20:36:63 a:c = a/b x b/c = 5/9 x 4/7 =20/63 20:63 2. Divide Rs.1162 among A,B,C, in the ratio 35:28:20 Total parts=35+28+20=83 As share = (35/83)x1162= 490 Bs share = (28/83)/1162 =392 Cs share = 1162-490-392=280 3. f 2A=3B=4C then A:B:C is lcm of 2,3,4 is = 12 A/6 = B/4 = C/3 A:B:C = 6:4:3 4. If 1/3 A = B = 1/5 C then A:B:C Ans : 3:4:5 5. If A=1/3 B and B= C then A:B:C A/B =1/3 B/C=1/2 A:B = 1:3 B:C = 1:2 A:B:C = 1:3:6 PROPORTION: 1. a:b = c:d product of means = product of extremes 2. a:b=c:d, d is the fourth proportion 3. third proportional to a,b is the fourth proportion to a,b,b 4. Mean proportional to a and b is ab 1.