Chapter 2: Theoretical Framework 2.

1 Introduction

This chapter discusses the different theories that used and practiced by the proponents. By reviewing the steps, we

understand further different transaction and application used regarding to the development of the proposed system, which the proponents took efforts to study the concept, transaction, application and operation. Web application is one of the organizations significant areas. It must produce a precise data to satisfy customer regarding product details, price and transactions that can be done through online.

Online Information with Reservation and Billing System for Bread Depot

2-1
sa

2.2 Database Management System (DBMS) Database Management System (DBMS), or sometimes known as Database Manager, is a program which is the suite of software applications that together make it possible for people or businesses to create, store, modify, retrieve and access data in a database module, which types. The DBMS manages user requests as well as the request from the other programs in order for the users and other program s to be free from having needed to understand where the data is physically located in the storage media and, in a multi-user system, which likewise be accessing the data. In handling user requests, the DBMS ensures the integrity of the data. That is, making sure it continues to be accessible and consistently organized as intended. And security, which makes sure only those with access the data. [TECH2012]

SQL (Standard Query Language) 2-2

sa

Online Information with Reservation and Billing System for Bread Depot

Is a standard interactive and programming language for querying and modifying data and managing database. It is a database computer language design for the retrieval and management of data in a relational database management system (RDBMS), database schema

creation and modification, and database object access control management. In this study, we use the study the Standard Query Language (SQL) to record all the files that are needed for storing information regarding the payroll system. These were also use for easy retrieval and management of data. [W3SC2012]

2.3 Information System (IS) It is a process wherein we can organize data, input new activities, update changes and delete all the unnecessary information in the database. It can be done manually or in an automated procedure. By means of information system, we can help the organization neutralized their problems with regarding to the updates of their information.

2.4 Transaction Processing System Online Information with Reservation and Billing System for Bread Depot 2-3
sa

A Transaction Processing System (TPS) is a type of information system that collects, stores, modifies and retrieves the data transactions of an enterprise. Today, many small and big enterprises acknowledge TPS as an application that is an advantage enough to handle transaction, TPS has a major problems that to be attended to. Spawning a unique process for each user having his own copy of all the data simply creates too much overhead for the operating system. Transaction systems handle errors in a safe and consistent manner, but there are certain errors that cannot be avoided. So away must exist to handle them when they occur. It is not possible to simply abort a current process. The consequences to a database left in an inconsistent state could render the entire system unusable. This is why the term transaction introduced. A transaction runs like a sub program that modifies the database and the session status, leading from one consistent state to another. The major hurdle to be overcome by programmers of Transaction Processing Systems is to write application programs that meet these objectives. Since a program is not alive and unique for each User, the application data cannot rest with the program variables between user interactions. Therefore, application program must contain special routines to handle session data. Programs also have to a great deal of error handling to make transaction truly safe.[SCRI2012] Online Information with Reservation and Billing System for Bread Depot 2-4
sa

2.5 Internet The Internet is connected to the computer network that can be used by the public around the world. Sent the data by switching using the standard Internet Protocol (IP). It involves millions of private, public, school and government networks with local

comprehensive coverage and associated with copper wire, fiberoptic wire, wireless connections and other technologies. It carries various information and services, such as electronic mail , online chat , and Religion-related web pages of World Wide

Web . Because it is the largest and broadest internet in the world, it is called the Internet.[BUSI2012]

2.5.1 HTML HyperText Markup Language (HTML) is the

main markup language for web pages. HTML elements are the basic building-blocks of web pages. The purpose of a web browser is to read HTML documents and compose them into visible or audible web pages. The browser does not display the HTML tags, but uses the tags to interpret the content of the page. HTML elements form the building blocks of all websites. HTML allows images and objects to be embedded Online Information with Reservation and Billing System for Bread Depot 2-5
sa

and can be used to create interactive forms. It provides a means to create structured documents by denoting

structural semantics for text such as headings, paragraphs, lists, links, quotes and other items. It can embed scripts in languages such as JavaScript which affect the behavior of HTML web pages. [W3SC2012]

2.5.2 JavaScript JavaScript is a prototype-based scripting language that is dynamic, weakly typed and has first-class functions. It is a multi-paradigm language, supporting object-oriented, imperative, and functional programming styles. JavaScript was formalized in the ECMAScript language standard and is primarily used in the form of client-side JavaScript, implemented as part of a Web browser in order to provide enhanced user interfaces and dynamic websites. This enables programmatic access to computational [WEBO2012] objects within a host environment.

2.5.3 Cascading Style Sheet

Online Information with Reservation and Billing System for Bread Depot

2-6
sa

Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) is a style sheet language used to describe the presentation semantics (the look and formatting) of a document written in a markup language. CSS is designed primarily to enable the separation of document content (written in HTML or a similar markup language) from document presentation, including elements such as the layout, colors, and fonts. This separation can improve content accessibility, provide more flexibility and control in the specification of presentation characteristics, enable multiple pages to share formatting, and reduce complexity and repetition in the structural content (such as by allowing for table less web design). CSS can also allow the same markup page to be presented in different styles for different rendering methods, such as on-screen, in print, by voice (when read out by a speech-based browser or screen reader) and on Braille-based, tactile devices. It can also be used to allow the web page to display differently depending on the screen size or device on which it is being viewed. While the author of a document typically links that document to a CSS style sheet, readers can use a different style sheet, perhaps one on their own computer, to override the one the author has specified [WEBD2012] Online Information with Reservation and Billing System for Bread Depot 2-7
sa

2.5.4 PHP PHP is a scripting language that is often embedded into HTML to add functions HTML alone can't do. PHP allows you to collect process and utilize data to create a desired output. In short, it lets you interact with your pages. PHP is able to perform a number of tasks including printing data, making numeric calculations (such as addition or multiplication), making

comparisons (which is bigger, are they equal, etc) and making simple Boolean choices. From this you can create more complex loops and functions to make your page generate more specialized data. [ABOU2012]

2.6 Web Site A website, also written as Web site, web site, or

simply site, is a set of related web pages containing content (media), Online Information with Reservation and Billing System for Bread Depot 2-8
sa

including text, video, music, audio, images, etc. A website is hosted on at least one web server, accessible via a network such as the Internet or a private local through an Internet address known as a Uniform Resource Locator. A webpage is a document, typically written in plain text interspersed with formatting instructions of Hypertext Markup Language (HTML, XHTML). A webpage may incorporate elements from other websites with suitable markup anchors. Web pages are accessed and transported with the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), which may optionally employ encryption (HTTP Secure, HTTPS) to provide security and privacy for the user of the webpage content. The user's application, often a web browser, renders the page content according to its HTML markup instructions onto a display terminal. [WEBO2012]

2.7 Advertising Advertising is a form of communication used to encourage or persuade an audience (viewers, readers or listeners) to continue or Online Information with Reservation and Billing System for Bread Depot 2-9
sa

take some new action. Most commonly, the desired result is to drive consumer behavior with respect to a commercial offering, although political and ideological advertising is also common. The purpose of advertising may also be to reassure employees or shareholders that a company is viable or successful. Advertising messages are usually paid for by sponsors and viewed via various traditional media; including mass media such as newspaper,

magazines, television, radio advertising or direct mail; or new messages. Commercial advertisers often

advertisement, outdoor such as websites and text

seek

to

generate

increased consumption of

their products or

services through

"Branding," which involves the repetition of an image or product name in an effort to associate certain qualities with the brand in the minds of consumers.[PUBL2012]

2.1 Summary In this chapter the proponents discussed the theories that help the proponent in developing the system, also the design strategy of the proposed system. Online Information with Reservation and Billing System for Bread Depot 2-10
sa