COURSE SYLLABUS

5 Year Integrated M.S Programme in Petroleum Exploration Year I PE 101 PE 102 PE 103 PE 104 PE 105 PE 106 Odd Semester PE 201 PE 202 PE 203 PE 204 PE 205 PE 206 Even Semester English Second Language Petrology and mineralogy Physics II Organic chemistry Differential equations

English Second language Earth system science Physics - I Physical chemistry Spherical trigonometry, complex integration and vector calculus PE 107 Physics-I practical PE 108 Physical chemistry practical PE 109 Viva-Voce

PE 207 Petrology and mineralogy practical PE 208 Physics-II Practical PE 209 Organic chemistry practical PE 210 Viva-Voce

Year Odd Semester II PE 301 Communication skills PE 302 Electronics PE 303 Sedimentology PE 304 Gravity field and internal structure of the earth PE 305 Multiple integrals and special functions PE 306 Electronics practical PE 307 Sedimentology practical PE 308 Gravity field and internal structure of the earth practical PE 309 Viva-Voce Year III PE 501 PE 502 PE 503 PE 504 Odd Semester Paleontology and palynology Gravity method of exploration Electrical methods of exploration Seismic method of exploration

PE 401 PE 402 PE 403 PE 404

Even Semester Communication skills Computer programming Structural geology and field geology mapping Geomagnetism and geodynamics

PE 405 Numerical methods and optimization PE 406 Numerical methods and computer programming practical PE 407 Field geology mapping practical PE 408 Geomagnetism and geodynamics practical PE 409 Viva-Voce Even Semester Economic and Indian geology Magnetic method of exploration Electromagnetic methods of exploration Seismic data processing and interpretation Statistics

PE 601 PE 602 PE 603 PE 604 PE 605

PE 505 Partial differentiation and partial differential equations PE 506 Gravity method of exploration practical PE 507 Electrical methods of exploration practical PE 508 Seismic method of exploration practical PE 509 Viva-voce

PE 606 Magnetic method of exploration practical PE 607 Electromagnetic methods of exploration practical PE 608 Seismic data processing and interpretation practical PE 609 Viva-voce

Year Odd Semester IV PE 701 Petroleum system PE 702 Seismic stratigraphy and facies analysis PE 703 Drilling technology PE 704 Sedimentary basins of India PE 705 Oil and gas field development PE 706 Petroleum system practical PE 707 Seismic stratigraphy practical PE 708 Viva-Voce Year Odd Semester PE 901 Integrated hydrocarbon exploration and hydrocarbon exploration management PE 902 Petroleum refining engineering and petrochemicals PE 903 Pipeline engineering PE 904 Environmental studies PE 905 Review paper through dissertation PE 906 Viva-Voce

PE 801 PE 802 PE 803 PE 804 PE 805 PE 806 PE 807 PE 808

Even Semester Reservoir engineering Petroleum geochemistry and geochemical exploration Well site geology Formation evaluation Principles of remote sensing Formation evaluation practical Remote sensing practical Viva-Voce

Even Semester PE 1001 Field training

PE 1002 PE 1003

Seminar Comprehensive Viva-Voce

Semester I:

PE 103: Earth system science Milky Way and solar system, modern theories about the origin of the earth, meteorites and other planetary bodies. Surface features and processes, physiography of the earth, weathering, erosion, transportation and deposition of earth materials, cycle of erosion; formation of soil, sediments and sedimentary rocks; energy balance of the earths surface processes; geological work of surface flowing water-streams, rivers, river systems, meandering, oxbow lakes, flood plains, peneplains and deltas; karst-forms, landslides, lakes and swamps, estuaries; geomorphic processes and elements and resulting land forms, major physiographic and geomorphic features of India. Hypsography of the continents and ocean floor, continental shelf, slope, rise and abyssal plains; evolution of ocean basins; physical properties of sea water; distribution of temperature and salinity in the ocean; resident time of elements in sea water; ocean currents, waves, tides, important current systems; thermohaline circulation and oceanic conveyor belt. Atmospheric turbulence and boundary layer; structure and chemical composition of atmosphere, lapse rate and stability, scale height, geopotential, greenhouse gases, ozone depletion, global warming; cloud formation and precipitation processes, air-sea interactions; insulation and heat budget, radiation balance, general circulation of atmosphere and ocean; climatic and sea level changes on different time scales. Basic weather systems over India, monsoon systems, cyclone and jet stream, western disturbances, distribution of precipitation over India. Hydrological cycle, properties of water, ground and surface water, evaporation, transportation and infiltration; types of aquifers, Darcy's law, porosity, permeability, artesian wells, quality of groundwater, water balance, sea water intrusion in coastal aquifers. Geological time scale, important geological features of India in each geological epoch, important geological features of the Precambrian shield, Gondawanas, Deccan Trap, IndoGangetic plains and Himalayas. Books recommended: 1. Gass et al., 198.. Open University Publication 2. Skinner 2 3. Kale. V. S. and Gupta, A, 2001, Introduction to Geomorphology, Orient Longman Limited, Calcutta. 4. Todd, D.K., Groundwater Hydrology 5. Critchfield, H.J., General Climatology 6. The Earth, Cambridge University Press. PE 104: Physics-I Newtons law of gravitation, gravity field of spheres and shells, determination of acceleration due to gravity by pendulum and free-fall methods. Mechanics, Newtons laws of motion, frames of reference, motion of variable mass systems, centre of mass and related kinematics; linear momentum, angular momentum, torque, work-energy theorems; collisions, two body problem, collisions in one-, two- and threedimensions, Rutherford scattering. Elasticities, elastic modulii, laboratory determination, interrelationship. Rigid body motion and moment of inertia, kinematical relations, angular momentum and inertia tensor, Eulers equations, dynamics of a rigid body, torque free motion of a rigid body, precession of a symmetric top, spinning atoms and gyroscopes. Thermodynamics, Maxwells distribution law of velocities, transport phenomena, conduction, mean free path and viscosity, application of kinetic theory to diffusion.

Thermodynamic potential and Maxwells equations, specific heat, Classius-Claperon equation, Joule Kelvin effect, the reversible cell, derivation of Stefan Boltzman law. Thermodynamic considerations. Thermoelectricity, Seeback effect, Peltier effect, Thomson effect, total emf of a thermocouple, thermoelectric power, thermoelectric diagrams. Thermal radiation, black body radiation, energy distribution, Wiens displacement law, Raleigh Jeans law, Plancks radiation law, Relation between the three laws. Book Recommended: Halliday, Resnik and Krane, Physics Vol. I, John Wiley & Sons PE 105: Physical chemistry Chemical thermodynamics, scope and limitations, definitions of basic terms, first law and its applications; thermochemistry, heat changes in chemical reactions, Hess law, Kirchhoffs equation, flame and explosion temperature; second law, carnot cycle, entropy; free energy, Gibbs Helmholtz equation, criteria of spontaneity and thermal equilibrium. Surface phenomenon, surface energy and surface tension, magnitude, measurement of surface tension; adsorption, physical and chemisorption, factors effecting adsorption, isotherms of adsorption, transport properties, diffusion and viscosity. Collagative properties, binary solutions, distillation of ideal solutions (temperaturecomposition curves), fractional distillation, distillation of partially miscible and immiscible eguids; Henrys law and solubility of gases. Phase rule, criteria for phase equilibrium, free and meta stable equilibrium, phase diagram, one component and two component systems. Colloidal solutions, classification, sols, preparation and properties, stability of colloids, protective action, Hardy-Schultz law, gold number; emulsions, classification, preparations, emulsifier; Gels, classification, preparation and properties, application of colloidal solutions. Analytical methods: Separation methods, chromatography, indroduction, classification; column chromatography, adsorption phenomenon, nature of adsorbends, solvent systems; TLC, coating materials and preparation of TLC plates, Rf values; paper chromatography, nature of paper-support, stationary phase, mobile phase, principle. HPLC and gas chromatography, principle, instrumentation and applications. Books recommended: PE 106: Spherical trigonometry, complex integration and vector calculus Spherical trigonometry; great and small circles, antipoles; cone, area of a cone; spherical triangle, area, cosine and sine rules; properties of right angled triangles; Napiers rule. Complex integration; line integrals, Green's theorem in two-dimensions; complex Integration, Cauchy's integral theorem, Cauchys integral formula, residues, Cauchy's residue theorem, evaluation of improper integrals involving trigonometric functions. Vector calculus; review of scalar and vector products, scalar vector and scalar triple products; differentiation of scalar and vector fields, div and curl; vector integration, line, surface and volume integrals, divergence theorem, Greens theorem, Stokes theorem. Book Recommended: 1. Erwin Hreyuszig, Advanced Engineering Mathematics, Wiley student edition.

PE 107: Physics-I practical 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9) Determination of g by compound pendulum. Moment of inertia by fly wheel method. Rigidity modulus by torsion pendulum. Youngs modulus by single and double cantilever. Co-efficient of viscosity of water. Specific heat of a liquid calorimeter. EMF of a thermocouple. Determination of M and H by MH method. Determination of dip by dip circle and earth inductor. PE 108: Physical chemistry practical Semester II PE 202: Petrology and mineralogy Mineralogy, definition of a mineral, classification, rock forming and ore forming minerals; mode of occurrence, and chemical physical and properties of important mineral groups; optical properties,isotropic and anisotropic substances; refractive index, uniaxial and biaxial minerals, Nicol prism, crossed Nicols; polarizing microscope, behavior of isotrpic and anisotropic minerals between crossed nicols, extinction angle, interference colors; optical properties of important minerals. Petrology, classification of rocks, igneous, sedimentary, metamorphic, distinguishing features; classification of igneous rocks, CIPW and Tyrells tabular classification, plutonic, hypabyssal and volcanic; batholith, lacolith, phacolith, lopolith, sills, dykes, cone-sheets, volcanic necks; structures; vesicular, amygdaloidal, block lava, pillow lava; textures, vitrophyre, granulitic, allotromorphic, hypautomorphic, ophytic, trachytic, graphic and micro graphic; reaction structures, coronas, myrmekitic, orbicular, perilitic. Origin, composition and differentiation of magma, Bowens reaction principle, differentiation and assimilation. Descriptive study of granite, granodiorite, syenite, nepheline syenite, diorite, pegmatite, gabbro, anorthosite, pyroxenite, peridotite, diorite, dolerite, rhyolite, andesite, basalt. Sources of sediments, mechanical and chemical weathering processes, sediment transportation; sedimentary environments; sedimentary processes, lithification, cementation, diagenesis, stratification; sedimentary structures; classification, clastic rocks, rudaceous, arenaceous and argillaceous; non-clastic rocks; organic; calcareous, carbonaceous, and phosphatic; chemical, limestone, evaporites and sedimentary iron ores. Definition of metamorphism, agencies, grades and zones of metamorphism; types of metamorphism, thermal, dynamic, regional, retrograde, auto, metasomatism, anatexix; structures, cataclastic, schistose, granulose and gneissose; textures, crystalloblastic, xenoblastic, idioblastic and palimpsest; descriptive study of gneiss, schist, slate, phyllite, quartzite, marble, granulite, eclogite, amphibolite, migmatite, khondalite, charnockite and gondite. Books recommended: 1. H. H. Read, Rutleys elements of Mineralogy, 2. G. W. Tyrrell, The Principles of Petrology Tyrell, 3. W. T. Huand, Petrology, 4. E. Flint, Essentials of Crystallography, References:

1. University Publications series 2. J. T. Greensmith, Petrology of the Sedimentary Rocks, 3. F. H. Match and M. K. Wells, Petrology of the Igneous rocks PE 204: Physics-II Bohrs theory of hydrogen atom, energy level diagrams, correction for the finite mass of the nucleus, spectrum of singly ionized helium., fine structure of spectral lines and vector atom model, quantum numbers associated with vector atom model, total angular momentum of the atom, coupling schemes, Paulis exclusion principle, spectral notation, selection rules, spectrum of D1 and D2 lines of sodium, Zeeman effect, Paschen Back effect, Stern Gerlach experiment. Detection and measurement of radioactive radiation, Wilsons cloud chamber, GM counter, alpha, beta and gamma particles and their properties, half life, mean life, Disintegration of elements, concept of age determination. X-ray diffraction by crystal, Braggs law, Laues equations of KCl and NaCl structures, electron and neutron diffraction; classification of magnetic materials dia, para and ferromagnetism, Langevins theory of paramagnetism, magnetic domains, Weiss theory of Ferromagnetism, Curie Wiess law. Super conductivity experimental observations. Lasers spontaneous emission; stimulated emission, population inversion, Helium Neon laser. Books recommended: Holliday, Resnik, Krane, Physics Vol. III, Wiley & Sons PE 205: Organic Chemistry Hydrocarbons, structure of alkanes, nomenclature, industrial sources, general methods of preparation, physical properties, relative stabilities of isomeric alkanes, general chemical properties; isomerism in alkanes, mechanism of chlorination of alkanes; conformation of alkanes. Cracking: thermal cracking, catalytic cracking; composition and uses of natural gas, composition of petroleum, petroleum mining, petroleum refining; synthetic petrol, octane number; petrochemicals, chemicals from natural gas, chemicals from petroleum, LPG, CNG. Catalysts for petrochemical processes, hydrogenation, isomerisation, oxidation, hydroformylation; chemistry of coal, coal gasification, coal liquification, coal bed methane. Purification of organic compound: filtration, crystallization, sublimation, distillation, chromatography. Book Recommended: 1. O. P. Agarwal, 19 ,Unified course in chemistry, Vol-I, Jai Prakash Nath and Company. 2. Arun Bahl and B. S. Bahl, 19 , A text book of Organic chemistry, Sultan Chand and Company Ltd. PE 206: Differential equations Differential equations of first order and first degree, Leibnitzs linear equation, equations reducible to linear form, exact differential equations, integrating factors, change of variables, simultaneous differential equations. Differential equations of first order and higher degree, equations solvable for p, solvable for y, solvable for x, equations that do not contain x or y, equations homogeneous in x and y, Clairauts equation. Higher order linear differential equations, homogenous linear differential equations of order n with constant coefficients, non-homogenous linear differential equations with constant

coefficients by means of polynomial operations viz., Q(x) = bxk and P(D) = D a0, (a0 0), Q(x) = bxk and P(D) = anDn + An-1Dn-1 + + a1D1, Q(x) = beax , Q(x) = b sinax or b cosax , Q(x) = eax.f(x), Q(x) = beax and P(a) = 0 , Q(x) = x.f(x). Method of undetermined coefficients, method of variation of parameter, linear equation with non-constant coefficients, Cauchy-Euler equation, solution of a system of linear differential equations with constant coefficients, total differential equations, equations of the form dx/P = dy/Q = dz/R, methods of graphs and multipliers, equivalent triangular system. Book recommended: 1. Zafar Ahsan, Differential equations and their Applications, 1967, Prentice Hall of India pvt Limited. 2. D.A. Murray, Introductory course on Differential Equations, 1967, Orient Longman (India). 3. Frank Ayres, Theory and Problems of Differential Equations, 1973, Mc Graw Hill Inc, Schaum Series. PE 207: Petrology and mineralogy practical Study of physical properties, and identification of important minerals and rocks.

PE 208: Physics-II practical 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) Determination of wavelengths of mercury lines using grating. Determination of wavelengths of Balmer series of Hydrogen Determination of Rydberg constant using Hydrogen spectrum Determination of e/m by Thomsons method Determination of Plancks constant Study of quantized energy levels Frank Hertz Experiment. Determination of wavelength of Laser light using He-Ne Laser Study of divergence of laser light using He-Ne Laser PE 209: Organic Chemistry Practical Identification of organic compounds using systematic procedures.

Semester III PE 302: Electronics Semiconductors, electronic emission from metal carrier, concentration in an intrinsic semiconductors, open circuited PN junction, diffusion. PN junction diode, characteristics, capacitate effects, quantitative theory. Special devices, principles, working of zero diode, tunnel diode, Varactor diode, Schottky diode, SCR and UJT. Transistors, bipolar junction transistor, operation of PNP and NPN transistors, circuit configurations, characteristics of CE configurations, h parameter, low frequency small signal equivalent circuit of a transistor.

Transistor biasing and thermal stabilization, transistor biasing, stabilization, methods of biasing, fixed bias, collector feedback bias, self bias, bias compensation. Field effect transistors, junction field effect transistors, characteristics, JFET parameters, small equivalent circuit; MOSFETS, depletion and enhancement. Rectifying circuits, half wave and full wave, bridge rectifiers, rectifier efficiency, ripple and regulation, shunt capacitor filter, Zener regulation. Transistor amplifiers, CE, CB, CC amplifier configurations, analysis using h-parameters, multistage amplifier, RC coupled amplifier, frequency response curve and bandwidth. Feed back amplifiers, effect of negative feedback on gain, nonlinear distortion, noise and bandwidth, input and output impedances. Sinusoidal oscillators, Barkhasen criterion, LC oscillations, tuned collector oscillators, Hartley and Colpitts, RC oscillators, RC phase shift and Wein Bridge oscillators; frequency stability of oscillators, crystal oscillations. Operational amplifiers, ideal characteristics, applications as an inverting and non-inverting amplifier, summing and subtracting amplifier, integrator, differentiator. Multivibrators, collector coupled stable multivibrator, collector-coupled and emittercoupled mono stable multivibrators, fixed bias and self biased bi-stable multivibrators, resolution time of a binary, methods of triggering a binary. Books recommended: 1. Electronic Device and Circuits by Sanjeev Gupth. 2. Integrated Electronics by Millman & Halkias. PE 303: Sedimentology Sedimentary environments, eolian, fluvial, coastal, deltaic, shallow and deep marine, sedimentary processes, mechanical weathering, chemical weathering, biochemical processes, precipitation; different types of sedimentary facies and their development and their use in understanding depositional processes; study of outcrops, rock core study, grain size analysis, SEM study, X ray diffraction, heavy mineral studies. Books recommended: B. Singh, Springer publications Bhattacharya (Jadhavpur University) Field guide for Vindhyan, Geological Society of India. PE 304: Gravity field and internal structure of the earth Earth's gravity field, origin, variation with elevation, depth and latitude; size and shape of the earth, Clairaut's theorem, geometric and gravitational flattening, international gravity formulae; geoid and spheroid; determination of absolute gravity, pendulum and free fall methods; gravity bases; free and Bouguer anomalies; isostasy, Pratt - Hayford, Airy - Heiskanen systems, isostatic anomalies, relation to upliftment and subsidence, crustal structure. Geochronology, radioactive decay, dating of rocks, potassium-argon, rubidium strontium, uranium-lead, carbon 14 methods, age of the earth. Earth's thermal properties, heat flow over oceans continents, heat transport in the earth, sources of heat, temperature distribution in earth. Earthquakes, epicenter, focus, classification, distribution; intraplate and interpolate earthquakes, seismicity of India, seismic zoning. Elastic waves, elastic, anelastic and plastic behavior of materials, stress, strain, elastic constants and relationships; seismic waves, body and surface waves, types and phases; reflection and refraction of seismic waves at interfaces, internal structure of the earth, important discontinuities, distribution of density, velocity temperature and pressure inside the earth.

Seismometry, vertical and horizontal motion seismometers, broad band seismometers, analog and digital recorders; seismogram, identification of phases. Seismogram interpretation, intensity, magnitude, frequency, energy, epicenter location, travel time curves, analysis of earthquake focal mechanism; tsunami, mitigation of earthquakes, earthquake prediction. Books recommended: 1. 2. 3. 4. William Lowrie, Fundamentals of Geophysics, 1997, Cambridge University press. Markus Bath, Introduction to seismology, 1979, Boston Stullgart: Birhhauser Martin H.P.Bott, The Interior of the Earth,1982, Edward Arnold Publishers Limited, London Bullen K.E. and Bruce A. Bolt, An Introduction to the theory of seismology, 1985, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. 5. Fowler, C.M.R., The Solid Earth An introduction to global Geophysics, 1990, Cambridge University Press. 6. David E James, The Encyclopedia of Solid Earth Geophysics, 1989, Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, New York. PE 305: Multiple integrals and special functions Multiple integrals, evaluation of double integrals, integration in polar coordinates, change of order of integration; triple integrals, change of variables, area by double integration, volume as double integration, volume by triple integration; mass and centre of gravity; moments of inertia. Gamma and beta functions, relationships, application to evaluation of definite integrals; elliptic integrals, error function. Series solution of differential equations, method of Frobenius, cases of ordinary and singular points; Bessels equation, Bessel functions, series representation, recurrence formulae, generating function, Jacobis series; Legendres equation, Legendres polynomials, Rodrigues form Hydrocarbon exploration management ula, generating function, recurrence relations. Books recommended: 1. C. R. Wyhe Jr.., Advanced Engineering Mathematics, 1966, McGraw Hill Company, International Student Edition (Third Edition). PE 306: Electronics practical 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Input and output characteristics of a BJT in the CE mode. Half wave and full wave rectifiers. R C coupled amplifier frequency response with and without feedback. Transistor inverter. Colpitts oscillator. Op-amp as an inverting and non- inverting amplifier. Astable multivibrator. Self bias binary. Logic gates using diodes and transistors PE 307: Sedimentology practical Studies of terrigenous and carbonates rocks Paleocurrent analysis Granulometric analysis Heavy mineral analysis Micro-chemical test.

PE 308: Gravity field and internal structure of the earth practical 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Study of variation of gravity field with depth in case of an earth model of mantle and core assuming uniform density in each. Familiarization of international geodetic reference system and study of variation of gravity field with latitude. Calculation of earths theoretical gravity given the latitude and elevation of a station. Calculation of Bouguer and isostatic anomalies for given topographic mass. Calculation of travel times of direct and reflected waves for an earth model of mantle and core with constant velocity in each and converse problems. Calculation of seismic wave velocities with elastic modulii. Use of travel time curves for location of epicenter of an earthquake.

Semester IV PE 402: Computer programming Introduction to computers; structure of a computer, CPU, Arithmetic-logic unit, memory unit control unit, input and output devices, system software, application software, Operating systems; purpose of Operating system, single user and multi user operating systems, DOS, WINDOWS and UNIX operating systems, concepts of programming; algorithms, flowcharts, 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th generation programming languages; object program, compilers and assemblers. FORTRAN 77, programming preliminaries, integer, floating point and character variables, expressions, order of computation, use of parenthesis, value and mode of expressions, library functions, assignment statement; control statements: GOTO, computed GOTO and assigned GOTO statements; logical expressions, IF statements, DO statement, nesting of control statements, STOP, END and PAUSE statements; subscripted variables and arrays; DIMENSION, COMMON, DATA statements; Subprograms, Arithmetic statement functions, function and subroutine subprograms; I/O statements, FORMAT statement, E,F,I & A format specifications. C-Programming, character set, delimiters, keywords, identifiers, constants, variables, rules for defining variables, data types, comma and conditional operators, arithmetic operators, relational operators, logical operators, bitwise operators, priority of operators, input and output in C, formatted and unformatted functions, library functions; if statement, if. else statement, nested if, go to statement, break statement, continue statement, switch-case statement, nested switch statement, for statement, while statement, do-while statement, arrays, working with string and standard functions. Pointers, pointer declaration, arithmetic operations with pointers, pointers and arrays, array of pointers, pointers to pointers, pointers and strings, void pointers, function definition and declaration, prototypes, types of functions, call by value and reference, functions returning more values, functions with arrays and pointers, recursion, pointer to function, storage classes. Preprocessor directives, structures and unions, bit wise operators, files, command line arguments, dynamic memory allegation, graphics in C. Books recommended: 1. V. Rajaraman, FORTRAN IV, 2. Byron Gottfried, Programming with C, 2001, Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Limited, New Delhi

PE 403: Structural geology and field geology mapping Structural geology, elements of structural geology, force, stress, strain; description of folds, attitude of beds, nomenclature, plunge of folds, refolding, fold systems; description and classification of faults, criteria for faulting, discontinuity, repetition and osmission of strata, physiographic criteria; thrust and reverse faults, mechanics; normal faults, horsts and grabens, modern faults, mechanics; strike slip faults, elastic rebound, mechanics; unconformities, recognition, distinction from faults; diapirs and related structural features, significance of their study; micro structures, on lap, off lap, inliers, outlier, schistocity, lineation, foliation, significance of their study, reconstruction of tectonic framework of a given basin. Field geology mapping, identification of rock types in outcrops, geological maps and base maps, geological mapping, instruments, methods, topographic forms, expression, profile sections, cross sections and their interpretation, preparation of field geological reports. Books recommended: 1. Marland P. Billings, Structural geology, 1987, Printice Hall of India (Pvt) Ltd., 2. Viswas, S. Kale, Geomorphology, University Press from leeds. 3. Open University Publication series. 4. L.L. Bhandari, Manual of Field Geology PE 404: Geomagnetism and geodynamics Earths magnetic field, magnetic elements, interrelationships, measurement of magnetic elements, magnetic observatories, magnetic charts, diurnal variation of magnetic field, Sq and L variations, magnetic storms and aurora. Separation of magnetic fields of external and internal origin, magnetic field of the external origin, ionosphere, magnetosphere, magnetic field of the internal origin, IGRF, the dipole field, the non dipole field, secular variation and west ward drift; theories on the origin of earth's magnetic field, earth as a dynamo, the disc dynamo, dynamo of Lowes and Wilkinson. Remanent magnetism in rocks, TRM, DRM, CRM, VRM; measurement of NRM, Spinner and cryogenic magnetometers; magnetic cleaning; AF and thermal demagnetizations, tests for stability. Palaeomagnetic calculations, projective method of presenting palaeomagnetic data, magnetic latitude and co - latitude, calculation of mean direction of virtual geomagnetic poles, palaeomagnetic poles, reconstruction of palaeomagnetic poles, continental drift, northward drift of India. Reversals of the magnetic field, magnetostratigraphy; magnetic anomalies across mid oceanic ridges, seafloor spreading, theory of plate tectonics, major and minor plates, kinds of plate margins, characteristics of plate boundaries, active and passive continental margins, marginal basins, transform faults. Causes of plate motions, Eulers pole of rotation, forces acting on the lithospheric plates, Wilson cycle, continental collisions, seismicity and intraplate earthquakes; mantle convection, coupling between plates and mantle convection, hot spots and mantle plumes. Books recommended: 1. Fowler, C.M.R., The Solid Earth An introduction to global Geophysics, 1990, Cambridge University Press. 2. David E James, The Encyclopedia of Solid Earth Geophysics, 1989, Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, New York. 3. William Lowrie, Fundamentals of Geophysics, 1997, Cambridge University press Low price edition, UK. 4. Martin H.P.Bott, The Interior of the Earth,1982, Edward Arnold Publishers Limited, London

5. 6.

Siddhartha, K., The earths Dynamic Surface, 1999, Kisalaya Pub Pvt. Ltd. Plate Tectonics and Crustal Evolution by Kent C. Condie PE 405: Numerical methods and optimization

Solution of linear system of equations, Gauss elimination method, Gauss-Jordan method, method of factorization, Centro-symmetric equations, ill-conditioned systems, generalized inversion techniques, properties. Numerical solution of algebraic and transcendental equations, methods of bisection, false position method and Newton-Raphson; interpolation, finite differences, symbolic relations, Newtons formula, Gauss' central difference formulae, Bessels formula, Lagrange's formula, Richardson's extrapolation; numerical differentiation, maximum and minimum of a tabulated function; numerical Integration, trapezoidal rule, Simpson' s formulae, Rombergs integration, Weddle's formula, numerical double integration. Numerical solution of ordinary differential equations, solution by Taylors series, Picard's method of successive approximations, methods of Euler and Runga-Kutta; finite element methods, basic concepts, boundary and initial value problems, variational formulation, variational methods of approximation, Ritz method, finite element analysis of 1d and 2d problems. Method of least squares, normal equations, linear and non-linear curve fitting, sum of exponentials, cubic splines, Chebysev polynomials. Optimization, one dimensional minimization methods, Fibonaccis method, non-linear optimization, direct search methods, gradient methods, methods of Newton, steepest descent and Marquardt. Books recommended: 1. S.S.Rao, Optimization theory and applications, 1991, Wiley Eastern Limited, New Delhi. 2. S.S.Sastry, Introductory methods of Numerical analysis, 2005, Prentice-Hall of India, New Delhi. PE 406: Numerical methods and computer programming practical To develop programs for the following in FORTRAN/ C 1. Simple problems such as arranging the numbers in a set of data in descending/ascending order 2. Writing subroutines for geophysical anomalies of simple geometric bodies 3. Subroutines for evaluating infinite series such as exponentials, sinhx etc. 4. Finding the root of an equation by successive bisection method,falls position method and Newtons method 5. Finding the minimum and maximum of a tabulated function 6. Numerical integration by trapezoidal and Simpsons rules 7. Gauss elimination method 8. Difference table method 9. Gaussian Quadrature formula 10. Eulers method 11. Taylors series method 12. Runge Kutta method. PE 407: Field geology mapping practical Preparation of contour maps for gridded and randomnly spaced data, identification of structures in the field; use of plane table, dumpy level, clinometer compass; study of geological maps and calculation of geological parameters. PE 408: Geomagnetism and geodynamics practical 1. Calculation of earths normal field at any latitude, given the field at one latitude. 2. Familiarization of IGRF study of variation of F, V, H, i and with latitude. 3. Calculation of NRM of a rock from the measured components of X,Y and Z. 4. Calculation and plotting of paleopositions of the magnetic pole.

5. Identification of spreading centres and fracture zones from marine magnetic anomalies. 6. Calculation of spreading rates. Semester V: PE 501: Paleontology and palynology Palaeontology, history and definition, fossilization and preservation processes, geological time scale through the study of fossils; taxonomy, classification, morphology, geological and geographical distribution of important invertebrate fossils; micro fossils, occurrence and their contribution to geology; collection, preparation and preservation; reconstruction of basin evolution from palaeontological studies. Palynology, sample preparation and study methods, palynomorphs in geological time scale; acritarchs, chitinozoa, green and blue-green algae, dinoflagellates; determination of age of rocks by palynological studies, recognition of unconformities, interpretation of palaeoenvironments, maturation index, post depositional geothermal gradients, typing of organic matter, reconstruction of basin evolution. Role of palaeontology and palynology in hydrocarbon exploration, limitations in applications. Books recommended: Traverse, A. Palaeopalynology. Boston, Unwin Hyman, London. N.C. Mehrotra et al., 2002, Palynology in Hydrocarbon exploration, Geological Society of India memoir 48. NC Mehrotra et al. 2005, Palynology in Hydrocarbon exploration (Indian scenario) Geological Society of India memoir 61. PE 502: Gravity method of exploration Principle of gravity prospecting, concept of gravity anomaly; rock densities, factors controlli7ng rock densities; gravity prospecting instruments, static gravimeters, astatization, zerolength spring, Worden & Lacoste Romberg gravimeters. Gravity surveying for mineral, oil and geological mapping, establishment of gravity bases, drift correction, data reduction, topographic, normal, free-air and Bouguer corrections, Bouguer density, in-situ determination, borehole methods; airborne and ship borne gravimetry, horizontal and vertical accelerations, Eotvos correction. Properties of Newtonian potential, Laplaces 0and Poissonss equations, Greens theorem, Gauss law, continuation integral, equivalent stratum. Interpretation of Bouguer anomalies, identification of structural features and litho contacts from contour maps, qualitative interpretation; regional and residual separation, graphical, average , grid and curve fitting methods, reliability of different types of residuals; vertical derivative calculations; upward and downward continuation ; classical methods using continuation integral, methods of harmonic analysis and Fourier transformation. Ambiguity in gravity interpretation, strategies resolving ambiguity, gravity anomalies of point and line masses, circular discs, vertical cylinders, sheets, faults and rectangular slabs, characteristics of anomaly profiles, interpretation by thumb rules and characteristic curves. Forward modeling of gravity anomalies of two-dimensional and three-dimensional bodies, graticules, computer models, inversion of gravity anomalies of 2-D polygonal bodies and density interfaces, automatic gravity modeling of sedimentary basins and density interfaces by Botts method. Application of gravity method for regional geological mapping, oil exploration, salt domes, structural traps, mineral exploration sulphide ores, ferrous and non-ferrous ores, diamonds, placer deposits, groundwater, engineering problems; mass estimation, application of Fourier spectra in depth estimation. Books recommended:

1. 2.

Philip Kearey and Michael Brooks, An introduction to geophysical exploration, 2000, Blackwell Science. I. V. Radhakrishna Murthy, Gravity and magnetic Interpretation in Exploration Geophysics, Geological Society of India Memoir No.41. PE 503: Electrical methods of exploration

Electric conduction in rocks, electrical properties of rocks and minerals, Classification, factors affecting resistivity, Archies Law, isotropy and anisotropy. Electrical fields, current and potential due to point and dipole sources, Ohms Law. Self potentials, origin, field procedures, interpretation, SP anomalies due to sphere and sheet, limitations and applications. Principle of resistivity surveying, electrode arrays, Wenner, Schlumberger, dipole- dipole, half Schlumberger, Lee partition, geometric factors, concept of apparent resisitivity. Sounding and profiling, field procedures, apparent resistivity profiles over multi layered earth (A,Q,K,H Types); interpretation, empirical methods, full curve and partial curve matching techniques, auxiliary curves; reflection coefficient, principle of equivalence and suppression; resistivity transforms, relation between transforms and layer parameters; linear and digital filtering, computer methods of interpretation, direct and iterative techniques; resistivity profiles over faults, dykes and vertical contacts; pseudo sections, qualitative interpretation. Application of resistivity method in regional geology, mineral and ground water explorations, limitations. Induced polarization, origin, time domain and frequency domain operations, relation between time and frequency domain measurements, IP sounding and profiling plotting of results, pseudo sections, interpretation; spectral IP; magnetic induced polarization; application of IP in mineral exploration. Books recommended: 1. 2. 3. Telford W. M. et. al., Applied Geophysics, 1988, Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. Pvt . Ltd., New Delhi. Milton B.Dobrin and Carl H.Savit, Introduction to Geophysical Prospecting, 1988, McGraw-Hill International Edition, Geology Series, New Delhi Philip Kearey and Michael Brooks, An introduction to geophysical exploration, 2000, Blackwell Science. PE 504: Seismic methods of exploration Elastic wave velocities of rocks, factors affecting wave velocity, anisotropy; refraction and reflection of seismic waves at interfaces, phases, acoustic impedance, Zeoppritz equations, Snells law, critical refraction, difraction, dispersion, multiples, ghost reflections and reverberations. Principles of refraction and reflection; refraction along an interface, concept of delay time, travel time curves, calculation of parameters, dipping layer case, interpretation of reversed and unreversed profiles, delay time method, plus-minus method; multiple interfaces, hidden layer, refraction across a faulted interface; survey procedures, fan shooting, broad-side shooting, long refraction profiles; reflection at horizontal and dipping interfaces, normal and dip move outs, calculation of layer parameters; stacking, interval, rms, and NMO velocities; discrete and continuous velocity changes. Energy receivers and sources; geophone, damping, detector arrays, array response; hydrophones, marine seismic streamer; dynamite, vibroseis, thumper, land air-gun; sparker, boomer, airgun, water gun etc.; controlled explosions, shot control, source arrays, energy content frequency, pulse length and resolution, penetration signatures of various energy sources. Data acquisition; analog and digital systems, amplifiers, filters, gain control; digital field system, signal flow and recording, constituent units and modules; telemetry systems; wireless and

radio telemetry, configuration and specification; dynamic range of signal and noise, shot generation, ambient and electrical noises, noise survey and analysis, fold back experiment, optimization of parameters. Single and multi channel seismic surveys; field layouts and shooting procedures for land 2d surveys, split spread and end-on spreads, common Depth point (CDP) procedure, stacking chart; Seismic 3d surveys; 3d layouts, swath, brick, odds and evens, zig-zag, button patch, full range 3d and loop survey; marine 2d and 3d shooting; single and two streamer systems, alternate shooting, circle shooting, 3D bottom cable survey, multiple streamers, static and dynamic binning; marine sonobuoy surveys. Application of refraction method in oil exploration, ground water exploration, mineral exploration and engineering problems. Books recommended: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Telford W. M. et. al., Applied Geophysics, 1988, Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. Pvt .Ltd., New Delhi. Milton B.Dobrin and Carl H.Savit,Introduction to Geophysical Prospecting, 1988, McGraw-Hill International Edition, Geology Series, New Delhi Philip Kearey and Michael Brooks, An introduction to geophysical exploration, 2000, Blackwell Science. Brain J Evans, A hand book for seismic data acquisition in Exploration, 1998, Geophysical monograph series, Society of Exploration Geophysicists, Tulsa, Oklahoma, USA. Dale G Stone, Designing seismic surveys in two and three dimensions, 1998, Geophysical references series 5, Society of Exploration Geophysicists, Tulsa, Oklahoma, USA. PE 505: Partial differentiation and partial differential equations Partial differentiation, partial derivatives of first order, homogeneous functions, Eulers theorem; differentiation of composite functions; Jacobians; maxima and minima, Langranges method of undefined multipliers. Formation of partial differential equations, general and particular solutions, equations solvable by direct integration, Langranges linear equation, Clarpits method, homogeneous linear equations with constant coefficients; method of separation of variables, solution of Laplace, wave and heat flow equations. Books recommended: 1. I. Sneddon, Elements of Partial Differential Equations, McGraw Hill, International Edition, Mathematics series. PE 506: Gravity method of exploration practical 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Reduction of gravity data with special reference to application of free-air, Bouguer and normal correction. Regional-residual separation by graphical, grid and least-square methods. Second derivative and continuation calculations using coefficients Forward modeling of anomalies of spheres, cylinders, vertical sheets and semi infinite horizontal slabs study of the properties of the anomaly profiles. Interpretation of anomalies of the models in (4) through thumb rules Interpretation of anomalies of sheets and faults through characteristic curves Forward modelling of two-dimensional bodies using graticules

8.

Demonstration of modelling and inversion of gravity anomalies of sedimentary basins, two-dimensional bodies of irregular geometry and faults. PE 507: Electrical methods of exploration practical Calculation of SP anomalies of a sheet. Interpretation of SP anomalies of sheets from characteristic curves. Interpretation of resistivity data over a two layered earth by curve matching Interpretation of two layer earth resistive and conductive substratum 450 asymptote. Calculation of apparent resistivity over 3 layer earth for A,Q,K and H type models through computer programs. Interpretation of resistivity data using full curve matching. Interpretation of resistivity data using partial curve matching. Plotting of IP results- pseudo depth section. PE 508: Seismic methods of exploration practical

1. 2. 3.

4.
5. 6. 7. 8.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Identification of phases of an seismic wave incident at an interface. Interpretation of travel time curves for horizontal interfaces. Interpretation of travel time curves for dipping interfaces. Identification of fault from travel time curves and estimation of body parameters. Blind zone problem forward calculation. Calculation of geophone array response. PE 601: Economic geology and Indian geology

Semester VI Economic geology, mineral resources and their peculiarities, syngenetic, epigenetic, endogenetic and exogenic deposits; Batemans classification modified by Jenissen, statutory factors governing mineral classification Ore genesis Processes; internal, hydrothermal, metamorphic and surficial. Genesis of common ore deposits their chemical composition, physical properties, mode of occurrence, use and distribution in India, gold, silver, copper, iron, coal, zinc, aluminum, manganese, uranium, rare earth elements, phosphates. Precious stones; origin, classification and distribution Mineral reserve estimation methods and international codes, Canadian CIM classification, Australasian Joint Ore Reserve Committee (JORC) Mineral exploration stages, area selection, target definition and generation, resource evaluation, reserve definition, extraction, green fields vs. brown fields Indian geology, stratigraphic principles, standard geologic time scale, physiographic division of India with their stratigraphic and structural characteristics, brief study of major stratigraphic units of India. Books recommended: Mineral Deposits, University Publications Vaidyanathan, R., and Ramakrishna, M., 2008. Geology of India. Geological Society of India. Reference Book Skinner 200 PE 602: Magnetic method of exploration

Principle of magnetic prospecting, origin of magnetic anomalies, induced and remanent magnetizations, demagnetization effect; concept of magnetic anomalies; magnetic susceptibility, factors controlling susceptibility, magnetic classification of minerals and rocks, laboratory and insitu methods of determining susceptibility, measurement of NRM by astatic and spinner magnetometers. Magnetic prospecting instruments, nuclear, fluxgate, optical pumping and squid magnetometers; gradient measurements; magnetic surveying for minerals, oil and regional geology; data reduction, diurnal and normal corrections; airborne magnetometry, orientation mechanisms, survey techniques, data acquisition and reduction; marine magnetometry, plan of surveying, data collection; satellite magnetometry. Interpretation of magnetic data, qualitative interpretation, nature of anomalies, identification of different structural features; dependence of magnetic anomalies on latitude and orientation; isolation and enhancement of anomalies, regional-residual separation, derivative and continuation calculations; ambiguity. Magnetic anomalies (vertical and total field) of single pole and sphere, anomaly equations, profiles, properties and interpretation procedures; Poissons relation, similarity of magnetic anomalies of two-dimensional bodies in different components, generalized equations for the magnetic anomalies of line dipoles, dykes, sheets and faults, properties of profiles, interpretation by thumb rules and characteristic curves; magnetic equivalence of dykes, faults and anticlines. Forward modelling, two dimensional and three-dimensional bodies, graticules, computer models, familiarization of anomaly equations. Magnetic inversion, 2d polygonal bodies, dykes and magnetic interfaces; interpretation in frequency domain, depth calculations. Applications, regional geological mapping, oil exploration, mineral exploration with special reference to iron ores, sulphide mineralization, chromites, manganese, diamond, placer deposits, coal; ground water and engineering problems. Books recommended: 1. 2. Philip Kearey and Michael Brooks, An introduction to geophysical exploration, 2000, Blackwell Science. I.V.Radhakrishna Murthy, Gravity and magnetic Interpretation in Exploration Geophysics, PE 603: Electromagnetic methods of exploration Electromagnetic induction, Maxwells equations, boundary conditions, wave equation, quasi static condition, solution of wave equation, plane wave characteristics, wave number, impedance, skin depth; primary-secondary field relations, elliptic polarization, real and imaginary components, response function. Field of a large loop, magnetic and electric dipoles (both in transient and frequency domains) in air and homogeneous isotropic space; response of stratified medium to the above sources, effect of frequency and magnetic permeability on the secondary fields, effect of overburden and host rock on EM response. Artificial source methods, classification frequency domain EM, Turam, VLEM and Slingram methods, operation at low induction number, principles, field procedures, quantitative interpretation; time domain EM, general field procedures, interpretation of surface transient method data. EM sounding, geometric and parametric soundings, field procedures, interpretation; VLF; ground penetrating radar. Airborne EM methods, phase component and quadrature systems, rigid boom helicopter system, INPUT, passive airborne EM systems, AFMAG and VLF; noise in AEM systems, methods of suppression; interpretation; application of EM Methods in mineral and ground water exploration, geological mapping and engineering problems.

Natural source methods, telluric currents, origin, principles and field procedures, interpretation; magneto telluric field characteristics, field procedures, remote reference magnetotellurics, Cagniards relation, impedance over N-layer medium, apparent resistivity and phase, MT tensor, MT signal processing, static shift, interpretation. Applications of MT in oil, geothermal exploration and crustal structure. Geomagnetic depth sounding, origin and classification of long period geomagnetic variations, separation of magnetic field of internal and external origin, normal and anomalous fields, interpretation of geomagnetic depth soundings. Books recommended: 1. 2. 3. 4. Reference: 1. EM methods in Applied Geophysics, Vols. I & II, Nabighian, M.N ed, SEG Publications PE 604: Seismic data processing and interpretation Fourier series, Dirichlet conditions, Fourier analysis, Gibbs phenomenon; Fourier transforms, addition, symmetry and time scaling properties, frequency and time shifting theorems, derivation and integration theorems; amplitude, phase and power spectra; Fourier transforms of gate, exponential, impulse, step, singularity and periodic functions. Time-series analysis, discrete time signals, auto and cross correlation, convolution, impulse response and transfer functions, spectrum of observational data, discrete Fourier Transform (DFT), FFT, Z-transform, delay properties of wavelets. Band limited signals, sampling theorem, Nyquist frequency, aliasing, sampling of band and time limited signals, reproduction of continuous function from sampled data, windowing, types of windows, spectral leakage, power spectrum; Wiener Khinchin theorem, spectrum computation via autocorrelation and periodogram. Digital filtering, design, amplitude and phase response, low-pass, high-pass and band-pass filters, optimum filters, Butterworth filter, recursive and non-recursive filters, optimal and optimum Weiner filters; deconvolution, deterministic and statistical deconvolution, predictive deconvolution, time-variant deconvolution, frequency filtering. Reflection data processing, static and dynamic corrections, study of shot gather, identification of seismic events and noise; analysis of analog records, seismic sections, automatic processing; demultiplexing, format conversion, trace editing, pre-filtering, gain applications, geometric spreading correction, programmed gain control, RMS and instantaneous AGC and relative trace balancing; deconvolution, construction of convolution model, effect of random noise, multiple attenuation, dip filtering, deconvolution strategies; velocity analysis and static corrections; NMO, factors affecting velocity analysis, residual static corrections, refraction static corrections; migration, different methods, dip moveout correction (DMO), prestack migration, AVO analysis. Books recommended: 1. Markus Bath, 1973, Spectral analysis in Geophysics, Elsevier Publication 2. Oz Yilmaz, 2001, Seismic data analysis, Society of Exploration Geophysicists, Tulsa, Oklahoma, USA. Applied Geophysics, Telford, et. al., revised edition Electrical methods of Geophysical Prospecting, Keller and Frischknecht Mining Geophysics, Parasnis Philip Kearey and Michael Brooks, An introduction to geophysical exploration, 2000, Blackwell Science.

3.

Philip Kearey and Michael Brooks, 2000, An introduction to geophysical exploration, Blackwell Science.

PE 605: Statistics Measures of central tendency and dispersion, mean, median, mode, standard deviation, variance, inter-quartile range, coefficient of variation, skewness, kurtosis. Random variable, properties, distribution function, binomial, Poisson and negative binomial distributions and their properties, normal, uniform and exponential distribution and their properties, bi-variate distributions, marginal and conditional distributions, covariance, coefficient of correlation, rank correlation, lines of regression and properties of regression coefficients. Concept of population, sample, statistic, sampling distribution and standard error, exact sampling distributions, t, 2 and F distributions and their interrelations. Point estimation, criteria for good estimator, consistency, unbiasedness, efficiency and sufficiency, estimation by the method of MLE, confidence intervals. Null hypothesis, alternative hypothesis, critical region, types of errors, level of significance and power of test. Large sample tests and significance for proportions, means and standard deviation Small sample tests of significance based on normal, t, 2 and F distributions. Analysis of variance for one way and two way classification. Study of simple random sampling, stratified random sampling and systematic sampling. Estimation of population mean and variance. Books recommended: DAVIS, J.C., 1986, Statistics and data analysis in geology. 2nd edition. John Wiley, New York. Gupta SC, 1988, Statistical Techniques, Sultan Chand Publishers, New Delhi Hohn M E, 1988, Geostatistics and Petroleum Geology, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York. ISAAKS, E.H. & SRIVASTAVA, R.M. 1989. An introduction to applied geostatistics, Oxford University Press, Oxford. Ricardo A. Olea, 1999, Feostatistics for Engineers and Earth Scientists, Kluwer Academic Publishers, London. Sarma D D , 2002, Geostatistics with applications in Earth Sciences, Capital Publishing Company, New Delhi. Saroj K. Pal, 1998, Statistics for Geoscientists, Concept publishing company, New Delhi.

PE 606: Magnetic method of exploration practical 1. Calculation of effective induced magnetization in two-dimensional bodies 2. calculation of resultant magnetization for three-dimensional bodies and effective resultant magnetization in two-dimensional bodies. 3. Reduction of magnetic data 4. Forward modeling of total field of single pole for different latitudes 5. Forward modeling of total field anomalies of point dipole for different directions of magnetization 6. Interpretation of total field anomalies of point pole

7. Interpretation of magnetic anomalies of dykes by characteristic curves and the method of Kolumzine 8. Calculation of magnetic anomalies of two-dimensional bodiesusing graticules 9. Demonstration of modeling and inversion of magnetic anomalies two-dimensional bodies PE 607: Electromagnetic methods of exploration practical 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Forward response of sheet like body for turam, dip angle and slingram methods. Interpretation of slingram data over a sheet using characteristic curves. Interpretation of turam data over a sheet using characteristic curves. Interpretation of dip angle data over a sheet using characteristic curves. Interpretation of phase component AEM data over a sheet. Interpretation of quadrature component AEM data over a sheet. Interpretation of TDEM AEM data over a sheet. Calculation of apparent resistivity from MT data. MT forward response of layered earth. Bosticks depth inversion. PE 608: Seismic data processing and interpretation practical Semester VII PE 701: Petroleum system Composition and characteristics of gaseous and liquid hydrocarbons Origin of petroleum, thermogenic, biogenic, inorganic, source rocks, nature and types, characterization, evaluation of source rock potential. Maturation, concepts, qualitative and quantitative evaluation, chemical and optical methods of kerogen and bitumen analysis, diagenesis, catagenesis and metagenesis, TTI concept. Migration of petroleum, primary and secondary, mechanics of oil and gas movement through pore space. Reservoir rocks, clastic, carbonate and unconventional reservoirs, cap rocks, thickness vs. effectiveness, transgressive shales as cap rocks. Entrapment, geological framework, mechanics of entrapment, structural, stratigraphic and combination traps. Concept of tilted owc; role of organic geochemistry in petroleum exploration. Books recommended: Ravi Bastia, Geologic settings and petroleum Systems of India east coast offshore basinsconcepts and application. Jutshi P.L. and Pawar M.S., Geology of petroleum basins of India, Bhagwan Sahay, Petroleum exploration and exploitation practices, PE 702: Seismic stratigraphy and facies analysis Seismic sections, plotting, display, events, isochronal and isopach maps, identification of geological structures, structural and stratigraphic traps; pitfalls in interpretation. Hydrocarbon indicators, bright spots, seismic attributes, AVO, reflector curvature, AVO attributes and interpretation; vertical seismic profiling (VSP), equipment, configurations, deviated well, walk away, offset VSP etc; processing of VSP data, applications in hydrocarbon exploration; three-dimensional seismic exploration; survey design and acquisition, data processing; 3d refraction, static corrections, azimuth dependence of moveout velocities, 3d dip move out correction, velocity analysis, 3d residual static corrections, migration and trace interpolation, 3d

post stack migration; interpretation, time slices, 3d visualization, removal of opacity, seed detection, structural and stratigraphic interpretation, geological interpretation. Seismic stratigraphy, stratigraphic patterns, geological sea level change model, dipositional patters and lithology, seismic sequence; seismic facies, reflection character, simple and complex reflection configuration; seismic reflection character analysis, amplitude and continuity; synthetic seismogram, modeling concepts, high resolution seismic surveys, shallow engineering surveys and suitable energy sources; 4c, 4d recording, seismic tomography, seismic anisotrophy, effects of anisotropy on AVO; generation and recording of shear waves, energy sources, shear wave geophones, recording, processing and section plotting, interpretation Vp/Vs as litho logy indicator, hydrocarbons and engineering applications. Application of reflection method for oil and gas, ground water, coal, mineral deposits and gas hydrates etc., engineering applications and crustal studies. Books recommended: 1. Payton, C.E, 1977, Seismic stratigraphy Applications to hydrocarbon exploration, Memoir of the American association of petroleum geologists 26, Tulsa, Oklahoma. 2. Robert E Sheriff, 1982, Seismic stratigraphy, The English Book Depot, Dehra Dun 3. Oz Yilmaz, 2001, Seismic data analysis, Society of Exploration Geophysicists, Tulsa, Oklahoma, USA. PE 703: Drilling technology Types of wells; exploration, appraisal and development, deviated holes, horizontal and multilaterals. Types of drilling rigs; their structure and tools, onshore, very shallow water, shallow water, deep water and ultra deep water environments. Drilling methods; pre-drill operations in on land and offshore environments, planning and execution of drilling operations - conventional wells, horizontal wells and multilateral wells, drilling fluids, drilling hazards and their management, health, safety and environmental aspects, well completions Books recommended: Handbook of drilling technology terms and phrases. Compiled by DEW.

PE 704: Sedimentary basins of India Types of petroliferous basins, relationship between basin type and hydrocarbon prospectivity; structural evolution of Indian sub continent in light of plate tectonics; tectonic and stratigraphic evolution of petroliferous basins of India; on land: Cambay, Rajasthan, Vindhyan, Satpura, Ganga, Bengal, Assam, Assam-Arakan, offshore: Konkan-Kerala, Mumbai offshore, Cauvery, Krishna-Godavari, Mahanadi, Andaman; global hydrocarbon scenario with special reference to India; geographical distribution pattern of hydrocarbon reserves and their impact on global politics. Books recommended: Bhandari, L.L., Venkatachala, B.S., Kumar, R., Swamy, S.N., Garga, P. and Srivastava, D.C. (Eds.) Petroliferous Basins of India, 3 volumes, published by Keshava Deva Malaviya Institute of Petroleum exploration, ONGC, Dehradun.

Biswas, S.K., Dave, A., Garg, P., Pandey, J., Maithani, A. and Thomas, N.J. (Eds.). Proceedings of 2nd Seminar on Petroliferous Basins of India, Dehra Dun, Dec. 18-20, 1991, Vol.1, 1993, Indian Petroleum Publishers, Dehra Dun. Singh, L. Oil and Gas Field of India, 2000, Indian Petroleum Publishers, Dehra Dun. PE 705: Oil and gas field development Classification of hydrocarbon reserves, reservoir characterization - principles and methods; reservoir modelling - static modelling, reservoir dynamics, phase relationships; well spacing and pattern concepts; reservoir simulation dynamic modeling; well completion techniques, reservoir monitoring; reservoir management, production logging, well repair jobs; Reservoir simulation techniques/productivity improvement techniques, development economics, development geophysics concepts Enhanced oil recovery, concept, methods, by passed oil identification and exploitation. Books recommended:

PE 706: Petroleum system practical

PE 707: Seismic stratigraphy practical Study of seismic section. Identification of reflectors, horizons and geological structures on seismic sections. Generation of synthetic seismograms on computers. Semester VIII PE 801: Reservoir engineering Principles of reservoir engineering, physical properties of reservoir - their significance and measurement; porosity and permeability in clastic and carbonate rocks, core analysis. Reservoir fluids and their characteristics; oil, gas and water, fluid contacts, reservoir dynamics, phase relationships, reservoir energy and drive mechanisms, recovery factor, reserves estimation, principles, methods, categorization, well completion techniques. Pressure buildup studies, their significance & data interpretation, operational aspects, pvt studies and their significance. Books recommended: Frank, W. Cole, 1969, Reservoir Engineering Manual, Gulf Engineering Co., Houston. PE 802: Petroleum geochemistry and geochemical exploration Role of geochemistry in petroleum exploration, types of organic matter, composition, structure. Geological locales for organic matter accumulation, role of tectonics. Identification of source rocks, direct laboratory methods, radioactive and electro logs, isotopic techniques.

Maturation of organic matter, oil window & gas window, maturation modeling - TTI concept. Techniques used for source rock study and estimation of source potential, vitrinite reflectance, rock eval pyrolysis - hydrogen index & oxygen index, gas chromatography, wire - line logs. Study of biomarkers, principles, source rock to oil correlation, oil to oil correlation, dating of source rocks. Macro and micro seepages; free and adsorbed gas relationship in macro seepages. Soil gas surveys; geochemical surveys in offshore environment, geochemical anomalies identification through landsat imagery, multi-spectral instruments - their utility, advanced space borne thermal emission & reflection instrument (ASTER), magnetic alteration of oil seepage signature. Geochemical anomaly maps, preparation, interpretation, Integration with Geological Data, Geochemistry in Basin Modeling. Books recommended: PE 803: Well site geology Geo-technical order, geological, geophysical, chemical and drilling aspects, drill time logging and analysis, well cutting analysis and description, coring and core analysis, well cuttings and preparation of lithology. Composite log, parameters, preparation, analysis, pore pressure prediction, exponent, shale density. Formation testing, principles, drill stem testing, conventional testing. Well completion techniques; mud logging, principles, measurement and analysis of different parameters, operational aspects. Overview of operational aspects of well logging, velocity shooting, vertical seismic profiling, duties of a well- site geologist. Books recommended: PE 804: Formation evaluation Petrophysical parameters, porosity, water saturation, permeability, formation factor, formation temperatures, resistivity index; formation factor porosity relationships. Data acquisition, surface equipment, wireline (cable), down hole equipment, tools, sensors, detector, signals, electrical, pulse, digital, downhole digitization, openhole and cased hole operations, logging while drilling (LWD), imaging techniques. Data processing, depth corrections, borehole effects, corrections, borehole compensation, other environmental corrections, invasion effects, fluid effects, log quality control. Data interpretation, openhole logs: SP log, resistivity logging, historical development, conventional systems, focused systems, normal, lateral, laterolog, induction log, micrologging devices, need for development, acoustic logging developments, Nuclear logging NeutronDensity logging, developments, gamma ray and natural gamma ray spectroscopy logs (NGS), new developments, dipmeter, Carbon-Oxygen logging, electromagnetic propagation, magnetic resonance logging. Determination of porosity from resistivity and non-resistivity porosity tools, density, neutron-sonic logs, lithology and porosity from cross-plots, determination of fluid saturation from resistivity porosity cross plots, permeability from logs, Quick look interpretation techniques, identification of clean, shaly, hydrocarbon zones, minerals. Computer processed interpretation (CPI) softwares. Complex reservoir and fractured reservoir interpretation, formation fluid sampling, MDT, SFT, sidewall casing.

Laboratory determination of petrophysical parameters a, m, n, formation factor-porosity relationship, core and log comparision. Casedhole logging, gammaray, cement bond log, casing colar, perforation services. Production logging, sick wells, production problems, flow meters, radioactive tracer tool, temperature tools, reservoir saturation tools, pulsed neutron, reservoir saturation tools, reservoir monitoring. Applications, geological applications, log correction, well to well, field to field studies, structural and facies interpretation, operational environments, natural fluid identification, reservoir engineering, reservoir parameter evolution, porosity, fluid saturation, temperature, pressure analysis. Books recommended: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Edward J. Lynch, Formation evaluation, M. R. J. Wylie, Fundamentals of well log interpretation S. J. Pirson, Reservoir engineering, S. J. Prison, Hand book of well long analysis, D. P. Helander, Formation evaluation, Roberto Augularia, Naturally fractured reservoirs, Log interpretation principles, Schlumberger document, PE 805: Principles of Remote Sensing Electromagnetic radiation, electromagnetic spectrum, Plancks law, Wiens displacement law; interaction with the atmosphere, earths surface and matter, selective and non-selective scattering, impact of scattering on remotely sensed data, atmospheric windows and absorption bands. Spectral reflectance curves of water, snow, clouds, vegetation, soils, rocks/minerals; imaging and non-imaging sensors, radiometers, spectrometers, spectroradiometers, line scan systems, array scanning systems, multispectral scanner systems, whiskbroom and pushbroom imaging systems, circular/conical/side scanning systems; sensor characteristics, spatial resolution, spectral resolution, radiometric resolution and temporal resolution. Satellite remote sensing, platforms for data acquisition; satellite orbits; geo-synchronous and sun-synchronous orbits; earth resource observation satellites and their sensors: NIMBUS, LANDSAT, MOS, IRS- 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, p2, p3, p4, p5, p6 etc., ETM Plus, SPOT, ERS, JEIRS, Radarsat; high resolution satellite systems, IKONOS, quick bird, Resource sat, Cart sat etc., Microwave remote sensing, wavelength bands, geometry of the radar image, passive microwave radiometers, penetration of the radar signal, polarization; advantages and disadvantages of passive microwave remote sensing; active microwave remote sensing: SLAR, SAR; look direction and look angle, characteristics of SAR on SEASAT, SIR-A, B, C, ERS, ENVISAT, RADARSAT, JEIRS and other microwave sensors; Interpreting Brightness Values, satellite image radars, LiDAR. Thermal remote sensing; thermal radiometry, microwave radiometers, thermal scanners, thermal properties of objects, geometry of thermal images, thermal image and its interpretation, heat capacity mapping mission, TM mhermal data. Hyperspectral remote sensing; spectroscopy, image cube, AVIRIS, spectral matching, spectral mixing analysis, data libraries, MODIS, processing of hyper-spectral data application Image resolution, field data and image interpretation, target variables, system variables, operation conditions, measurement of resolution, mixed pixels, kinds of field data, nominal data, field radiometry, locational information, geographic sampling, image interpretation tasks, strategies, keys and equipment, elements of image interpretation, collateral information, interpretive overlays, preparation for manual interpretation, image scale calculations. Books recommended:

1. Floyd F. Sabins, IR., W.H., Remote Sensing: Principles and Interpretation, Freeman & Co., San Francisco. 2. Thomas Lilles and Ralph W Keifer., Remote Sensing and Image Interpretation, John Wiley & Sons. Reference: 1. James B. Campbell., Remote sensing, Taylor & Francis Ltd. 2. Paul Curran P.J., Principles of Remote Sensing, ELBS Publications. PE 806: Formation evaluation practical 1. 2. 3. 4. Use of porosity resistivity plots (Hingle and pickett), for estimation of water satisfaction. Estimation of hydrocarbon saturation using Archies equation. Estimation of formation water salinity from SP log. Using Density-Neutron cross plots for lithology and porosity identification. 5. Shaly sand interpretation using cut offs for estimation of pay thickness (phi, Sw, Vsh). 6. Identification of fluids and contributing layers from flow meter and temperature logs. PE 807: Remote Sensing practical Semester IX PE 901: Integrated hydrocarbon exploration and Hydrocarbon exploration management Need for integrated exploration, data gathering and organization, geological, geophysical, geochemical and drilling data. Identification through integration of seismic and geological data, major correlatable stratigraphic levels, minor and major faults and unconformities. Preparation of structure maps at different stratigraphic levels, preparation of isochronopachs, concept, purpose, analysis, preparation of facies model for each stratigraphic units, reconstruction of tectonic framework, stratigraphic framework, basin evolution model. Seismic attribute analysis and integration with other data for identification of potential pay levels, identification of important source rich levels through geochemical data, resource prognostication. Preparation of structure maps at potential levels, identification of prospective leads, risk analysis, identification of suitable exploratory locales; planning and execution of drilling, exploratory wells, collection of all relevant data, identification of hydrocarbon bearing levels. Well testing and reservoir data collection and analysis, integration of geological, electro Log, well testing and seismic data, validation / modification of existing geological model; volumetric estimation of in-place reserves, techno-economic evaluation of the prospect, planning and execution of appraisal, well drilling, delineation of pool limits, validation / modification of inplace reserves and reserves categorization. Leadership in exploration, managing individuals, subordinates, peers and superiors. Materials management in petroleum industry, accounting, project management by network techniques, data base, organization and management. Petroleum economics, energy security policy for India. Books recommended: PE 902: Petroleum refinery engineering and petrochemicals Crude oil, composition, refinery products, specifications, evaluation of crudes; pretreatment, dehydration and desalting; physical properties of petroleum oils and products.

Refinery distillation, catalytic cracking, reforming, hydrocracking and hydro-treating, hydrosulfurization; chemical treatment and extraction processes, alkylation, polymerization, lube oil processing; de-waxing, asphalt and air blown asphalt treatment of products, additives, blending of gasoline, treatment of gasoline, kerosene etc. Petrochemicals, raw materials, feed stocks, petrochemicals from ethylene C1, C2, C3 & C4 fractions and aromatic feed stocks; synthetic rubber, plastics, detergents. Books recommended: 1. Nelson, Petroleum Refinery Engineering, McGraw Hall Co. 2. B. K. B. Rao, Modern Petroleum Refining Processes, Oxford, IBH. 3. R. K. Bhaskara Rao, A Textbook on Petrochemicals 3rd Edition, Khanna Publishers, New Delhi.

PE 903: Pipeline engineering Fundamentals of pipeline engineering; history of pipelines and their role in oil and gas industry, pipeline industry and scenario in India, techno-commercial study of pipelines, responsibilities of pipeline engineers. Design and construction; design and operation codes for onshore and offshore pipelines, concepts of sub-sea pipelines, study of pipeline route, construction and commissioning procedures, project management techniques, operation and maintenance of pipelines, quality assurance practices. Materials used for linepipe and fittings; manufacturing process of linepipe, metallurgical and physical properties of linepipe and fittings, welding processes and procedures, non-destructive inspection, welding qualification procedures, mechanical joining of non-metallic, composite and flexible line pipe. Corrosion and corrosion control; electro chemical theory of corrosion, internal corrosion (sweet, sour, erosion and microbiological attack), external corrosion (pitting, hydrogen effects and stress corrosion cracking), assessment of internal corrosion and remedial measures, chemical treatment, inhibitor injection, internal coatings and in-service monitoring, control of external corrosion control, external coatings, cathodic protection and above ground survey practices. Safety and environmental practices; pipeline failure modes, hazard identification, characteristics of explosion and fire, risk analysis and assessment techniqaues, statutory regulations. Books recommended: 1. Vincent Genod, Fundamentals of Pipeline Engineering, 2. Mo Mohitpour, Hossein Golshan and Alan Murray, Pipeline Design and Construction: A practical approach. PE 904: Environmental studies