CHAPTER 1 ELECTROSTATICS 3 marks

.1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .7 .8 .9 .10 .11 .12 .13 .14 .15 .16 .17 .18 .19 .20 .21 .22 .23 .24 .25 .26 .27 .28 .29 .30 .31 .32 .33 .34 .35 .36 .37 .38 .39 .40 .41 .42 .43 .44 .45 What is electrostatics? What is meant by charged substances? What is frictional electricity? What is static electricity? How can you say that there are two kinds of electric charges in nature? What are conductors? What are insulators? State the law of quantisation of electric charge. State the law of conservation of electric charge. State the law of additive nature of charge. State Coulombs law. Define one coulomb. What is permittivity? What is relative permittivity? State the principle of superposition of electrostatic forces. Define electric field. Define electric field intensity. What are electric lines of force? What is the relation between electric lines of force and electric field intensity? What is an electric dipole? Define electric dipole moment. What are experienced by an electric dipole in a non-uniform electric field? How does a microwave oven work? Define electric potential. Define electric potential difference. Distinguish between electric potential and potential difference. What is the relation between electric field and potential? What is meant by potential gradient? How is it related to electric field? Define electric potential energy. Define equipotential surface. Define electric flux. State Gausss law regarding electric flux. What is electrostatic shielding? Why is it safer to be inside a car than under a tree during lightning? What are induced charges? What is electrostatic induction? Define capacitance. What are the factors on which the capacitance depends? What is a capacitor? What is a dielectric? What is a non-polar molecule? What is a polar molecule? What are induced dipoles? What is meant by polarization of dielectric material? How does a dielectric affect capacitance of a capacitor? Mention the applications of capacitors. What is meant by energy stored in a capacitor? Why does a conductor lose charges at sharp points? What is meant by action of points? What is lightning conductor? What is the principle behind Van de Graaff generator?

5 marks
.1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .7 .8 .9 .10 What are the basic properties of electric charge? Explain Coulombs law in detail and write its vector form. Derive expressions for the electric field intensity due to (i) a point charge, (ii) a system of charges. Write the properties of electric lines of force. Explain the behaviour of an electric dipole in a uniform electric field. Derive an expression for the electric potential at a point due to a point charge. Derive an expression for the electric field due to two parallel charged sheets. Derive expressions for effective capacitance in case of (i) capacitors in series and (ii) capacitors in parallel. Derive an expression for the energy stored in a capacitor. Write about lightning conductor.

10 marks
.1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .7 Derive an expression for the electric field due to an electric dipole at a point on its axial line. Derive an expression for the electric field due to an electric dipole at a point on the equatorial line. Derive an expression for the electric potential energy of an electric dipole in an electric field. Derive an expression for the electric potential at a point due to an electric dipole and mention the special cases. Derive an expression for the electric field due to an infinite long straight charged wire. Derive an expression for the electric field due to an infinite charged plane sheet. Derive expressions for the electric field due to uniformly charged spherical shell (i) at a point outside the shell (i) at a point on the surface (iii) at a point inside the shell. .8 Derive an expression for the capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor. .9 Derive an expression for the capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor with a dielectric medium. .10 Explain the principle and working of Van de Graaff generator.

CHAPTER 2 CURRENT ELECTRICITY 3 marks

.1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .7 .8 .9 .10 .11 .12 .13 .14 .15 .16 .17 .18 .19 .20 .21 .22 .23 .24 .25 .26 .27 .28 .29 .30 .31 .32 .33 .34 .35 .36 .37 .38 .39 .40 What are free electrons? Define electromotive force. Define electric current. Define drift velocity. Define mobility. Define current density. State Ohms law. Define conductance. Define resistance. Define electrical resistivity. Define electrical conductivity. How are the materials classified based on their resistivity? Define superconductivity. What is transition temperature? What effects are observed at transition temperature? Draw the table of colour codes for carbon resistors. Write the colour codes used for tolerance level of carbon resistors. What do the carbon resistors consist of? Why are carbon resistors widely used? Define temperature coefficient of a resistance. What is a thermistor? What is internal resistance of a cell? State the Kirchoffs laws. Write the conventions used while applying Kirchoffs laws to a circuit. What is potentiometer used for? What is the principle of potentiometer? Why is copper not suitable for a potentiometer? Compare emf and potential difference. Define electric energy. Write its unit. Define electric power. Write its unit. What is a wattmeter? What is electrolysis? What are electrolytes? What are electrodes? Define anions and cations. State the Faradays laws of electrolysis. Define chemical equivalent of a substance. Define electrochemical equivalent of a substance. What is an electric cell? What is primary cell? What is secondary cell? Give examples of both. What are the properties and applications of secondary cells? What are (i) discharging and (ii) charging a cell?

5 marks
.1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .7 What is the relation between drift velocity and mobility? Establish a relation between drift velocity and electric current. What are the applications of super conductors? How do you find the internal resistance of a cell? Explain Wheatstones bridge and derive the condition for bridge balance. Explain the principle of potentiometer with a neat sketch. Write about voltaic cell. Write about Lead Acid accumulator in detail.

10 marks
.1 .2 .3 .4 .5 Derive expressions for effective resistance in case of (i) resistances in series and (ii) resistances in parallel. Describe an experiment to find (i) the unknown resistance, (ii) the specific resistance and (iii) the temperature coefficient of resistance, using the metre bridge. How do you compare the emfs of two given cells using a potentiometer? Describe the experiments to verify Faradays laws of electrolysis. Explain the working of (i) Daniel cell, (ii) Leclanche cell

CHAPTER 3 EFFECTS OF ELECTRIC CURRENT 3 marks

.1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .7 .8 .9 .10 .11 .12 .13 .14 .15 .16 .17 .18 .19 .20 .21 .22 .23 .24 .25 .26 .27 .28 .29 .30 State the Joules law of heating. What are thermo couple, thermo electric emf, thermo electric effect / Seebeck effect? How can you say that Seebeck effect is reversible? What is thermoelectric series? What are neutral temperature and inversion temperature? What is Peltier effect? Define Peltier coefficient? What does it depend on? What is Thomson effect? What are positive Thomson effect and negative Thomson effect? Define Thomson coefficient. What is a thermopile? State the Maxwells right hand corkscrew rule. State the Biot-Savarts law. What is a tangent galvanometer? State the Amperes circuital law. What is a solenoid? State the right hand palm rule. State the end rule for the magnetic polarity of solenoid. What are the observations / features of magnetic Lorentz force? What is a cyclotron? What are the limitations of a cyclotron? Based on magnetic Lorentz force, define ampere. What is a moving coil galvanometer? Define current sensitivity of a galvanometer. Define voltage sensitivity of a galvanometer. Explain how changing current sensitivity of a galvanometer may not necessarily change voltage sensitivity. What is an ammeter? What is a voltmeter? How are they constructed from a galvanometer? Define the magnetic moment of a current loop. Define gyromagnetic ratio. What is Bohr magnetron?

5 marks
.1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .7 .8 .9 .10 .11 .12 .13 .14 What are the applications of Joules heating? Explain Seebeck effect in detail. Also write about neutral temperature and inversion temperature. Explain Thomson effect in detail. Explain the principle, construction and working of a thermopile. How do you prove that there is a magnetic field a current carrying conductor? How do you find the direction of the field? How do you observe the magnetic field due to a circular loop carrying current? State the Biot-Savart law and derive expression for the magnetic field due to a current element. Explain Amperes circuital law in detail. Derive an expression for the magnetic induction due to a long solenoid carrying current. Derive expression for the torque experienced by a current loop in a uniform magnetic field. How do you convert a galvanometer into an ammeter? How do you convert a galvanometer into a voltmeter? Explain how a current loop works as a magnetic dipole. Derive expression for the magnetic dipole moment of a revolving electron. What is Bohr magnetron?

10 marks
.1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .7 .8 .9 Describe experiment to verify the Joules laws of heating. Derive an expression for the magnetic field due to an infinitely long straight conductor carrying current. Derive expression for the magnetic induction along the axis of a circular coil carrying current. Explain the principle and construction a tangent galvanometer. How do you use tangent galvanometer to find the current in a circuit? Explain the motion of charged particle in a uniform magnetic field. Explain the principle, construction and working of a cyclotron. Derive expression for the force on a current carrying conductor placed in a magnetic field. Derive expression for the force between two long parallel current-carrying conductors. Explain the principle, construction and working of a moving coil galvanometer.

CHAPTER 4 ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION AND ALTERNATING CURRENT 3 marks

.1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .7 .8 .9 .10 .11 .12 .13 .14 .15 .16 .17 .18 .19 .20 .21 .22 .23 .24 .25 .26 .27 .28 .29 .30 .31 .32 .33 .34 .35 .36 .37 .38 .39 .40 .41 Define magnetic flux linked with a closed area. Define induced emf and induced current. Define electromagnetic induction. List the Faradays observations regarding electromagnetic induction. State Faradays laws of electromagnetic induction. State Lenzs law. State Flemings right hand rule. Define self-induction. Define coefficient of self-induction. Give its unit. Define one henry. Define mutual induction. Define coefficient of mutual induction. Give its unit. What are the factors on which the coefficient of mutual induction depends? Differentiate between self-inductance and mutual inductance. What are the methods of producing induced emf? What is an a.c. generator? What is the principle behind a.c. generator? What are the parts of an a.c. generator? What is a polyphase a.c.generator? Why can a d.c. ammeter not read a.c.? What are eddy currents? What is a transformer? What is a step-up transformer? What is a step-down transformer? Define efficiency of a transformer? What is transformer ratio? Why is long distance power transmission done at high voltage? Explain with examples. Define rms value of A.C. Define inductive reactance. What is its unit? How does an inductive circuit behave at different frequencies? Define capacitive reactance. What is its unit? How does a capacitive circuit behave at different frequencies? Define impedance of a circuit. What happens to the value of current in RLC series circuit, if frequency of the source is increased? Define resonant frequency of a circuit. Define acceptor circuit. What is Q-factor of a circuit? What is its significance? Define power factor. What is a choke coil? Describe the construction of a choke coil. What are R.F. chokes and A.F. chokes? What are the uses of chokes?

5 marks
.1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .7 .8 .9 .10 .11 .12 State Lensz law and explain how it is in accordance with the law of conservation of energy. Derive expression for the mutual induction between two long solenoids. Explain the methods to produce induced emf by changing (i) the magnetic induction (ii) the area enclosed by the coil. Explain the principle, construction and working of a transformer and explain transformer ratio. What are the applications of eddy currents? Write about the energy losses in a transformer. Deduce an expression for the rms value of a.c. Explain the theory of a.c. circuit with resistor. Obtain condition for the series resonance in an RLC circuit. What is Q-factor? Explain the significance with help of a graph. Derive an expression for the power in an a.c. circuit. Explain principle, construction and working of a choke coil and write about R.F. and A.F chokes.

10 marks
.1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .7 .8 How was electromagnetic induction discovered? Derive expressions for (i) self inductance of a long solenoid (ii) energy associated with an inductor. Explain, with a neat sketch, the method to induce emf by changing the orientation of a coil. Explain the principle, construction and working of a single phase a.c. generator. Explain the working of a three phase a.c. generator. How does an inductive circuit function? Explain in detail. How does a capacitive circuit function? Explain in detail. Derive expressions for the impedance and its phase relation with voltage in an RLC circuit.

CHAPTER 5 ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES AND WAVE OPTICS 3 marks

.1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .7 .8 .9 .10 .11 .12 .13 .14 .15 .16 .17 .18 .19 .20 .21 .22 .23 .24 .25 .26 .27 .28 .29 .30 .31 .32 .33 .34 .35 .36 .37 .38 .39 .40 .41 .42 .43 .44 .45 .46 .47 .48 .49 .50 .51 .52 .53 .54 .55 .1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .7 .8 .9 .10 .11 .12 .13 .14 .15 .16 .1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .7 .8 .9 .10 .11 How are electric field and magnetic fields arranged in an electromagnetic wave? What is the nature of E.M. wave? (or) What electromagnetic waves? What is electromagnetic spectrum? What determines the physical properties of an e.m. wave? Define (i) emission spectra, (ii) absorption spectra. What are Fraunhofer lines? How can you identify the elements in Suns atmosphere? What is fluorescence? What is phosphorescence? What is difference between fluorescence and phosphorescence? What are the different modes of propagating energy? Differentiate corpuscle and photon. State Rayleigh scattering law. Why does the sky usually appear blue? Why does it appear reddish at sunrise and sunset? What is Tyndall scattering? What is Raman effect? What is Raman shift? What does it depend on? What does it not depend on? What are Stokes lines and anti-Stokes lines? What is a virtual state? What are the applications of Raman spectrum? What is wave front? What is an isotropic medium? Name some types of wave fronts and explain how they are produced. State the Huygens principle. What are the conditions for total internal reflection? State the superposition principle of waves. Define coherent sources. Why cannot two independent sources be coherent sources? What is the relation between phase difference and path difference? What is interference? What is constructive interference? What is destructive interference? What is sustained interference? What are the conditions for it? What are conditions for (i) constructive interference (ii) destructive interference? What are the conditions for obtaining clear and broad interference bands? What are Newtons rings? Why is the center of Newtons rings dark? What is diffraction? Why do we hear people in the next room, even though we do not see them? What is the difference between Fresnel diffraction and Fraunhofer diffraction? What is diffraction grating? How does diffraction pattern of white light appear? Enumerate the differences between interference and diffraction. Define polarisation. What is meant by polarised wave? Define plane of vibration and plane of polarisation. What is the angle between them? How are the vibrations in light represented on paper? What are polariser and analyser? How can you find whether a given light is polarized or unpolarised or partially polarized? (or) How do you use an analyzer? Differentiate between polarized and unpolarised light. Define polarising angle. What is double refraction? Bring out the difference between ordinary and extra ordinary rays. What is optic axis? What are uniaxial crystals? What are biaxial crystals? What is a polaroid? What is meant by optical activity? How are optically active substances classified? What are the factors on which optical activity depends? Define specific rotation. What are the characteristics of electromagnetic waves? Describe the Hertzs experiment to produce an electromagnetic wave. Draw the table summarising the electromagnetic spectrum. What are the uses of electromagnetic spectrum? Explain Fraunhofer lines in detail. Explain Newtons corpuscular theory of light. State Huygens principle and explain how to construct different wave fronts. Explain interference of light and derive expression for the ratio of highest intensity of lowest intensity. Describe the arrangement of Youngs double slit experiment. Derive expression for the radius of the nth dark ring in Newtons rings experiment. What are the applications of Newtons rings? Describe an experiment to prove the transverse nature of light. Explain the working of Pile of plates. Explain the phenomenon of double refraction. Explain the working of Nicol prism. What are the uses of polaroids?

5 marks

10 marks
Write about the different types of spectra. Explain the different theories of light. Explain Raman effect in detail. Based on Huygens principle, explain the reflection of a plane wave front at a plane surface and verify the laws of reflection. Based on Huygens principle, explain the refraction of a plane wave front at a plane surface and verify the laws of refraction. Explain total internal reflection based on wave theory. Derive an expression for the band width in Youngs double slit experiment. Explain the phenomenon of interference in thin films and derive expressions for brightness and darkness. Describe the setup of Newtons rings experiment and derive expressions for brightness and darkness. Explain the theory of plane diffraction grating and derive the related formula. Describe experiments to find the wavelengths of (i) monochromatic light (ii) the spectral lines of a composite (white) light, using a plane diffraction grating. .12 Explain polarisation by reflection and derive Brewsters law. .13 Explain optical activity and specific rotation.

CHAPTER 6 ATOMIC PHYSICS 3 marks

.1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .7 .8 .9 .10 .11 .12 .13 .14 .15 .16 .17 .18 .19 .20 .21 .22 .23 .24 .25 .26 .27 .28 .29 .30 .31 .32 .33 .34 .35 .36 .37 .38 .39 .40 .41 .42 .43 .44 .45 .46 .47 .48 .49 .50 .51 What are the ways to produce charged particles in a gas? What is a discharge tube? What are cathode rays? What are positive rays / canal rays? Define specific charge of an electron. On what factors does it depend? How was the charge of an electron fixed to be 1.602 x 10-19 C ? What are the drawbacks of Thomsons atom model? What are the observations and conclusions drawn from Rutherfords alpha particle scattering experiment? What is distance of closest approach? Sate Bohrs postulates. What is Bohr radius? What is spectral line in the context of atoms? Define wave number of a radiation. What is Rydberg constant? What is meant by energy level diagram? Why are sodium vapour lamp and mercury vapour lamp popular in laboratories? What is meant by ground state? Define excitation potential energy. Define ionisation potential energy and ionisation potential. What are the modifications made by Sommerfeld to the Bohr theory? What are the drawbacks of somerfelds atom model? What are X-rays? How are X-rays produced? What are required to produce X-rays? What are the characteristics of the anode in the Coolidge tube? What are hard X-rays and soft X-rays? How can you detect X-rays? Why can we not use normal gratings to diffract X-rays? State Braggs law. State Moseleys law. What are the applications of Moseley law? Why can not two independent sources of light be coherent? What is LASER? What are the characteristics of laser? How does laser light differ from ordinary light? What is meant by normal population? What is meant by stimulated or induced absorption? What is meant by (i) pumping, (ii) optical pumping? What is meant by population inversion? What is a metastable state? What is spontaneous emission? What is stimulated emission? What are the differences between spontaneous emission and stimulated emission? Which property of stimulated emission is useful for producing LASER beam? What are stimulating photon and stimulated photon? What is laser action? What are the conditions to achieve laser action? What is a ruby? What is meant by radiationless transition? What is holography? What is MASER?

5 marks
.1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .7 .8 .9 .10 State the properties of cathode rays. Describe an experiment to prove the existence of canal rays. State the properties of canal rays. Explain the Rutherfords atom model. What are the drawbacks of Rutherfords atom model? Write about the different spectral series of Hydrogen atom. What are the shortcomings of Bohrs theory of atom? What are the properties of X-rays? Explain the Laue experiment to diffract X-rays. Explain the Braggs law for X-ray diffraction.

10 marks
.1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .7 .8 .9 .10 .11 .12 .13 What phenomena are observed when electricity is discharged through gases at low pressure and high voltage? Explain Millikans oil drop experiment to determine the charge of an electron. Explain the Thomsons atom model. Explain the Rutherfords alpha particle scattering experiment. What are the observations and conclusions drawn from it? Based on Bohrs atom model, derive an expression for the radius of the nth orbit of an atom and energy of an electron in nth orbit. Explain Sommefelds atom model in detail. What are the drawbacks of this model? With a neat sketch, explain the production of X-rays. Explain the working of Braggs X-ray spectrometer. Explain (a) characteristic and (b) continuous X-ray spectra. What are the applications of X-rays? Explain the action of Ruby laser. Explain the working of He-Ne laser. What are the applications of LASER?

CHAPTER 7 DUAL NATURE OF RADIATION AND MATTER AND RELATIVITY 3 marks

.1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .7 .8 .9 .10 .11 .12 .13 .14 .15 .16 .17 .18 .19 .20 .21 .22 .23 .24 .25 What is photoelectric emission / effect? What is saturation current? What is cut-off potential? What is threshold frequency? State the laws of photoelectric emission. How can you say that a photon has dual nature? When a photon is incident on a metal surface, how is its energy used? Define work function of a photo metal. What is a photocell? What are the types of photoelectric cells? How does burglar alarm work? What are matter waves? Define stationary orbit according to the wave mechanical concept of atom. How does the wave mechanical concept of atom confirm Bohrs postulate? What is an electron microscope? What are the uses and limitations of an electron microscope? What does special theory of relativity deal with? Define frame of reference. What are the different types of frames of reference? What are inertial frames? What are non-inertial frames? Compare inertial frame and non-inertial frame. State the postulates of the special theory of relativity. What is meant by length contraction? What is meant by time dilation? What are the implications of the equivalence between mass and energy?

5 marks
.1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .7 Describe the Hallwachs experiment. How does the intensity of the incident radiation effect the photoelectric current? Explain with graph. Derive the Einsteins photoelectric equation. What are the applications of photoelectric cells? Explain de Broglie wavelength and derive a formula for de Borglie wavelength of an electron. Explain the concepts of space, time and mass in classical mechanics. Derive Einsteins mass-energy equivalence.

10 marks
.1 .2 .3 .4 .5 With suitable sketch, explain the effect of potential difference on the photoelectric current. With suitable sketch, explain the effect of frequency of the incident radiation on stopping potential. Explain the photoelectric cell in detail. Explain the construction and working of an electron microscope. Explain length contraction, time dilation and variation of mass with velocity.

CHAPTER 8 NUCLEAR PHYSICS 3 marks

.1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .7 .8 .9 .10 .11 .12 .13 .14 .15 .16 .17 .18 .19 .20 .21 .22 .23 .24 .25 .26 .27 .28 .29 .30 .31 .32 .33 .34 .35 .36 .37 .38 .39 .40 .41 .42 .43 .44 .45 .46 .47 .48 .49 .50 .51 .52 .53 .54 .55 Describe the structure of a nucleus. What is the difference between a neutron and a proton? What are nucleons? How is a nucleus represented? What are isotopes? What are isobars? What are isotones? Mention the general properties of a nucleus. Define a.m.u. Write its value and calculate its equivalent energy. Define mass defect. What is the limitation of a mass spectrometer? What is binding energy? How is it related to mass defect? What is nuclear force? What is the difference between nuclear force and gravitational force? What is radioactivity? State the radioactive displacement law for decay. State the radioactive displacement law for decay. State the radioactive displacement law for decay. State the radioactive law of disintegration. Define half life period. Define mean life. Define activity of a radio active substance. What are slow neutrons and fast neutrons? What are thermal neutrons? Define artificial radioactivity. How are artificial radio isotopes produced? What is meant by radio-carbon dating? How are the biological effects of nuclear radiations classified? How is radiation exposure measured? What are the precautions taken while working with radioactive materials. What is artificial transmutation? What is the special feature of a nuclear reaction? What is a particle accelerator? Define electron volt and give its value. What ate the two types of particle accelerators? What is the use of Geiger Muller counter? What is the speciality of Wilsons cloud chamber? Define nuclear fission. What is chain reaction? Differentiate controlled and uncontrolled chain reactions. Define critical system. What is the principle of atom bomb? What is a nuclear reactor? How are nuclear reactors classified? What is meant by breeder reactor? What are the uses of nuclear reactor? Define nuclear fusion. What are thermo nuclear reactions? What is the principle of hydrogen bomb? Explain the source of stellar energy. What are the two cycles of nuclear fusion in stars? What are cosmic rays? Who gave that name? What is meant by latitude effect of cosmic rays? What is meant by cosmic ray shower? What is pair production? What is annihilation of matter? How are elementary particles classified?

5 marks
.1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .7 .8 Explain the different classifications of nuclei. What conclusions do you draw from binding energy curve? What are the properties of nuclear force? What are the properties of neutrons? Explain the biological hazards of nuclear radiation. Explain the principle, construction and working of atom bomb. Explain the proton-proton cycle and carbon-nitrogen cycle. Explain the formation of cosmic rays shower.

10 marks
.1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .7 .8 .9 Explain, in detail, the general properties of nucleus. Explain the principle, construction and working of Bainbridge mass spectrometer. What are the properties of , and rays? With a graph, explain the radioactive law of disintegration and derive a formula for half life period. What are the applications of radio isotopes? Explain the construction and working of Geiger Muller counter. Write about nuclear reactor in detail. Write about the latitude effect and altitude effect, with regards to stellar energy. Explain the classification of elementary particles.

CHAPTER 9 SEMI CONDUCTOR DEVICES AND THEIR APPLICATIONS 3 marks

.1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .7 .8 .9 .10 .11 .12 .13 .14 .15 .16 .17 .18 .19 .20 .21 .22 .23 .24 .25 .26 .27 .28 .29 .30 .31 .32 .33 .34 .35 .36 .37 .38 .39 .40 .41 .42 .43 .44 .45 .46 .47 .48 .49 .50 .51 .52 .53 .54 .55 .56 .57 .58 .59 .60 .61 .62 .63 .64 .65 .66 .67 .68 .69 .70 .71 .72 .73 What are semiconductors? Give examples. What are the main differences between a semi conductor and a conductor? What is energy band? What are core levels and core electrons? What is valence band? What is conduction band? What is forbidden energy gap? How do you distinguish conductors, insulators and semi conductors, in the basis of forbidden energy gap? What are holes and electrons? What is an intrinsic semi conductor? What is meant by doping a semi conductor? What are dopants? What are the different ways of doping a semi conductor? What is an extrinsic semiconductor? What are the different types of them? What is n-type semi conductor? What is p-type semi conductor? What are donor atom and acceptor atom? What are the differences between n-type and p-type semi conductors? What is a pn junctiondiode? What is depletion region? What is its effect in a junction diode? What is potential barrier? What does it depend on? What is meant by forward bias and reverse bias? Draw the symbol of a semi conductor diode and explain. What conclusions can be drawn from the forward bias characteristics graph of a diode? What is knee voltage of a diode? What conclusions can be drawn from the reverse bias characteristics graph of a diode? What is reverse saturation current? What does it depend on? What is rectification? What is a rectifier? What property makes a pn junction diode suitable as rectifier? What is half wave rectifier? Define rectifier efficiency. What is the efficiency of a half wave rectifier? What are the advantages of a bridge rectifier? What are filter circuits? What are the reasons for unsteady d.c. output from a filter? How are these difficulties overcome? What is a zener diode? What precaution should be taken while using it? What is zener break down voltage? What is an LED? When is it ON or OFF? How do you get different colours from LEDs? Where are LEDs used? What is a junction transistor? Name the different layers in it and explain their location. What are collector junction and emitter junction? How are the biased in a transistor? Name the different transistors and draw their symbols. Name the different configurations of transistor circuits and draw the circuits. Define current gain. What are , ? Deduce a relation between and of a transistor. Define input impedance of a transistor. Define output impedance of a transistor. What are the important characteristics to be studies in case of a transistor? What are saturation region, cut off region, active region in the output characteristics curve of a transistor. How does CE circuit compare with CB circuit? What is an amplifier? What are its parameters? What are the desirable characteristics of an amplifier? What is the phase relation between input and output voltages in CE amplifier? What is transistor-biasing? What are the different methods used for it? What is the speciality of voltage divider bias? Define voltage gain of an amplifier. Define lower cutoff frequency, upper cutoff frequency and bandwidth of an amplifier. What is meant by cascading of amplifiers? What will be the resultant voltage gain? Name the three coupling devices generally used. What is their duty? What is meant by feedback? How is it done? What are regenerative and degenerative feed backs? What are the advantages of negative feedback? What is an oscillator? How are oscillators classified (a) according to output voltage (b) according to frequency? Explain. What are the conditions for producing undamped oscillations in an oscillator? Name the three types of sinusoidal oscillators. Mention Barkhausen conditions for oscillations. What is an IC? What are its advantages? What are digital ICs and linear ICs? How are monolithic ICs and hybrid ICs made? What is the difference between analog and digital signals? What are positive logic and negative logic? What are logic gates? Explain their features. Name the basic logic gates. State the De-Morgans theorems. Why are NAND, NOR called universal gates? Draw the table to prove it. What is Boolean algebra? What is the advantage of Boolean algebra? What is an operational amplifier? What are its most important characteristics? Why are operational amplifiers named so? What are the three sections of a CRO? What is a multimeter? What are Lissajaus figures?

5 marks
.1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .7 .8 .9 .10 .11 .12 .13 .14 .15 With the help of a diagram, write about valence band, conduction band and forbidden energy gap. On the basis of forbidden energy gap, how do you classify materials into insulators, semiconductors and conductors? Write about half wave rectifier. Write about bridge rectifier. Explain the functioning of zener diode. How do you zener diode as a voltage regulator? How do you use a transistor as a switch? How do you find operating point of a transistor amplifier? Explain voltage divider bias. Explain the construction and working of Colpitts oscillator. Write about OR gate. Write about AND gate. Write about NOT gate. Write about EXOR gate. Write about NAND gate.

.16 Write about NOR gate. .17 Explain the working of OP-AMP as summing amplifier. .18 Explain the working of OP-AMP as difference amplifier.

10 marks
.1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .7 .8 .9 .10 .11 .12 .13 .14 Write about (i) n type semiconductor (ii) p type semiconductor How is a pn junction diode formed? Explain the working of a pn junction diode in (i) forward bias mode and (ii) reverse bias mode. Write about (i) forward bias characteristics and (ii) reverse bias characteristics of a diode. Explain the working of a pnp junction transistor. Describe an experiment to study the characteristics of an npn transistor in CE mode. Explain the functioning of a transistor amplifier in CE mode. Explain the working of a single stage CE amplifier. Explain the principle of feed back amplifier. Explain LC oscillator in detail. Explain the working of OP-AMP as an inverting amplifier. Explain the working of OP-AMP as a non-inverting amplifier. Explain the construction and working of a CRO. Write about Multimeter.

CHAPTER 10 COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS 3 marks

.1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .7 .8 .9 .10 .11 .12 .13 .14 .15 .16 .17 .18 .19 .20 .21 .22 .23 .24 .25 .26 .27 .28 .29 .30 .31 .32 .33 .34 .35 .36 .37 .38 .39 .40 .41 .42 How do radio waves travel? What are the different ways of propagating them? Write the ranges of electromagnetic spectrum used for communication. What is ground wave propagation? What kinds of signals are passed as ground waves? What is meant by space wave propagation? What are the components of a space wave? What is meant by sky wave propagation? How are the waves reflected / refracted in ionosphere? What are skip distance and skip zone? Why is modulation done? What is meant by modulation? What is demodulation? What is amplitude modulation? Define modulation factor. What is its significance? What are the three components of an A.M. Wave? Define bandwidth and channel width in case A.M. What are the advantages of A.M. transmission? What is frequency modulation? What are resting frequency, frequency deviation and carrier swing? What are the advantages and disadvantages of F.M. transmission? What is a buffer amplifier? What is the use of pre emphasis network? What are the functions of radio receiver? What are sensitivity and stability? What is a limiter? What is meant by interlaced scanning? What is its advantage? Name the different TV transmission standards. What is a channel? What is a picture tube? What is the use of synchronizing and scanning circuits? How are they controlled? What is radar? What is its principle? What is TR switch? What are the applications of radar? What is the disadvantage of analog communication system? What are the advantages and disadvantages of digital communication? What is a modem? What is fax machine? What is the difference between wire and cable? How can you generate coherent light? What is optical fiber? What is its principle? What are the advantages of optical fibers? What is a geostationary satellite? What are its period and orbital radius? What is meant by uplink and downlink frequencies? What are merits of satellite communication? What are demerits of satellite communication?

5 marks
.1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .7 .8 Explain the sky wave propagation. Write the analysis of amplitude modulated wave. Write about FM transmitter. Write about simple AM receiver. Write about superheterodyne FM receiver. What are the applications of a radar? Write about fiber optical communication. What are the merits and demerits of satellite communication?

10 marks
.1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .7 .8 .9 .10 .11 .12 Explain amplitude modulation and modulation factor. Draw suitable diagrams as necessary. Write about frequency modulation. What are its advantages and disadvantages? Write about AM transmitter. Write about superheterodyne AM receiver. Explain scanning and synchronizing. Explain interlaced scanning. What are horizontal and vertical scanning frequencies? Write about the monochrome picture tube. Write about monochrome TV transmitter. Write about monochrome TV receiver. Explain the principle, construction and functioning of a radar. Write about different types of cables. Explain satellite communication in detail.