MEYTA ROSEMALA DEWI (103194057) INTERNATIONAL CHEMISTRY EDUCATION 2010

PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF NITROGEN AND AMONIA

NH4Cl Physical properties 1. Odourless colourless-to-white hygroscopic solid in various forms. 2. Boiling point: 520C 3. Decomposes at 338C 4. Density: 1.5 g/cm 5. Solubility in water, g/100ml at 25C: 28.3 6. Vapour pressure, kPa at 160C: 0.13 7. Ammonium chloride is a white solid Chemical properties 1. When ammonium chloride is heated with a base, such as sodium hydroxide, it reacts to give ammonia. 2. Decomposes on heating. This produces toxic and irritating fumes (nitrogen oxides; ammonia and hydrogen chloride). The solution in water is a weak acid. Reacts violently with ammonium nitrate and potassium chlorate. This generates fire and explosion hazard. Attacks copper and its compounds 3. When ammonia reacts with hydrogen chloride gas, fine crystals of ammonium chloride are formed. 4. product of the Solvay process used to produce sodium carbonate. CO2 + 2 NH3 + 2 NaCl + H2O 2 NH4Cl + Na2CO3 5. Process is actually decomposition into ammonia and hydr ogen chloride gas

HCl Physical properties 1) Molecular weight: 36.46 g / mol 2) Density: 1.18 g / cm 3) Melting point: -27.32 C solution of 38% Chemical properties 1) Equity corrosive. 2) HCl is a monoprotic acid. 3) HCl reacts with water molecules to form hydronium ions.

4) Boiling point: 110 C, a solution of HCl + H2O H3O+ + Cl20.2% 4) The solution is a strong acid. 5) Viscosity: 1.9 m Pasat 25 C 6) Acidity (pKa): -8 7) colorless liquid. 5) reacts with such basic compounds of calcium carbonate and copper (II) oxide produces chloride dissolved. 6) HCl difficult undergo redox reactions. 7) HCl containing chloride ions are not reactive and non-toxic 8) It is a good pickling reagents NaNO2 Physical properties
1. nitrate

Chemical properties NaNO) 1. Sodium nitrate is a common ingredient in fireworks.

(chemical

formula

forms white,

2. odorless crystals with a density of 2.26 2. Sodium nitrate, also known as Chile saltpeter

grams per cubic centimeter (g/cm).

3. soluble in ammonia and most alcohols. 4. Boiling point 380 C decamp.

or soda niter, is a naturally occurring, watersoluble salt used in fertilizers and fireworks. 3. Sodium nitrate is a strong oxidizer, meaning that it readily transfers oxygen atoms. 4. synthesized industrially by neutralizing nitric acid with soda ash HNO3 + Na2CO3 2 NaNO3 + H2O + CO2 5. Very soluble in ammonia; soluble in alcohol 6. highly corrosive,

7. react with water or steam to produce heat and toxic, corrosive, and flammable vapors 8. explosives.

N2 Physical properties 1. Melting point -210 C 2. Boiling point -195.8 C 3. colorless, odorless, noncombustible gas with a density of 1.2505 g dm3 at standard conditions (Cp =29.12 Jmol1 K1).\ 4. The higher solubility of dinitrogen in blood at high pressures Chemical properties 1. Gaseous N2 is rather inert at room temperature presumably because of the great strength of the N N bond. 2. Reactivity increases temperature and the rapidly with element rising

combines

directly with Be, the alkaline earth metals, and B, Al, Si and Ge to give nitrides 3. Dinitrogen is relatively inert under standard conditions due to the high stability of the nitrogennitrogen triple bond. 4. Exothermic reactions. 5. Unlike dioxygen (IE 13.618 eV), dinitrogen cannot be oxidized chemically to the cation N2 because of the high ionization energy of dinitrogen (15.576 eV). 6. The reactivity of the N2 molecule increases rapidly as the temperature is increased 7. can form complexes with compounds of most transition metals.

H2SO4 Physical properties 1) Molecular weight: 98 g / mol 2) Boiling point: 315-338 C 3) Melting point: 10 C 4) Form: colorless viscous liquid 5) Density: 1.8 kg / L at 4 C Chemical properties 1) It is a strong acid. 2) Equity corrosive. 3) It has a great affinity to water. 4) Equity is very reactive. 5) It is a divalent acid. 6) obtained from the reaction of SO3 with water. SO3 + H2O H2SO4

HNO3 Physical properties 1) Form: Liquid 2) Color: No Color 3) Odor: poignant 4) Melting Point: -32 C 5) Boiling Point / Boiling Range: 121 C 6) Vapor Pressure: 9.4 hPa (20 C) 7) Density: 1.39 g/cm3 (20 C) 8) Solubility in water: At 20 C. After 9) Molecular Weight: 63.012 g / mol 10) pH: <1 (20 C) 11) relative Mass: 63.012 g / mol Chemical properties 1) Nitric acid is unstable to heat and sun and will break down as follows: 2HNO3 + 1/2 O2 2NO3 + H2O 2) A solution of concentrated nitric asan yellow color comes from dissolved NO2. To reduce the decomposition of nitric acid, then nitric acid stored in brown bottles 3) In pekatnya solution, nitric acid ionized: 2HNO3 + H2O NO + + NO3-+ 2H2O 4) Nitric acid in a solution of acid is a strong acid. This is because the amount of positive charge on the N atom thus attracted strong electron -OH, H atoms consequently be easily separated. HNO3 + H2O H3O + + NO3H2 S Physical properties 1) Molecular weight: 34.076 g / gmol 2) Density: 0.79 g / l 3) Boiling Point: -60.28 C 4) Freezing point: -85.5 C 5) Critical pressure: 1.304 psia 6) Smell: pungent, rotten eggs Chemical properties 1) It is a reducing agent in a redox reaction 2) Can be dissolved in water or liquid hydrogen. 3) Equity easily cause corrosion or rust. 4) Highly flammable at concentrations of 43% - 46% in volume 5) The reaction between H2S to sulfur precipitate forming HNO3 and NO gas and H2O 3H2S + 2HNO3 3S + 2NO + 4H2O 6) Hydrogen sulfide is a weak acid separately in aqueous solution (containing water) into hydrogen cations H + and HS- anion hydrosulfide : H2S HS-+ H + Ka = 1.3 10-7 mol / L pKa = 6.89. 7) Hydrogen sulfide is a covalent hydrides which are chemically related to water (H2O) as oxygen and sulfur are in the same group in the periodic table.

Ca(OH)2 Physical properties 1) Molecular weight: 74.1 g / mole 2) Form: Solid 3) Purity: 100% wt 4) Density: 2.24 g/cm3 5) Melting Point: 580 C Chemical properties 1) neutralization reaction with H2SO4 produces Gypsum Ca (OH) 2 + H2SO4 CaSO4.2H2O 2) At a temperature of 512 C can be decomposed into calcium oxide and water. 3) It is alkaline with moderate force. 4) These compounds can also be produced in the form of sludge by mixing 5) a solution of calcium chloride (CaCl2) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH). 6) Widely used as flocculants in water, wastewater treatment, as well as acid soil tillage. 7) After the glycerol and acids. Not soluble in alcohol. Ammonia (NH3) Physical properties Chemical properties 1) molecular formula: NH3 1) Reaction amonisasi 2) Molecular weight: 17.03 g / mol Missal on halogen compounds 3) Critical temperature: 132.40 C 4) Critical pressure: 111.3 atm NH3 + NH4 + + HX X5) Boiling Point: 33.15 C 6) Melting point: -77.7 C 2) Ammonia dissociating started first in 400-500 C, at 7) Specific gravity at the reference air: a pressure of 1 atm 0.5971 8) Solubility in cold water (0 C): Oxidation at high temperatures of NH3 will produce N2 89.9/100 + H2O. 9) Solubility in hot water (100 C): 2NH3 + 2 KMnO4 2KOH + MnO2 + 2H2O + N2 7.4/100 10) Viscosity (25 C): 13:35 Cp