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in/c C# Tutorials

1. Introduction 2. Net Framework Architecture 3. Data types in C# 4. C# and other Programming Languages 5. Fundamentals of C# 6. Operators, types and variables in C# 7. Control Statements 8. Arrays, Indexer and Collections 9. Inheritance and Polymorphism 10. Properties 11. Attributes 12. Structs 13. Delegates and Events 14. Exception Handling 15. File Handling in C# 16. Threading 17. Introduction to Visual Studio 18. Introducing Windows Forms 19. Button Control 20. Label and Link Label 21. TextBox control 22. Radio Button and CheckBox Controls 23. GroupBox Control 24. Rich TextBox Control 25. ListBox Controls 26. ComboBox Controls 27. Listview Control 28. StatusBar Control 29. Tabcontrol Control 30. NotifyIcon Control 31. Masked Textbox 32. Window Media Player 33. Dialog Controls 34. Printing Controls 35. Data Controls 36. Error Provider Control 37. Help Provider 38. Reporting Control 39. Flow Layout Panel 40. Table Layout Panel

41. Panel Control 42. Split Container Control 43. DateTimePicker and Month Calendar 44. NumericUpDown Control 45. ProgressBar and Timer Control 46. ToolTip Control 47. TreeView Control 48. Menus and ToolBar Controls 49. Background Worker Control 50. Creating Slice Chart in windows using C# 51. Socket 52. Creating Bar Chart in windows using C# 53. dll 54. GDI(Graphics Design Interface) 55. Access IP Address of LAN Connected Computers 56. IP Address of Websites in C# application 57. Creating Line Chart in windows using C# 58. Pie chart 59. Creating Line Chart in windows using C# 60. Synchronization in C# 61. Creating Word document using C# 62. How to Add Manually CheckBox in C# 63. How to Change The Color of Specific Word in Rich textbox using

C# 64. Reading/Writing/Appending a Text File, Using c# 65. How to Find Max Value of X, Y ,Z From Text file Using C# 66. How to Take Printout of RichtextBox 67. Multiple Colored Texts in RichTextBox using C# 68. How to Create Stopwatch in C# 69. Add Header and Footer to Word Document Using C# 70. How to Add Table in Word Document using C# 71. Add rows to table in MS Word document using C# 72. How to Add image in Word Document using C# 73. Storing Database Connection Strings in App.Config 74. Blink Label Color In Every Half Of Second Using C# 75. How to Draw CheckBoard in C#: 76. Change a label's forecolor on mouseovers in C# 77. Draw a curve on form using Graphics class in C #.net. 78. Draw a polygon on form using Graphics class C #.net 79. Drawing Lines in C# 80. Drawing Text with C#

81. Export gridview to pdf in c# 82. How to Draw Ellipse using mouse dragging in C# 83. Difference between Array and ArrayList 84. How to Rotate Image in Picture Box Using C# 85. Calculating Duration Between Two Dates in Years, Months and

Days 86. Advantage of Remoting,Advantage over Web Services?,Advantage over COM/DCOM? 87. Caching in ASP.Net 88. How to Save Data in XML File 89. How to use xml 90. Remoting in asp 91. Transaction in asp
What is C#?
C# is intended to be a simple, modern, general-purpose, object-oriented programming language. Its development team is led by Anders Hejlsberg. The most recent version is C# 4.0, which was released on April 12, 2010. C# (pronounced "see sharp") is a multiparadigm programming language encompassing imperative, declarative, functional, generic, object-oriented (class-based), and component-oriented programming disciplines. It was developed by Microsoft within the .NET initiative and later approved as a standard by Ecma (ECMA-334) and ISO (ISO/IEC 23270). C# is one of the programming languages designed for the Common Language Infrastructure.

Features of C#
Some notable distinguishing features of C# are: There are no global variables or functions. All methods and members must be declared within classes. Static members of public classes can substitute for global variables and functions. Managed memory cannot be explicitly freed instead, it is automatically garbage collected. Garbage collection addresses the problem of memory leaks by freeing the programmer of responsibility for releasing memory which is no longer needed. In addition to the try...catch construct to handle exceptions, C# has a try...finally construct to guarantee execution of the code in the finally block. Multiple inheritance is not supported by C#, although a class can implement any number of interfaces.

C# and .Net Framework

Microsoft announced C# in July 2000, its unveiling was part of a much larger event the announcement of the .NET Framework. The .NET Framework is, in essence, a new development framework that provides a fresh application programming interface (API) to

the services and APIs of classic Windows operating systems (especially the Windows 2000 family), while bringing together a number of disparate technologies that emerged from Microsoft during the late 1990s. Among the latter are COM+ component services, the ASP web development framework, a commitment to XML and object-oriented design, support for new web services protocols such as SOAP, WSDL, and UDDI, and a focus on the Internet Information Services.

What is CLR?
CLR (Common Language Runtime) is the most important component of .Net Framework. It manages and executes code written in .Net Languages, CLR activates objects and perform security checks. The CLR allows programmers to ignore many details of the specific CPU that will execute the program. It also provides other important services, including the following: Memory management Thread management Exception handling Garbage collection Security Central to the .NET Framework is its runtime execution environment, known as the Common Language

Runtime (CLR) or the .NET runtime. Code running under the control of the CLR is often termed as managed code.

What is CTS?
In .NET Framework, the Common Type System (CTS) is a standard that specifies how Type definitions and specific values of Types are represented in computer memory. It is intended to allow programs written in different programming languages to easily share information. Functions of the Common Type System: CTS establishes a framework that helps enable cross-language integration, type safety, and high performance code execution. CTS provides an object-oriented model that supports the complete implementation of many programming languages. CTS also defines rules that languages must follow, which helps ensure that objects written in different languages can interact with each other. Languages supported by .NET can implement all or some common data types.

Type categories the common type system supports two general categories of types:

Value types:

Value types directly contain their data, and instances of value types are either allocated on the stack or allocated inline in a structure. Value types can be built-in (implemented by the runtime), user-defined, or enumerations.

Reference types:

Reference types store a reference to the value's memory address, and are allocated on the heap. Reference types can be self-describing types, pointer types, or interface types. The type of a reference type can be determined from values of self-

describing types. Self-describing types are further split into arrays and class types. The class types are user-defined classes, boxed value types, and delegates.

What is CLS?
The Common Language Specification (CLS) is a part of the standardized specification of the .NET Framework originally defined by Microsoft, and later standardized by the European Computer Manufacturers Association (ECMA). A key feature of .NET Framework is that applications written in different languages can interoperate with one another, taking advantage of inheritance, polymorphism, exceptions and other features. CLS provides, set of specification to be adhered by new language writer/compiler writer for .Net Framework to ensure interoperability. because .net supports many languages.For example Asp.Net application written in C#.Net language. Now we can refer any other DLL which has been written in any other language supported by .Net Frame Work.

Net Frameworks Architecture

.Net is not an Operating System. It is a IDE. It provides some functionality for the programmers to build their solution in the most constructive and intellegent way ever. Just to tell you the truth, most of the codes in .Net environment resembles with the JAVA coding as if some people coming from Java would find it as to their native language. .NET is a Framework that loads into your operating system, which you need not to load in the later versions of windows like Windows 2003 server or Just a new release of Windows Vista. As it is going to be added as a component in the next generation of windows.

Now, What is the .Net all about? Well, Its a framework that supports Common Language Runtime (CLR). As the name suggests, Common Language Runtime will be something that will run a native code for all the programming languages provided within the Architecture. Another feature of .net is language independence, to tell you about language Independence, .Net is not at all efficient in that. Just Microsoft built their own version of languages like C+ +, J# (for Java), C#, VB etc that can communicate between each other. After all J#, even if they resembles with JAVA is not purely Java.. Thus, the word may look to you somewhat fake. Now what is the most prospective part of .NET? Now, with the growing Internet, ASP. NET may be the most important part of .NET technology. Well, ASP. NET has a new technology where the controls reside server side. You don't bother to use traditional client side controls. In .NET technology as there is a provision of runtime building of machine codes, a web server can directly compile and transmit codes to the browser during runtime. This is , I think the most approved and widely accepted part of .NET. NEW things of .NET? well, during the last two years , Microsoft is constantly changing the .NET technology, that may not be good for a settled programmer. Well, first of all, in .NET 2003 Microsoft changed some features and also adds some new things. Well, new things are good, but changing the existing in such a quick succession is not at all good from programmers point of view. Again, in 2005, Microsoft publishes the new release of VISUAL STUDIO.NET 8 . This is a completely new environment. It have new releases of controls, the IDE is also different. That's not what we all wanted as a programmer. What do you say? Now, Microsoft is also increasing its scope.. One of the most important feature that is just now introduced is AJAX. Well, the name is what can be said as Asynchronous Java Script with XML.

.Net Frameworks Architecture

C# DataTypes
Data Types means what type of data a variable can hold . C# is a strongly typed language, therefore every variable and object must have a declared type. The C# type system contains three Type categories. Value Types Reference Types Pointer Types

In C# it is possible to convert a value of one type into a value of another type . The operation of Converting a Value Type to a Reference Type is called Boxing and the reverse operation is called Unboxing . Ex. int month; int : is the data type month: is the variable name

int
int can store signed 32 bit integer values in the range of -2,147,483,648 to +2,147,483,647 C# Runtime type : System.Int32 C# declaration : int month;

C# Initialization : month = 10; C# default initialization value : 0

decimal
Decimal is of a 128-bit data type.The approximate range and precision for the decimal type are -1.0 X 10-28 to 7.9 X 1028 C# Runtime type : System.Decimal C# declaration : decimal val; C# Initialization : val = 0.12; C# default initialization value : 0.0M

string
Represents a string of Unicode characters. string variables are stored any number of alphabetic,numerical, and special characters . C# Runtime type : System.String C# declaration : string str; C# Initialization : str = ".Net Environment";

bool
Bool is used to declare variables to store the Boolean values, true and false. In C# , there is no conversion between the bool type and other types. C# Runtime type : System.Boolean C# declaration : bool flag; C# Initialization : flag = true; C# default initialization value : false The following list shows the list of data types available in C# and their corresponding class/struct in .NET class library. C# Data type sbyte byte char float decimal double ushort short uint int ulong long bool Mapped to .NET class/struct System.SByte System.Byte System.Char System.Single System.Decimal System.Double System.UInt16 System.Int16 System.UInt32 System.Int32 System.UInt64 System.Int64 System.Boolean

string object

System.String System.Object

Boxing: Converting value types to reference types is also known as boxing. As can be
seen in the example below, it is not necessary to tell the compiler an Int32 is boxed to an object, because it takes care of this itself. e.g.Int32 a = 10; object count = a ; // Implicit boxing Console.WriteLine("The Object count = {0}",count); // prints out 10 //However, an Int32 can always be explicitly boxed like this: Int32 a = 10; object count = (object) a; // Explicit boxing Console.WriteLine("The object count = {0}",count); // prints out 10

Unboxing: The following example intends to show how to unbox a reference type back to a value type. First an Int32 is boxed to an object, and then it is unboxed again. Note that unboxing requires explicit cast. Ex. Int32 a = 5; object count = a; // Implicit Boxing a = (int)count; // Explicit Unboxing

Type Conversions Conversion is based on type compatibility and data compatibility. Implicit Conversion: Implicit Conversion make conversion for us without asking. In implicit conversion the compiler will

char -> int -> float is an example of data compatibility.

using System; class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { int x =10000; int y =20000; long total; // In this the int values are implicitly converted to long data type; //you need not to tell compiler to do the conversion, it automatically does. total = x + y; Console.WriteLine("Total is : " + total); Console.ReadLine(); }

Explicit Conversion: In explicit conversion we specifically ask the compiler to convert the value into another data type. CLR checks for data compatibility at runtime.

using System; class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { int x = 65; char value; value = (char)x; // In this the int values are explicitly converted to char data type; //you have to tell compiler to do the conversion, it uses casting. Console.WriteLine("Value is: " + value); Console.ReadLine(); } }

Microsoft .NET provides three ways of type conversion:

Parsing Parsing is used to convert string type data to primitive value type. For this we use parse methods with value types.

using System; class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { //using parsing int number; float weight; Console.Write("Enter any number : "); number = int.Parse(Console.ReadLine()); Console.Write("Enter your weight : "); weight = float.Parse(Console.ReadLine()); Console.WriteLine("You have entered : " + number); Console.WriteLine("You weight is : " + weight); Console.ReadLine();

} }

Convert Class Convert class contains different static methods like ToInt32(), ToInt16(), ToString(), ToDateTime() etc used in type conversion.

using System; class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { // example of using convert class string num = "23"; int number = Convert.ToInt32(num); int age = 24; string vote = Convert.ToString(age); Console.WriteLine("Your number is : " + number); Console.WriteLine("Your voting age is : " + age); Console.ReadLine(); } }

Explicit Cast Operator () It can used with any type having type compatibility and data type compatibility.

using System; class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { int num1, num2; float avg; num1 = 10; num2 = 21; avg = (float)(num1 + num2) / 2; Console.WriteLine("average is : " + avg); Console.ReadLine(); } }

Similarity and difference with C/C++

C# is directly related to C and C++, C++ is a superset of C. C and C++ shares several syntax, library and functionality. In addition structures, unions, arrays, strings and pointers are most important and similar functionality for both languages. C# inherits most of its operators, keywords, and statements directly from C++. Enums are clearly a meaningful concept in C++. Finally I can clearly say that C# is the first component-oriented language in the C/C++ family. C# constructors are verisimilar with C++ constructors. Like C++, methods are nonvirtual by default, but can be marked as virtual.

There is also some difference between C# and C++, C# supports multiple inheritance of interfaces, but not of classes. Another difference is destructors, their syntax is same with C++ but actually they are very different.

Difference between C# and VB

1. C# allows 'unsafe' code, or pointer manipulation. VB allows methods with optional parameters. 2. C# allows assignments embedded in expressions (e.g., if ((x = y.Value) == 2)).VB allows types within interfaces. 3. C# has anonymous methods.VB has the very flexible Select construct (much more flexible than the C# switch). 4. C# has the useful conditional ternary operator (?:). The VB If function is not a good substitute since the arguments must all be evaluated. VB has the When filter for catch block headers (no equivalent exists in C#).

Difference between C# and Java

Features of C# not present in Java 1. C# provides integration with COM. 2. C# has "Explicit Member Implementation" which allows a class to specifically implement methods of an interface, separate from its own class methods. 3. C# has the ability to alias namespaces. 4. C# has support for output parameters, aiding in the return of multiple values, a feature shared by C++ and SQL. 5. C# implements properties as part of the language syntax. 6. C# allows switch statements to operate on strings.

7. Namespace in C#
8. Namespaces group related classes and types, and they define categories in which we can include any new class that provides related functionality.

namespace MyCompany.r4r { class MyClass { // some code here } }

namespace MyCompany.r4r { class MyClass1 { // some code here } }

9. Classes and Object in C#

10. Defining Classes: To define a new type or class, first declare it, and then define its
methods and fields. Declare a class using the class keyword. The complete syntax is as follows: [attributes] [access-modifiers] class identifier [:base-class] { class-body } 11. For Example.

public class Test { public static int Main( ) { Console.Writeline("This is Class"); } }

The primitive C# types (int, char, etc.) are value types, and are created on the stack. Objects, however, are reference types, and are created on the heap, using the keyword new, as in the following: Test t = new Test(); 13. t does not actually contain the value for the test class object; it contains the address of that (unnamed) object that is created on the heap. t itself is just a reference to that object.

12. Defining Object: A distinction is drawn between value types and reference types.

14. How to create a program in C#? 15. Step 1: Start notepad from Start -> Program Files -> Accessories -> Notepad so
that you can write the HelloWorld program. The program you write in C# is also called as source code. 16. Step 2: Write the HelloWorld program, you can either type the program shown below into notepad or just copy-paste it from here-

public class Helloworld {

public static void Main() { System.Console.WriteLine("you are welcome in world of C#"); } }

Step 3: Once you have finished typing your program you should Save the source code file. In fact after making any changes to your source code, you should always save the file. To save the file for the first time in notepad click on File menu -> Save As. In the Save As dialog select the directory from the Save In dropdown where you want to save your files, I generally save my files to C:\csharp, and then in the File name textbox, enter the file name as HelloWorld.cs (although you can provide any name you want but it should have an extension.cs). and click Save. Once you have saved the source code, and if you make any further modifications, in notepad use the Ctrl+S keyboard short-cut to save your source code file. Step 4: Since you have finished writing the source code its time to compile it. Since we are using a command-line compiler that ships with the .NET SDK, start the command prompt from Start -> Program Files -> Accessories -> Command Prompt. Or go to Start -> Run, type cmd and press enter. Now from the command prompt navigate to the directory where you have stored the source code file by issuing the following DOS commands.cd\ -To navigate to the root of the derived csharp - To navigate to the csharp directory. Once you are in the csharp directory where you saved the source code file earlier, its time to run the C# Compiler csc.exe. Issue the following command to compile our HelloWorld.cs program:csc HelloWorld.cs Step 5: If the compilation of the source code was successful then a new executable (Exe) file by the name HelloWorld.exe will be created in the directory you compiled the source code. To execute the program simply type the name of the executable file at the command prompt. Points to Remember 1. 2. 3. 4. C# code can be written in any text editor like notepad. C# Source Code files are saved with the extension.cs. C# is a case-sensitive language so you have to be careful while typing. C# runs on the .NET Platform, hence you need to install the .NET SDK in order to compile C# programs. 5. The C# compiler is contained within the file csc.exe, which generally resides in the C:\windows\Microsoft. NET\Framework\v1.0.4322 directory.

6. Operators, types and variables in C#

7. Variables: A variable is a storage location with a type. Variables can have values
assigned to them, and those values can be changed programmatically. A constant is a variable whose value cannot be changed. 8. Types: Like C++ and Java, C# divides types into two sets: intrinsic Built-in types that the language offers and user-defined types that the programmer defines. C# also divides the set of types into two other categories: value types and reference types. The principal difference between value and reference types is the manner in which their values are stored in memory. C# is a "Strongly Typed" language. Thus all operations on variables are performed with consideration of what the variable's "Type" is. There are rules that define what operations are legal in order to maintain the integrity of the data you put in a variable. 9. The Boolean Type: Boolean types are declared using the keyword, bool. They have two values: true or false. In other languages, such as C and C++, boolean conditions can be satisfied where 0 means false and anything else means true. However, in C# the only values that satisfy a boolean condition is true and false, which are official keywords.

using System; class Booleans { public static void Main() { bool content = true; bool noContent = false; Console.WriteLine("{0} C# programming language content.", content); Console.WriteLine("This is second statement {0}.", noContent); } }

10. Integral Types: In C#, an integral is a category of types. For anyone confused

because the word Integral sounds like a mathematical term, from the perspective of C# programming, these are actually defined as Integral types in the C# programming language specification. They are whole numbers, either signed or unsigned, and the char type. The char type is a Unicode character, as defined by the Unicode Standard. 11. Floating Point and Decimal Types: A C# floating point type is either a float or double. They are used any time you need to represent a real number. Decimal types should be used when representing financial or money values. 12. The string Type: A string is a sequence of text characters. You typically create a string with a string literal, enclosed in quotes: "This is an example of a string." You've seen strings being used in Lesson 1, where we used the Console.WriteLine method to send output to the console. 13. The Array Type: Another data type is the Array, which can be thought of as a container that has a list of storage locations for a specified type. When declaring an Array, specify the type, name, dimensions, and size.

using System; class NewArray { public static void Main() { int[] myInts = { 5, 10, 15 }; bool[][] myBools = new bool[2][]; myBools[0] = new bool[2]; myBools[1] = new bool[1]; double[,] myDoubles = new double[2, 2]; string[] myStrings = new string[3]; Console.WriteLine("myInts[0]: {0}, myInts[1]: {1}, myInts[2]: {2}", myInts[0], myInts[1], myInts[2]); myBools[0][0] = true; myBools[0][1] = false; myBools[1][0] = true; Console.WriteLine("myBools[0][0]: {0}, myBools[1][0]: {1}", myBools[0][0], myBools[1][0]); myDoubles[0, 0] = 4.245; myDoubles[0, 1] = 6.355; myDoubles[1, 1] = 8.415; myDoubles[1, 0] = 56.1148917; Console.WriteLine("myDoubles[0, 0]: {0}, myDoubles[1, 0]: {1}", myDoubles[0, 0], myDoubles[1, 0]); myStrings[0] = "An"; myStrings[1] = "App"; myStrings[2] = "Cattt"; Console.WriteLine("myStrings[0]: {0}, myStrings[1]: {1}, myStrings[2]: {2}", myStrings[0], myStrings[1], myStrings[2]); } }

The if Statement
if statement is used to take different paths of logic, depending on the conditions.

using System; using System.Windows.Forms;

class iftest { public static void Main() { if (totalMarks >= 80) { MessageBox.Show("Got Higher First Class "); } else if (totalMarks >= 60) { MessageBox.Show("Got First Class "); } else if (totalMarks >= 40) { MessageBox.Show("Just pass only"); } else { MessageBox.Show("Failed"); } } }

The switch Statement Another form of selection statement is the switch statement, which executes a set of logic depending on the value of a given parameter. The types of the values a switch statement operates on can be booleans, enums, integral types, and strings.

using System; class SwitchTest { public static void Main() { Console.WriteLine("milk bottel size: 1=Small 2=Medium 3=Large"); Console.Write("Please enter your selection: "); string s = Console.ReadLine(); int n = int.Parse(s); int price = 0; switch(n) { case 1: price += 25; break; case 2:

price += 25; goto case 1; case 3: price += 50; goto case 1; default: Console.WriteLine("Invalid selection. Please select 1, 2, or 3."); break; } if (price != 0) Console.WriteLine("Please insert {0} cents.", price); Console.WriteLine("Thank you for your business."); } }

The while Loop While loop is used to check a condition and then continues to execute a block of code as long as the condition evaluates to a boolean value of true. Syntax:while (<boolean expression>) { <statements> } When the boolean expression evaluates to false, the while loop statements are skipped and execution begins after the closing brace of that block of code.

using System; class whiletest { static void Main() { // // Continue in while loop until index is equal to ten. // int i = 0; while (i < 10) { Console.Write("While statement "); // // Write the index to the screen. // Console.WriteLine(i); // // Iterate the variable. //

} } }

i++;

The do Loop A do loop is similar to the while loop, except that it checks its condition at the end of the loop. This means that the do loop is guaranteed to execute at least one time.

using System; class DoWhileLoopDemo { public static void Main() { int i = 0; // Initialize counter variable do { if ((i % 2) == 0) { Console.WriteLine(i); } i++; //Increment the counter } while (i <= Limit); // Condition check } }

The for Loop It works like a while loop, except that the syntax of the for loop includes initialization and condition modification. for loops are appropriate when you know exactly how many times you want to perform the statements within the loop. The contents within the for loop parentheses hold three sections separated by semicolons (<initializer list>; <boolean expression>; <iterator list>) { <statements> }.

using System; class ForLoop { public static void Main() { for (int i=0; i < 20; i++) { if (i == 10) break;

if (i % 2 == 0) continue; Console.Write("{0} ", i); } Console.WriteLine(); } }

Foreach Statement: The foreach statement is new to the C family of languages; it is used for looping through the elements of an array or a collection.

class ForEachTest { static void Main(string[] args) { int[] num = new int[] { 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,7,8 }; foreach (int i in num) { System.Console.WriteLine(i); } } }

Array
An array is the collection of similar type of objects. Array in C# is different for the array of C++ and other languages because they are objects. This provides them useful methods and property. Arrays allow a group of elements of a particular type to be stored in a contiguous block of memory. Array types derive from System.Array and are declared in C# using brackets ([]). Syntax- datatype [] array-name; e.g.- int [] age; The square brackets ([]) tell the C# compiler that you are declaring an array, and the type specifies the type of the elements it will contain. In the previous example, age is an array of integers. Instantiate an array using the new keyword. For example: age = new int[5]; This declaration sets aside memory for an array holding five integers.

Multidimensional Array:

Multidimensional Arrays of two types Rectangular Array and Jagged Array Rectangular Array represents n-dimensional blocks. e.g.- int [ , ,] age = new int[17,20,34]; Jagged Arrays are arrays of arrays.

int [][][] books = new int [3][][]; for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) { books[i] = new int [4][]; for (int j = 0; j < 4; j++) books[i][j] = new int [5]; } // assign an element books1 [1,1,1] = books [1][1][1] = 7;

Indexer: Indexers are usually known as smart array in C#.It is used for treating object as an array.Defining an indexer in C# is much like same as defining properties. Or we can say that an indexer is a member that enables an object to be indexed in the same way as an array. Syntax<access modifier> <return type> this [argument list] { get { // Write here some code for Get } set { // Write here some code for Get } }

Collections: Collections are the enumerable data structure in C# that can be assessed using indexes or keys. Types of collections in C# are given belowSystem.Collections namespace This provides a lot of classes, methods and properties to interact with the varying data structures that are supported by it. The interfaces that are defined in this namespace include:

IEnumerable IEnumerator ICollection IList IDictionary System.Collections.Stack

System.Collections.Queue Both are derived from ICollection Interface. The collections that inherit the IDictionary interface include: System.Collections.SortedList System.Collections.Hashtable The IList interface represents collections that only have value. The following are the classes that extend this interface. System.Array System.Collections.ArrayList System.Collections.Specialized.StringCollection

Concrete Collection Classes: ArrayList class- This works by maintaining an internal array of objects that is replaced with a larger array when it reaches its capacity of elements. BitArray class- It is a dynamically sized array of Boolean values. It is more memoryefficient than a simple array of bools because it uses only one bit for each value. Hashtable class- A Hashtable is a standard dictionary (key/value) data structure that uses a hashing algorithm to store and index values efficiently. Queue class- A Queue is a standard first-in, first-out (FIFO) data structure, providing simple operations to enqueue, dequeue, peek, etc. SortedList class-A SortedList is a standard dictionary data structure that uses a binarychop search to index efficiently. Stack class- A Stack is a standard last-in first-out (LIFO) data structure. StringCollection class- A StringCollection is a standard collection data structure for storing strings.

Inheritance
In C#, the specialization relationship is generally implemented by using inheritance. Inheritance is also provides the reusability, or we can say that extracts some features from one class to another class.

class Bird { public Bird() { Console.WriteLine("Bird } public void Greet() { Console.WriteLine("Bird } public void Talk() { Console.WriteLine("Bird } public virtual void Sing() { Console.WriteLine("Bird }

constructor");

says Hello");

talk");

song");

} class Peacock : Bird { public Peacock() { Console.WriteLine("Peacock constructor"); } public new void Talk() { Console.WriteLine("Peacock talk"); } public override void Sing() { Console.WriteLine("Peacock song"); } } Bird a1 = new Bird(); a1.Talk(); a1.Sing(); a1.Greet(); Bird a2 = new Peacock(); a2.Talk(); a2.Sing(); a2.Greet();

Types of Inheritance: In Object Oriented Programming concept there are 3 types of inheritances. 1. Single Inheritance, 2. Multiple Inheritance 3. Multilevel Inheritance Single Inheritance: public class A { } public class B:A { } Multiple Inheritance: public class A { } public class B

{ } public class C:A,B { }

Multilevel Inheritance: public class A { } public class B:A { } public class C:B { } In the above three types C# don't proved Multiple Inheritance. As there is conflict of multiple override methods in base classes (say A, B in above example) As in Place C# give another feature called Interfaces using interfaces you can achieve multiple Inheritance feature. Polymorphism Poly means many and morph means form. Thus, polymorphism refers to being able to use many forms of a type without regard to the details. Creating Polymorphic Types: For creating polymorphism there are two steps1. Create a base class with virtual methods. 2. Create derived classes that override the behavior of the base classs virtual methods. To create a method in a base class that supports polymorphism, mark the method as virtual. Example.

public class BaseClass { public virtual void DoWork() { } public virtual int WorkProperty { get { return 0; } }

} public class DerivedClass : BaseClass { public override void DoWork() { } public override int WorkProperty() { get { return 0; } }

Properties
In C#, properties are natural extension of data fields. But C# provides a built in mechanism called properties. Usually inside a class, we declare a data field as private and will provide a set of public. In C#, properties are defined using the property declaration syntax. The general form of declaring a property is as follows. <acces_modifier> <return_type> <property_name> { get { } set { } } SET and GET methods to access the data fields, since the data fields are not directly accessible out side the class. We must use the set/get methods to access the data fields. Example:

using System; class Myproperty { private int x; public int X { get { return x; } set { x = value;

} } } class Myprop { public static void Main() { Myproperty mc = new Myproperty(); mc.X = 10; int xVal = mc.X; Console.WriteLine(xVal);//Displays 10 } }

Properties and Inheritance The properties of a Base class can be inherited to a Derived class.

using System; class Base { public int X { get { Console.Write("Base GET"); return 10; } set { Console.Write("Base SET"); } } } class Derived : Base { } class MyClient { public static void Main() { Derived d1 = new Derived(); d1.X = 10; Console.WriteLine(d1.X);//Displays 'Base SET Base GET 10' } }

Properties & Polymorphism A Base class property can be polymorphic overridden in a Derived class. But remember that the modifiers like virtual, override etc are using at property level, not at accessor level.

using System; class Base { public virtual int X { get { Console.Write("Base GET"); return 10; } set { Console.Write("Base SET"); } } } class Derived : Base { public override int X { get { Console.Write("Derived GET"); return 10; } set { Console.Write("Derived SET"); } } } class MyClient { public static void Main() { Base b1 = new Derived(); b1.X = 10; Console.WriteLine(b1.X);//Displays 'Derived SET Derived GET 10' } }

Abstract Properties

It is declared as abstract by using the keyword abstract. Remember that an abstract property in a class carries no code at all. The get/set assessors are simply represented with a semicolon. In the derived class we must implement both set and get assessors.

using System; abstract class Abstract { public abstract int X { get; set; } } class Concrete : Abstract { public override int X { get { Console.Write(" GET"); return 10; } set { Console.Write(" SET"); } } } class MyClient { public static void Main() { Concrete c1 = new Concrete(); c1.X = 10; Console.WriteLine(c1.X);//Displays 'SET GET 10' } }

Attributes
Attributes contains a powerful method of associating declarative information with C# code for types, methods, properties. Once associated with a program entity, the attribute can be queried at run time and used in any number of ways. Uses of Attributes: Associating help documentation with program entities (through a Help attribute).

Associating value editors to a specific type in a GUI framework (through a Value Editor attribute).

using System; [AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.All)] public class HelpAttribute : System.Attribute { public readonly string Url; public string Topic { get { return topic; } set { } } public HelpAttribute(string url) // url is a positional parameter { this.Url = url; } private string topic; } topic = value; // Topic is a named parameter

When do we need attributes ? 1. The System.ObsoleteAttribute attribute that we have just described is a good example of how an attribute is used by the compiler, certain standard attributes which are only destined for the compiler are not stored in the assembly. 2. An attribute can be consumed by the CLR during execution. For example the .NET Framework offers the System.ThreadStaticAttribute attribute. When a static field is marked with this attribute the CLR makes sure that during the execution, there is only one version of this field per thread. 3. An attribute can be consumed by a debugger during execution. Hence, the System.Diagnostics.DebuggerDisplayAttribute attribute allows personalizing the display of an element of the code the state of an object for example) during debugging.

4. Structs
5. Structure is the collection of dissimilar data types. A struct is a simple user-defined type, a lightweight alternative to classes. Structs are somewhat more efficient in their use of memory in arrays. The C# struct is a lightweight alternative to a class. It can do almost the same as a class, but it's less "expensive" to use a struct rather than a class.

class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { Home home; Home = new Home("Blue"); Console.WriteLine(Home.Describe( Home = new Home("Red"); Console.WriteLine(Home.Describe( Console.ReadKey(); } }

));

));

struct Home { private string color; public Home(string color) { this.color = color; } public string Describe() { return "This Home is " + Color; } public string Color { get { return color; } set { color = value; } } }

A struct is a value type and a class is a reference type. When a struct is created, the variable to which the struct is assigned holds the struct's actual data. and When an object of the class is created, the variable to which the object is assigned holds only a reference to that memory. When the struct is assigned to a new variable, it is copied and When the object reference is assigned to a new variable. The new variable and the original variable therefore contain two separate copies of the same data. Changes made to one copy do not affect the other copy. the new variable refers to the original object.

In general, classes are used to model more complex behavior, or data that is intended to be modified after a class object is created. Structs are best suited for small data structures that contain primarily data that is not intended to be modified after the struct is created. When to Use Structures? If the instances are relatively small If the instance life-time is going to be very short If you are going to embed the instance into some other instances

Delegate

A delegate in C# language allows us to reference a method. If we are using a C or C++ then we would sound familiar because a delegate because it is basically a function pointer. Delegates have other uses in addition to event handling. Delegate maintains three important pieces of information : 1. The name of the method on which it make calls. 2. Any argument (if any) of this method. 3. The return value (if any) of this method.

What is a Function Pointer? Function Pointers are pointers, i.e. variables, which point to the address of a function.

Types of Delegate
Delegates are of two types 1.Single Cast delegate public delegate <return type> <delegate name>(parameters) 2.Multi Cast delegate public delegate void <delegate name>(parameters) Advantage of using Delegate Dynamic binding can be done by using delegate because we can call more than one methods at a time dynamically by calling the delegate in which the methods is defined. Example

namespace delgnew { public delegate int Delg(int x, int y); public class Math { public static int Add(int x, int y) { return x + y; }

public static int Multiply(int x, int y) { return x * y; } } class Fun { static void Main(string[] args) { Delg del1 = new Delg(Math.Add); int add1 = del1(7, 7); Console.WriteLine("7 + 7 = {0}\n", add1); Delg del2 = new Delg(Math.Multiply); int multiply1 = del2(7,7); Console.WriteLine("7 * 7 = {0}", multiply1); Console.ReadLine(); } } }

Static Delegates Denoting static field is meaning that it will not be modified. You can invoke delegates without declaring a local delegate instance. Just pass in the static delegate of the class. Delegates as Properties The problem with static delegates is that they must be instantiated whether or not they are ever used. Event An event might be a button push, a menu selection in short we can cay that something happens and you must respond to it. You cannot predict the order in which events will arise. For example- when you click a button, it might raise the Click event. When you add to a drop-down list, it might raise a List Changed event. Defining Event

using System; class Eventtest { public event EventHandler myfun { add { Console.WriteLine ("Event Fired");

} {

} remove { Console.WriteLine ("Controlled"); } static void Main()

Eventest et = new Eventtest(); et.myfun += new EventHandler (et.DoNothing); et.myfun -= null; } void DoNothing (object sender, EventArgs e) { } }

An event allows a class (or other object) to send notifications to other classes (or objects) that something has occurred. In simple terms an event is the outcome of a specific action. If you have developed programmers in graphical user interfaces (GUI) then you are very familiar with Event handling. When a user interacts with a GUI control (e.g., clicking a button on a form), one or more methods are executed in response to the above event. Events can also be generated without user interactions. Event handlers are methods in an object that are executed in response to some events occurring in the application.

What is Exception?
The exceptions are anomalies that occur during the execution of a program. Exception handling is a mechanism in .NET framework to detect and handle run time errors. They can be because of user, logic or system errors. If a user (programmer) do not provide a mechanism to handle these anomalies, the .NET run time environment provide a default mechanism, which terminates the program execution. In C# there are three keywords Try, Catch and Finally for handling exceptions. In try block statements it might throw an exception whereas catch handles that caused by try block if one exists. The finally block is used for doing any clean up process. The statement in finally block always executes. e.g.

try
{ // this can cause an exception. } catch (Type x) { // for handling the exception. }

finally { //this will execute. }

Handling Exceptions
In catch block, if don't use a brackets or arguments, we can catch all exceptions occurred inside a try block. Even we can use a catch block with an Exception type parameter to catch all exceptions happened inside the try block. Since in C#, all exceptions are directly or indirectly inherited from the Exception class. e.g. class newexp { public static void Main() { int a = 0; int div = 0; try { div = 100/a; Console.WriteLine("This will not print"); } catch { Console.WriteLine("oException" ); } Console.WriteLine("Result is {0}",div); } }

Exceptions Classes Following are some common exception classes. SystemException- This exception means a failed run-time check used as a base class for other. AccessException- This exception means failure to access a type member, such as a method or field. ArgumentException- This exception means an argument to a method was invalid. ArgumentNullException- This exception means a null argument was passed to a method that doesn't accept it. ArgumentOutOfRangeException-This exception means argument value is out of range. ArithmeticException- This exception means arithmetic over or underflow has occurred. ArrayTypeMismatchException- This exception means attempt to store the wrong type of object in an array. BadImageFormatException- This exception means image is in the wrong format.

CoreException- This exception means base class for exceptions thrown by the runtime. DivideByZeroException- This exception means an attempt was made to divide by zero. FormatException- This exception means the format of an argument is wrong. IndexOutOfRangeException- This exception means an array index is out of bounds. InvalidCastExpression- This exception means an attempt was made to cast to an invalid class. InvalidOperationException- This exception means a method was called at an invalid time. MissingMemberException- This exception means an invalid version of a DLL was accessed. NotFiniteNumberException- This exception means a number is not valid. NotSupportedException- This exception means indicates that a method is not implemented by a class. NullReferenceException- This exception means attempt to use an unassigned reference. OutOfMemoryException- This exception means not enough memory to continue execution. StackOverflowException- This exception means a stack has overflow.

What is thread ?

Threads are typically created when you want a program to do two things at once.

Starting Threads

The simplest way to create a thread is to create a new instance of the Thread class. The Thread constructor takes a single argument: a delegate type. The CLR provides the ThreadStart delegate class specifically for this purpose, which points to a method you designate. This allows you to construct a thread and to say to it "when you start, run this method." The ThreadStart delegate declaration is: public delegate void ThreadStart( );

Example for Creating Thread:

using System; using System.Threading; public class CreatingThread { static void Main(string[] args) { Thread MyThread = new Thread(new ThreadStart(ThreadProc)); MyThread.Start(); MyThread.Join(); } protected static void ThreadProcess() { for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) { Console.WriteLine(i);

} }

Creating a Thread of Execution:

using System; using System.Threading; class MyThread { public int count; string thrdName; public MyThread(string name) { count = 0; thrdName = name; } public void run() { Console.WriteLine(thrdName + " starting."); do { Thread.Sleep(500); Console.WriteLine("In " + thrdName +", count is " + count); count++; } while(count < 10); Console.WriteLine(thrdName + " terminating."); } } public class MultiThread { public static void Main() { Console.WriteLine("Main thread starting."); MyThread mt = new MyThread("Child #1"); Thread newThrd = new Thread(new ThreadStart(mt.run)); newThrd.Start(); do { Console.Write("."); Thread.Sleep(100); } while (mt.count != 10); Console.WriteLine("Main thread ending."); } }

Joining Threads
To join thread1 (t1) onto thread2 (t2), write: t2.Join( );

Joining the current thread to each thread in the collection in turn:

foreach (Thread myThread in myThreads) { myThread.Join( ); } Console.WriteLine("All my threads are done.");

Create multiple threads of execution

using System; using System.Threading; class MyThread { public int count; public Thread thrd; public MyThread(string name) { count = 0; thrd = new Thread(new ThreadStart(this.run)); thrd.Name = name; thrd.Start(); } void run() { Console.WriteLine(thrd.Name + " starting."); do { Thread.Sleep(500); Console.WriteLine("In " + thrd.Name +", count is " + count); count++; } while(count < 10); Console.WriteLine(thrd.Name + " terminating."); } } public class MoreThreads { public static void Main() { Console.WriteLine("Main thread starting."); MyThread mt1 = new MyThread("Child #1"); MyThread mt2 = new MyThread("Child #2"); MyThread mt3 = new MyThread("Child #3"); do { Console.Write("."); Thread.Sleep(100); } while (mt1.count < 10 || mt2.count < 10 || mt3.count < 10);

} }

Console.WriteLine("Main thread ending.");

Suspending Threads
To cause your thread to sleep for one second, you can invoke the static method of Thread, Sleep, which suspends the thread in which it is invoked: Thread.Sleep(1000);

Killing Threads
For killing a thread Abort( ) method is used. This causes a ThreadAbortException exception to be thrown, which the thread can catch, and thus provides the thread with an opportunity to clean up any resources it might have allocated. catch (ThreadAbortException) { Console.WriteLine("[{0}] Aborted! Cleaning up...", Thread.CurrentThread.Name); } Example for Suspending, resuming, and stopping a thread:

using System; using System.Threading; class MyThread { public Thread thrd; public MyThread(string name) { thrd = new Thread(new ThreadStart(this.run)); thrd.Name = name; thrd.Start(); } void run() { Console.WriteLine(thrd.Name + " starting."); for(int i = 1; i <= 1000; i++) { Console.Write(i + " "); if((i%10)==0) { Console.WriteLine(); Thread.Sleep(250); } } Console.WriteLine(thrd.Name + " exiting."); } } public class SuspendResumeStop { public static void Main() {

MyThread mt1 = new MyThread("My Thread"); Thread.Sleep(1000); // let child thread start executing mt1.thrd.Suspend(); Console.WriteLine("Suspending thread."); Thread.Sleep(1000); mt1.thrd.Resume(); Console.WriteLine("Resuming thread."); Thread.Sleep(1000); mt1.thrd.Suspend(); Console.WriteLine("Suspending thread."); Thread.Sleep(1000); mt1.thrd.Resume(); Console.WriteLine("Resuming thread."); Thread.Sleep(1000); Console.WriteLine("Stopping thread."); mt1.thrd.Abort(); mt1.thrd.Join(); // wait for thread to terminate Console.WriteLine("Main thread terminating."); } }

Synchronization Synchronization is provided by a lock on the object, which prevents a second thread from barging in on your object until the first thread is finished with it.

Microsoft Visual Studio

Visual Studio is an integrated development environment (IDE) developed by Microsoft. It can be used to develop console and graphical user interface applications along with Windows Forms applications, web sites, web applications, and web services in both native code together with managed code for all platforms supported by Microsoft Windows, Windows Mobile, Windows CE.

Architecture
It does not support any programming language, solution or tool intrinsically. Instead, it allows plugging in various types of functionality, that is coded as a VSPackage. The IDE provides three services: SVsSolution, which provides the ability to enumerate projects and solutions; SVsUIShell, which provides windowing and UI functionality (including tabs, toolbars and tool windows) SVsShell, which deals with registration of VSPackages. In addition, the IDE also manages for coordinating and enabling communication between services. All editors, designers, project types and other tools are implemented as VSPackages. Visual Studio uses COM to access the VSPackages. The Visual Studio SDK also includes the Managed Package Framework (MPF), which is a set of managed wrappers around the COM-interfaces that allow the Packages to be written in any CLI compliant language. However, MPF does not provide all the functionality exposed by the Visual Studio

COM interfaces. The services can then be consumed for creation of other packages, which add functionality to the Visual Studio IDE.

Features of Microsoft Visual Studio

Code editor: Code editor that supports syntax highlighting and code completion using IntelliSense for not only variables, functions and methods but also language constructs like loops and queries. Debugger: It works both as a source-level debugger and as a machine-level debugger. It works with both managed code as well as native code and can be used for debugging applications written in any language supported by Visual Studio. Designer: It includes a host of visual designers to aid in the development of applications. These tools includes Windows Forms Designer: It includes a palette of UI widgets and controls (including buttons, progress bars, labels, layout containers and other controls) that can be dragged and dropped on a form surface.

WPF(Windows Presentation Foundation) Designer: It is used to author user interfaces targeting Windows Presentation Foundation. It supports all WPF functionality including data binding and automatic layout management. Web designer/development: It is used for developing ASP.NET applications and supports HTML, CSS and JavaScript. It uses a code-behind model to link with ASP.NET code. From Visual Studio 2008 onwards, the layout engine used by the web designer is shared with Microsoft Expression Web. Class designer: The Class Designer can generate C# and VB.NET code outlines for the classes and methods. It can also generate class diagrams from hand-written classes. Data designer: The data designer can be used to graphically edit database schemas, including typed tables, primary and foreign keys and constraints. It can also be used to design queries from the graphical view. Mapping designer: The mapping designer is used by LINQ to SQL to design the mapping between database schemas and the classes that encapsulate the data.

Other tools ToolBox Explorer

Open Tabs Browser: It is used to list all open tabs and to switch between them. It is invoked using CTRL+TAB. Properties Editor: It is used to edit properties in a GUI pane inside Visual Studio.

Object Browser: It can be used to browse the namespaces (which are arranged hierarchically) in managed assemblies.

Solution Explorer: It is used to manage and browse the files in a solution.

Team Explorer: It is used to integrate the capabilities of Team Foundation Server, the Revision Control System into the IDE (and the basis for Microsoft's CodePlex hosting environment for open source projects). In addition to source control it provides the ability to view and manage individual work items (including bugs, tasks and other documents) and to browse TFS statistics. Data Explorer: It is used to manage databases on Microsoft SQL Server instances. Server Explorer: It tool is used to manage database connections on an accessible computer.

Included products Microsoft Visual C++: It is Microsoft's implementation of the C and C++ compiler and associated languages-services and specific tools for integration with the Visual Studio IDE. Microsoft Visual C#: Microsoft's implementation of the C# language, targets the .NET Framework, along with the language services that lets the Visual Studio IDE support C# projects. Microsoft Visual Basic: Microsoft's implementation of the VB.NET language and associated tools and language services. It was introduced with Visual Studio .NET (2002).

Creating Windows Application

For creating a new project you need to first load Visual Studio .NET and select Windows Application as in Figure below . Type the name of the project below along with selecting the desired location to store your files.

Designing The Interface: We are going to design a simple application for adding values in List Box from from textbox input by the user, for this will need to add the following items onto your form. GroupBox Label ComboBox Textbox Button ListBox

Adding The Code: When this form loads we need to populate the ComboBox with the appropriate values. Add the following code by clicking on the form on the outside of the groupBox. You should see something like this: write this code on Form Load Event-

private void Form1_Load(object sender, EventArgs e) { comboBox1.Items.Add("Dr."); comboBox1.Items.Add("Er."); comboBox1.Items.Add("Mr."); comboBox1.Items.Add("Mrs."); comboBox1.Items.Add("Ms."); comboBox1.Focus(); }

Double-click on the OK button and add the following code:

private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) {

listBox1.Items.Add(comboBox1.Text + " " +textBox1.Text + " " + textBox2.Text); textBox1.Text = ""; textBox2.Text = ""; comboBox1.Text = ""; comboBox1.Focus(); } When we want to allow the user to clear all fields entered into the listBox, we will need to go back like we did above to the visual designer and double-click on the Clear List button, this should again switch to a code view and allow you to add the following code-

private void button2_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { listBox1.Items.Clear(); comboBox1.Focus(); }

And finally we want to allow the user to be able to close the application when they want. To show you another way to allow the user to close the program aside from that catchy X in the upper right-hand corner, I have provided a button entitled Close.

private void button3_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { this.Dispose(); }

Controls System.Windows.Forms.Control class This class defines the basic functionality of the controls, which is why many properties and events in the controls. Some controls, named custom or user controls, derive from another class: System.Windows.Forms.UserControl. This class is itself derived from the Control class and provides the functionality we need to create controls ourselves. Properties All controls have a number of properties that are used to manipulate the behavior of the control. The base class of most controls, Control, has a number of properties that other controls either inherit directly or override to provide some kind of custom behavior.

Name
Anchor BackColor Bottom

Availability
Read/Write Read/Write

Description
It tells how control behaves when its container is resized. about background color of a control. You can specify the distance from the top of the window to the bottom of the control. This is not the same as specifying the height of the control. by this property you can make a control dock to the edges of a window. Enabled to true usually means that the control can receive input from the user. Setting Enabled to false usually means that it cannot. foreground color of the control. distance from the top to the bottom of the control. left edge of the control relative to the left edge of the window. name of the control. This name can be used to reference the control in code. parent of the control. right edge of the control relative to the left edge of the window. number the control has in the tab order of its container. Specifies whether the control can be accessed by the Tab key. This value is usually not used by the control itself, and is there for you to store information about the control on the control itself. When this property is assigned a value through the Windows Form designer, you can only assign a string to it. The top edge of the control relative to the top of the window. Specifies whether or not the control is visible at runtime. width of the control.

Read/Write Read/Write

Dock

Enabled ForeColor Height Left Name Parent Right TabIndex TabStop

Read/Write Read/Write Read/Write Read/Write Read/Write Read/Write Read/Write Read/Write Read/Write

Tag

Read/Write

Top Visible Width Events

Read/Write Read/Write Read/Write

When a user clicks a button or presses a button, you as the programmer of the application, want to be told that this has happened. To do so, controls use events. The Control class defines a number of events that are common to the controls we'll use in this chapter.

Name

Description

MouseMove Occurs continually as the mouse travels over the control. Occurs when the mouse pointer is over a control and a MouseUp mouse button is released. Occurs when a control is clicked. In some cases, this Click event will also occur when a user presses Enter. Occurs when a control is double-clicked. Handling the Click event on some controls, such as the Button control DoubleClick will mean that the DoubleClick event can never be called. Occurs when a drag-and-drop operation is completed, in DragDrop other words, when an object has been dragged over the control, and the user releases the mouse button. Occurs when an object being dragged enters the bounds DragEnter of the control. Occurs when an object being dragged leaves the bounds DragLeave of the control. Occurs when an object has been dragged over the DragOver control. Occurs when a key becomes pressed while the control KeyDown has focus. This event always occurs before KeyPress and KeyUp. Occurs when a key becomes pressed, while a control has focus. This event always occurs after KeyDown and before KeyUp. The difference between KeyDown and KeyPress KeyPress is that KeyDown passes the keyboard code of the key that has been pressed, while KeyPress passes the corresponding char value for the key. Occurs when a key is released while a control has focus. KeyUp This event always occurs after KeyDown and KeyPress. Occurs when a control receives focus. Do not use this GotFocus event to perform validation of controls. Use Validating and Validated instead. Occurs when a control looses focus. Do not use this LostFocus event to perform validation of controls. Use Validating and Validated instead. Occurs when the mouse pointer is over a control and a mouse button is pressed. This is not the same as a Click MouseDown event because MouseDown occurs as soon as the button is pressed and before it is released. Paint Occurs when the control is drawn. This event is fired when a control with the CausesValidation property set to true is about to receive Validated focus. It fires after the Validating event finishes and indicates that validation is complete. Validating Fires when a control with the CausesValidation property set to true is about to receive focus. Note that the control which is to be validated is the control which is

losing focus, not the one that is receiving it.

The Button Control

The button control exists on just about any Windows dialog you can think of. A button is primarily used to perform three kinds of tasks: For closing a dialog with a state (for example, OK and Cancel buttons) For performing an action on data entered on a dialog (for example clicking Search after entering some search criteria) For opening another dialog or application (for example, Help buttons) Properties of Button Control

Name
FlatStyle

Availability
Read/Write

Description
If you set the style to PopUp, the button will appear flat until the user moves the mouse pointer over it. When that happens, the button pops up to its normal 3D look. Enabled property to false means that the button becomes grayed out and nothing happens when you click it. Allow you to specify an image (bitmap, icon etc.), which will be displayed on the button. With this property, you can set where the image on the button should appear.

Enabled Image

Read/Write Read/Write

ImageAlign Read/Write

Button Events

The most used event of a Button is the Click event. This occurs whenever a user clicks the button, by which we mean pressing the left mouse button and releasing it again while over the button. This means that if you left-click on the button and then draw the mouse away from the button before releasing it the Click event will not be raised. Also, the Click event is raised when the button has focus and the user press Enter. If you have a button on a form, you should always handle this event. Adding the Event Handlers When you double-click the control two things happens in the code behind the form. First of all, a subscription to the event is created in the InitializeComponent() method: this.btnEnglish.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.btnEnglish_Click); The second thing that happens, is that the event handler itself is added.

private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { label1.Text = "You have clicked the button!!!"; }

Label and Link Label

The label is a simple control with one purpose only: to present a caption or short hint to explain something on the form to the user. Visual Studio.NET includes two label controls that are able to present them selves to the user in two distinct ways: Label, the standard Windows label LinkLabel, a label like the standard one (and derived from it), but presents itself as an internet link (a hyperlink)

The TextBox Control

Text boxes should be used when you want the user to enter text that you have no knowledge of at design time (for example the name of the user). The primary function of a text box is for the user to enter text, but any characters can be entered, and it is quite possible to force the user to enter numeric values only. Properties of TextBox

Name

Availability

Description
When a control that has this property set to true is about to receive focus, two events are fired: Validating and Validated. You can handle these events in order to validate data in the control that is losing focus. This may cause the control never to receive focus. The related events are discussed below. A value indicating if the TextBox changes the case of the text entered. The possible values are: q Lower: All text entered into the text box is converted lower case.

CausesValidation Read/Write

CharacterCasing Read/Write

q Normal: No changes are made to the text. q Upper: All text entered into the text box is converted to upper case. A value that specifies the maximum length in characters of any text, entered into the TextBox. Set this value to zero it the maximum limit is limited only by available memory. Indicates if this is a Multiline control. A Multiline control is able to show multiple lines of text. Specifies if a password character should replace the actual characters entered into a single line textbox. If the Multiline property is true then this has no effect. A Boolean indicating if the text is read only. Specifies if a multilane text box should display scrollbars. The text that is selected in the text box. The number of characters selected in the text. If this value is set to be larger than the total number of characters in the text, it is reset by the control to be the total number of characters minus the value of SelectionStart. The start of the selected text in a text box. Specifies if a multiline text box should automatically wrap words if a line exceeds the width of the control.

MaxLength

Read/Write

Multiline

Read/Write

PasswordChar ReadOnly ScrollBars SelectedText

Read/Write Read/Write Read/Write Read/Write

SelectionLength Read/Write

SelectionStart WordWrap

Read/Write Read/Write

Events of TextBox

Name
Enter GotFocus Leave Validating Validated LostFocus KeyDown KeyPress

Description
These six events occur in the order they are listed here. They are known as "Focus Events" and are fired whenever a controls focus changes, with two exceptions. Validating and Validated are only fired if the control that receives focus has the CausesValidation property set to true. The reason why it's the receiving control that fires the event is that there are times where you do not want to validate the control, even if focus changes. An example of this is if the user clicks a Help button. These three events are known as "Key Events". They allow you to monitor and change what is entered into your controls.

KeyDown and KeyUp receive the key code corresponding to the key that was pressed. This allows you to determine if special keys such as Shift or Control and F1 were pressed. KeyUp KeyPress, on the otherhand, receives the character corresponding to a keyboard key. This means that the value for the letter "a" is not the same as the letter "A". It is useful if you want to exclude a range of characters, for example, only allowing numeric values to be entered. Occurs whenever the text in the textbox is changed, no matter what the change.

Change

TextBox Test

First Design a form on choosing New Project of Windows Application. and then set the properties of label, button and forms like shown in above picture. Adding the events Code for Ok Button Click

(private void okbtn_Click(object sender, EventArgs e }

== if (nametxt.Text == "" || textBox2.Text == "" || textBox3.Text == "" || textBox4.Text ("" } MessageBox.Show("Please fill all Information", "Alert", ,MessageBoxButtons.OKCancel ;(MessageBoxIcon.Information { else } ;string output Concatenate the text values of the four TextBoxes // ;"output = "Name: " + this.nametxt.Text + "\r\n ;"output += "Address: " + this.textBox2.Text + "\r\n ;"output += "Occupation: " + this.textBox3.Text + "\r\n ;output += "Age: " + this.textBox4.Text Insert the new text // ;this.textBox5.Text = output

{ {

Code for Help Button Click-

private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { string output; output = "Name = Enter Your name\r\n"; output += "Address = Enter Your address\r\n"; output += "Occupation = Enter Occupation\r\n"; output += "Age = Enter Your age"; // Insert the new text this.textBox5.Text = output; } Adding Events on TextBoxEvent on TextBox Leave Event-

private void nametxt_Leave(object sender, EventArgs e) { if (nametxt.Text == "") {

nametxt.BackColor = Color.Red; } } Event on TextBox Keypress Event-

private void nametxt_KeyPress(object sender, KeyPressEventArgs e) { if (nametxt.BackColor == Color.Red) { nametxt.BackColor = Color.Snow; } }

Radio Button

Radio buttons themselves as a label with a dot to the left of it, which can be either selected or not. You should use the radio buttons when you want to give the user a choice between several mutually exclusive options. for Example, if you want to ask for the gender of the user. To group radiobuttons together so that they create one logical unit you must use a GroupBox control. By first placing a group box on a form, and then placing the RadioButton controls you need within the borders of the group box, the RadioButton controls will know to change their state to reflect that only one within the group box can be selected. If you do not place them within a group box, only one RadioButton on the form can be selected at any given time.

CheckBox Controls
A CheckBox traditionally displays itself as a label with a small box with a checkmark to the left of it. You should use the check box when you want to allow the user to choose one or more options. An example could be a questionnaire asking which operating systems the user has tried (for example, Windows 95, Windows 98, Linux, Max OS X, and so on.)

RadioButton Properties Name Availability Description

A RadioButton can be displayed either as a label with a circular check to the left, middle or right of it, or as a standard button. When it is displayed as a button, the control will appear pressed when selected and 3D otherwise. When this property is true, a check mark is displayed when the user clicks the radio button. When it is false, the check mark is not displayed by default. By using this property, you can change the alignment of the radio button. It can be left, middle, and right. Indicates the status of the control. It is true if the control has a check mark, and false otherwise.

Appearance

Read/Write

AutoCheck

Read/Write

CheckAlign

Read/Write

Checked

Read/Write

RadioButton Events

Name

Description

This event is sent when the check of the RadioButton changes. If there is more than one RadioButton control on CheckChanged the form or within a group box, this event will be sent twice, first to the control, which was checked and now becomes unchecked, then to the control which becomes checked. This event is sent every time the RadioButton is clicked. This is not the same as the change event, because clicking a RadioButton twice or more times in succession only changes Click the checked property once ? and only if it wasn't checked already.

CheckBox Properties Name Availability Description

Unlike the RadioButton, a CheckBox can have three states: Checked, Indeterminate, and Unchecked. When the state of the check box is Indeterminate, the control check next to the label is usually grayed, indicating that the current value of the check is not valid or has no meaning under the current circumstances. An example of this state can be seen if you select several files in the Windows Explorer and look at their properties. If some files are ReadOnly and others are not, the ReadOnly checkbox will be checked, but grayed indeterminate. When this property is false, the user will not be able to change the CheckBox' state to Indeterminate. You can, however, still change the state of the check box to Indeterminate from code.

CheckState Read/Write

ThreeState Read/Write

CheckBox Events Name Description

Occurs whenever the Checked property of the check box changes. Note that in a CheckBox where the ThreeState property is true, it is possible to click the CheckedChanged check box without changing the Checked property. This happens when the check box changes from checked to indeterminate state. Occurs whenever the CheckedState property changes. As Checked and Unchecked are both possible values of the CheckedState property, this event will be sent CheckedStateChanged whenever the Checked property changes. In addition to that, it will also be sent when the state changes from Checked to Indeterminate.

Example: In following image i have created a window form for saving information of student like personal info and subjects of his/her. For this you have to drag and drop 4 textboxes, 2 radiobuttons, 5 labels and 3 buttons. Change all controls properties like in picture.

In figure 2 if user direct click on ok button then he/she will get massage for alert to fill all information. In Figure 3 if user fill personal information and then click on Ok button then he/she will get alert message for choosing gender. And in figure 4 if user not choose subject and click on ok button then he will get another alert message for choosing subject. To making all these validation you have to write following code on Ok button Click. Code For Ok Button Click:

private void button2_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { if (textBox1.Text == "" || textBox2.Text == "" || textBox4.Text == "") { MessageBox.Show("Please fill all personal information", "Warning", MessageBoxButtons.OKCancel, MessageBoxIcon.Warning); }

else if (radioButton1.Checked == false && radioButton2.Checked == false) { MessageBox.Show("Please select Gender", "Warning", MessageBoxButtons.OKCancel, MessageBoxIcon.Warning); } else if (checkedListBox1.Text=="") { MessageBox.Show("Please select Subjects", "Warning", MessageBoxButtons.OKCancel, MessageBoxIcon.Warning); } else { if (radioButton1.Checked) { // Concatenate the text values of the four TextBoxes output = "Name: " + this.textBox1.Text + "\r\n"; output += "Address: " + this.textBox2.Text + "\r\n"; output += "Course: " + this.textBox4.Text + "\r\n"; output += "Sex: " + this.radioButton1.Text + "\r\n"; output += "Subject:"; foreach (string sub in checkedListBox1.CheckedItems) output += " " + sub; } if (radioButton2.Checked) { // Concatenate the text values of the four TextBoxes output = "Name: " + this.textBox1.Text + "\r\n"; output += "Address: " + this.textBox2.Text + "\r\n"; output += "Course: " + this.textBox4.Text + "\r\n"; output += "Sex: " + this.radioButton2.Text+"\r\n"; output += "Subject:"; foreach (string sub in checkedListBox1.CheckedItems) output += " " + sub;

} }

} this.textBox3.Text = output;

Now if you to give condition for user that he should must choose at least three subjects then you can add code for this on Checklistbox Leave Event. Like following code. Code for Leave Event on Checklist Box.

private void checkedListBox1_Leave(object sender, EventArgs e) { int count = checkedListBox1.CheckedItems.Count; { if(count<=3) MessageBox.Show("Your minimum choice is Three subject"); } }

Final output will show like in below figure

GroupBox Control
Windows Forms GroupBox controls are used to provide a most important facility for grouping other controls. Typically, you use group boxes to subdivide a form by function. For example, you may have an order form that specifies mailing options such as which overnight carrier to use. Grouping all options in a group box gives the user a logical visual

cue. The GroupBox control is similar to the Panel control; however, only the GroupBox control displays a caption, and only the Panel control can have scroll bars.

Group Box Properties

Group Box Event:

Rich TextBox Control

Like the normal TextBox, the RichTextBox control is derived from TextBoxBase. Because of this, it shares a number of features with the TextBox, but is much more diverse. Where a TextBox is commonly used with the purpose of obtaining short text strings from the user, the RichTextBox is used to display and enter formatted text (for example bold, underline, and italic). It does so using a standard for formatted text called Rich Text Format or RTF. RichTextBox Properties

Name

Availability

Description

CanRedo

Read only

This property is true if something has been undone, that can be reapplied, otherwise false. This property is true if it is possible to perform an undo action on the RichTextBox, otherwise it is false. This property holds the name of an action that be used to redo something that has been undone in the RichTextBox. Set this property to true to make the control detect URLs and format them (underline as in a browser). This corresponds to the Text property, except that this holds the text in RTF. Use this property to get or set the selected text in the control, in RTF. If you copy this text to another application, for example, MS Word, it will retain all formatting. Like SelectedRtf you can use this property to get or set the selected text. Unlike the RTF version of the property however, all formatting is lost. This represents the alignment of the selected text. It can be Center, Left, or Right. Use this property to find out if the selection is formatted with a bullet in front of it, or use it to insert or remove bullets. Use this property to specify the number of pixels a bullet should be indented. Allow you to change the color of the text in the selection. Allow you to change to font of the text in the selection. Using this property, you either set or retrieve the length of a selection. This property holds information about the selection. It will tell you if one or more OLE objects are selected or if only text is selected. If you set this property to true, a margin will be shown at the left of the RichTextBox. This will make it easier for

CanUndo

Read only

RedoActionName

Read only

DetectUrls

Read/Write

Rtf

Read/Write

SelectedRtf

Read/Write

SelectedText

Read/Write

SelectionAlignment

Read/Write

SelectionBullet

Read/Write

BulletIndent SelectionColor SelectionFont SelectionLength

Read/Write Read/Write Read/Write Read/Write

SelectionType

Read only

ShowSelectionMargin Read/Write

UndoActionName

Read only

SelectionProtected

Read/Write

the user to select text. Gets the name of the action that will be used if the user chooses to undo something. You can specify that certain parts of the text should not be changed by setting this property to true.

RichTextBox Events

Name
LinkedClick

Description

This event is sent when a user clicks on a link within the text. This event is sent when a user attempts to modify Protected text that has been marked as protected. This event is sent when the selection changes. If SelectionChanged for some reason you don't want the user to change the selection, you can prevent the change here. Example of Rich TextBox: To implement rich textbox create new application and design form like below image, and change properties according to your choice.

In following image i am making selected text bold on clicking the bold Button. Coding for bold button is given below.

Code for Bold Button

private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { Font oldFont; Font newFont; // Get the font that is being used in the selected text oldFont = this.richTextBox1.SelectionFont; // If the font is using bold style now, we should remove the // Formatting if (oldFont.Bold) newFont = new Font(oldFont, oldFont.Style & ~FontStyle.Bold); else newFont = new Font(oldFont, oldFont.Style | FontStyle.Bold);

// Insert the new font and return focus to the RichTextBox this.richTextBox1.SelectionFont = newFont; this.richTextBox1.Focus(); }

In following image i am making selected text Italic on clicking the italic Button. Coding for italic button is given below.

Code for Italic Button

private void button2_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { Font oldFont; Font newFont; // Get the font that is being used in the selected text oldFont = this.richTextBox1.SelectionFont;

it

// If the font is using Italic style now, we should remove

if (oldFont.Italic) newFont = new Font(oldFont, oldFont.Style & ~FontStyle.Italic); else newFont = new Font(oldFont, oldFont.Style | FontStyle.Italic); // Insert the new font this.richTextBox1.SelectionFont = newFont; this.richTextBox1.Focus(); }

In following image i am making selected text Underline on clicking the Underline Button. Coding for Underline Button is given below.

Coding for Underline Button

private void button3_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

Font oldFont; Font newFont; // Get the font that is being used in the selected text oldFont = this.richTextBox1.SelectionFont; // If the font is using Underline style now, we should remove

it if (oldFont.Underline) newFont = new Font(oldFont, oldFont.Style & ~FontStyle.Underline); else newFont = new Font(oldFont, oldFont.Style | FontStyle.Underline); // Insert the new font this.richTextBox1.SelectionFont = newFont; this.richTextBox1.Focus(); }

In following image i am making selected text Center on clicking the Center Button. Coding for Center Button is given below.

Coding for Center Button

private void button4_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { if (this.richTextBox1.SelectionAlignment == HorizontalAlignment.Center) this.richTextBox1.SelectionAlignment = HorizontalAlignment.Left; else this.richTextBox1.SelectionAlignment = HorizontalAlignment.Center; this.richTextBox1.Focus(); }

In following image i am making selected text size large and small by putting the value in size textbox. Coding for this is given below.

Coding for Size Change for this you have to write following code on textbox validating event.

private void txtSize_Validating(object sender, CancelEventArgs e) { TextBox txt = (TextBox)sender; ApplyTextSize(txt.Text); this.richTextBox1.Focus(); }

And then you have to write keypress event on textbox event.

private void txtSize_KeyPress(object sender, KeyPressEventArgs e) { if ((e.KeyChar < 48 || e.KeyChar > 57) && e.KeyChar != 8 && e.KeyChar != 13) { e.Handled = true; }

else if (e.KeyChar == 8) { MessageBox.Show("Please input valid size"); } else if (e.KeyChar == 13) { // Apply size if the user hits enter TextBox txt = (TextBox)sender; if (txt.Text.Length > 0) ApplyTextSize(txt.Text); e.Handled = true; this.richTextBox1.Focus(); } }

and then make a method for applytextsize method

private void ApplyTextSize(string textSize) { // Convert the text to a float because we'll be needing a float shortly float newSize = Convert.ToSingle(textSize); FontFamily currentFontFamily; Font newFont; // Create a new font of the same family but with the new size currentFontFamily = this.richTextBox1.SelectionFont.FontFamily; newFont = new Font(currentFontFamily, newSize); // Set the font of the selected text to the new font } this.richTextBox1.SelectionFont = newFont;

ListBox Controls
These controls are used to show a list of strings from which one or more can be selected at a time. Just like check boxes and radio buttons, the list box provides a means of asking the user to make one or more selections. You should use a list box when at design time you don't know the actual number of values the user can choose from (an example could be a

list of co-workers). Even if you know all the possible values at design time, you should consider using a list box if there are a great number of values.

Properties of Listbox Name

SelectedIndex

Availability
Read/Write

Description
This value indicates the zero-based index of the selected item in the list box. If the list box can contain multiple selections at the same time, this property holds the index of the first item in the selected list. In a list box with multiple columns, this property specifies the width of the columns. The Items collection contains all of the items in the list box. You use the properties of this collection to add and remove items. A list box can have more than one column. Use this property the get or set the number of columns in the list box. This property is a collection, which holds all of the zero-based indices of the selected items in the list box. In a list box where only one item can be selected, this property contains the selected item if any. In a list box where more than one selection can be made, it will contain the first of the selected items. This property is a collection, which contains all of the items currently selected. You can choose between four different modes

ColumnWidth Items

Read/Write Read-only

MultiColumn

Read/Write

SelectedIndices

Read-only

SelectedItem

Read/Write

SelectedItems SelectionMode

Read-only Read/Write

of selection in a list box: q None: No items can be selected. q One: Only one item can be selected at any time. q MultiSimple: Multiple items can be selected. q MultiExtended: Multiple items can be selected and the user can use the Ctrl, Shift and arrows keys to make selections. Setting this property to true will cause the ListBox to sort the items it contains alphabetically. We've seen Text properties on a number of controls, but this one works very differently than any we've seen so far. If you set the Text property of the list box control, it searches for an item that matches the text, and selects it. If you get the Text property, the value returned is the first selected item in the list. This property cannot be used if the SelectionMode is None. (CheckedListBox only) This property is a collection, which contains all indexes in the CheckedListBox that is a checked or indeterminate state. (CheckedListBox only) This is a collection of all the items in a CheckedListBox that are in a checked or indeterminate state. (CheckedListBox only) If this property is true, an item will change its state whenever the user clicks it. (CheckedListBox only) You can choose between Checkboxes that are flat or normal by setting this property.

Sorted

Read/Write

Text

Read/Write

CheckedIndicies

Read-only

CheckedItems

Read-only

CheckOnClick

Read/Write

ThreeDCheckBoxes Read/Write

ListBox Methods

Name
ClearSelected FindString FindStringExact GetSelected

Description
Clears all selections in the ListBox, Finds the first string in the ListBox beginning with a string you specify for example FindString("a") will find the first string in the ListBox beginning with 'a' Like FindString but the entire string must be matched Returns a value that indicates whether an item is selected

SetSelected ToString

Sets or clears the selection of an item Returns the currently selected item (CheckedListBox only) Returns a value indicating if an item GetItemChecked is checked or not (CheckedListBox only) Returns a value indicating the check GetItemCheckState state of an item (CheckedListBox only) Sets the item specified to achecked SetItemChecked state. SetItemCheckState (CheckedListBox only) Sets the check state of an item ListBox Events

Name
ItemCheck

Description

(CheckedListBox only) Occurs when the check state of one of the list items changes SelectedIndexChanged Occurs when the index of the selected item changes Sample Example for ListBox control In following image i have taken 2 ListBox controls and 4 buttons and add items in ListBox one with collection property of this.and change property according to your choice.

My purpose of taking two ListBox is for moving items from listbox1 to ListBox 2 by button click ad show below with single selection and multi selection if user click on button without selecting item from listbox1 then he/she will get alert message for choosing items from ListBox. Code for this is given below

Write following code on Single selection Button by double click on button.

private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { if (listBox1.SelectedIndex >= 0) { string selectitem = listBox1.SelectedItem.ToString(); listBox2.Items.Add(selectitem); listBox1.Items.Remove(selectitem); } else { MessageBox.Show("Please Choose Item to move", "Warning"); } }

Code for moving all items from one ListBox to another.

private void button2_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { foreach (string item in listBox1.Items) { listBox2.Items.Add(item); } listBox1.Items.Clear(); }

You will get output as follows

Similarly you can write for moving items from listbox2 to listbox1.

ComboBox Controls
The ComboBox control is used to save space on a dialog because the only part of the combo box that is permanently visible are the text box and button parts of the control. When the user clicks the arrow button to the right of the text box, a list box unfolds in which the user can make a selection. As soon as he or she does so, the list box disappears and the display returns to normal. As the name implies, a combo box combines a number of controls, to be specific the TextBox, Button, and ListBox controls. Unlike the ListBox, it is never possible to select more than one item in the list of items contained in a ComboBox and it is optionally possible to type new entries in the list in the TextBox part of the ComboBox.

ComboBox Properties

Name

Availability

Description
A combo box can be displayed with three different styles: q DropDown: The user can edit the text box part of the control, and must click the arrow button to display the list part of the control.

DropDownStyle Read/Write

q Simple: Same as DropDown, except that the list part of the control is always visible, much like a normal ListBox. q DropDownList: The user cannot edit the text box part of the control, and must click the arrow button to display the list part of the control.

DroppedDown

Read/Write

Indicates whether the list part of the control is dropped down or not. If you set this property to true, the list will unfold. This property is a collection, which contains all the items in the list contained in the combo box. By setting this property to anything other than zero, you control the maximum number of characters it is possible to enter into the text box part of the control. Indicates the index of the currently selected item in the list. Indicates the item that is currently selected in the list.

Items

Read-only

MaxLength

Read/Write

SelectedIndex Read/Write SelectedItem Read/Write

SelectedText SelectionStart

Read/Write Read/Write

SelectionLengthRead/Write Sorted Read/Write

Text

Read/Write

Represents the text that is selected in the text box part of the control. In the text box part of the control, this property represents the index of the first character that is selected. The length of the text selected in the text box part of the control. Set this property to true to make the control sort the items in the list portion alphabetically. If you set this property to null, any selection in the list portion of the control is removed. If you set it to a value, which exists in the list part of the control, that value is selected. If the value doesn't exist in the list, the text is simply shown in the text portion.

ComboBox Events Description Occurs when the list portion of the control is dropped DropDown down. Occurs when the selection in the list portion of the SelectedIndexChanged control changed. These events occur when a key is pressed while the text KeyDown, KeyPress, portion of the control has focus. Please refer to the KeyUp descriptions of the events in the text box section earlier in this chapter. TextChanged Occurs when the Text property changes ComboBox Text Example In following image i have designed a window form for saving the address of user. Make design of your application in following image manner and change properties according to you. Name

In following figure for selecting country i have used ComboBox for selecting country and after that he/she will get the name of corresponding state name of that country he/she selected. Code for Combobox1 to add the items in Combobox2. Write following code on Combobox1 selected index change

private void comboBox1_SelectedIndexChanged(object sender, EventArgs e) { comboBox2.Items.Clear(); comboBox2.Enabled = true; if (comboBox1.SelectedItem.ToString() == "India") { comboBox2.Items.Add("NewDelhi"); comboBox2.Items.Add("Chennai"); comboBox2.Items.Add("Banglore"); comboBox2.Items.Add("Mumbai"); } else if (comboBox1.SelectedItem.ToString() == "Australia") { comboBox2.Items.Add("Sydney"); comboBox2.Items.Add("Johnsberg"); comboBox2.Items.Add("Perth"); comboBox2.Items.Add("Melborn"); } else if (comboBox1.SelectedItem.ToString() == "United States")

comboBox2.Items.Add("NewYork"); comboBox2.Items.Add("Los Ageles"); comboBox2.Items.Add("California"); comboBox2.Items.Add("LosBegas");

After that choosing State name he/she will get the location in ComboBox 3. Like in following figure.

Code for ComboBox2 is given below write that code on Combobox2 Selected Index Changed

private void comboBox2_SelectedIndexChanged(object sender, EventArgs e) { comboBox3.Items.Clear(); comboBox3.Enabled = true; if (comboBox2.SelectedItem.ToString() == "NewDelhi") { comboBox3.Items.Add("East Delhi"); comboBox3.Items.Add("West Delhi"); comboBox3.Items.Add("North Delhi"); comboBox3.Items.Add("South Delhi"); } else if (comboBox2.SelectedItem.ToString() == "Chennai") { comboBox3.Items.Add("Chennai"); } else if (comboBox2.SelectedItem.ToString() == "Mumbai") { comboBox3.Items.Add("Mumbai"); comboBox3.Items.Add("Navi Mumbai"); } else if (comboBox2.SelectedItem.ToString() == "Banglore") { comboBox3.Items.Add("Banglore");

} else if (comboBox2.SelectedItem.ToString() == "Johnsberg") { comboBox3.Items.Add("Johnsberg"); } else if (comboBox2.SelectedItem.ToString() == "Sydney") { comboBox3.Items.Add("Sydney"); } else if (comboBox2.SelectedItem.ToString() == "Perth") { comboBox3.Items.Add("Perth"); } }

Code for Save Button Click

private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { string output; output = "Name: " + this.textBox1.Text + "\r\n"; output += "Address : " + this.textBox2.Text + "\r\n"; output += " " + this.textBox3.Text + "\r\n";

output += " " + this.comboBox3.Text+ "\r\n"; output += " " + this.comboBox2.Text + "\r\n"; output += "Country: " + this.comboBox1.Text + "\r\n"; textBox4.Text = output; }

Final you will get output Like this.

The ListView Control

The list from which you select files to open in the standard dialog boxes in Windows is a ListView control Everything you can do to the view in the standard list view dialog (large icons, details view, and so on). The list view is usually used to present data where the user is allowed some control over the detail and style of the presentation. It is possible to display the data contained in the control as columns and rows much like in a grid, as a single column or in with varying icon representations. The most commonly used list view is like the one seen above which is used to navigate the folders on a computer. ListView Control Property Name Activation Availability Description Read/Write By using this property, you can control how a user activates an item in the list view. You should not change the default setting unless you have a good reason for doing so, because you will be altering a setting that the user have set for his or her entire system. The possible values are: Standard: This setting is that which the user has

Alignment

Read/Write

AllowColumn Reorder

Read/Write

AutoArrange

Read/Write

CheckBoxes CheckedIndices CheckedItems Columns FocusedItem

Read/Write

Read-only

Read-only Read-only

FullRowSelect

Read/Write

GridLines HeaderStyle

Read/Write Read/Write

chosen for his or her machine. OneClick: Clicking an item activates it. TwoClick: Double-clicking an item activates it. his property allows you to control how the items in the list view are aligned. The four possible values are: Default: If the user drags and drops an item it remains where he or she dropped it. Left: Items are aligned to the left edge of the ListView control. Top: Items are aligned to the top edge of the ListView control. SnapToGrid: The ListView control contains an invisible grid to which the items will snap. If you set this property to true, you allow the user to change the order of the columns in a list view. If you do so, you should be sure that the routines that fill the list view are able to insert the items properly, even after the order of the columns is changed. If you set this property to true, items will automatically arrange themselves according to the Alignment property. If the user drags an item to the center of the list view, and Alignment is Left, then the item will automatically jump to the left of the list view. This property is only meaningful if the View property is LargeIcon or SmallIcon. If you set this property to true, every item in the list view will have a CheckBox displayed to the left of it. This property is only meaningful if the View property is Details or List. These two properties gives you access to a collection of indices and items, respectively, containing the checked items in the list. A list view can contain columns. This property gives you access to the collection of columns through which you can add or remove columns. This property holds the item that has focus in the list view. If nothing is selected, it is null. When this property is true, and an item is clicked, the entire row in which the item resides will be highlighted. If it is false, only the item itself will be highlighted. Setting this property to true will cause the list view to draw grid lines between rows and columns. This property is only meaningful when the View property is Details. You can control how the column headers are displayed. There are three styles:

HoverSelection Read/Write Items LabelEdit LabelWrap Read-only Read/Write Read/Write

LargeImageList Read/Write MultiSelect Read/Write

Scrollable Read/Write SelectedIndices Read-only SelectedItems SmallImageList Read/Write

Sorting

Read/Write

StateImageList Read/Write TopItem Read-only

View

Read/Write

Clickable: The column header works like a button. NonClickable: The column headers do not respond to mouse clicks. None: The column headers are not displayed. When this property is true, the user can select an item in the list view by hovering the mouse pointer over it. The collection of items in the list view. When this property is true, the user can edit the content of the first column in a Details view. If this property is true, labels will wrap over as many lines is needed to display all of the text. This property holds the ImageList, which holds large images. These images can be used when the View property is LargeIcon. Set this property to true to allow the user to select multiple items. Set this property to true to display scrollbars. These two properties contain the collections that hold the indices and items that are selected, respectively. When the View property is SmallIcon this property holds the ImageList that contain the images used. You can allow the list view to sort the items it contains. There are three possible modes: Ascending Descending None The ImageList contains masks for images that are used as overlays on the LargeImageList and SmallImageList images to represent custom states. Returns the item at the top of the list view. A list view can display its items in four different modes: LargeIcon: All items are displayed with a large icon (32x32) and a label. SmallIcon: All items are displayed with a small icon (16x16) and a label. List: Only one column is displayed. That column can contain an icon and a label Details: Any number of columns can be displayed. Only the first column can contain an icon.

ListView Methods Name Description

By calling this method, you tell the list view to stop drawing updates until EndUpdate is called. This is useful when you are BeginUpdate inserting many items at once, because it stops the view from flickering and dramatically increases speed. Clears the list view completely. All items and columns are Clear removed. Call this method after calling BeginUpdate. When you call this EndUpdate method, the list view will draw all of its items. When you call this method, the list view will scroll itself to make EnsureVisible the item with the index you specified visible. GetItemAt Returns the item at position x, y in the list view.

ListView Events Name Description

AfterLabelEdit This event occurs after a label have been edited BeforeLabelEdit This event occurs before a user begins editing a label ColumnClick This event occurs when a column is clicked ItemActivate Occurs when an item is activated ListViewItem The ListViewItem holds information such as text and the index of the icon to display. ListViewItems have a collection called SubItems that holds instances of another class, ListViewSubItem. These sub items are displayed if the ListView control is in Details mode. ColumnHeader To make a list view display column headers, you add instances of a class called ColumnHeader to the Columns collection of the ListView. ColumnHeaders provide a caption for the columns that can be displayed when the ListView is in Details mode. The ImageList Control The ImageList control provides a collection that can be used to store images that is used in other controls on your form. You can store images of any size in an image list, but within each control every image must be of the same size. In the case of the ListView, which means that you need two ImageList controls to be able to display both large and small images. Example of Listview Control For using Listview Control make your window form design view like following image. And change controls property according to your choice. Take 2 listimage Control name as Large_Image and small_image and add images in that collection property and set large_image size 32X32.

Write code on Form Loading for holding folders like below

private System.Collections.Specialized.StringCollection folderCol; public Form1() { InitializeComponent(); } private void Form1_Load(object sender, EventArgs e) { folderCol = new System.Collections.Specialized.StringCollection(); CreateHeadersAndFillListView(); PaintListView(@"D:\"); folderCol.Add(@"D:\"); this.lwFilesAndFolders.ItemActivate += new System.EventHandler(this.lwFilesAndFolders_ItemActi vate); }

Code for Creating Header and ListView in ListView Control.

private void CreateHeadersAndFillListView() { ColumnHeader colHead; // First header colHead = new ColumnHeader(); colHead.Text = "Filename"; this.lwFilesAndFolders.Columns.Add(colHead); // Insert the header // Second header colHead = new ColumnHeader(); colHead.Text = "Size"; this.lwFilesAndFolders.Columns.Add(colHead); // Insert the header // Third header

colHead = new ColumnHeader(); colHead.Text = "Last accessed"; this.lwFilesAndFolders.Columns.Add(colHead); // Insert the header }

Code for ListView

private void PaintListView(string root) { try { // Two local variables that is used to create the items ListViewItem lvi; ListViewItem.ListViewSubItem lvsi; // If there's no root folder, we can't insert anything if (root.CompareTo("") == 0) return; // Get information about the root folder. System.IO.DirectoryInfo dir = new System.IO.DirectoryInfo(root); // Retrieve the files and folders from the root folder. DirectoryInfo[] dirs = dir.GetDirectories(); // Folders FileInfo[] files = dir.GetFiles(); // Files

to insert

// Clear the ListView. Note that we call the Clear method on the // Items collection rather than on the ListView itself. // The Clear method of the ListView remove everything, including column // headers, and we only want to remove the items from the view.

this.lwFilesAndFolders.Items.Clear(); // Set the label with the current path this.lblCurrentPath.Text = root; // Lock the ListView for updates this.lwFilesAndFolders.BeginUpdate(); them // Loop through all folders in the root folder and insert foreach (System.IO.DirectoryInfo di in dirs) { // Create the main ListViewItem lvi = new ListViewItem(); lvi.Text = di.Name; // Folder name lvi.ImageIndex = 0; // The folder icon has index 0 path of the lvi.Tag = di.FullName; // Set the tag to the qualified // folder // Create the two ListViewSubItems. lvsi = new ListViewItem.ListViewSubItem(); lvsi.Text = ""; // Size - a folder has no size and so this column // is empty ListViewItem lvi.SubItems.Add(lvsi); // Add the sub item to the

lvsi = new ListViewItem.ListViewSubItem(); lvsi.Text = di.LastAccessTime.ToString(); // Last accessed column ListViewItem lvi.SubItems.Add(lvsi); // Add the sub item to the

the ListView

// Add the ListViewItem to the Items collection of this.lwFilesAndFolders.Items.Add(lvi);

} // Loop through all the files in the root folder foreach (System.IO.FileInfo fi in files) { // Create the main ListViewItem lvi = new ListViewItem(); lvi.Text = fi.Name; // Filename lvi.ImageIndex = 1; // The icon we use to represent a folder has // index 1 path of the lvi.Tag = fi.FullName; // Set the tag to the qualified // file // Create the two sub items lvsi = new ListViewItem.ListViewSubItem(); lvsi.Text = fi.Length.ToString(); // Length of the file lvi.SubItems.Add(lvsi); // Add to the SubItems collection lvsi = new ListViewItem.ListViewSubItem(); lvsi.Text = fi.LastAccessTime.ToString(); // Last Accessed Column lvi.SubItems.Add(lvsi); // Add to the SubItems collection // Add the item to the Items collection of the ListView } this.lwFilesAndFolders.Items.Add(lvi);

// Unlock the ListView. The items that have been inserted will now // be displayed this.lwFilesAndFolders.EndUpdate();

} catch (System.Exception err) { MessageBox.Show("Error: " + err.Message); }

Code for Listview Control for activating items

private void lwFilesAndFolders_ItemActivate(object sender, EventArgs e) { // Cast the sender to a ListView and get the tag of the first selected // item. System.Windows.Forms.ListView lw = (System.Windows.Forms.ListView)sender; string filename = lw.SelectedItems[0].Tag.ToString();

if (lw.SelectedItems[0].ImageIndex != 0) { try { // Attempt to run the file System.Diagnostics.Process.Start(filename); } catch { // If the attempt fails we simply exit the method } return;

} else { // Insert the items PaintListView(filename); folderCol.Add(filename);

} }

Code for making small icons view. Write below code on radio button named small icon
private void rdoSmallIcon_CheckedChanged(object sender, EventArgs e) { RadioButton rdb = (RadioButton)sender; if (rdb.Checked) this.lwFilesAndFolders.View = View.List; }

Code for making large icons view. Write below code on radio button named large icon
private void rdoLargeIcon_CheckedChanged(object sender, EventArgs e) { RadioButton rdb = (RadioButton)sender;

if (rdb.Checked) this.lwFilesAndFolders.View = View.LargeIcon; }

StatusBar Control
A status bar is commonly used to provide hints for the selected item or information about an action currently being performed on a dialog. Normally, the StatusBar is placed at the bottom of the screen, as it is in MS Office applications and Paint, but it can be located anywhere you like.

StatusBar Properties Name Availability Description

It is possible to assign an image to the status bar that will be drawn in the background.

BackgroundImage Read/Write

Panels ShowPanels Text

Read-only Read/Write Read/Write

This is the collection of panels in the status bar. Use this collection to add and remove panels. If you want to display panels, this property must be set to true. When you are not using panels this property holds the text that is displayed in the status bar.

StatusBar Events Name

DrawItem PanelClick

Description
Occurs when a panel that has the OwnerDraw style set needs to be redrawn. You must subscribe to this event if you want to draw the contents of a panel yourself. Occurs when a panels is clicked.

The StatusBarPanel Class

This class contains all the information about the individual panels in the Panels collection. The information that can be set ranges from simple text and alignment of text to icons to be displayed and the style of the panel.

Example For StatusBar

To understanding StatusBar control drag and drop status strip and make text blank and add 2toolstatuslabel and 1 toolstatusprogressbar. And drag 1textbox and 1 button,1timer control and change property according to your choice.

Code for button click on go button

private void button1_Click_1(object sender, EventArgs e) { toolStripProgressBar1.Visible = true; toolStripStatusLabel2.Text = ""; timer1.Enabled = true; webBrowser1.Navigate(textBox1.Text); toolStripStatusLabel1.Text = textBox1.Text; }

On clicking button progress bar will show on status strip control until webpage will not open. when web page is loaded progress bar will not be display and label text will be web address and done that means page has been loaded as shown below

Code for timer Control

private void timer1_Tick(object sender, EventArgs e) { toolStripProgressBar1.Value = toolStripProgressBar1.Value + 10; if (toolStripProgressBar1.Value == toolStripProgressBar1.Maximum) { toolStripProgressBar1.Value= 0; toolStripProgressBar1.Visible = false; timer1.Enabled = false; toolStripStatusLabel2.Text = "Done";

} }

Write following code on document complete event of WebbrowserControl so that progressbar stops
private void webBrowser1_DocumentCompleted(object sender, WebBrowserDocumentCompletedEventArgs e) { toolStripProgressBar1.Visible = false; }

Tabcontrol Control
The TabControl provides an easy way of organizing a dialog into logical parts that can be accessed through tabs located at the top of the control. A TabControl contains TabPages that essentially work in a similar way to a GroupBox control, though it is somewhat more complex:

TabControl Properties

Name
Alignment Appearance

Availability
Read/Write Read/Write

Description
Controls where on the tab control the tabs are displayed. The default is at the top. Controls how the tabs are displayed. The tabs can be displayed as normal buttons or with flat style. If this property is set to true the appearance of the tabs on the control change as, the mouse pointer passes over them. If this property is set to true, it is possible to have several rows of tabs. Returns the number of rows of tabs that is currently displayed. Returns or sets the index of the selected tab. Returns the total number of tabs. This is the collection of TabPages in the control. Use this collection to add and remove TabPages.

HotTrack Multiline RowCount

Read/Write Read/Write Read-only

SelectedIndexRead/Write TabCount Read-only TabPages Read-only

Working with TabControl Drag and drop a TabControl and add pages as show in below picture.

Now change the text property of the TabControl tab page as shown in below picture. Design according to your choice or shown in below image.

Code for picking date- for this add a month calendar and make visibility false and true its visibility on PickDate button click.

private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { monthCalendar1.Visible = true; }

private void monthCalendar1_DateChanged(object sender, DateRangeEventArgs e) { textBox3.Text = DateTime.Now.ToLongDateString(); monthCalendar1.Visible = false; }

On clicking next button you can move on next TabIndex code for this is given below-

private void linkLabel1_LinkClicked(object sender, LinkLabelLinkClickedEventArgs e) { if (textBox1.Text == "" || textBox2.Text == "" || textBox3.Text == "") { MessageBox.Show("Please fill your personal information"); } else { this.tabControl1.SelectedIndex = 1; } }

Code for previous button Click

private void linkLabel3_LinkClicked(object sender, LinkLabelLinkClickedEventArgs e) { this.tabControl1.SelectedIndex = 0; }

NotifyIcon Control
Display an icon on notification area with corresponding to the application is running. Like shown in below example.

Properties of NotifyIcon

Events of Notify Icon

Code for mouse double click event on NotifyIcon

private void notifyIcon1_MouseDoubleClick(object sender, MouseEventArgs e) { if (this.WindowState == FormWindowState.Minimized) { this.Show(); this.WindowState = FormWindowState.Normal; } // Activate the form. this.Activate(); this.Focus(); }

On double-clicking Icon to tab control application you get your application as on desktop.

Masked Textbox
Sets the string governing the input allowed for this control. Masked TextBox is intelligent user control enhances the function of the TextBox control, which can mask the Date, IP Address, SSN, Phone numbers, digits, decimal and checks the validation, and automatically set the delimiter location. The property Masked is set to None by default and the control works like a normal TextBox control. If setting the property to Date Only, the control is masked to Date format. Like shown in below Image:

Code for Ok Button Click

private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { label2.Text = label2.Text + maskedTextBox1.Text; }

Window Media Player

You will not find the window media player control on toolbox list, so you have to add this control on rightclick on tool box and select option choose item as shown in below picture.

After this you will get another window for choosing toolbox item go to COM component panel and check window media player item and then click ok button. This control will add on your Visual Studio Framework toolbox list.

Now you can drag and drop window media player control from toolbox list.

Code for playing a song on window media player.

private void Form1_Load(object sender, EventArgs e) { axWindowsMediaPlayer1.URL = @"D:\Documents and Settings\R4R\My Documents \Downloads\aakrosh02(www.songs.pk).mp3"; }

Dialog Controls

Code for New Button

private void newToolStripMenuItem_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { if (richTextBox1.Modified) { DialogResult result = MessageBox.Show("Do you wish

to Save changes?", "Save Changes", MessageBoxButtons.YesNoCancel); if (result == DialogResult.Yes) saveToolStripMenuItem_Click(sender, e); else if (result == DialogResult.No) { richTextBox1.Text = ""; } if (result == DialogResult.Cancel) { } } }

Code For Open Button

private void openToolStripMenuItem_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { if (openFileDialog1.ShowDialog() == DialogResult.OK) { richTextBox1.LoadFile(openFileDialog1.FileName, RichTextBoxStreamType.PlainText); saveFileDialog1.FileName = openFileDialog1.FileName; } }

Code for Save Button

private void saveToolStripMenuItem_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { if (saveFileDialog1.FileName != "") { richTextBox1.SaveFile(saveFileDialog1.FileName, RichTextBoxStreamType.PlainText); } else { saveAsToolStripMenuItem_Click(sender, e); }

Code for Save As Button

private void saveAsToolStripMenuItem_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { if (saveFileDialog1.ShowDialog() == DialogResult.OK) { richTextBox1.SaveFile(saveFileDialog1.FileName, RichTextBoxStreamType.PlainText); } }

Code for Exit Button

private void exitToolStripMenuItem_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { if (richTextBox1.Modified) { DialogResult result = MessageBox.Show ("Do you wish to Save changes?", "Save Changes", MessageBoxButtons.YesNoCancel); if (result == DialogResult.Yes) saveToolStripMenuItem_Click(sender, e); else if (result == DialogResult.Cancel) { } } this.Close(); }

Code for Form Closing

private void Form1_FormClosing(object sender, FormClosingEventArgs e) { if (richTextBox1.Modified) { DialogResult result = MessageBox.Show("Do you wish to Save

changes?", "Save Changes", MessageBoxButtons.YesNoCancel); if (result == DialogResult.Yes) saveToolStripMenuItem_Click(sender, e); else if (result == DialogResult.Cancel) e.Cancel = true; } }

Printing Controls
These controls are used to take printing of documents whether in form of print screen or as printing in the content form . In following figure i tried to describe about these controls how you will use in your window application. For explaining this i had taken the previous example of dialog control, so lets proceed with printing controls.

Code for Print Preview- For performing this action first add namespaceusing System.Drawing.Printing; PrintDocument PrintDoc1 = new PrintDocument(); PrintPreviewDialog PrintPreviewDialog1 = new PrintPreviewDialog(); private void printToolStripMenuItem_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { PrintPreviewDialog1.Document = PrintDoc1; PrintDoc1.OriginAtMargins = true; //To set or Get the Position of a Graphic Object PrintDoc1.PrintPage += PDoc_PrintPage;

PrintPreviewDialog1.ShowDialog();

Create Method private void PDoc_PrintPage(object sender, PrintPageEventArgs e) { Bitmap bmp = new Bitmap(this.Width, this.Height); this.DrawToBitmap(bmp, this.ClientRectangle); this.DrawToBitmap(bmp, new Rectangle(0, 0, bmp.Width, bmp.Height)); //Takes the Snap of the Exact WindowForm size as Bitmap image e.Graphics.DrawImage(bmp, 0, 0); }

Code for taking Print

private void printToolStripMenuItem1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { } PrintDoc1.Print();

Data Controls
For understanding data controls design form like shown in below picture and take datagrid view control from toolbox. And add new database from solution explorer by choosing new item. Add namespace-

using System.Data.SqlClient; SqlConnection con = new SqlConnection(@"Data Source=.\SQLEXPRESS;AttachDbFilename= D:\Documents and Settings\R4R\My Documents\Visual Studio 2008\Projects\WindowsFormsApplication14 \WindowsFormsApplication14\r4r.mdf;Integrated Security=True;User Instance=True");

Now i want to insert record in database by clicking on insert button. Code for this is given belowCode for inserting Data in Database-

private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { SqlCommand com = new SqlCommand("insert into emp_detail values('"+textBox1.Text+ "','"+textBox2.Text+"','"+textBox3.Text+"','"+textBox4.Text+"','"+textBox5.Text+"')",con); con.Open(); com.ExecuteNonQuery(); con.Close(); }

Code for viewing the total record in DataGridview by clicking the view button

private void button4_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { SqlCommand com2 = new SqlCommand("select * from emp_detail",con); SqlDataAdapter da = new SqlDataAdapter(com2); DataSet ds = new DataSet(); con.Open(); da.Fill(ds, "emp_detail"); con.Close(); dataGridView1.DataSource = ds.Tables[0]; }

Code for Updating the record from dataGrid View.

string name, address, sal, cont; private void button2_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { foreach (DataGridViewRow row in dataGridView1.SelectedRows) { if (row.Index != dataGridView1.Rows.Count) { id = dataGridView1.SelectedRows[0].Cells[0].Value.ToString(); name= dataGridView1.SelectedRows[0].Cells[1].Value.ToString(); address = dataGridView1.SelectedRows[0].Cells[2].Value.ToString(); sal = dataGridView1.SelectedRows[0].Cells[3].Value.ToString(); cont = dataGridView1.SelectedRows[0].Cells[4].Value.ToString(); dataGridView1.Rows.RemoveAt(row.Index); } }

SqlCommand com3 = new SqlCommand ("update emp_detail set emp_name='"+name+"',emp_address='"+ address+"',emp_sal='"+sal+"',emp_cont='"+cont+"' where emp_id ='" + id + "'", con); con.Open(); com3.ExecuteNonQuery(); con.Close(); }

Code for Deleting the recording from Datagridview control-

private void button3_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { foreach (DataGridViewRow row in dataGridView1.SelectedRows) { if (row.Index != dataGridView1.Rows.Count) { id = dataGridView1.SelectedRows[0].Cells[0].Value.ToString(); dataGridView1.Rows.RemoveAt(row.Index); } } SqlCommand com3 = new SqlCommand("delete from emp_detail where emp_id ='"+id+"'",con); con.Open(); com3.ExecuteNonQuery(); con.Close(); }

Error Provider Control

This control provides a user interface that indicates to user that a control on a form has error associated with it. In other had it works as validation upon the controls to handle the error causes by inputting wrong by user. Drag this control as shown in below picture -

Adding error provider control on textbox for blank not allowWrite this code on textbox validating event- Output will shown in below picture if user leave name blank.

private void textBox1_Validating(object sender, CancelEventArgs e) {

ValidateName(); } private bool ValidateName() { bool bStatus = true; if (textBox1.Text == "") { errorProvider1.SetError(textBox1, "Please enter your Name"); bStatus = false; } else errorProvider1.SetError(textBox1, ""); return bStatus; }

Validating for age. For validating age i have covered three conditions for validate 1-If user leave this blank. 2-If entered age is less than 18. 3-If user input character value in place of numeric. Write this code on Textbox2 validating Event-

private void textBox2_Validating(object sender, CancelEventArgs e) { ValidateAge();

} private bool ValidateAge() { bool bStatus = true; if (textBox2.Text == "") { errorProvider1.SetError(textBox2, "Please enter your Age"); bStatus = false; } else { errorProvider1.SetError(textBox2, ""); try { int temp = int.Parse(textBox2.Text); errorProvider1.SetError(textBox2, ""); if (temp < 18) { errorProvider1.SetError(textBox2, "You must be atleast 18 years old to setup a test"); bStatus = false; } else { errorProvider1.SetError(textBox2, ""); } } catch { errorProvider1.SetError(textBox2, "Please enter your age as a number"); bStatus = false; } } return bStatus; }

Output of this error provider is shown below-

Using error provider control on DatetimePicker Control If user select weekend day for test then he will get error message- Like shown in below picture

private void dateTimePicker1_Validating(object sender, CancelEventArgs e) { ValidateTestDate(); } private bool ValidateTestDate() { bool bStatus = true; if ((dateTimePicker1.Value.DayOfWeek ==DayOfWeek.Sunday) || (dateTimePicker1.Value.DayOfWeek ==DayOfWeek.Saturday)) { errorProvider1.SetError (dateTimePicker1, "Appointment cannot be scheduled in the weekend. Please select a weekday"); bStatus = false; } else errorProvider1.SetError (dateTimePicker1, ""); return bStatus; }

Write above code on DatetimePicker Validating Event.

Help Provider
This control is used to provide pop-up and online help to user on pressing F1 key. Drag and Drop Help provider as show in below picture.

Code for using Help Provider- Write following code on Page load Event.

private void Form1_Load(object sender, EventArgs e) { helpProvider1.SetHelpString(textBox1,"Enter your Name "); helpProvider1.SetHelpString(textBox2, "Enter your Age"); helpProvider1.SetHelpString(dateTimePicker1,"Pich date for giving test"); }

You will get output as shown below picture on pressing F1 key.

Crystal Report
Crystal Report is used to generate the report of database for taking preview and printout of that particular data or report. Add crystal in your application by choosing new item you will get new window like below and select reporting => then crystal report.

You can customize report according to your choice by the use of CrystalReport toolbox. Choose database from field explorer window as shown below-

Now add fields in your report those you want to show in your report as shown below.

Drag and drop crystal report viewer from toolbox and set property that you want to customize your CrystalReport.

Code for to show crystal report Form- write following code on View CrystalReport Button.

private void linkLabel1_LinkClicked(object sender, LinkLabelLinkClickedEventArgs e) { Crystal c = new Crystal(); c.ShowDialog(); }

Code for calling CrystalReport- Write following code on CrystalReport Page load event.

private void Crystal_Load(object sender, EventArgs e) { CrystalReport1 cryRpt = new CrystalReport1(); cryRpt = new CrystalReport1(); cryRpt.Load("\\preview_invoice_report.rpt"); crystalReportViewer1.ReportSource = cryRpt; crystalReportViewer1.Refresh(); }

Report will generate as shown below-

Flow Layout Panel

The FlowLayoutPanel control is a container control where child controls are added, then dynamically repositioned to flow in a particular direction. The FlowLayoutPanel automatically positions all child controls in the direction indicated by the value of the FlowDirection property. Useful properties AutoScroll - This property when set to true, allows scroll bars to be displayed. BackColor - The background color of the Panel is defaulted to System.Drawing.SystemColors.Control, but this can be set to any color you like.

BackgroundImage - Instead of a single color, an image can be displayed as the background. BorderStyle - This property determines if the panel is outlined with no visible border (None), a plain line (FixedSingle), or a shadowed line (Fixed3D). Controls - Gets the collection of controls contained within the control. Enabled - If this property is set to false, the controls contained within the Panel will also be disabled. FlowDirection - Gets or sets a value indicating the flow direction of the FlowLayoutPanel control. This property takes a value from the FlowDirection enumeration, the default value is LeftToRight: BottomUp - Elements flow from the bottom of the design surface to the top. LeftToRight - Elements flow from the left edge of the design surface to the right. RightToLeft - Elements flow from the right edge of the design surface to the left. TopDown - Elements flow from the top of the design surface to the bottom. TabIndex - Gets or sets the tab order of the control within its container. TabStop - Gets or sets a value indicating whether the user can give the focus to this control using the TAB key. WrapContents - Gets or sets a value indicating whether the FlowLayoutPanel control should wrap its contents or let the contents be clipped. Useful methods GetFlowBreak - Returns a value that represents the flow-break setting of the FlowLayoutPanel control. SetFlowBreak - Sets the value that represents the flow-break setting of the FlowLayoutPanel control. Example- First drag and drop FloyLayout Panel and add controls like- label->textbox>label->textbox->button. You will see that your controls are adding from left to right because by default Flawlayout Panel Property i.e.. FlowDirection is left to right. So for understanding this i have taken one checkbox to make wrapping controls in Flow layout panel. By default it is false in Flow layout panel.

Code for check box event for wrapping control

private void checkBox1_CheckedChanged(object sender, EventArgs e) { flowLayoutPanel1.WrapContents = true; }

Table Layout Panel

The TableLayoutPanel control is a container control where child controls are added within a table structure. Each cell in the table contains a single control, unless a container such as a Panel is added first. Useful properties CellBorderStyle - This property determines if the cell is outlined with a border or not. A value from the TableLayoutPanelCellBorderStyle enumeration is required, the default value is None: Inset - A single-line sunken border. InsetDouble - A double-line sunken border. None - No borders.

Outset - A single-line raised border. Outset Double - A double-line raised border. OutsetPartial - A single-line border containing a raised portion. Single - A single-line border. ColumnCount - Determines the number of columns in the table. ColumnStyles - A collection of column styles, one for each column in the TableLayoutPanel control. Controls - Gets the collection of controls contained within the control. GrowStyle - Determines whether the control should expand to accommodate new cells when all existing cells are occupied. A value from the TableLayoutPanelGrowStyle enumeration is required, the default value is AddRows: AddColumns - The TableLayoutPanel gains additional columns after it is full. AddRows - The TableLayoutPanel gains additional rows after it is full. FixedSize - The TableLayoutPanel does not allow additional rows or columns after it is full. RowCount - Determines the number of rows in the table. RowStyles - A collection of row styles, one for each row in the TableLayoutPanel control.

Example

This dialog allows you to edit the SizeType property of each of the Columns and Rows in the TableLayoutPanel. The SizeType property determines how the Height (RowStyle) or Width (ColumnStyle) should be interpreted. A value from the SizeType enumeration is required, the default value is Percent: Absolute - The row or column should be sized to an exact number of pixels. AutoSize - The row or column should be automatically sized to share space with its peers. Percent - The row or column should be sized as a percentage of the parent container.

Adding a TableLayoutPanel manually

// Create TableLayoutPanel TableLayoutPanel tlp = new TableLayoutPanel(); // Set the BorderStyle to Inset tlp.CellBorderStyle = TableLayoutPanelCellBorderStyle.Inset; // Grid has two columns tlp.ColumnCount = 2;

// Grid has two rows tlp.RowCount = 2; // If grid is full add extra cells by adding column tlp.GrowStyle = TableLayoutPanelGrowStyle.AddColumns; // Padding (pixels)within each cell (left, top, right, bottom) tlp.Padding = new Padding(1, 1, 4, 5); // Add TableLayoutPanel to the Forms controls this.Controls.Add(tlp);

Adding controls manually Adding a control to a TableLayoutPanel at run time can be done in a couple of ways. Simply using the Add method with just the name of the control adds the control to the first available cell.

// Create buttons Button button1 = new Button(); button1.Text = "Click Me"; // Add buttons to TableLayoutPanel tlp.Controls.Add(button1);

Panel Control
The Panel control is a container for other controls, customarily used to group related controls. Panels are used to subdivide a form by function, giving the user a logical visual cue of control grouping. Useful properties AutoScroll - This property when set to true, allows scroll bars to be displayed. BackColor - The background color of the Panel is defaulted to System.Drawing.SystemColors.Control, but this can be set to any color you like. BackgroundImage - Instead of a single color, an image can be displayed as the background. BorderStyle - This property determines if the panel is outlined with no visible border (None), a plain line (FixedSingle), or a shadowed line (Fixed3D). Controls - Gets the collection of controls contained within the control. Enabled - if this property is set to false, the controls contained within the Panel will also be disabled. TabIndex - Gets or sets the tab order of the control within its container. (inherited from Control) TabStop - Gets or sets a value indicating whether the user can give the focus to this control using the TAB key.

Add a control to a Panel manually

public void CreateMyPanel() { Panel panel1 = new Panel(); TextBox textBox1 = new TextBox(); Label label1 = new Label(); // Initialize the Panel control. panel1.Location = new Point(56,72); panel1.Size = new Size(264, 152); // Set the Borderstyle for the Panel to three-dimensional.

panel1.BorderStyle System.Windows.Forms.BorderStyle.Fixed3D; // Initialize the Label and TextBox controls. label1.Location = new Point(16,16); label1.Text = "label1"; label1.Size = new Size(104, 16); textBox1.Location = new Point(16,32); textBox1.Text = ""; textBox1.Size = new Size(152, 20); // Add the Panel control to the form. this.Controls.Add(panel1); // Add the Label and TextBox controls to the Panel. panel1.Controls.Add(label1); panel1.Controls.Add(textBox1);

Split Container Control

This control is an advance window's control or it is an extended version of old splitter control. You can place it at form horizontally or vertically by specifying Orientation property each represents left/top and right/bottom panels respectively. The SplitContainer control can be thought of as a composite control; effectively it is two Panel controls separated by a movable bar (also known as a splitter bar). When the mouse pointer is over the bar, the pointer changes shape to show that the bar can be moved. Useful properties AutoScroll: This property when set to true, allows scroll bars to be displayed. BackColor: The background color of the SplitContainer is defaulted to System.Drawing.SystemColors.Control, but this can be set to any color you like. The whole of the SplitContainer changes color, however, each Panel can have its own background color. BackgroundImage: Instead of a single color, an image can be displayed as the background. The image only appears in the splitter bar. BorderStyle: This property determines if the panel is outlined with no visible border (None), a plain line (FixedSingle), or a shadowed line (Fixed3D). Dock: Determines which SplitContainer borders are attached to the edges of the container. When a SplitContainer control is dropped onto a container, this property defaults to Fill. FixedPanel: Determines which SplitContainer panel remains the same size when the container is resized. This property takes a value from the FixedPanel enumeration, the default value is None: None: Specifies that neither SplitContainer.Panel1, SplitContainer.Panel2 is fixed. A Control.Resize event affects both panels. Panel1: Specifies that SplitContainer.Panel1 is fixed. A Control.Resize event affects only SplitContainer.Panel2.

Panel2: Specifies that SplitContainer.Panel2 is fixed. A Control.Resize event affects only SplitContainer.Panel1. IsSplitterFixed: Gets or sets a value indicating whether the splitter is fixed or movable. Orientation:Gets or sets a value indicating the Horizontal or Vertical orientation of the SplitContainer panels. Panel1: Gets the left panel of a vertical SplitContainer or the top panel of a horizontal SplitContainer. When you click on this property in the IDE properties pane, you can edit the properties of the underlying Panel. Panel1Collapsed: Determines whether Panel1 is collapsed or expanded. When this value is true, Panel1 is hidden and Panel2 expands to fill the SplitContainer. This property is mutually exclusive with Panel2Collapsed. Panel1MinSize: Determines the minimum distance in pixels of the splitter from the left or top edge of Panel1. Panel2: Gets the right panel of a vertical SplitContainer or the bottom panel of a horizontal SplitContainer. When you click on this property in the IDE properties pane, you can edit the properties of the underlying Panel. Panel2Collapsed: Determines whether Panel2 is collapsed or expanded. When this value is true, Panel2 is hidden and Panel1 expands to fill the SplitContainer. This property is mutually exclusive with Panel1Collapsed. Panel2MinSize: Determines the minimum distance in pixels of the splitter from the right or bottom edge of Panel2. SplitterDistance: Determines the location of the splitter, in pixels, from the left (Orientation = Vertical) or top (Orientation = Horizontal) edge of the SplitContainer. SplitterIncrement: Gets or sets a value representing the increment of splitter movement in pixels. SplitterRectangle: Gets the size and location of the splitter relative to the SplitContainer. SplitterWidth: Determines the width of the splitter in pixels.

Month Calendar DateTimePicker

DateTimePicker and

DateTimePicker is ideal for choosing a single date and/or time value and requires the same amount of space as an ordinary drop-down list box. When the user clicks the drop-down button, a month calendar appears. The operation of the control from this point is exactly the same as the MonthCalendar control.

Useful properties BackColor - Indicates the background color of the DateTimePicker control. CustomFormat - Determines the custom date/time format string. DropDownAlign - Determines the alignment of the drop-down calendar on the DateTimePicker control. Takes a value of either Left or Right. ForeColor - Indicates the foreground color of the DateTimePicker control. Format - Determines the format of the date and time displayed in the control. MaxDate - Determines the maximum date and time that can be selected in the control. MaximumDateTime - Gets the maximum date value allowed for the DateTimePicker control. MinDate - Determines the minimum date and time that can be selected in the control. MinimumDateTime - Gets the minimum date value allowed for the DateTimePicker control. ShowCheckBox - Indicates whether a check box is displayed to the left of the selected date. ShowUpDown - Indicates whether a spin button control (also known as an up-down control) is used to adjust the date/time value. Value - Determines the date/time value assigned to the control.

Month Calendar The MonthCalendar control presents an intuitive graphical interface for users to view and set date information.

Useful properties AnnuallyBoldedDates - Determines the array of DateTime objects that determines which annual days are displayed in bold. BoldedDates - Contains the array of DateTime objects that determines which nonrecurring dates are displayed in bold. CalendarDimensions - Determines the number of columns and rows of months displayed. You can have multiple months displayed horizontally and vertically. FirstDayOfWeek - Determines the first day of the week as displayed in the month calendar. By default, Sunday is shown as the first day of the week. MaxDate - Determines the maximum allowable date. MaxSelectionCount - Determines the maximum number of days that can be selected in a month calendar control. MinDate - Determines the minimum allowable date. MonthlyBoldedDates - Contains the array of DateTime objects that determine which monthly days to bold. SelectionEnd - Determines the end date of the selected range of dates. SelectionRange - Determines the selected range of dates for a month calendar control. SelectionStart - Determines the start date of the selected range of dates. ShowToday - Indicates whether the date represented by the TodayDate property is displayed at the bottom of the control. ShowTodayCircle - Indicates whether today's date is identified with a circle or square. ShowWeekNumbers - Indicates whether the month calendar control displays week numbers (1-52) to the left of each row of days. SingleMonthSize - Gets the minimum size to display one month of the calendar. TitleBackColor - Indicates the background color of the title area of the calendar. TitleForeColor - Indicates the foreground color of the title area of the calendar. TodayDate - Determines the value that is used by MonthCalendar as today's date.

TodayDateSet - Gets a value indicating whether the TodayDate property has been explicitly set. TrailingForeColor - Indicates the color of days in months that are not fully displayed in the control.

Example

Code for DateTime Picker Control

private void EventArgs e) {

dateTimePicker1_ValueChanged(object

sender,

label1.Text = "DateTimePicker Date: " + dateTimePicker1.Text; }

Code for Month Calendar Control

private void monthCalendar1_DateChanged(object sender, DateRangeEventArgs e) {

label2.Text = "Month monthCalendar1.SelectionStart.ToLongDateString(); }

Calender

Date

"

NumericUpDown Control
This control is a simple way to give the user a way to select a number that falls between a minimum and a maximum value. The numeric value can be incremented or decremented by clicking the up or down buttons of the control. The user can also enter in a value. NumericUpDown control is controlled by four integer properties: Minimum, Maximum- Both defines the minimum and maximum values of the control ValueThis shows the current value of the control. Increment- The Increment property defines the amount by which the current value is incremented or decremented when the user clicks the up or down arrow buttons.

ValueChanged Event This event occurs Value property can be changed in code, by clicking the up or down button, or by the user entering a new value that is read by the control. The new value is read when the user hits the ENTER key or navigates away from the control. If the user enters a new value and then clicks the up or down button, the ValueChanged event will occur twice.

ProgressBar and Timer Control

For explaining Progressbar control we have link it with event so that the value of progress bar can increase, so here i have chosen timer control. And the the value of progressbar control is increment with timer control tick event. Progress bar control is used to hide the backend process so that user can aware of time consumed by back process of that application.

Code for Timer Control Tick Event

private void timer1_Tick(object sender, EventArgs e) { progressBar1.Visible = true; progressBar1.Value = progressBar1.Value + 5; label3.Visible = true; label3.Text = "Please Wait While we are checking Authentication..."; if (progressBar1.Value == progressBar1.Maximum) { if ((textBox1.Text == "r4r") && (textBox2.Text == "r4r")) { timer1.Enabled = false;

progressBar1.Visible = false; label3.Text = "Welcome!! you are Authorised User."; progressBar1.Enabled = false; progressBar1.Value = 0; groupBox1.Visible = false; } else { progressBar1.Enabled = false; timer1.Enabled = false; progressBar1.Visible = false; progressBar1.Value = 0; label3.Text = "Sorry!! Username or Password is Wrong.";

} }

Make Progressbar Control Visible Property "false". Make timer enabled property true on "OK" button click.

private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { timer1.Enabled = true; }

ToolTip Control
ToolTip Control Provides the information to user when user moves mouse pointer over control. Like shown in below picture.

Adding ToolTip on Controls Step-1: Drap and drop tooltip control from toolbox to your form in which you want to add .

Step-2: Set the property of ToolTip as shown in below picture.

Step-3: Add tool tip on control in which you want to add. in above picture i have added ToolTip on textbox control. For this just simple type text on tooltip on ToolTip1 control: " Enter user name". Like in below picture.

TreeView Control
TreeView Control is used for showing hierarchical structured data visually e.g.. XML. Example for TreeView Control In shown Below -This is image of Explorer in Windows that show files and folder in tree view.

Working With TreeView Control Drag and drop TreeView Control from toolbox, Like shown in below image.

In following example I have taken a tree list view of colleges name for this i have taken ContextMenuChild and Parent for adding nodes. And you can also add by on clicking add child button and add sibling event. Code for Add Child is given Below

private void buttonAddChild_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e) { if (textBox1.Text != "") AddChildToTheNode(); else { MessageBox.Show("Enter the Node Text to be added"); textBox1.Focus(); } } private void AddChildToTheNode() { TreeNode tnode = new TreeNode(textBox1.Text); treeView1.SelectedNode.Nodes.Add(tnode); treeView1.ExpandAll(); if (treeView1.SelectedNode.Nodes.Count > 1 && treeView1.SelectedNode.ForeColor != Color.Blue) treeView1.SelectedNode.ForeColor = Color.Brown; }

Code for Menu Item Click

private void menuItem2_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e) { if (textBox1.Text != "")

AddChildToTheNode(); else { MessageBox.Show("Enter the Node Text to be added"); textBox1.Focus(); } }

Code for Add Sibling

private void btnAddSibling_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e) { if (textBox1.Text != "") AddSiblingToTheNode(); else { MessageBox.Show("Enter the Node Text to be added"); textBox1.Focus(); } } private void AddSiblingToTheNode() { TreeNode tnode = new TreeNode(textBox1.Text); tnode.ForeColor = Color.Brown; treeView1.SelectedNode.Parent.Nodes.Add(tnode); }

Code For Deleting Child and Sibling.

private void buttonDeleteParent_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e) { DeleteNode(); } private void DeleteNode() { if (treeView1.SelectedNode.Nodes.Count == 0) treeView1.SelectedNode.Remove(); else MessageBox.Show("First Remove all the child nodes"); }

Menus and ToolBar Controls

In this category following controls comes-

MenuStrip ToolStrip controls ContextMenusStrip StatusStrip

MenuStrip Control Useful properties

AllowItemReorder (Inherited from ToolStrip) - Gets or sets a value indicating whether drag-and-drop and item reordering are handled privately by the MenuStrip class. Set the property to true to allow reordering. At run time, the user holds down

the ALT key and the left mouse button to drag a ToolStripMenuItem to a different location on the MenuStrip. AllowMerge (Inherited from ToolStrip) - When enabled, this property allows multiple-document interface (MDI) children to combine their respective menus in the MDI parent. Dock - Gets or sets which edge of the parent container a MenuStrip is docked to. LayoutStyle - Gets or sets a value indicating how the MenuStrip lays out its items. Padding (Inherited from Control) - Gets or sets the control's internal spacing characteristics. The default values for Padding are reasonably close to Windows user interface guidelines. RenderMode - Gets or sets the painting styles to be applied to the MenuStrip. TextDirection (Inherited from ToolStrip) - Allows the text to be rotated within the button. The property takes one of four values contained in the ToolStripTextDirection enumeration. Horizontal - Specifies horizontal text orientation. Inherit - Specifies that the text direction is inherited from the parent control. (Default state) Vertical270 - Specifies that text is to be rotated 270 degrees clockwise. Vertical90 - Specifies that text is to be rotated 90 degrees clockwise.

ToolStrip Control The ToolStrip is a container for holding different types of controls that are derived from ToolStripItem. In the example that we just created, the ToolStrip holds a selection of buttons which are instances of ToolStripButton. Other items that can be held within the ToolStrip are:

ToolStripSplitButton ToolStripDropDownButton ToolStripLabel ToolStripProgressBar ToolStripSeparator ToolStripComboBox ToolStripTextBox

A ToolStrip appears by default as Office-style with a flat look. Windows XP themes are supported however the painting of the control may be overridden. Adding standard Items in ToolStrip

ContextMenusStrip Control Applications use two kinds of menusmain menus and context menus. Context menus are "pop up" menus that provide additional options, usually when the user right-clicks a part of the window. Adding Menus in ContextMenusStrip

At runtime, your ContextMenusStrip wont appear. You have two choices to display it. The easiest approach is to associate it with another control by setting the Control.ContextMenuStrip property to your ContextMenusStrip object. When the user rightclicks the control, your context menu appears automatically. As shown in Picture

Background Worker Control

The BackgroundWorker Component allows a form to run an operation asynchronously. This is very useful when we deal with such kind of operations as database transactions, image downloads etc.

Adding DoWork The DoWork method is like any other event handler. Here we must look at the C# view of your file, where we will see the DoWork method. You should see that the backgroundWorker1_DoWork event is generated when you double-click on DoWork. For testing, let's add a Thread.Sleep command there. The Thread.Sleep method will pause the execution of the BackgroundWorker, but does not consume the entire CPU.

Code For DoWork Event is Given Below

private void backgroundWorker1_DoWork(object sender, DoWorkEventArgs e) { TestObject argumentTest = e.Argument as TestObject; Thread.Sleep(100); argumentTest.OneValue = 12;

argumentTest.TwoValue = 14; e.Result = argumentTest; }

public Form1() { InitializeComponent(); InitializeComponent(); TestObject test = new TestObject { OneValue = 15, TwoValue = 4 }; backgroundWorker1.RunWorkerAsync(test); } class TestObject { public int OneValue { get; set; } public int TwoValue { get; set; } }

Creating Slice Chart in windows using C#

Introduction: In C# with the help of GDI classes we can design or draw charts or graphs is a very efficient manner in our projects. Charts are the pictorial representation of the data through chart one can easily judge or see the ups and down or profit loss in other words we can say we can show the groth rate of any business through chart. Slice Charts are consider as cutting a cake into slices based on the weight. In this chart, angle of slice is linearly proportional to weight. With the help of FillPie() method slice chart can be designed. Void FillPie(Brush brush, int x,int y, int width,int height, int startAngle, int sweepAngle)

FillPie function is used to fill as ellipse if sweep angle is 360. To make it a circle, we make height and width both equal to diameter of circle. Brush brush: It is a brush object used to fill the Pie. Int x: x co-ordinate of upper left corner of the bounding rectangle that defines the ellipse from which the pie section comes. So if the x co-ordinate of center of our circle is x0 and radius is r: - x = x0 r; Int y: Same as x- co-ordinate. y = y0 r;

Int width: Width of bounding rectangle that defines the ellipse from which the pie section comes. width = 2*radius; Int startAngle: Angle in degrees measured clockwise from the x-axis to the first side of the pie section. So we start with 0 degrees and increment it with the sweepAngle for the next slice to start right after the end of previous slice. Int sweepAngle: Angle in degrees measured clockwise from the startAngle parameter to the second side of pie section. So this is span of angle based on weight. So 360 degrees is proportionally divided into 8 parts based on the weight. Example: To draw slice chart we have to take an array named alweight. Code for on Form Load:

private void Form1_Load(object sender, EventArgs e) { alWeight = new int[] { 13, 23, 33, 15, 20, 10, 4, 11 }; }

Code for DrawSliceChart method

private void DrawSliceChart(PaintEventArgs e, int[] alWeight) { int numberOfSections = alWeight.Length; int x0 = 100; int y0 = 100; int radius = 100; int startAngle = 0; int sweepAngle = 0; int[] height = new int[numberOfSections]; int total = SumOfArray(alWeight); Random rnd = new Random(); SolidBrush brush = new SolidBrush(Color.Aquamarine); Pen pen = new Pen(Color.Black); for (int i = 0; i < numberOfSections; i++) { brush.Color = Color.FromArgb(rnd.Next(200, 255), rnd.Next(255), rnd.Next(255), rnd.Next(255)); if (i == numberOfSections - 1) sweepAngle = 360 - startAngle; else sweepAngle = (360 * alWeight[i]) / total; e.Graphics.FillPie(brush, x0 - height[i], y0 - height[i], 2 * radius, 2 * radius, startAngle, sweepAngle); e.Graphics.DrawPie(pen, x0 - height[i], y0 - height[i], 2

* radius, 2 * radius, startAngle, sweepAngle); startAngle += sweepAngle; brush.Color = Color.FromKnownColor(KnownColor.Black); } }

Code for SumofArray method

private static int SumOfArray(int[] intArray) { int sum = 0; for (int i = 0; i < intArray.Length; i++) { } } sum += intArray[i];

return sum;

Difference between FillPie( ) and DrawPie( ) The only difference between DrawPie and FillPie is that it takes Pen object instead of Brush. Calling DrawSliceChart Method

private void Form1_Paint_1(object sender, PaintEventArgs e) { DrawSliceChart(e, alWeight); }

Introduction of Socket
A Socket is an End-Point for communication link between two programs (Server Program and Client Program ) running on the same network .Socket is bidirectional. We have to write two programs for implementing a socket application in C#. Server Socket Program ( Server ) Client Socket Program ( Client ) .

In C# network programming can be done by using namespaces like System.Net and System.Net.Sockets . The classes and methods of these namespaces can communicate across the network. The communication can be either connection oriented or connectionless. They can also be either stream oriented or data-gram based. Server Socket Program- Server program running on a computer has a socket that bound to a Port Number on the same computer and listening to the client's incoming requests. Client Socket Program- Client program have to know the IP Address ( Hostname ) of the computer that the C# Server Socket Program resides and the Port Number assign for listening for client's request .

Code for Server Socket Program

using System; using System.Net.Sockets; using System.Text; namespace ConsoleApplication1 { class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { TcpListener serverSocket = new TcpListener(8888); int requestCount = 0; TcpClient clientSocket = default(TcpClient); serverSocket.Start(); Console.WriteLine(" >> Server Started"); clientSocket = serverSocket.AcceptTcpClient(); Console.WriteLine(" >> Accept connection from client"); requestCount = 0; while ((true)) { try { requestCount = requestCount + 1; NetworkStream networkStream = clientSocket.GetStream(); byte[] bytesFrom = new byte[10025]; networkStream.Read(bytesFrom, 0, (int)clientSocket.ReceiveBufferSize); string dataFromClient = System.Text.Encoding.ASCII.GetString(bytesFrom); dataFromClient = dataFromClient.Substring(0, dataFromClient.IndexOf("$")); Console.WriteLine(" >> Data from client - " + dataFromClient); string serverResponse = "Server response " + Convert.ToString(requestCount);

Byte[] sendBytes = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(serverResponse); networkStream.Write(sendBytes, 0, sendBytes.Length); networkStream.Flush(); Console.WriteLine(" >> " + serverResponse); } catch (Exception ex) { Console.WriteLine(ex.ToString()); } } clientSocket.Close(); serverSocket.Stop(); Console.WriteLine(" >> exit"); Console.ReadLine();

} } }

Code for Client Socket Program For creating Client design a Client using windows application. Server is console application but client is windows application. Server will give response when client request to sending data or connecting with server.

using using using using using using using using using using

System; System.Collections.Generic; System.ComponentModel; System.Data; System.Drawing; System.Linq; System.Text; System.Windows.Forms; System.Windows.Forms; System.Net.Sockets;

namespace New_Client { public partial class Form1 : Form { System.Net.Sockets.TcpClient clientSocket = new System.Net.Sockets.TcpClient(); public Form1() { InitializeComponent(); } private void Form1_Load(object sender, EventArgs e) { msg("Client Started"); clientSocket.Connect("127.0.0.1", 8888); }

public void msg(string mesg) { textBox1.Text = textBox1.Text + Environment.NewLine + " >> " + mesg; } private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { NetworkStream serverStream = clientSocket.GetStream(); byte[] outStream = System.Text.Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes("Message from Client$"); serverStream.Write(outStream, 0, outStream.Length); serverStream.Flush(); byte[] inStream = new byte[10025]; serverStream.Read(inStream, 0, (int)clientSocket.ReceiveBufferSize); string returndata = System.Text.Encoding.ASCII.GetString(inStream); msg("Data from Server : " + returndata); } } }

First execute the Server Socket Program and then Client Socket Program as shown in above pictures-

On Click to button "Send data to server" the data will send to server.

Creating Bar Chart in windows using C#

Introduction: For making bar chart we will make use of DrawRectangle in built function. because we have to first create a big rectangle defining the boundary of bar graphs. Parameters of DrawRectangle is : 1. Pen This defines the color and style of border 2. Rectangle Rectangle object to be created Rectangle(int x, int y, int width,int height) X and y are the co-ordinates of top left corner of rectangle. Width and height are width and height of rectangle.

Height = (weight of current array element *height of outer rectangle )/ maximum weight. X coordinate is incremented by width of bars everytime a new bar is created. Y co-ordinate is calculated by the following formula: y = y coordinate of outer rectangle + height of outer rectangle height of bar Code for DrawBarChart

private void DrawBarChart(PaintEventArgs e, int[] alWeight)

int numberOfSections = alWeight.Length; int lengthArea = 330; int heightArea = 280; int topX = 20; int topY = 20; int maxWeight = MaxValue(alWeight); int[] height = new int[numberOfSections]; int total = SumOfArray(alWeight); Random rnd = new Random(); SolidBrush brush = new SolidBrush(Color.Aquamarine); Pen pen = new Pen(Color.Gray); Rectangle rec = new Rectangle(topX, topY, lengthArea, heightArea); e.Graphics.DrawRectangle(pen, rec); pen.Color = Color.Black; int smallX = topX; int smallY = 0; int smallLength = (lengthArea / alWeight.Length); int smallHeight = 0; for (int i = 0; i < numberOfSections; i++) { brush.Color = Color.FromArgb(rnd.Next(200, 255), rnd.Next(255), rnd.Next(255), rnd.Next(255)); smallHeight = ((alWeight[i] * heightArea) / maxWeight); smallY = topY + heightArea - smallHeight; Rectangle rectangle = new Rectangle (smallX, smallY, smallLength, smallHeight); e.Graphics.DrawRectangle(pen, rectangle); e.Graphics.FillRectangle(brush, rectangle); brush.Color = Color.FromKnownColor(KnownColor.Black); e.Graphics.DrawRectangle(pen, rectangle); smallX = smallX + smallLength; } }

What is DLL?
A dynamic linking library (DLL) is linked to your program at run time. DLL is similar to an EXE but is not directly executable. Functions in the dll are called from the main exe. It provides a way to split what would be a very large exe into an exe plus one or more dlls. Creating DLL in C# To creating DLL in C# just follow next stepsGoto File -> New Project then choose Class Library you will see window like below.

Here i am going to show DLL for addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. Code for this is given below-

using using using using

System; System.Collections.Generic; System.Linq; System.Text;

namespace ClassLibrary1 { public class Class1 { public int add(int x,int y) { int z = x + y; return z;

} public int sub(int x, int y)

{ int z = x - y; return z; } public int mul(int x, int y) { int z = x * y; return z; } public int div(int x, int y) { int z = x / y; return z; } } }

After this Build this class by pressing F6 and dll will generate this class library now you can use this in any other application where you want to use this dll. Using DLL in C# Application For using DLL in application you have to make add reference of the dll that you

Design the form as shown in below picture -

private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { ClassLibrary1.Class1 c1 = new Class1(); int result= c1.add(int.Parse(textBox1.Text),int.Parse(textBox2.Text)); textBox3.Text = result.ToString(); }

private void button2_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { ClassLibrary1.Class1 c2 = new Class1(); int result = c2.sub(int.Parse(textBox1.Text), int.Parse(textBox2.Text)); textBox3.Text = result.ToString(); } private void button3_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { ClassLibrary1.Class1 c3 = new Class1(); int result = c3.mul(int.Parse(textBox1.Text), int.Parse(textBox2.Text)); textBox3.Text = result.ToString(); } private void button4_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { ClassLibrary1.Class1 c4 = new Class1(); int result = c4.div(int.Parse(textBox1.Text), int.Parse(textBox2.Text)); textBox3.Text = result.ToString(); }

Introduction of GDI(Graphics Design Interface)

GDI (Graphics Design Interface) through which we can design rectangle, circle, and more shapes with the help of programming of classes and methods. Like other languages C# also provides rich set of classes, methods and events for developing applications with graphical capabilities.

GDI+ GDI+ is the advance evolution of GDI. Microsoft has taken care of most of the GDI problems and have made it easy to use with GDI+. GDI+ resides in System.Drawing.dll assembly. All GDI+ classes are reside in the System.Drawing, System.Text, System.Printing, System.Internal , System.Imaging, System.Drawing2D and System.Design namespaces.

Graphics ClassesThe Graphics class encapsulates GDI+ drawing surfaces. Before drawing any object (for example circle, or rectangle) we have to create a surface using Graphics class. Generally we use Paint event of a Form to get the reference of the graphics. Another way is to override OnPaint method.

protected override void OnPaint(PaintEventArgs e) { Graphics g = e.Graphics; } Some Graphics Class's Methods DrawArc ( ) Draws an arc from the specified ellipse. DrawBezier( ) Draws a cubic bezier curve. DrawBeziers ( ) Draws a series of cubic Bezier curves. DrawClosedCurve( Draws a closed curve defined by an ) array of points. Draws a curve defined by an array of DrawCurve ( ) points. DrawEllipse( ) Draws an ellipse. DrawImage ( ) Draws an image. DrawLine ( ) Draws a line. Draws the lines and curves defined by a DrawPath( ) GraphicsPath. DrawPie ( ) Draws the outline of a pie section. DrawPolygon( ) Draws the outline of a polygon. DrawRectangle( ) Draws the outline of a rectangle. DrawString ( ) Draws a string. Fills the interior of an ellipse defined by a FillEllipse ( ) bounding rectangle. FillPath( ) Fills the interior of a path. FillPie ( ) Fills the interior of a pie section. Fills the interior of a polygon defined by FillPolygon( ) an array of points.

Fills the interior of a rectangle with a Brush. Fills the interiors of a series of rectangles FillRectangles ( ) with a Brush. FillRegion( ) Fills the interior of a Region. FillRectangle ( ) For making GDI+ application you have to first add Reference of System.Drawing.Dll like shown in below picture.

After this you have to add two namespaces -

using System.Drawing; using System.Drawing.Drawing2D;

Graphics ObjectsWith the help of Graphics object, you can draw lines, fill shapes, draw text and more. The major objects are given belowPen Used to draw lines and polygons, including rectangles, arcs, and pies.

Brush Color Font

Used to fill enclosed surfaces with patterns,colors, or bitmaps. Used to describe the color used to render a particular object. In GDI+ color can be alpha blended. Used to describe the font to be used to render text.

Pen Class- A pen draws a line of specified width and style. You can initialize Pen with a color or brush. Initializes a new instance of the Pen class with the specified color. public Pen(Color); Initializes a new instance of the Pen class with the specified Brush. public Pen(Brush); Initializes a new instance of the Pen class with the specified Brush and width. public Pen(Brush, float); Initializes a new instance of the Pen class with the specified Color and Width. public Pen(Color, float); ExamplePen pn = new Pen( Color.Blue ); or Pen pn = new Pen( Color.Blue, 150 ); Properties of Pen Alignment Gets or sets the alignment for objects drawn with this Pen. Brush Gets or sets the Brush that determines attributes of this Pen. Color Gets or sets the color of this Pen. Width Gets or sets the width of this Pen. Color Class: A Color represents an ARGB color. Properties of color is given below A Gets the alpha component value for this Color. B Gets the blue component value for this Color. G Gets the green component value for this Color. R Gets the red component value for this Color. ExamplePen pn = new Pen( Color.Blue ); Font Class- The Font class defines a particular format for text such as font type, size, and style attributes.

//Initializes a new instance of the Font class with the specified attributes. public Font(string, float);

//Initializes a new instance of the Font class from the specified existing Font and FontStyle. public Font(Font, FontStyle); ExampleFont font = new Font("Times New Roman", 26); Brush Class-

The Brush class is an abstract base class and cannot be instantiated. We always use its derived classes to instantiate a brush object, like SolidBrush TextureBrush RectangleGradientBrush LinearGradientBrush.

ExampleLinearGradientBrush lBrush = new LinearGradientBrush(rect, Color.Red, Color.Yellow, LinearGradientMode.BackwardDiagonal);

Example of Drawing a Rectangle

protected override void OnPaint(PaintEventArgs pe) { Graphics gcs = pe.Graphics; Rectangle rect = new Rectangle(30, 30, 230, 200); LinearGradientBrush lBrush = new LinearGradientBrush(rect, Color.Bisque, Color.DarkMagenta, LinearGradientMode.BackwardDiagonal); gcs.FillRectangle(lBrush, rect); }

How to Access IP Address of LAN Connected Computers

In C# with the help of Namespace System.Net.Sockets and System.Net we can build an application through which we can find ID address of the machine connected with LAN. Program code is given belowSystem.Net.IPHostEntry - Provides a container class for internet host address information . Dns.Resolve("strhostname")- Resolve a DNS hostname or IP Address to an System.Net.IPHostEntry instance. Console.ReadKey()- Obtains the next character or function key pressed by the user. The pressed key is optimally displayed in the console window.

using System; using System.Net; using System.Net.Sockets; class GTest { public static void Main() { string strHost; Console.Write("Input host : "); strHost = Console.ReadLine(); IPHostEntry IPHost = Dns.Resolve(strHost); Console.WriteLine(IPHost.HostName); IPAddress[] address = IPHost.AddressList; Console.WriteLine("List IP {0} :", IPHost.HostName); for (int i = 0; i < address.Length; i++) // output list of IP address Console.WriteLine(address[i]);

} }

Console.ReadKey();

IP Address of Machine-02

IP Address of Machine-01

How to get IP Address of Websites in C# application

In C# with the help of Namespace System.Net.Sockets and System.Net we can build an application through which we can find ID address of the websites. Program code is given belowIPHostEntry - Provides a container class for internet host address information . Dns.GetHostEntry("Hostname")- Resolve a DNS hostname or IP Address to an System.Net.IPHostEntry instance.

using System; using System.Net; using System.Net.Sockets; class ip { public static void Main() { String HostName ; Console.WriteLine("Enter Web Address:"); HostName = Console.ReadLine(); Console.WriteLine("Looking up: {0}", HostName); IPHostEntry NameToIpAddress; NameToIpAddress = Dns.GetHostEntry(HostName); int AddressCount = 0; foreach (IPAddress Address in NameToIpAddress.AddressList) Console.WriteLine("IP Address {0}: {1}", + +AddressCount, Address.ToString()); Console.ReadLine(); } }

IP Address of Gmail.com

IP Address of Facebook.com

Creating Line Chart in windows using C#

Introduction- For making Line Chart, we have to first create boundary with DrawRectangle using built function. then we will decide on which points to draw the line.

Code for Draw Line Chart

private void DrawLineChart(PaintEventArgs e, int[] alWeight) { int numberOfSections = alWeight.Length; int lengthArea = 300; int heightArea = 200; int topX = 35; int topY = 90; int maxWeight = MaxValue(alWeight); int[] height = new int[numberOfSections]; int total = SumOfArray(alWeight); Random rnd = new Random(); SolidBrush brush = new SolidBrush(Color.Aquamarine); Pen pen = new Pen(Color.Gray); Rectangle rec = new Rectangle(topX, topY, lengthArea, heightArea); e.Graphics.DrawRectangle(pen, rec); pen.Color = Color.Black; int smallX = topX; int smallY = 0; int smallLength = (lengthArea / (alWeight.Length + 1)); int smallHeight = 0; Point p1 = new Point(); Point p2 = new Point(); for (int i = 0; i < numberOfSections; i++) { brush.Color = Color.FromArgb(rnd.Next(200, 255), rnd.Next(255), rnd.Next(255), rnd.Next(255)); p1 = p2; p2.X = p2.X + smallLength; smallHeight = ((alWeight[i] * heightArea) / maxWeight); p2.Y = topY + heightArea - smallHeight; if (p1.X != 0 && p1.Y != 0) { e.Graphics.DrawLine(pen, p1, p2); } DrawDots(e, p2); smallX = smallX + smallLength;

} }

Code for Drawing Dots

private void DrawDots(PaintEventArgs e, Point p1) { Pen pen = new Pen(Color.SeaGreen);

e.Graphics.DrawPie(pen, p1.X - 5, p1.Y - 5, 10, 10, 0, 360); e.Graphics.FillPie(new SolidBrush(Color.Purple), p1.X - 5, p1.Y 5, 10, 10, 0, 360); }

Code for Calculating Max Value and Sum of Array

private static int MaxValue(int[] intArray) { int maxVal = intArray[0]; for (int i = 0; i < intArray.Length; i++) { if (intArray[i] > maxVal) maxVal = intArray[i]; } return maxVal; } __________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________ private static int SumOfArray(int[] intArray) { int sum = 0; for (int i = 0; i < intArray.Length; i++) { sum += intArray[i]; } return sum; }

Creating Pie Chart in windows using C#

Introduction: Pie Chart is another chart which also uses the buil in functions. In this chart, angle of slice remains the same for all slices but the radius varies based on the weight. For this we first find out maximum weight MaxWeight. Then MaxWeight will be equal to the radius and other slices will have radius proportionally lesser then MaxWeight. let weight is 30MaxWeight = 30; width = (30*radius)/MaxWeight; sweepAngle = 360/TotalNumberOfWeights;

startAngle will start from 0 and is incremented by sweepAngle. - startAngle += sweepAngle; Code for DrawPie Chart

private void DrawPieChart(PaintEventArgs e, int[] alWeight) { int numberOfSections = alWeight.Length; int x0 = 180; int y0 = 120; int radius = 200; int startAngle = 0;

int sweepAngle = 360 / numberOfSections; int[] height = new int[numberOfSections]; int maxWeight = MaxValue(alWeight); Random rnd = new Random(10); SolidBrush brush = new SolidBrush(Color.Aquamarine); Pen pen = new Pen(Color.Black); for (int i = 0; i < numberOfSections; i++) { height[i] = ((Convert.ToInt32(alWeight[i])) * radius) / maxWeight; brush.Color = Color.FromArgb(rnd.Next(200, 255), rnd.Next(255), rnd.Next(255), rnd.Next(255)); e.Graphics.FillPie(brush, x0 - height[i], y0 height[i], 2 * height[i], 2 * height[i], (startAngle + i * 45), sweepAngle); e.Graphics.DrawPie(pen, x0 - height[i], y0 height[i], 2 * height[i], 2 * height[i], (startAngle + i * 45), sweepAngle); } }

Code for Calculating MaxValue

private static int MaxValue(int[] intArray) { int maxVal = intArray[0]; for (int i = 0; i < intArray.Length; i+ +) { if (intArray[i] > maxVal) maxVal = intArray[i]; } return maxVal; }

Calling DrawPieChart Method

private void Form1_Paint_1(object sender, PaintEventArgs e) { DrawPieChart(e, alWeight); }

How to make Setup of Windows Application

With the help of setup one can access your application with using .net framework and application source code. You can give this setup for using your application. Here some steps are given below for making setup windows applicationHere i have taken application of error provider-

Step-1:

Step-2: You will get window like below and choose setup project, give name that you want.

Step-3: you will get window like below.

Step-4:

Step-5:

Step-6:

Step-7: Add exe of current project.

Step-8: Create two shortcut of this exe and insert one into User's Desktop folder and another into User's Programs Menu folder. Step-9: Now right click on Setup and choose Build.

Final Step- Now you can install your project. You can find your setup in your current project folder.

Synchronization in C#
Introduction of Synchronization- Synchronization is particularly important when threads access the same data; its surprisingly easy to run aground in this area. Synchronization constructs can be divided into four categories: Simple blocking methods Locking constructs Signaling constructs No blocking synchronization constructs

Synchronization in Threads- Synchronization is needed in thread when we have multiple threads that share data, we need to provide synchronized access to the data. We have to deal with synchronization issues related to concurrent access to variables and objects accessible by multiple threads at the same time.

using System; using System.Threading; namespace CSharpThreadExample { class Program {

static void Main(string[] arg) { Console.WriteLine("-----> Multiple Threads ---->"); Printer p=new Printer(); Thread[] Threads=new Thread[3]; for(int i=0;i<3;i++) { Threads[i]=new Thread(new ThreadStart(p.PrintNumbers)); Threads[i].Name="Child "+i; } foreach(Thread t in Threads) t.Start(); } Console.ReadLine();

} class Printer { public void PrintNumbers() { for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) { Thread.Sleep(100); Console.Write(i + ","); } Console.WriteLine(); } }

Why we use Lock keyword- lock(object) is used to synchronize the shared object. Syntax: lock (objecttobelocked) { objecttobelocked.somemethod(); }

objecttobelocked is the object reference which is used by more than one thread to call the method on that object. The lock keyword requires us to specify a token (an object reference) that must be acquired by a thread to enter within the lock scope.

Using of Monitor- The lock scope actually resolves to the Monitor class after being processed by the C# compiler. Lock keyword is just a notation for using System.Threading.Monitor class.

using System; using System.Threading; namespace CSharpThreadExample { class Program { static void Main(string[] arg) { Console.WriteLine(" -----> Multiple Threads ----->"); Printer p = new Printer(); Thread[] Threads = new Thread[3]; for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) { Threads[i] = new Thread(new ThreadStart(p.PrintNumbers)); Threads[i].Name = "Child " + i; } foreach (Thread t in Threads) t.Start(); } Console.ReadLine();

} class Printer { public void PrintNumbers() { Monitor.Enter(this); try { for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)

} finally { Monitor.Exit(this); } } } }

} Console.WriteLine();

Thread.Sleep(100); Console.Write(i + ",");

Creating Word document using C#

Create a new windows application project and add a button to it. On click of that button, we will create a new document(word) and write a simple text in it. To create a word document using C# we need to first reference the following DLL(com)..

After That Write Code in .CS File:

using using using using using using using using using

System; System.Collections.Generic; System.ComponentModel; System.Data; System.Drawing; System.Linq; System.Text; System.Windows.Forms; Word;

namespace WindowsFormsApplication53 { public partial class createworddocument : Form { public createworddocument() { InitializeComponent(); } private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { object missing = System.Reflection.Missing.Value;

object Visible=true; object start1 = 0; object end1 = 0;

ApplicationClass WordApp = new ApplicationClass(); Document adoc = WordApp.Documents.Add(ref missing, ref missing, ref missing, ref missing); Range rng = adoc.Range(ref start1, ref missing);

try { rng.Font.Name = "Georgia"; rng.InsertAfter("Hiiiiiiiiiiii I m Aditya!"); object filename = @"G:\MyWord.doc"; adoc.SaveAs(ref filename, ref missing, ref missing, ref missing, ref missing, ref missing, ref missing, ref missing, ref missing, ref missing, ref missing, ref missing, ref missing, ref missing, ref missing, ref missing); WordApp.Visible = true; } catch (Exception ex) { MessageBox.Show(ex.Message); } } } }

Output:

How to Add Manually CheckBox in C#

You can add a CheckBox to a form at run time in the following manner. Code for Add mannualy CheckBox in C#:

public void AddCheckBox() { CheckBox chkBox = new CheckBox(); chkBox.Location = new Point(50, 50); chkBox.AutoCheck = true; chkBox.Text = "Checked"; chkBox.Checked = true; chkBox.CheckState = CheckState.Checked; chkBox.CheckedChanged += new

EventHandler(chkBox_CheckedChanged); } Controls.Add(chkBox);

private void chkBox_CheckedChanged(object sender, System.EventArgs e) { if (sender is CheckBox) { CheckBox checkbox = sender as CheckBox; if (checkbox.Checked) { checkbox.Text = "Checked"; } else { checkbox.Text = "UnChecked"; } } }

How to Change The Color of Specific Word in Rich textbox using C#:
.CS Code:

using using using using using using using using

System; System.Collections.Generic; System.ComponentModel; System.Data; System.Drawing; System.Linq; System.Text; System.Windows.Forms;

namespace WindowsFormsApplication2 { public partial class Form1 : Form { public Form1() { InitializeComponent(); } static void HighlightPhrase(RichTextBox box, string phrase, Color color) { int pos = box.SelectionStart; string s = box.Text; for (int ix = 0; ; )

int jx = s.IndexOf(phrase, ix, StringComparison.CurrentCultureIgnoreCase); if (jx < 0) break; box.SelectionStart = jx; box.SelectionLength = phrase.Length; box.SelectionColor = color; ix = jx + 1; } box.SelectionStart = pos; box.SelectionLength = 0; } private void Form1_Load(object sender, EventArgs e) { } private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { HighlightPhrase(richTextBox1, "a", Color.Red); HighlightPhrase(richTextBox1, "b", Color.Blue); } } }

Design Output:

Reading/Writing/Appending a Text File, Using c#:

.Cs Code:

using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.ComponentModel; using System.Data; using System.Drawing; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using System.Windows.Forms; using System.IO; namespace WindowsFormsApplication53 { public partial class Form3 : Form { public StringReader sr; public StringWriter sw; public Form3() { InitializeComponent(); } private void file_write() { string path = "G:\\ash"; // Parent Directory string name = richTextBox1.Text; string ext = ".txt"; string fname = path + name + ext; FileInfo file1 = new FileInfo(fname); StreamWriter sw = file1.CreateText(); sw.WriteLine("This is a demo for writing to a text file"); //Writing a string directly to the file sw.WriteLine(richTextBox1.Text); / / Writing content read from the textbox in the form sw.Close(); } private void file_read() { string path = "G:\\raj"; // Parent Directory string name = richTextBox1.Text; string ext = ".txt"; string fname = path + name + ext; string readcontent;

FileInfo file1 = new FileInfo(fname); StreamReader sr = new StreamReader(fname); readcontent = sr.ReadToEnd(); // Reading content from the file and storing to a string sr.Close(); richTextBox1.Text = readcontent; // Display contents in a textbox in the form } private void file_append() { string path = "G:\\raj"; // Parent Directory string name = richTextBox1.Text; string ext = ".txt"; string fname = path + name + ext; // FileInfo file1 = new FileInfo(fname); StreamWriter sw = File.AppendText(fname); sw.WriteLine("This is a demo for appending text content to a file"); // Writing a string directly to the file sw.WriteLine(richTextBox1.Text) // Writing content read from the textbox in the form sw.Close(); } private void Form3_Load(object sender, EventArgs e) { } private void button2_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { file_write(); } private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { file_read(); } private void button3_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { file_append(); } } }

Output:

How to Find Max Value of X, Y ,Z From Text file Using C# :

.CS CODE:

using using using using using using using using using using

System; System.Collections.Generic; System.ComponentModel; System.Data; System.Drawing; System.Linq; System.Text; System.Windows.Forms; System.IO; System.Text.RegularExpressions;// Add name space

namespace WindowsFormsApplication53 { public partial class Form1 : Form { public Form1() { InitializeComponent(); } private void btnFindMaxY_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

string[] Lines = File.ReadAllLines("TextFile1.txt"); int maxY=0; foreach (string line in Lines) { string[] SplitString = line.Split(' '); if (SplitString.Length > 1) { try { if (int.Parse(SplitString[1]) > maxY) { maxY = int.Parse(SplitString[1]); } } catch { } } } textBox1.Text = maxY.ToString();

} private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { string[] Lines = File.ReadAllLines("TextFile1.txt"); int maxZ = 0; foreach (string line in Lines) { string[] SplitString = line.Split(' '); if (SplitString.Length > 2) { try { if (int.Parse(SplitString[2]) > maxZ) { maxZ = int.Parse(SplitString[2]); } } catch { } } } textBox2.Text = maxZ.ToString();

private void button2_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { string[] Lines = File.ReadAllLines("TextFile1.txt"); int maxX = 0; foreach (string line in Lines) { string[] SplitString = line.Split(' ');

if (SplitString.Length > 3) { try { if (int.Parse(SplitString[3]) > maxX) { maxX = int.Parse(SplitString[3]); } } catch { } } } textBox3.Text = maxX.ToString(); } } Design: }

Create Text file Like This:

Output:

How to Take Printout of RichtextBox:

.CS File:

using using using using using using using using using

System; System.Collections.Generic; System.ComponentModel; System.Data; System.Drawing; System.Linq; System.Text; System.Windows.Forms; System.IO;

namespace WindowsFormsApplication1 { public partial class Form1 : Form { public Form1() { InitializeComponent(); } private StringReader myReader; //for Preview private void Preview_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { try { string strText = this.richTextBox1.Text; // read string from editor window myReader = new StringReader(strText); PrintPreviewDialog printPreviewDialog1 = new PrintPreviewDialog(); // instantiate new print preview dialog printPreviewDialog1.Document = this.printDocument1;

//printPreviewDialog1.BorderStyle = FormBorderStyle.Fixed3D; printPreviewDialog1.ShowDialog(); // Show the print preview dialog, uses print page event to draw preview screen } catch (Exception exp) { System.Console.WriteLine(exp.Message.ToString()) ; } } // TextBoxPrinter _textBoxPrinter; private void printDocument1_PrintPage(object sender, System.Drawing.Printing.PrintPageEventArgs e) { float linesPerPage = 0; float yPosition = 0; int count = 0; float leftMargin = e.MarginBounds.Left; float topMargin = e.MarginBounds.Top; string line = null; Font printFont = this.richTextBox1.Font; SolidBrush myBrush = new SolidBrush(Color.Black); // Work out the number of lines per page, using the MarginBounds. linesPerPage = e.MarginBounds.Height / printFont.GetHeight(e.Graphics); // Iterate over the string using the StringReader, printing each line. while (count < linesPerPage && ((line = myReader.ReadLine()) != null)) { // calculate the next line position based on the height of the font according to the printing device yPosition = topMargin + (count * printFont.GetHeight(e.Graphics)); // draw the next line in the rich edit control e.Graphics.DrawString(line, printFont, myBrush, leftMargin, yPosition, new StringFormat()); count++; } // If there are more lines, print another page. if (line != null) e.HasMorePages = true; else e.HasMorePages = false; myBrush.Dispose();// e.HasMorePages = TextBoxPrinter.Print(e.Graphics, richTextBox1, printDocument1, _screenResolutionX);

} private void Print_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { printDialog1.Document = printDocument1; string strText = this.richTextBox1.Text; myReader = new StringReader(richTextBox1.Text); if (printDialog1.ShowDialog() == DialogResult.OK) { this.printDocument1.Print(); } } } }

Output:

When you click on Preview it looks like below

When You click on print then Output:

Multiple Colored Texts in RichTextBox using C#

Actually This Application tells how to enter values in a richtextbox with multiple color texts. There is a property to set colored text by using SelectionText. Richtextbox has the properties of SelectionFont, SelectionColor and SelectedText. Setting the values for these properties makes multiple colors in our richtextbox. I just tried to create it as a sample application and it is done. .CS Code:

using using using using using using using using

System; System.Collections.Generic; System.ComponentModel; System.Data; System.Drawing; System.Linq; System.Text; System.Windows.Forms;

namespace WindowsFormsApplication2 { public partial class Form2 : Form { public Form2()

{ }

InitializeComponent();

private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { Font font = new Font("Tahoma", 8, FontStyle.Regular); richTextBox1.SelectionFont = font; richTextBox1.SelectionColor = Color.Red; richTextBox1.SelectedText = Environment.NewLine + textBox1.Text; } private void button2_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { Font font = new Font("Tahoma", 8, FontStyle.Regular); richTextBox1.SelectionFont = font; richTextBox1.SelectionColor = Color.Green; richTextBox1.SelectedText = Environment.NewLine + textBox1.Text; } } }

Design Output:

How to Create Stopwatch in C#

private void timer1_Tick(object sender, System.EventArgs e) { TimeSpan span = DateTime.Now.Subtract(da); this.label1.Text = span.Hours.ToString() + ":"+ span.Minutes.ToString() + " : " + span.Seconds.ToString() + " : " + span.Milliseconds.ToString(); } private void button1_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e) { if(this.timer1.Enabled) { timer1.Stop(); button1.Text = "Start"; } else { da = DateTime.Now; timer1.Start(); button1.Text = "Stop"; } } private void checkBox1_CheckedChanged(object sender, System.EventArgs e) { if (this.checkBox1.Checked) { this.TopMost = true; } else { this.TopMost = false; }

Output:

When you Click on Start button Output Looks Like Below

Add Header and Footer to Word Document Using C#:

Create a new windows application project and add a button to it. On click of that button, we will open a document and insert a picture to it. (In the doc file insert a table at the location where you want the picture to appear.) Than add reference to (Word 10.0 or 11.0 object library) within COM tab of Add reference dialog box. After adding reference, add this directive using Microsoft.Office.Interop.Word .Cs Code:

using using using using using using using using using using

System; System.Collections.Generic; System.ComponentModel; System.Data; System.Drawing; System.Linq; System.Text; System.Windows.Forms; Word; Microsoft.Office.Core;

namespace WindowsFormsApplication53 { public partial class createworddocument : Form { public createworddocument() { InitializeComponent(); } private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { object missing = System.Reflection.Missing.Value; object Visible=true; object start1 = 0; object end1 = 0;

ApplicationClass WordApp = new ApplicationClass(); Document adoc = WordApp.Documents.Add(ref missing, ref missing, ref missing, ref missing); Range rng = adoc.Range(ref start1, ref missing); try { rng.Font.Name = "Georgia"; rng.InsertAfter("Hiiiiiiiiiiii I m Aditya!"); object filename = @"G:\MyWord.doc"; adoc.SaveAs(ref filename, ref missing, ref missing, ref missing, ref missing, ref missing, ref missing, ref missing, ref missing, ref missing, ref missing, ref missing, ref missing, ref missing, ref missing, ref missing); WordApp.Visible = true; WordApp.ActiveWindow.ActivePane.View.SeekView = Word.WdSeekView.wdSeekPrimaryHeader; ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////Header WordApp.ActiveWindow.ActivePane.View.SeekView =

Word.WdSeekView.wdSeekCurrentPageHeader; WordApp.ActiveWindow.Selection.Font.Name = "Verdana"; WordApp.ActiveWindow.Selection.Font.Size = 14; Object CurrentPage = Word.WdFieldType.wdFieldPage; WordApp.ActiveWindow.Selection.TypeText("ASP.NET Tutorials"); WordApp.ActiveWindow.Selection.TypeText(" "); WordApp.ActiveWindow.Selection.TypeText("Page "); WordApp.ActiveWindow.Selection.Fields.Add(WordApp.Selection.Range, ref CurrentPage, ref missing, ref missing); WordApp.ActiveWindow.Selection.TypeText(" "); WordApp.ActiveWindow.Selection.TypeText(DateTime.Today.ToString("MM/d d/yyyy")); ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////footer WordApp.ActiveWindow.ActivePane.View.SeekView = Word.WdSeekView.wdSeekCurrentPageFooter; WordApp.ActiveWindow.Selection.Font.Name = "Verdana"; WordApp.ActiveWindow.Selection.Font.Size = 8; CurrentPage = Word.WdFieldType.wdFieldPage; WordApp.ActiveWindow.Selection.TypeText("For Logica Internal Use Only"); WordApp.ActiveWindow.Selection.TypeText(" "); WordApp.ActiveWindow.Selection.TypeText("Page "); WordApp.ActiveWindow.Selection.Fields.Add(WordApp.Selection.Range, ref CurrentPage, ref missing, ref missing); WordApp.ActiveWindow.Selection.TypeText(" "); WordApp.ActiveWindow.Selection.TypeText(DateTime.Today.ToString("MM/d d/yyyy"));

missing); }

rng.InlineShapes.AddPicture(@"D:\logo.Gif", ref missing, ref missing, ref

catch (Exception ex) { MessageBox.Show(ex.Message); }

} }

Output:

Footer Like this:

How to Add Table in Word Document using C#:

1.Create a new windows application project and add a button to it. 2.On click of that button, we will open a document and insert a picture to it.
(In the doc file insert a table at the location where you want the picture to appear.)

3.Than add reference to (Word 10.0 or 11.0 object library) within COM tab of Add reference
dialog box.

4.After adding reference, add this directive using Microsoft.Office.Interop.Word .CS Code:

using using using using using using using using using

System; System.Collections.Generic; System.ComponentModel; System.Data; System.Drawing; System.Linq; System.Text; System.Windows.Forms; Word;

namespace WindowsFormsApplication53 { public partial class Form5 : Form { public Form5() { InitializeComponent(); } Document adoc; private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { object missing = System.Reflection.Missing.Value; object Visible = true; object start1 = 0; object end1 = 0; ApplicationClass WordApp = new ApplicationClass(); adoc = WordApp.Documents.Add(ref missing, ref missing, ref missing, ref missing);

adoc = WordApp.Documents.Add(ref missing, ref missing, ref missing, ref missing); Range rng = adoc.Range(ref start1, ref missing); Word.Table oTable; oTable = adoc.Tables.Add(rng, 2, 2, ref missing, ref missing); oTable.Cell(2, 2).Range.Text = "<table><tr><td>some text here</td></tr><tr><td>some other text here</td></tr></table>"; object filename = @"G:\MyFile.doc"; adoc.SaveAs(ref filename, ref missing, ref missing, ref missing, ref missing, ref missing, ref missing, ref missing, ref missing, ref missing, ref missing, ref missing, ref missing, ref missing, ref missing, ref missing); WordApp.Visible = true; } } }

Output:

Add rows to table in MS Word document using C#:

In this Example we dynamically add rows to a table in MS Word document using C#. The row count may differ based on user. In order to achieve this, I have added reference to Microsoft.Office.Interop.Word .

using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.ComponentModel;

using using using using using using

System.Data; System.Drawing; System.Linq; System.Text; System.Windows.Forms; Word;

namespace WindowsFormsApplication53 { public partial class Form5 : Form { public Form5() { InitializeComponent(); } Document adoc; private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { object missing = System.Reflection.Missing.Value; object Visible = true; object start1 = 0; object end1 = 0; ApplicationClass WordApp = new ApplicationClass(); adoc = WordApp.Documents.Add(ref missing, ref missing, ref missing, ref missing); adoc = WordApp.Documents.Add(ref missing, ref missing, ref missing, ref missing); Range rng = adoc.Range(ref start1, ref missing); Word.Table oTable; oTable = adoc.Tables.Add(rng, 2, 2, ref missing, ref missing); oTable.Cell(2, 2).Range.Text = "<table><tr><td>some text here</td></tr><tr><td>some other text here</td></tr></table>"; object filename = @"G:\MyFile.doc"; int rowsCount = oTable.Rows.Count; int coulmnsCount =oTable.Columns.Count; for (int i = 0; i < 25; i++) { Row row = oTable.Rows.Add(ref missing); for (int j = 1; j<=coulmnsCount; j++) { oTable.Cell(1,0).Range.Text = string.Format("{0}

{1}", i, j);

oTable.Cell(1, 0).WordWrap = true; oTable.Cell(1, 0).Range.Underline = WdUnderline.wdUnderlineNone; oTable.Cell(1, 0).Range.Bold = 0; } } adoc.SaveAs(ref filename, ref missing, ref missing, ref missing, ref missing, ref missing, ref missing, ref missing, ref missing, ref missing, ref missing, ref missing, ref missing, ref missing, ref missing, ref missing); WordApp.Visible = true; } } }

Output:

How to Add image in Word Document using C#

Create a new windows application project and add a button to it. On click of that button, we will open a document and insert a picture to it. (In the doc file insert a table at the location where you want the picture to appear.) Than add reference to (Word 10.0 or 11.0 object library) within COM tab of Add reference dialog box. After adding reference, add this directive

using Microsoft.Office.Interop.Word .Cs Code:

using using using using using using using using using

System; System.Collections.Generic; System.ComponentModel; System.Data; System.Drawing; System.Linq; System.Text; System.Windows.Forms; Word;

namespace WindowsFormsApplication53 { public partial class createworddocument : Form { public createworddocument() { InitializeComponent(); } private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { object missing = System.Reflection.Missing.Value; object Visible=true; object start1 = 0; object end1 = 0;

ApplicationClass WordApp = new ApplicationClass(); Document adoc = WordApp.Documents.Add(ref missing, ref missing, ref missing, ref missing); Range rng = adoc.Range(ref start1, ref missing);

try { rng.Font.Name = "Georgia"; rng.InsertAfter("Hiiiiiiiiiiii I m Aditya!"); object filename = @"G:\MyWord.doc"; adoc.SaveAs(ref filename, ref missing, ref missing, ref missing, ref missing, ref missing, ref missing, ref missing, ref missing, ref missing, ref missing, ref missing, ref missing, ref missing, ref missing, ref missing); WordApp.Visible = true; WordApp.ActiveWindow.ActivePane.View.SeekView = Word.WdSeekView.wdSeekPrimaryHeader;

rng.InlineShapes.AddPicture(@"D:\logo.Gif", ref missing, ref missing, ref missing); } catch (Exception ex) { MessageBox.Show(ex.Message); } } } }

Design:

Output :

Storing Database Connection Strings in App.Config

.NET Framework 2.0 added a separate configuration section in both Windows Application configuration (App.config) and Web Application configuration (Web.config) file. Developers can use these section to store connection string information such as a connection string name or provider type etc. In the following tutorial I will show you how you can store and retrieve connection string information in .NET Windows Application using C#. The following code shows how you can store connection strings in App.config file.

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> <configuration> <appSettings> <add key="name" value="provider=microsoft.jet.oledb.4.0;data source=E://invent.mdb"/> </appSettings> </configuration>

In the code behind you should import the following namespace:

using System.Configuration;

Then retreive the value from the App.Config by the following code:

string con = ConfigurationSettings.AppSettings["name"].ToString();

Example:

using using using using using using using using using using

System; System.Collections.Generic; System.ComponentModel; System.Data; System.Drawing; System.Linq; System.Text; System.Windows.Forms; System.Configuration; System.Data.OleDb;

namespace WindowsFormsApplication1 { public partial class using_app : Form { public using_app() { InitializeComponent(); } string con = ConfigurationSettings.AppSettings["name"].ToString(); OleDbConnection mycon; private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { mycon = new OleDbConnection(con); mycon.Open(); OleDbCommand cmd1 = new OleDbCommand("select location from purchasing ", mycon); OleDbDataReader dr = cmd1.ExecuteReader(); while(dr.Read()) { textBox1.Text = dr[0].ToString(); } mycon.Close(); } } }

Blink Label Color In Every Half Of Second Using C#

.CS Code:

private void using_app_Load(object sender, EventArgs e) { Timer tmr = new Timer(); tmr.Interval = 500; tmr.Tick += new EventHandler(tmr_Tick); tmr.Enabled = true; label1. ForeColor = Color.Red; //Set The Default Color As Red

} void tmr_Tick(object sender, EventArgs e) { if(label1.ForeColor == Color.Red) { label1.ForeColor = Color.Green; } else if (label1. ForeColor == Color.Green) { label1.ForeColor = Color.Red; } }

How to Draw CheckBoard in C#:

.Cs Code:

using using using using using using using using

System; System.Collections.Generic; System.ComponentModel; System.Data; System.Drawing; System.Linq; System.Text; System.Windows.Forms;

namespace WindowsFormsApplication1 { public partial class checkerboard : Form { public checkerboard() { InitializeComponent(); } private void checkerboard_Paint(object sender, PaintEventArgs e) { // Get the graphics object Graphics gfx = e.Graphics; // Create a new pen that we shall use for drawing the line Pen myPen = new Pen(Color.Black); // Loop and create a horizontal line 10 pixels below the last one for (int i = 20; i <= 250; i = i + 10) { gfx.DrawLine(myPen, 20, i, 270, i); } // Loop and create a vertical line 10 pixels next to the last one for (int x = 20; x < 280; x = x + 10)

{ } } } }

gfx.DrawLine(myPen, x, 20, x, 250);

Output:

Change a label's forecolor on mouseovers in C#:

using using using using using using using using System; System.Collections.Generic; System.ComponentModel; System.Data; System.Drawing; System.Linq; System.Text; System.Windows.Forms;

namespace WindowsFormsApplication1 { public partial class graphics : Form { public Font myFont = new Font("Microsoft Sans Serif", 8, FontStyle.Regular);

public Font myFontBold = new Font("Microsoft Sans Serif", 10, FontStyle.Bold); public graphics() { InitializeComponent(); }

private void graphics_Load(object sender, EventArgs e) { label1.Text = "Most Welcome"; } private void label1_MouseEnter(object sender, EventArgs e) { label1.ForeColor = System.Drawing.Color.Red; label1.Font = myFontBold;

private void label1_MouseLeave(object sender, EventArgs e) { label1.ForeColor = System.Drawing.Color.Blue; label1.Font = myFont; } } }

Output:

Change forecolor on Mouseover

Draw a curve on form using Graphics class in C #.net.

In this simple Example you will learn that how to draw curve on the form using Graphics class in C #.net. You cant draw graphics on simple load event of the form. To create graphics on the form, you must override the onpaint() function of the form. The syntax of the onpaint() function is: C#: protected override void OnPaint (PaintEventArgs e) { } .CS CODE:

private void graphics_Paint(object sender, PaintEventArgs e) { System.Drawing.Pen pen = new System.Drawing.Pen(System.Drawing.Color.Blue); System.Drawing.Graphics obj;

obj = this.CreateGraphics(); System.Drawing.Point[] points = new Point[5]; points[0] = new Point(105, 75); points[1] = new Point(3, 45); points[2] = new Point(40,30); points[3] = new Point(1, 78); points[4] = new Point(1,95); System.Drawing.SolidBrush brush = new SolidBrush(Color.SpringGreen); obj.DrawCurve(pen, points); obj.Dispose(); } Output:

Draw a polygon on form using Graphics class C #.net:

In this simple Example you will learn that how to draw polygon on the form using Graphics class in C #.net. In order to draw polygon on the form, firstly you should know the behavior of the form. While playing with the graphics you must keep the following point in your mind:

You cant draw graphics on simple load event of the form. To create graphics on the form, you must override the onpaint() function of the form. Polygons draw function: In order to draw a polygon, graphics class provides us a function named as drawPolygon(). It is an overloaded function. By using this function you can draw polygon on the form. Depending on your requirement you can use any of the overloaded function. I use the following: This function takes two arguments. The first argument is the object of Pen class. Pen class has the four overloaded constructor. You can use any of the constructors to initialize the object of pen class. Example:

using using using using using using using using

System; System.Collections.Generic; System.ComponentModel; System.Data; System.Drawing; System.Linq; System.Text; System.Windows.Forms;

namespace WindowsFormsApplication1 { public partial class graphics : Form { public graphics() { InitializeComponent(); } private void graphics_Paint(object sender, PaintEventArgs e) { System.Drawing.Pen pen = new System.Drawing.Pen(System.Drawing.Color.Red); System.Drawing.Graphics obj; obj = this.CreateGraphics(); System.Drawing.Point[] points = new Point[5]; points[0] = new Point(75, 35); points[1] = new Point(85, 35); points[2] = new Point(45, 95); points[3] = new Point(65, 25); points[4] = new Point(65, 55); obj.DrawPolygon(pen, points); obj.Dispose(); }

private void graphics_Load(object sender, EventArgs e) { } } }

Output:

Drawing Lines in C#
In this Article Describe how to Draw a line in C# using Graphic Object. Lines are drawn in C# using the DrawLine() method of the Graphics Object. This method takes a preinstantiated Pen object and two sets of x and y co-ordinates (the start and end points of the line) as arguments. For example, to draw a line from co-ordinates (10, 20) to (200, 250) on our sample form. .CS CODE

private void graphics_Paint(object sender, PaintEventArgs e) {

System.Drawing.Graphics graphicsObj; graphicsObj = this.CreateGraphics();

Pen myPen = new Pen(System.Drawing.Color.Red, 5); graphicsObj.DrawLine(myPen, 20, 20, 200, 210); }

Output:

Drawing Text with C#

Text is drawn onto a Graphics Object using the DrawText() method. The syntax for this method is as follows: graphicsobj.DrawString(string, font, brush, x, y); The string argument specifies the text to be drawn. Font defines the font to be used to display the text and requires the creation of a Font object. The brush object is similar to the Pen object used to draw shapes with the exception that it specifies a fill pattern. Finally, the x and y values specify the top left hand corner of the text. .CS CODE:

private void graphics_Paint(object sender, PaintEventArgs e) {

System.Drawing.Graphics graphicsObj; graphicsObj = this.CreateGraphics(); Font myFont = new System.Drawing.Font("Helvetica", 40, FontStyle.Italic); Brush myBrush = new SolidBrush(System.Drawing.Color.Red); graphicsObj.DrawString("R4R Tech Soft", myFont, myBrush, 30, 30); }

Output:

Export gridview to pdf in c#

Download itextsharp.dll
.CS Code:

using using using using using using

System; System.Collections; System.Configuration; System.Data; System.Linq; System.Web;

using using using using using using using

System.Web.Security; System.Web.UI; System.Web.UI.HtmlControls; System.Web.UI.WebControls; System.Web.UI.WebControls.WebParts; System.Xml.Linq; iTextSharp.text.pdf;

using iTextSharp.text.html; using iTextSharp.text.html.simpleparser; using System.IO; using iTextSharp.text; public partial class pdf_genration : System.Web.UI.Page { DataSet ds=new DataSet(); protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e) { ds.ReadXml(MapPath("Regis.xml")); GridView1.DataSource = ds; //DataGrid1.DataSource = ds; GridView1.DataBind(); } public override void VerifyRenderingInServerForm(Control control)// this Event is must for Rendring { } protected void Button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { Response.Clear(); //this clears the Response of any headers or previous output Response.Buffer = true; //ma Response.ContentType = "application/pdf"; Response.AddHeader("content-disposition", "attachment;filename=DataTable.pdf"); Response.Cache.SetCacheability(HttpCacheability.NoCa che); StringWriter sw = new StringWriter(); HtmlTextWriter hw = new HtmlTextWriter(sw); GridView1.RenderControl(hw);

StringReader sr = new StringReader(sw.ToString()); Document pdfDoc = new Document(PageSize.A4, 10f, 10f, 10f, 0f); HTMLWorker htmlparser = new HTMLWorker(pdfDoc); PdfWriter.GetInstance(pdfDoc, Response.OutputStream); pdfDoc.Open(); htmlparser.Parse(sr); pdfDoc.Close(); Response.Write(pdfDoc); } } Response.End();

.aspx Code: Output:

When You Click On ExportGridview Button All gridview Data is bind In pdffile Like this:

How to Draw Ellipse using mouse dragging in C#:

.CS Code

using using using using

System; System.Collections.Generic; System.ComponentModel; System.Data;

using using using using

System.Drawing; System.Linq; System.Text; System.Windows.Forms;

namespace WindowsFormsApplication10 { public partial class Form1 : Form { Point start; Point end; Graphics g; bool isDown = false; public Form1() { InitializeComponent(); } private void Form1_MouseDown(object sender, MouseEventArgs e) { start = new Point(e.X, e.Y); isDown = true; } private void Form1_MouseMove(object sender, MouseEventArgs e) { if ( isDown ) { g.DrawEllipse(new Pen(Form1.DefaultBackColor, 2), start.X, start.Y, end.X - start.X , end.Y-start.Y); end = new Point(e.X, e.Y); g.DrawEllipse(new Pen(Color.Black, 2), start.X, start.Y, end.X - start.X, end.Y - start.Y); } } private void Form1_MouseUp(object sender, MouseEventArgs e) { isDown = false; } private void Form1_Load(object sender, EventArgs e) { g = CreateGraphics(); } } }

Output:

Difference between array and Arraylist

Char[] vowel=new Char[]; ArrayList a_list=new ArrayList(); Array is in the System namespace ArrayList is in the System.Collections namespace.

The capacity of an Array is ArrayList can increase and decrease size dynamically fixed An Array is a collection of similar items

ArrayList can hold item of different types.

An Array can have multiple ArrayList always has exactly one dimension.. dimensions..

How to Rotate Image in Picture Box Using C#

Right Click On solution Explorer>> Add newitem >> Add Class

Class name: Utilities

using System; using System.Drawing; using System.Drawing.Drawing2D; namespace RotatePictureBox { public sealed class Utilities { private Utilities() { } public static Bitmap RotateImage(Image image, float angle) { return RotateImage(image, new PointF((float)image.Width / 2, (float)image.Height / 2), angle); } public static Bitmap RotateImage(Image image, PointF offset, float angle) { if (image == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("image"); //create a new empty bitmap to hold rotated image Bitmap rotatedBmp = new Bitmap(image.Width, image.Height); rotatedBmp.SetResolution(image.HorizontalResolution, image.VerticalResolution); //make a graphics object from the empty bitmap Graphics g = Graphics.FromImage(rotatedBmp); //Put the rotation point in the center of the image g.TranslateTransform(offset.X, offset.Y); //rotate the image g.RotateTransform(angle); //move the image back g.TranslateTransform(-offset.X, -offset.Y); //draw passed in image onto graphics object g.DrawImage(image, new PointF(0, 0));

return rotatedBmp; } } }

.CS Code:

using using using using using using using

System; System.Collections.Generic; System.ComponentModel; System.Data; System.Drawing; System.Text; System.Windows.Forms;

namespace RotatePictureBox { public partial class Form1 : Form { private Bitmap image = null; private float angle = 0.0f; public Form1() { InitializeComponent(); angleNumericUpDown.Value = (Decimal)angle; } //Load image private void LoadImageBtn_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { lfd.InitialDirectory = Application.StartupPath; lfd.ShowDialog(); } private void lfd_FileOk(object sender, CancelEventArgs e) { try { image = new Bitmap(lfd.FileName); pictureBox1.Image = (Bitmap)image.Clone(); ImagePathTxtBox.Text = lfd.FileName; }

catch (Exception ex) { MessageBox.Show(ex.Message); } RotateImage(pictureBox1, image, angle); } protected override void OnKeyDown(KeyEventArgs e) { switch (e.KeyCode) { case Keys.Up: RotateImage(pictureBox1, image, angle++); break; case Keys.Down: RotateImage(pictureBox1, image, angle--); break; case Keys.Right: RotateImage(pictureBox1, image, angle++); break; case Keys.Left: RotateImage(pictureBox1, image, angle--); break; } } private void angleNumericUpDown_ValueChanged(object sender, EventArgs e) { angle = (float)angleNumericUpDown.Value; RotateImage(pictureBox1, image, angle); } private void RotateImage(PictureBox pb, Image img, float angle) { if (img == null || pb.Image == null) return; Image oldImage = pb.Image; pb.Image = Utilities.RotateImage(img, angle); if (oldImage != null) { oldImage.Dispose(); }

private void pictureBox1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { } }

} Output:

When You Change Angel

Image Will be Rotate According To Angel Like This

Calculating Duration Between Two Dates in Years, Months and Days

Right Click On solution Explorer>> Add newitem >> Add Class Class name: DateDifference.cs

using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Text; namespace DurationCalculatorApp { public class DateDifference { private int[] monthDay = new int[12] { 31, -1, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31 }; private DateTime fromDate; private DateTime toDate; private int year; private int month; private int day; public DateDifference(DateTime d1, DateTime d2) { int increment; if (d1 > d2) { this.fromDate = d2; this.toDate = d1; } else { this.fromDate = d1; this.toDate = d2; } /// /// Day Calculation /// increment = 0; if (this.fromDate.Day > this.toDate.Day)

increment = this.monthDay[this.fromDate.Month - 1];

} /// if it is february month /// if it's to day is less then from day if (increment == -1) { if (DateTime.IsLeapYear(this.fromDate.Year)) { // leap year february contain 29 days increment = 29; } else { increment = 28; } } if (increment != 0) { day = (this.toDate.Day + increment) - this.fromDate.Day; increment = 1; } else { day = this.toDate.Day - this.fromDate.Day; } /// ///month calculation /// if ((this.fromDate.Month + increment) > this.toDate.Month) { this.month = (this.toDate.Month + 12) - (this.fromDate.Month + increment); increment = 1; } else { this.month = (this.toDate.Month) - (this.fromDate.Month + increment); increment = 0; } /// /// year calculation /// this.year = this.toDate.Year - (this.fromDate.Year + increment); } public override string ToString()

//return base.ToString(); return this.year + " Year(s), " + this.month + " month(s), " + this.day + " day(s)"; } public int Years { get { return this.year; } } public int Months { get { return this.month; } } public int Days { get { return this.day; } } } }

.CS Code:

using using using using using using using

System; System.Collections.Generic; System.ComponentModel; System.Data; System.Drawing; System.Text; System.Windows.Forms;

namespace DurationCalculatorApp { public partial class Form1 : Form { public Form1()

{ }

InitializeComponent();

private void Form1_FormClosed(object sender, FormClosedEventArgs e) { Application.Exit(); } private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { DateDifference dateDifference = new DateDifference(this.dateTimeTo.Value, this.dateTimeFrom.Value); this.lblOutput.Text = "Difference between " + this.dateTimeFrom.Value.ToShortDateString() + " and " + this.dateTimeTo.Value.ToShortDateString() + " is :\n" + dateDifference.ToString();

} }

Output:

Advantage of Remoting
Lease-Based Lifetime : Distributed garbage collection of objects is managed by a system called 'leased based lifetime'. Each object has a lease time, and when that time expires the object is disconnected from the .NET runtime

remoting infrastructure. Net Remoting takes a Lease-base Lifetime of the object that is scaleable Call Context : Additional information can be passed with every method call that is not part of the argument with the help of SOAP Header Distributed Identities : If we pass a reference to a remote object, we will access the same object using this reference. Advantage over Web Services? 1. It works using purely Commmon Type System. 2. It supports high speed binary over tcp/ip communication. Advantage over COM/DCOM? 1. It does not have extra interface language (IDL) 2. It Works using purely managed code 3. It's using Common Type System.. No Safearrays etc Disadvantages 1. It is not an open standard like web services. 2. It is not as widespread and established ad DCOM. 3. Less support for transactions,load balancing compared with DCOM.

Caching in ASP.Net
Caching is one of the coolest features in Asp.net. Caching is a technique of persisting the data in memory for immediate access to requesting program calls. Many in the developer community consider caching as one of the features available to improve performance of Web applications. Output Caching Output caching is used for pages and is also known as Page-level caching. This requires one to specify Duration of cache and Attribute of caching. Syntax: <%@ OutputCache Duration="60" VaryByParam="none" %> The above syntax specifies the page be cached for duration of 60 seconds and the value "none" for VaryByParam* attribute makes sure that there is a single cached page available for this duration specified. if the first user requested page which contains item1 than the second user will also see item1 even if he is requesting item2. VaryByParam can take various "key" parameter names in query string. Programmatic Page Caching

You can also use caching programmatically, meaning that you can change the value of cache depending upon the tasks performed by the user. The Response.Cache class let's you access the functionality to work with the cache object. You can change the expiration time on the Cache using the SetExpires method of the Response.Cache class.Response.Cache.SetExpires(System.DateTime.Now.AddMinutes(10)); In the same way you can also use Response.Cache.VaryByParams to set the Params programmatically. Fragment Caching: Fragment Caching refers to caching the sections of the page. These sections are most commonly UserControls. Page fragment caching allows you to cache the small portion of the page instead of caching the whole page.juuy Let's see some examples of fragment caching and how it can be used. @ OutputCache Duration="120" VaryByParam="CategoryID;SelectedID" In the Page directive above we have cached CategoryID and SelectedID for 120 seconds. Both of these are the query string parameters. This means that if the first user request CategoryID = 2 and the second user request the same CategoryID than the second user will recieve the contents from the cache object instead of going to the database and pulling records. @ OutputCache Duration="120" VaryByParam="none" VaryByControl="Category" The VaryByControl attribute can only be used in fragment caching. You can use this to cache the value of the controls. These controls can be any server controls like dropdownlist or datagrid. When using fragment caching you only need to put the cache directive in the user control and not on the page.

How to Save Data in XML File

XML is designed to store and transport data. We can store data in a Xml file or Can use Xml as a databse. Here is and example of how we can use xml file to store data in Xml file using Asp.Net and C#. Example: First Create Xml File Like This And Save Regis.xml

.CS Code: ADD NameSpace in .CS File: Using System.XML; Code of Saving Data in XML File

protected void Button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { XmlDocument xmldoc = new XmlDocument(); xmldoc.Load(Server.MapPath("regis.xml")); XmlElement parentelement = xmldoc.CreateElement("Comments"); XmlElement name = xmldoc.CreateElement("Name"); name.InnerText = TextBox1.Text; XmlElement location = xmldoc.CreateElement("location"); location.InnerText = TextBox2.Text; XmlElement email = xmldoc.CreateElement("Email"); email.InnerText = TextBox3.Text; XmlElement Description = xmldoc.CreateElement("Description"); Description.InnerText = TextBox4.Text; XmlElement date = xmldoc.CreateElement("Date"); date.InnerText = DateTime.Now.ToString();

parentelement.AppendChild(name); parentelement.AppendChild(location); parentelement.AppendChild(email); parentelement.AppendChild(Description); parentelement.AppendChild(date); xmldoc.DocumentElement.AppendChild(parentelement ); } xmldoc.Save(Server.MapPath("regis.xml"));

Code of Display XML File In Gridview:

protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e) { DataSet ds = new DataSet(); ds.ReadXml(MapPath("Registration.xml")); GridView1.DataSource = ds; //DataGrid1.DataSource = ds; GridView1.DataBind(); }

Design Output:

How to use XML In ASP.NET

.NET Framework has extensive support for working with XML Language. In the .NET framework, the support for XML documents includes: XML XML XML XML namespace: designer Web Server control DOM support

XML Namespace The System.Xml namespace provides a Large set of classes for processing XML data.There Are more classes such as XmlTextReader: It Provides forward only access to a stream of XML data and checks whether or not an XML document is well formed. This class neither creates as in-memory structure nor validates the XML document against the DTD. You can declare an object of the XmlTextReader class by including the System.Xml

namespace in the application. The syntax to declare an object of this class is as follows: XmlTextReader reader = new XmlTextReader("XML1.xml"); It is important to note that the .xml file you pass as an argument to the constructor of the XmlTextReader class exists in the \WINNT\System32 folder. XmlTextWriter: Provides forward only way of generating streams or files containing XML data that conforms to W3C XML 1.0. If you want to declare an object of the XmlTextWriter class, you must include the System.Xml. The syntax to decare an object of this class is as follows: XmlTextWriter writer = new XmlTextWriter(Response.Output); Here Response.Output represents an outgoing HTTP response stream to which you want to send the XML data. XmlDocument: It Provides navigating and edinting features of the nodes in an XML document tree. XmlDocument is the most frequently used class in ASP.NET applications that use XML documents. Syntax: XmlDocument doc = new XmlDocument(); XmlDataDocument: Provides support for XML and relational data in W3C XML DOM. You can use this class with a dataset to provide relational and non-relational views of the same set of data. This class is primarily used when you want to access the functions of ADO.NET. The syntax to declare an object of this class is as follows: DataSet ds=new DataSet(); XmlDataDocument doc=new XmlDocument(ds); There are a number of reasons to use XmlDataDocument: It gives you the freedom to work with any data by using the DOM. There is synchronization between an XmlDatadocument and a DataSet, and any changes in one will be reflected in the other. When an XML document is loaded into an XmlDatadocument, the schema is preserved.

How to Create XML Application in .Net: Visual Studio .NET provides the XML designer that you can use to create and edit XML documents. you need to perform the following steps by using the XML designer of Visual Studio .NET: 1. Create a new ASP.NET Web application. 2. Select the Add New Item option and Choose Xml File

3. Select XML File as the template from the right pane. Specify the name as "Registraion.xml" and click open. 4. The XML designer is displayed. The XML designer has automatically generated a line that notifies the browser that the document being processed is an XML document, as displayed in the figure:

Example :How to Display Xml File In Gridview .CS Code:

DataSet ds = new DataSet(); ds.ReadXml(MapPath("Registration.xml")); GridView1.DataSource = ds; GridView1.DataBind(); Code of Registration.xml file:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> <registration> <userdata> <firstname>santhu</firstname> <mobileno>98480</mobileno> <country>India</country> <emailId>santhweb@gmail.com</emailId > <loginname>santhu</loginname> <loginPwd>web123</loginPwd> </userdata> <userdata> <firstname>raju</firstname> <mobileno>9838610261</mobileno> <country>India</country> <emailId>rajuweb@gmail.com</emailId> <loginname>raju</loginname> <loginPwd>raju123</loginPwd> </userdata> <userdata>

<firstname>kiran</firstname> <mobileno>9998888785</mobileno> <country>India</country> > <emailId>kiranweb@gmail.com</emailId <loginname>kiran</loginname> <loginPwd>kiran222</loginPwd> </userdata> <userdata> <firstname>rakesh</firstname> <mobileno>9990512118</mobileno> <country>India</country> <emailId>Ankit@gmail.com</emailId> <loginname>rakesh </loginname> <loginPwd>rak345</loginPwd> </userdata> <userdata> <firstname>john</firstname> <mobileno>9838610261</mobileno> <country>India</country> <emailId>john@gmail.com</emailId> <loginname>john</loginname> <loginPwd>john234</loginPwd> </userdata> </registration>

Output:

Remoting in ASP.NET
Remoting is one of the distributed technologies which is integrated in the .Net framework.Remoting can be defined as a technology which facilitates communication between Application Domains which could be on the same machine or on different machines Remoting infrtastructure is supported by protocols such as TCP HTTP with XML or SOAP/Binary as formatting serializers Also remoting objects can be called in 3 modes viz. SingleCall Singleton ClientActivated Objects. It is a framework built into Common Language Runtime (CLR) in order to provide developers classes to build distributed applications and wide range of network services. It provides various features such as Object Passing, Proxy Objects, Activation, Stateless and Stateful Object, Lease Based LifeTime and Hosting of Objects in IIS. .NET Remoting is an enabler for application communication. It is a generic system for different applications to use to communicate with one another. .NET objects are exposed to remote processes, thus allowing inter process communication. The applications can be located on the same computer, different computers on the same network, or even computers across separate networks. Architecture of Remoting

How does .NET Remoting work? .NET remoting involves sending messages along channels. Two of the standard channels are HTTP and TCP. TCP is intended for LANs only -HTTP can be used for LANs or WANs (internet).Support it provided for multiple message serializarion formats.Examples are SOAP (XML-based) and binary. By default, the HTTP channel uses SOAP (via the .NET runtime Serialization SOAP Formatter), and theTCP channel uses binary (via the .NET runtime Serialization BinaryFormatter). Terms Used in Remoting 1.Proxy: To avoid conjunction in networking. Main work is task Distributing. There are two type of proxy. (1).Transparent proxy (There is no physical existence , Created by IIS server) (2).Real Proxy (Physical Existence) 2.Channel: Channel provides the medium for transfer data from one location to another location. There are two types of channel. (1).TCP(work with Predefined root Connection oriented) (2)HTTP (No need predefined root) 3.Formatters: Change the data in an appropriate format that it can traverse through channels. There are two types of formatters (1) Binary (2)SOAP(Simple Object Access Protocol)

4.Sink: Sink is used for security point of view. Before sending the data, the Data will be encrypted. Some additional bit will be added with the data to secure the data. There are two types of sink (1) Envoy sink (2) Server Context Sink SingleCall: Each in coming request from a client is serviced by a new object. The objectis thrown away when the request has finished. This (essentiallystateless) model can be made stateful in the ASP.NET environment by using the ASP.NET state service to store application or session state. Singleton: All incoming requests from clients are processed by a single server object. Client-activated object:This is the old stateful (D)COM model whereby the client receives areference to the remote object and holds that reference (thus keepingthe remote object alive) until it is finished with it. Example : 1..class Library (Of which Remote Object will be created)

using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Text;

namespace remoteclass { public class xx : MarshalByRefObject { public int sum(int a, int b) { return a * b; } } }

2..Server Application (Console Application)

using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Text; using System.Runtime.Remoting; using System.Runtime.Remoting.Channels; using System.Runtime.Remoting.Channels.Tcp;

namespace remoteserver { class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { TcpChannel ch = new TcpChannel(8085); ChannelServices.RegisterChannel(ch); RemotingConfiguration.RegisterWellKnownServiceType(typeof (remoteclass.xx), "rahul", WellKnownObjectMode.Singleton); Console.Write("Sever is Ready........"); Console.Read(); } } }

3..Client Application (Window Application)

using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Text;

using System.Runtime.Remoting; using System.Runtime.Remoting.Channels; using System.Runtime.Remoting.Channels.Tcp;

namespace remoteserver { class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { TcpChannel ch = new TcpChannel(8085); ChannelServices.RegisterChannel(ch); RemotingConfiguration.RegisterWellKnownServiceType(typeof (remoteclass.xx), "rahul", WellKnownObjectMode.Singleton); Console.Write("Sever is Ready........"); Console.Read(); } } }using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.ComponentModel; using System.Data; using System.Drawing; using System.Text; using System.Windows.Forms; using System.Runtime.Remoting; using System.Runtime.Remoting.Channels;

using System.Runtime.Remoting.Channels.Tcp; namespace WindowsFormsApplication10 { public partial class Form1 : Form { //TcpChannel ch = new TcpChannel(); remoteclass.xx obj = new remoteclass.xx(); public Form1() { InitializeComponent(); }

private void button1_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e) { //ChannelServices.RegisterChannel(ch); obj = (remoteclass.xx)Activator.GetObject(typeof(remoteclass.xx), "tcp://localhost:8085/rahul"); int x = Int32.Parse(textBox1.Text); int y = Int32.Parse(textBox2.Text); textBox3.Text = (obj.sum(x, y)).ToString(); } } }

Output: 1..Firstly Build Class Library 2..After This Run Console Application Output Look like

3.. After this run Windows Application

Transaction in ASP.NET
A transaction is a group of operations combined into a logical unit of work that is either guaranteed to be executed as a whole or rolled back. A transaction can be described to cover the ACID properties for mission critical applications. What are the ACID Properties? Atomicity: All the steps an a transaction must execute in a single group. Consistency: Consistency: Transaction should be consistence in the database i.e. database after the transaction should be in consistence state, it should not damage the DB. Isolation: One transaction should not be affected by other transactions. Durability: Transaction should be durable even after system crash.

Example: Design

.CS Code:

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" using System; using System.Collections; using System.Configuration; using System.Data; using System.Linq; using System.Web; using System.Web.Security; using System.Web.UI; using System.Web.UI.HtmlControls; using System.Web.UI.WebControls; using System.Web.UI.WebControls.WebParts; using System.Xml.Linq; using System.Data.OleDb; public partial class Default3 : System.Web.UI.Page { protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e) { } protected void TransferFund(object sender, EventArgs e) { //String strSQL = " select balance from transaction where accountnumber='" + txtFrom.Text + "'";

double dCurrBalance; OleDbConnection Conn = new OleDbConnection("PROVIDER=Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0; DATA SOURCE=D:\\dbbalance.mdb"); Conn.Open(); OleDbDataReader oReader; OleDbCommand cmd = new OleDbCommand(" select balance1 from transaction1 where accountnumber1='" + txtFrom.Text + "'", Conn); OleDbTransaction Trans = Conn.BeginTransaction(IsolationLevel.ReadCommitted); cmd.Transaction = Trans; try { oReader = cmd.ExecuteReader(); oReader.Read(); dCurrBalance = oReader.GetDouble(0); oReader.Close(); if (dCurrBalance < Convert.ToDouble(txtAmt.Text)) { lbltxt.Text="Sorry Mr/Mrs " + txtName.Text + " " + "Your balance is" + dCurrBalance + ""; throw (new Exception("Insufficient funds for transfer")); } string strSQL = "Update transaction1 set balance1 = balance1 - " + txtAmt.Text + " where accountnumber1 = '" + txtFrom.Text + "'"; cmd.CommandText = strSQL; cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();

strSQL = "Update transaction1 set balance1 = balance1 + " + txtAmt.Text + " where accountnumber1 = '" + txtTo.Text + "'"; cmd.CommandText = strSQL; cmd.ExecuteNonQuery(); Trans.Commit(); lbl.Text = "Your Transaction is successfully"; } catch (Exception ex) { Trans.Rollback(); lbl.Text = "Error: " + ex.Message; } finally { Conn.Close(); } } }

Design Output: