TEST Red blood cells count (RBC)

Hemoglobin (Hgb) Hematocrit (Hct) or Packed Cell Volume (PCV) Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH) Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC)

NORMAL Male: 4.2 - 5.6 M/L Female: 3.8 - 5.1 M/L Child: 3.5 - 5.0 M/L Male: 14 - 18 g/dL Female: 11 - 16 g/dL Child: 10 - 14 g/dL Newborn: 15 - 25 g/dL Male: 39 - 54% Female: 34 - 47% Child: 30 - 42% 78 - 98 fL 81 - 96 mcm3 27 - 35 pg

DESCRIPTION Carries Hgb Survival time: 120 days

ABNORMAL High: Erythrocytosis or Polycythemia Low: Erythroblastopenia or Anemia

The oxygen carrier

High: Polycythemia Low: Anemia High: hemoconcentration, DHN Low: hemodilution High: macrocytic Low: microcytic High: macrocytic Low: microcytic High: macrocytic; hyperchromic Low: microcytic; hypochromic High: Iron Deficiency Anemia; Anisocytosis; & Mixture of Fe & B12 Deficiency Anemia

Fraction of whole blood that composed of RBCs average volume of the red cells average amount (mass) of hemoglobin per red blood cell measure of the concentration of hemoglobin in a given volume of packed red blood cell (independent of cell size) Measures degree of variation in size of RBCs (with MCV) Use to differentiate anemia causes

33 - 36 g/dL

Red Cell Distribution Width (RDW)

11 - 14.5 %

Reticulocyte count

0.5 - 1.5 %

White Blood Cells (WBC) Neutrophils (polymorphonuclear cells PMNC)

M: 3.8 - 11.0 K / mm3 F: 3.8 - 11.0 K / mm3 C: 5.0 - 10.0 K / mm3 40 - 75% 2,500 - 7,500/mm3

*B12 Deficiency Anemia normal RDW but high MCV Indicates marrows response to anemia Amount of immature red blood High: anemia or hemolytic anemia cells; Low: vitamin, mineral deficiencies (Fe, Folic acid, or B12); bone marrow depression 1% of RBC mass is produced daily to (malignancies, drug effects); Aplastic & replace 1% of old cells that die Pernicious Anemia Complete count; All the white cell High: leukemia; infection types are given as a percentage and Low: leukopenia; bone marrow depression as an absolute number per liter. prevention of infection (bacteria & fungi); 6 hrs to few days lifespan High: acute infection Low: leukopenia; bone marrow depression

Lymphocytes

20 - 50% 1,500 - 5,500/mm3 1 - 10% 100 - 800/mm3 0 - 6% 0 - 440/mm3 0 - 2% 0 - 200/mm3 150,000 to 400,000/mm3

Monocytes

Eosinophils Basophils (Mast Cell)

Humoral and cell-mediated response; weeks to years lifespan Fixed or wandering macrophage (phagocytosis); lifespan: hours to days if activated and years if immature Target parasites For allergic reaction; 8 12 days lifespan Contain histamine for allergic reaction For blood coagulation; 7 to 10 days lifespan

High: bacterial, viral infection Low: immunosuppression High: chronic infection; leukemia Low: immunosuppression High: parasitic infestation; allergic response; leukemia Low: immunosuppression High: allergy; leukemia High: myeloproliferative disease; thrombocytosis Low: dengue; thrombocytopenia * < 20,000 serious * < 10,000 life threatening High: cardiovascular cases Low: bleeding disorders (DIC); inflammation Negative result: rule out thromboembolism risks Positive (high): high risk, or presence of thrombembolism; arthritis

Platelets

Fibrinogen

170 - 340 mg/100 mL

Fibrin clot (inactive form) Measures amount of fragments of fibrin after lysis; important test performed in patients suspected of thrombotic disorders. Its main use is to exclude thromboembolic disease where the probability is low. Another byproduct of fibrinolysis; are components of the blood produced by clot degeneration. These are produced by the action of Plasmin on deposited fibrin.

D-dimer

0 - 0.5 mcg/mL

Fibrin Degradation Products (FDP)

< 10 mcg/mL

High: (> 40 mcg) DIC