Mo t a/an, the 1. Cch dng mo t bt nh a/an (dng an trc nhng danh t bt u bng cc nguyn m: e, a, i, u, o).

Dng a/an trong cc trng hp sau: Trc s vt, s vic c k n ln u tin. I live in a house near a shop. She has two children: a son and a daughter. Ch ngh nghip: Im a student. My brother is an architect. Trong cc cm t/ t ch lng: a pair of/ a little/ a few/ a thousand Dng trong cu cm thn: what a + noun What a beautiful flower! What a great party! C ngha l mt There is a pen on the table. 2. Cch dng mo t xc nh the Dng the trong cc trng hp sau: S vt, s vic k n ln th hai - I live in a house. The house is very nice. - She has two children: a son and a daughter. The son is a pupil. The daughter is very small. Ch cc yu t duy nht: the sun, the moon, the earth, the sea i vi tnh t: The rich: nhng ngi giu The poor: nhng ngi ngho The young: nhng ngi tr tui.. Trc t ch bin, sng, khch sn, qun bar, tn ban nhc, tn cc dy ni V d: the Nile, the Huong Giang hotel, the Mekong river, the Himalaya, the westlife, the Backstreetboy. Ch quc tch: the Vietnamese, the Chinese.. Trc tn ca tp hp nhiu bang, nhiu nc: the Asian , the United Nations, the United States 3. Cc trng hp khng dng a/an, the Trc danh t m c, danh t khng m c ni chung Books are good friends. Milk is good for you. Trc mt s danh t ch tn nc, ng ph, th x, ngn ng, sn bay, nh ga, ba n, ni V d: England is a large country. I live in hanoi. My house is in Quang Trung street. They live near Noi Bai airport. Everest is the highest mountain in the world. So snh 2 trng hp sau: In the church: i n nh th ( chi hoc In church: i cu kinh gp mt ai) At/in the school/university/college: i n At/in/to school/university/college: l hc trng sinh, sinh vin trng

Bi tp 1: in a/an hoc the: 1. This morning I boughta .newspaper and a.magazine. The.newspaper is in my bag but I dont know where I putthe..magazine. 2. I saw accident this morning. car crashed into ..tree. driver of car wasnt hurt but ..car was badly damaged. 3. There are two cars parked outside:..blue one and .grey one. ..blue one belongs to my neighbors. I dont know who .. owner of..grey one is. 4. My friends live in.old house insmall village. There is .beautiful garden behind ..house. I would like to havegarden like this. 5. This house is very nice. Has it got .garden? 6. Its a beautiful day. Lets sit in..garden. 7. Can you recommend ..good restaurant? 8. We had dinner in.most expensive restaurant in town. 9. There isnt .airport near where I live. .nearest airport is 70 miles away. 10. Are you going away next week? - No, ..week after next Bi tp 2: Hon thnh cc cu di y s dng mt gii t v mt trong cc t di y.(c th s dng cc t ny nhiu hn mt ln) Bed, home, hospital, prison, school, university, work 1. Two people were injured in the accident and were taken to hospital. 2. In Britain, children from the age of five have to go 3. Mark didnt go out last night. He stayed.. 4. Ill have to hurry. I dont want to be late.. 5. There is a lot of traffic in the morning when everybody is going 6. Cathys mother has just had an operation. She is still 7. When Julia leaves school, she wants to study economics. 8. Bill never gets up before 9 oclock. Its 8.30 now, so he is still.. 9. If you commit a serious crime, you could be sent. Bi tp 3: Chn p n ng: 1. Im afraid of dogs/the dogs. 2. Can you pass the salt/salt, please? 3. Apples/the apples are good for you. 4. Look at apples/the apples on that tree! They are very big. 5. Women/the women live longer than men/the men. 6. I dont drink tea/the tea. I dont like it. 7. We had a very nice meal. Vegetables/ the vegetables were especially good. 8. Life/the life is strange sometimes. Some very strange things happen. 9. I like skiing/the skiing. But Im not good at it. 10. Who are people/the people in this photograph? 11. What makes people/the people violent? What causes aggression/the aggression? 12. All books/all the books on the top shelf belong to me. 13. First world war/ the first world war lasted from 1914 until 1918. 14. One of our biggest problems is unemployment/the unemployment.

Hnh thc ca Mo t xc nh "the"(Definite Article)

The dng cho c danh t m c (s t ln s nhiu) v danh t khng m c.

V d: - The truth (s tht) - The time (thi gian) - The bicycle (mt chic xe p) - The bicycles (nhng chic xe p) Dng mo t xc nh 1/ Khi vt th hay nhm vt th l duy nht hoc c xem l duy nht V d: - The sun (mt tri); the sea (bin c) - The world (th gii); the earth (qu t) 2/ Trc mt danh t, vi iu kin danh t ny va mi c cp trc . V d: - I saw a beggar.The beggar looked curiously at me. (Ti thy mt ngi n xin. Ngi n xin y nhn ti vi v t m) 3/ Trc mt danh t, vi iu kin danh t ny c xc nh bng mt cm t hoc mt mnh . V d: - The girl in uniform (C gi mc ng phc) - The mechanic that I met (Ngi th my m ti gp) - The place where I waited for him (Ni m ti i anh ta) 4/ Trc mt danh t ch mt vt ring bit V d: - My father is working in the garden - (Cha ti ang lm vic trong vn) *Vn nh ti] - Please pass the dictionary (Lm n a quyn t in) [T in trn bn] 5/ Trc so snh cc cp, Trc first (th nht), second (th nh), only (duy nht).... khi cc t ny c dng nh tnh t hay i t.

V d: - The first day (ngy u tin) - The best time (thi gian thun tin nht) - The only way (cch duy nht) - The first to discover this accident (ngi u tin pht hin tai nn ny) 6/ The + Danh t s t tng trng cho mt nhm th vt hoc vt V d: - The whale is in danger of becoming extinct (C voi ang trong nguy c tuyt chng) - The fast food has made life easier for housewives.(Thc n nhanh lm cho cc b ni tr c cuc

sng d dng hn) 7/ The c th dng Trc mt thnh vin ca mt nhm ngi nht nh V d: - The small shopkeeper is finding business increasingly difficult (Gii ch tim nh thy vic bun bn ngy cng kh khn) 8/ The + Danh t s tdng Trc mt ng t s t. i t l He / She /It V d: - The first-class passenger pays more so that he enjoys some comfort. (Hnh khch i v hng nht tr tin nhiu hn hng tin nghi thoi mi) 9/ The + Tnh ttng trng cho mt nhm ngi V d: -The old (ngi gi); the rich and the poor (ngi giu v ngi ngho) 10/ The dng Trc nhng danh t ring ch bin, sng, qun o, dy ni, tn gi s nhiu ca cc nc, sa mc, min V d: - The Pacific (Thi Bnh Dng);The Netherlands (H Lan) - The Crimea (Vng Crim); The Alps (dy Alps) 11/ The cng ng Trc nhng tn gi gm Danh t + of + danh t V d: - The Gulf of Mexico (Vnh Mhic) - The United States of America (Hip chng quc Hoa Kz). Nhng ngi ta li ni: - South Africa (Nam Phi), North America (Bc M), West Germany (Ty c),mc d The north of Spain (Bc Ty Ban Nha), The Middle East (Trung ng); The West (Ty Phng) 12 The + h ( s nhiu)ngha l Gia nh ... V d:The Smiths = Gia nh Smith (v chng Smith v cc con) Khng dng mo t xc nh

1/ Trc tn quc gia, tn chu lc, tn ni, tn h, tn ng. V d: Europe (Chu u), South America (Nam M), France (Php quc), Downing Street (Ph Downing) 2/ Khi danh t khng m c hoc danh t s nhiu dng theo ngha chung nht, ch khng ch ring trng hp no.

V d: - I don't like French beer (Ti chng thch bia ca Php) - I don't like Mondays (Ti chng thch ngy th hai) 3/ Trc danh t tru tng, tr phi danh t ch mt trng hp c bit. V d: - Men fear death (Con ngi s ci cht) Nhng: - The death of the President made his country acephalous (ci cht ca vtng thng khin cho t nc ng khng c ngi lnh o). 4/ Saus hu tnh t(possessive adjective) hoc sau danh t s hu cch(possessive case) . V d: - My friend, ch khng ni My the friend - The girl's mother = the mother of the girl (M ca c gi) 5/ Trc tn gi cc ba n. V d: -They invited some friends to dinner. (H mi vi ngi bn n n ti) Nhng: - The wedding breakfast was held in a beautiful garden (Ba tic ci c t chc trong mt khu vn xinh p) 6/ Trc cc tc hiu. V d: - President Roosevelt (Tng thng Roosevelt) - King Louis XIV of France (Vua Louis XIV ca Php) 7/ Trong cc trng hp sau y: - Women are always fond of music (Ph n lun thch m nhc) - Come by car/by bus (n bng xe t/xe byt) - In spring/in autumn (Vo ma xun/ma thu), last night (m qua), next year(nm ti), from beginning to end (t u ti cui), from left to right (t tri sang phi). - To play golf/chess/cards (chi gn/ nh c/nh bi) Lu { Nature mang ngha "T nhin , thin nhin " th khng dng the. V d: - According to the laws of nature (Theo quy lut t nhin) - They couldn't tolerate city life anymore and went back to nature(H khng chu ni i sng thnh th na v tr v vi thin nhin)

He listened to the radio(Anh ta nghe rai), nhng He watchedtelevision(Anh ta xem TV) ; hoc He heard it on the radio(Anh ta nghe c vic trn rai), nhng He saw it on TV(Anh ta thy vic trn TV). 1/ A ng trc mt ph m hoc mt nguyn m c m l ph m. V d: - a game (mt tr chi); a boat (mt chic tu thy) - a university (mt trng i hc);a year (mt nm) - a European (mt ngi u); a one-legged man (mt ngi tht chn)

2/ An ng trc mt nguyn m hoc mt m cm V d: - an egg (mt qu trng);an ant (mt con kin) - an honour (mt nim vinh d); an hour (mt gi ng h)

3/ An cng ng trc cc mu t c bit c nh mt nguyn m. V d: - an SOS (mt tn hiu cp cu); an MSc (mt thc s khoa hc), an X-ray (mt tia X)

4/ A/An c hnh thc ging nhau tt c cc ging, loi V d: - a tiger (mt con cp);a tigress (mt con cp ci) - an uncle (mt ng ch);an aunt (mt b d)

Cch dng mo t bt nh

1/ Trc mt danh t s t m c. V d: - We need a microcomputer (Chng ti cn mt my vi tnh) - He eats an ice-cream (Anh ta n mt cy kem)

2/ Trc mt danh t lm b tc t (k c danh t ch ngh nghip) V d: - It was a tempest( l mt trn bo d di) - She'll be a musician (C ta s l mt nhc s) - Peter is an actor (Peter l mt din vin)

3/Trong cc thnh ng ch s lng nht nh V d: - a lot (nhiu); a couple (mt cp/i); a third (mt phn ba) - a dozen (mt t); a hundred (mt trm); a quarter (mt phn t) Lu { a cng c dng trc half(na, ri), khi half theo sau mt snguyn vn. Chng hn, 2 1/2 kilos = two and half kilos hoc two kilos and a half (hai k ri), nhng1/2 Kg = half a kilo(na k) [khng c a trc half+.i khi ngi ta vn dng a + half + danh t, chng hn nh a half-dozen (na t), a halflength (bc nh chp na ngi); a half-hour (na gi).

Khng dng mo t bt nh

1/ Trc danh t s nhiu

A/An khng c hnh thc s nhiu. V vy, s nhiu ca a cat l cats v ca an apple l apples .

2/ Trc danh t khng m c V d: - He gave us good advice (ng ta cho chng ti nhng li khuyn hay) - I write on paper (Ti ghi trn giy)

3/ Trc tn gi cc ba n, tr phi c tnh t ng trc cc tn gi V d: - They have lunch at eleven (h dng cm tra lc 11 gi) - You gave me an appetizing dinner (bn cho ti mt ba n ti tht ngon ming).

Tuy nhin, nu l ba n c bit nhn dp no , ngi ta vn dng mo t bt nh. V d: - I was invited to breakfast (ba im tm bnh thng) (Ti c mi n im tm). - We were invited to a dinner given to welcome the new director. (Chng ti c mi d ba n ti cho mng v gim c mi).

Ni ring vOne
One (tnh t/i t)dng vi another/others. V d: - One day they drink wine, another day they drink beer. (C ngy h ung ru, c ngy h ung bia). - One (student) wanted to watch TV,another/others wanted to play chess (C ngi (sinh vin) mun xem TV, ngi khc li mun nh c)

C th dng One trc day(ngy) /week(tun) /month(thng)/ year(nm)/summer(ma h)/winter(ma ng) ... ch mt thi gian c bit no . V d: - One night there was a persistent rain. (Mt m n, tri ma dai dng) - One day you'll be sorry you spoke highly of your neighbours. (Mt ngy no , bn s n hn l ca ngi nhng ngi lng ging ca mnh)

One cng l mt i t tng ng ca A/An. V d: - Did you get a seat? - Yes, I managed to get one. (Bn tm c mt ch ngi cha? - Vng, ti xoay s c mt ch ngi) S nhiu ca One theo cch ny l Some (vi, mt t). V d:

- Did you get a refrigerator? - Yes, we managed to get some. (Cc bn mua c t lnh cha? - Vng, chng ti xoay s c vi ci).

Cc bn in mo t vo ch trng: 1. This is..a........beautiful painting. Does..........artist live near here? 2. I bought..........new toothbrush his morning and I can't find it. I'm sure I put it in..........bathroom. 3. Can you get..........fresh cream cake when you go out?..........shop on..........corner usually sells it. 4. It's.......... very nice school and ..........teachers are all very hard-working. 5. "Look! There's ..........cat in ..........garden." "Yes, it's ..........cat from next door." 6. There's.......... man at ..........door. He wants to see you. 7. We stayed in.......... very nice hotel. ..........room was comfortable and ..........food was excellent. 8. I bought ..........new jacket last week but yesterday two of ..........buttons came off. I'm taking it back to ..........shop. 9. I had ..........bath this morning but ..........water was a bit cold. 10. I was at ..........airport, waiting for ..........friend to arrive. __________________

Tr Li v Thnh Cng