ADDITION OF FRACTIONS:

There are 3 Simple Steps to add fractions:

Step 1: Make sure the bottom numbers (the denominators) are the same Step 2: Add the top numbers (the numerators). Put the answer over

the denominator.
Step 3: Simplify the fraction (if needed).

Example 1:
1 4 + 1 4

Step 1. The bottom numbers (the denominators) are already the same. Go straight to step 2. Step 2. Add the top numbers and put the answer over the same denominator:

1 4
Step 3. Simplify the fraction:

1 4

1+1 4

2 4

2 4

1 2

Example 2:
1 3
Step 1: The bottom numbers are different. We need to make them the same before we can continue, because we can't add them like that.

1 6

The number "6" is twice as big as "3", so to make the bottom numbers the same we can multiply the top and bottom of the first fraction by 2, like this:

2
1 3 2 6

2
Important: you multiply both top and bottom by the same amount, to keep the value of the fraction the same
Now the fractions have the same bottom number ("6"). Step 2: Add the top numbers and put them over the same denominator:

2 6
Step 3: Simplify the fraction:

1 6

2+1 6

3 6

3 6

1 2

Example 3:
1 3
Again, the bottom numbers are different. But let us try dividing them into smaller sizes that will each be the same. The first fraction: by multiplying the top and bottom by 5 we ended up with 5/15 :

1 5

The second fraction: by multiplying the top and bottom by 3 we ended up with 3/15 :

3
1 5 3 15

3
The bottom numbers are now the same, so we can go ahead and add the top numbers. The answer is 8/15.

SUBTRACTION OF FARACTIONS: There are 3 simple steps to subtract fractions

Step 1. Make sure the bottom numbers (the denominators) are the same Step 2. Subtract the top numbers (the numerators). Put the answer over

the same denominator.

Step 3. Simplify the fraction.

Example 1:
3 4 1 4

Step 1. The bottom numbers are already the same. Go straight to step 2. Step 2. Subtract the top numbers and put the answer over the same denominator:

3 4
Step 3. Simplify the fraction:

1 4

31 4

2 4

2 4

1 2

MULTIPLICATION OF FRACTION:

There are 3 simple steps to multiply fractions

1. Multiply the top numbers (the numerators). 2. Multiply the bottom numbers (the denominators). 3. Simplify the fraction if needed.

Example 1
1 2
Step 1. Multiply the top numbers:

2 5

1 2

2 5

12

Step 2. Multiply the bottom numbers:

1 2
Step 3. Simplify the fraction:

2 5

12 25

2 10

2 10

1 5

Example 2
1 3
Step 1. Multiply the top numbers:

9 16

1 3

9 16

19

Step 2. Multiply the bottom numbers:

1 3
Step 3. Simplify the fraction:

9 16

19 3 16

9 48

9 48

3 16

DIVISION OF FRACTIONS: There are 3 Simple Steps to Divide Fractions:

Step 1. Turn the second fraction (the one you want to divide by) upside-down (this is now a reciprocal). Step 2. Multiply the first fraction by that reciprocal Step 3. Simplify the fraction (if needed)

Example 1
1 2 1 6

Step 1. Turn the second fraction upside-down (it becomes a reciprocal):

1 6

becomes

6 1

Step 2. Multiply the first fraction by that reciprocal:

1 2
Step 3. Simplify the fraction:

6 1

16 21

6 2

6 2

Example 2
1 8 1 4

Step 1. Turn the second fraction upside-down (the reciprocal):

1 4

becomes

4 1

Step 2. Multiply the first fraction by that reciprocal:

1 8
Step 3. Simplify the fraction:

4 1

14 81

4 8

4 8
And that is all you have to do.

1 2

Addition of Mixed Numbers:

Mixed numbers consist of an integer followed by a fraction.

How to add two mixed numbers whose fractions have the same denominator:

Add the numerators of the two fractions Place that sum over the common denominator. If this fraction is improper (numerator larger than or equal to the denominator) then convert it to a mixed number Add the integer portions of the two mixed numbers If adding the fractional parts created a mixed number then add its integer portion to the sum.

Example: 3 2/3 + 5 2/3 =

Add the fractional part of the mixed numbers Convert 4/3 to a mixed number Add the integer portions of the mixed numbers Add the integer from the sum of the fractions State the final answer:

2/3 + 2/3 = 4/3 4/3 = 1 1/3 3+5=8 8+1=9 9 1/3

Subtracting Mixed Numbers:

Mixed numbers consist of an integer followed by a fraction. How to subtract mixed numbers having the same denominator:

Make the first numerator larger than the second if it is not. Subtract the second numerator from the first Place that difference over the common denominator. Subtract the integer portions of the two mixed numbers State the answer
Example: 5 1/3 - 3 2/3 =

Make the first numerator larger than the 5 1/3 = 4 4/3 second Subtract the fractional parts of the mixed numbers Subtract the integer portions of the mixed numbers State the final answer: Multiplication of Mixed Numbers:
Mixed numbers consist of an integer followed by a fraction.

4/3 - 2/3 = 2/3 4-3=1 1 2/3

Multiplying two mixed numbers:

Convert each mixed number to an improper fraction. Multiply the two numerators together. Multiply the two denominators together. Convert the result back to a mixed number if it is an improper fraction. Simplify the mixed number. Example: 6 2/8 * 3 5/9 =

Convert each mixed number to an improper fraction. Multiply the two numerators together. Multiply the two denominators together.

50/8

32/9

50 * 32 = 1600 8 * 9 = 72 16/72

Convert the result to a mixed 1600/72 = 22 number. Simplify the mixed number. 22 2/9

Division of Mixed Numbers:

Mixed numbers consist of an integer followed by a fraction.

Dividing two mixed numbers:

Convert each mixed number to an improper fraction. Invert the improper fraction that is the divisor. Multiply the two numerators together. Multiply the two denominators together. Convert the result back to a mixed number if it is an improper fraction. Simplify the mixed number.
Example: 6 2/8 3 5/9 =

Convert each mixed number to an improper fraction. Invert the improper fraction that is the divisor and multiply.

50/8 32/9 50/8 * 9/32

Multiply the two numerators together.

50 * 9 = 450

Multiply the two denominators 8 * 32 = 256 together. Convert the result back to a mixed number. Simplify the mixed number. 450/256 = 1 1 97/128 194/256