PROBLEM 5.

118
KNOWN: Thickness and thermal diffusivity of a plane wall. Initial and boundary conditions.

FIND: (a) Time required for the left face temperature to reach 50% of its maximum possible
temperature reduction and (b) Time required for the left face temperature to recover to a 20% temperature reduction when the right face temperature is returned to its initial value. SCHEMATIC:
x = 2 mm

h T = T5

L = 10 mm

ASSUMPTIONS: (1) One-dimensional heat transfer, (2) Constant properties. PROPERTIES: Thermal diffusivity, = 6 10-7 m2/s (given).

ANALYSIS: Using the IHT Finite-Difference Equation Tool Pad for One-Dimensional Transient
Conduction, the following temperatures may be computed using the IHT code in the Comments section. Note that for this solution, the conditions at the right face have been incorporated by specifying a very large convection coefficient at the right face so that T5 T. (a) For cooling conditions, the initial temperature is arbitrarily set to unity, and T = Ts,r = 0.5. If a steady-state solution were achieved, it would correspond to a uniform wall temperature of Tss = Ts,r = 0.5. Hence we seek to determine the time when T0 = (Ti + Ts,r)/2 = 0.75. The following representative results are obtained using a time step of t = 2 s. t(s) 20 40 60 64 T0 0.952 0.852 0.765 0.750 T1 0.937 0.835 0.752 0.738 T2 0.888 0.787 0.714 0.702 T3 0.798 0.710 0.656 0.647 T4 0.665 0.611 0.582 0.577 T5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5

<

(b) For the heating conditions, we set the initial conditions in IHT to the temperatures shown at t = 64 in the table above. We set T = 1 and monitor the transient response of the system. The following representative results are obtained. t(s) 20 40 60 80 94 T0 0.735 0.789 0.840 0.880 0.902 T1 0.741 0.798 0.848 0.886 0.907 T2 0.763 0.826 0.870 0.903 0.921 T3 0.812 0.872 0.906 0.930 0.943 T4 0.893 0.932 0.950 0.963 0.970 T5 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0

<
Continued

PROBLEM 5.118 (Cont.) COMMENTS: (1) The IHT Code for cooling and heating is shown below. (2) Note the thermal
response of T0 after heating ensues at the right face. The value of T0 continues to decrease for a short time before it begins to increase in value. Does this make sense to you? (3) Part (a) was solved analytically in Problem 5.57 yielding t = 63 s. The numerical and analytical solutions are in agreement to within an uncertainty associated with the time step of t = 2 s.

/* Node 0: surface node (w-orientation); transient conditions; e labeled 1. */ rho * cp * der(T0,t) = fd_1d_sur_w(T0,T1,k,qdot,deltax,Tinf,h1,qfla0) /* Node 1: interior node; e and w labeled e and 0. */ rho*cp*der(T1,t) = fd_1d_int(T1,T2,T0,k,qdot,deltax) /* Node 2: interior node; e and w labeled 3 and 1. */ rho*cp*der(T2,t) = fd_1d_int(T2,T3,T1,k,qdot,deltax) /* Node 3: interior node; e and w labeled 4 and 2. */ rho*cp*der(T3,t) = fd_1d_int(T3,T4,T2,k,qdot,deltax) /* Node 4: interior node; e and w labeled 4 and 3. */ rho*cp*der(T4,t) = fd_1d_int(T4,T5,T3,k,qdot,deltax) /* Node 5: surface node (e-orientation); transient conditions; w labeled 4. */ rho * cp * der(T5,t) = fd_1d_sur_e(T5,T4,k,qdot,deltax,Tinf,h2,qfla5) // Cooling //Tinf = 0.5 //Heating Tinf = 1.0 h1 = 0 h2 = 1*10^10 qfla0 = 0 qfla5 = 0 deltax = 2/1000 qdot = 0

//Initial Conditions are T = 1.0 everywhere. //Initial Conditions are the temperatures at t = 64 s. //Insulated left wall //Right wall at Tinf since h2 is nearly infinite //Zero applied heat flux at left wall //Zero applied heat flux at right wall //meters //W/m^3

// Set k, rho and cp values so that alpha = k/(rho*cp) = 6*10^-7 m2/s k = 6*10^-7 rho = 1 cp =1 //W/m-K //kg //J/kg-K