PROBLEM5.

123
KNOWN: Thickness, initial temperature, speed and thermophysical properties of steel in a thin-slab
continuous casting process. Surface convection conditions.
FIND: Time required to cool the outer surface to a prescribed temperature. Corresponding value of
the midplane temperature and length of cooling section.
SCHEMATIC:
Cast steel, T = 1400 C
i
o
Symmetry plane
T = 50 C
o
oo
h = 5000 W/m -K
2
Water jets
= 7800 kg/m
3
k = 30 W/m-K
c = 700 J/kg-K
T
10
T
9
T
8
T
10 T
2
T
1
T
0
L = 100 mm
V = 15 mm/s
Ax = 10 mm x
ASSUMPTIONS: (1) One-dimensional conduction, (2) Negligible radiation at quenched surfaces,
(3) Symmetry about the midplane, (4) Constant properties.
ANALYSIS: Adopting the implicit scheme, the finite-difference equation for the cooled surface
node is given by Eq. (5.96), from which it follows that
( )
p 1 p 1 p
10 9 10
1 2Fo 2FoBi T 2FoT 2FoBi T T
+ +

+ + = +
The general form of the finite-difference equation for any interior node (1 to 9) is given by Eq. (5.97),
( )
( )
p 1 p 1 p 1 p
m m
m 1 m 1
1 2Fo T Fo T T T
+ + +
+
+ + =
The finite-difference equation for the midplane node may be obtained by applying the symmetry
requirement to Eq. (5.94); that is,
p p
m 1 m 1
T T .
+
= Hence,
( )
p 1 p 1 p
0 1 0
1 2Fo T 2FoT T
+ +
+ =
For the prescribed conditions, Bi = hAx/k = 5000 W/m
2
K (0.010m)/30 W/mK = 1.67. If the explicit
method were used, the stability requirement would be given by Eq. (5.87). Hence, for Fo(1 + Bi) s
0.5, Fo s 0.187. With Fo = oAt/Ax
2
and o = k/c = 5.49 10
-6
m
2
/s, the corresponding restriction on
the time increment would be At s 3.40s. Although no such restriction applies for the implicit method,
a value of At = 1s is chosen, and the set of 11 finite-difference equations is solved using the Tools
option designated as Finite-Difference Equations, One-Dimensional and Transient from the IHT
Toolpad. For T
10
(t) = 300C, the solution yields
t 161s = <
Continued
PROBLEM 5.123 (Cont.)
( )
0
T t 1364 C = <
With a casting speed of V = 15 mm/s, the length of the cooling section is
( )
cs
L Vt 0.015m/ s 161s 2.42m = = = <
COMMENTS: (1) With Fo = ot/L
2
= 0.088 < 0.2, the one-term approximation to the exact solution
for one-dimensional conduction in a plane wall cannot be used to confirm the foregoing results.
However, using the exact solution from the Models, Transient Conduction, Plane Wall Option of IHT,
values of T
0
= 1366C and T
s
= 200.7C are obtained and are in good agreement with the finite-
difference predictions. The accuracy of these predictions could still be improved by reducing the
value of Ax.
(2) Temperature histories for the surface and midplane nodes are plotted for 0 < t < 600s.
While T
10
(600s) = 124C, T
o
(600s) has only dropped to 879C. The much slower thermal
response at the midplane is attributable to the small value of o and the large value of Bi =
16.67.
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
Time (s)
100
300
500
700
900
1100
1300
1500
T
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
e
(
C
)
Midplane
Cooled surface