Mendoza, Julius Devera Co12

SOLUBILITY
Abstract The purpose of this experiment is to determine, from the samples that were given to me, which solutes will dissolve in three different solvents with different polarities. First, nine clean cups are prepared. Three cups for water (polar solvent), three cups for ethyl alcohol (polar- non-polar solvent) and three cups for kerosene (non-polar). Salt, naphthalene powder and oil was mixed with the three different solvents. Observation was recorded. Since salt is an ionic compound, salt is soluble in water, slightly soluble in ethyl alcohol and insoluble in kerosene; Since naphthalene powder is non-polar compound, naphthalene powder is insoluble in water, slightly soluble in ethyl alcohol and soluble in kerosene; Since oil is a non-polar compound, oil is immiscible in water, slightly miscible in ethyl alcohol and miscible in kerosene. Therefore I can conclude that solubility of compounds depends if their polarity with the solvent is the same. Introduction The solubility of a solute (a dissolved substance) in a solvent (the dissolving medium) is the most important chemical principle underlying three major techniques you will study in the organic chemistry laboratory: crystallization, extraction, and chromatography. In this experiment on solubility you will gain an understanding of the structural features of a substance that determine its solubility in various solvents. This understanding will help you to predict solubility behavior and to understand the techniques that are based on this property. Objective A major goal of this experiment is to learn how to make predictions about whether or not a substance will be soluble in a given solvent. A generalization which is very useful in predicting solubility behavior is the widely used rule, "Like dissolves like." This rule is most commonly applied to polar and non-polar compounds. According to this rule, a polar solvent will dissolve polar (or ionic) compounds and a nonpolar solvent will dissolve non-polar compounds.

In one part of this experiment, you will determine whether a compound is soluble or insoluble in a given solvent. You should keep in mind that this is actually an over simplification since some solids may be partially soluble in a given solvent. If the organic compound being dissolved in a solvent is a liquid, then it is sometimes more appropriate to say that the compound and the solvent are miscible (mix homogeneously in all proportions). Likewise, if the liquid compound is insoluble in the solvent, then they are immiscible (do not mix, and form two liquid phases).

Materials and Apparatus 9 clean cups Water Ethyl alcohol Kerosene Salt Naphthalene powder Cooking Oil

Procedure 1. Fill three cups with water and label it as cup 1, cup 2 and cup 3. 2. Fill three cups with ethyl alcohol and label it as cup 4, cup 5 and cup 6. 3. Fill three cups with kerosene and label it as cup 7, cup 8 and cup 9. 4. Mix salt on cup 1, cup 4 and cup 7 then stir. Record your observation. 5. Mix naphthalene powder on cup 2, cup 5 and cup 8 then stir. Record your observation. 6. Mix oil on cup 3, cup 6 and cup 9 then stir. Record your observation.

Results and Discussion Water Salt soluble Naphthalene insoluble Cooking oil immiscible

Ethyl Alcohol slightly soluble slightly soluble slightly miscible

Kerosene insoluble

soluble miscible

Conclusion I can therefore conclude that solubility of compounds depends if their polarity with the solvent is the same. And the rule, Like dissolves like is true and very useful.