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CALCULATION OF DRIVE PERFORMANCE FOR U 650 TRACTOR
EQUIPPED WITH SUPPLEMENTARY HYDROSTATIC TRANSMISSIONS
/
CALCULUL PERFORMANELOR DE TRACIUNE ALE TRACTORULUI U 650
ECHIPAT CU TRANSMISIE HIDROSTATIC SUPLIMENTAR

Assoc. Prof. Ph.D. Eng. Popa Gh.
1)
, Lect. Ph.D. Eng. Constantinescu A.
1)
,
Assoc. Prof. Ph.D. Eng. Dumitru I.
1)
,

Ph.D. Eng. Vldut V.
2
)
1)
University of Craiova, Faculty of Mechanics;
2)
INMA Bucharest
Tel: 0743 932 166; Fax: 0251 416630; E-mail:departarmia@yahoo.com


Abstract: The paper presents the calculation of traction of
a tractor equipped with additional hydrostatic transmission
of mechanical transmission. The variation of the hydraulic
parameters the working liquid pressure, the hydraulic
pump delivery modify the parameters of the hydraulic
motor the rotation speed of the motor axle, the motor
torque and, also, the traction performances of the tractor.
Also, wheeled traction performance are influenced by
constructive and functional parameters of tractor tire,
parameters influencing the interaction between the
ground and wheels.

Keywords: the traction characteristic, hydraulic
parameters, hydrostatic transmission, wheels slip.

INTRODUCTION
Universal tractor U 650, equipped with mechanical
transmission of construction can not achieve low speeds
(slow), because at low speed running of the internal
combustion engine, speed is not constant and stable.
Therefore, to achieve a low speed gear train of the
tractor is used by supplementary hydrostatic
transmissions through a more normal hydrostatic system of
the tractor.
Using the hydrostatic transmission allows continuous
change of transmission ratio.
Adjustment of the running speed and transmitted
torque size to the tractor wheels is achieved by different
types of automatic controls, which accomplishes two basic
operating modes.
- constant power regime, P = ct;
- regime of constant velocity, v = ct
The first operating system is more economical because
the tractor engine can work all the time at rated power with
lower fuel consumption, while the thrust and speed are
variable.
The second mode is used in certain kinds of works that
need a constant speed. The regime is characterized by
variable traction forces and speed v = ct. making the
required engine power to be variable.
Tractor engine works in different partial load regimes
characterized by specific fuel consumption values
compared with the first regime.
Rezumat: n lucrare este prezentat calculul de traciune al
unui tractor echipat cu transmisie hidrostatic suplimentar
transmisiei mecanice. Variaia parametrilor hidraulici-
presiunea lichidului de lucru, creat de pompa hidraulic-
modific parametrii motorului hidraulic-viteza de rotaie a
arborelui motorului, cuplul motorului- i, de asemenea,
performanele de traciune ale tractorului.
De asemenea, performanele de traciune sunt
influenate de parametrii constructivi i funcionali ai
anvelopelor tractorului, parametrii care influeneaz
interaciunea dintre roi i sol.

Cuvinte cheie: caracteristica de traciune, parametrii
hidraulici, transmisie hidrostatic, patinare roi.

INTRODUCERE
Tractorul universal U 650, echipat din construcie cu transmisie
mecanic nu poate realiza viteze reduse (lente), deoarece la
turaii reduse de funcionare a motorului cu ardere interna,
viteza de deplasare nu este constant i stabil.
De aceea, pentru realizarea unor viteze foarte mici se
utilizeaz antrenarea transmisiei tractorului prin intermediul unei
transmisii hidrostatice suplimentare, utiliznd instalaia
hidrostatic obinuit a tractorului.
Utilizarea transmisiei hidrostatice permite modificarea
continu a raportului de transmitere.
Reglarea vitezei de deplasare i a mrimii momentului
motor transmis ctre roile tractorului se realizeaz prin
diferite genuri de regulatoare automate, care realizeaz
dou regimuri de funcionare de baz:
- regimul de putere constant, P = ct;
- regimul de vitez constant, v = ct.
Primul regim de funcionare este mai economic, deoarece
motorul tractorului poate lucra tot timpul la puterea
nominal, cu un consum mai mic de combustibil, n timp ce
fora de traciune i viteza de deplasare sunt variabile.
Al doilea regim este folosit la anumite feluri de lucrri,
care au nevoie de o vitez constant. Regimul se caracterizeaz
prin fore de traciune variabile i vitez v = ct. ceea ce face
ca puterea solicitat motorului s fie variabil.
Motorul tractorului lucreaz n diferite regimuri de
sarcin parial caracterizate de consumuri specifice de
combustibil mai mari n comparaie cu primul regim.

MATERIAL AND METHOD
1. CONSTRUCTIVE SOLUTION FOR SUPPLEMENTARY
HYDROSTATIC TRANSMISSION OF THE TRACTOR
U650
At the choice of the placement scheme and additional
hydrostatic drive transmission for obtaining slow cruise
speeds of the tractor 650 U were analyzed the functional
and structural characteristics of its mechanical transmission
and characteristics of the hydraulic installation of this type
of tractor, adopting a constructive functional solution given
in Figure 1.

MATERIAL I METOD
1. SOLUIA CONSTRUCTIV-FUNCIONAL PENTRU
TRANSMISIA HIDROSTATIC SUPLIMENTARA A
TRACTORULUI U 650
La adoptarea schemei de amplasare i acionare a
transmisiei hidrostatice suplimentare pentru obinerea
vitezelor lente de deplasare a tractorului pe roi tip U 650 s-
au analizat caracteristicile funcionale i constructive ale
transmisiei mecanice a acestuia, precum i caracteristicile
instalaiei hidraulice care echipeaz acest tip de tractor,
adoptndu-se soluia constructiv funcionala dat n figura 1.
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Fig. 1 - Transmission scheme of the tractor U 650 with additional hydrostatic transmission for getting slow speeds /
Schema transmisiei tractorului U 650 cu transmisia hidrostatic suplimentara pentru obinerea vitezelor lente

Hydrostatic power flow circuit consists of PH hydraulic
pump (driven by the tractor engine through a gear shaft
placed on the independent power outlet) and MH
hydrostatic engine, a gear placed at the entrance consists
of a pair of cylindrical gears Z1 and Z2, which causes
cylindrical gear wheel Z3 corresponding to I step on the
secondary shaft of the gearbox of the tractor. Gear
housing cover is mounted on the left side of the gearbox
(in place of the gear coupling belt washers). Movement of
the secondary shaft of the gearbox is transmitted to the
central transmission (tapering group) 2, 3 differential, final
drive reaching five wheels of the rear axle of the tractor).
Hydraulic connection between the pump and motor
hydrostatic MH PH is via hydraulic distributor DH (type
3/4) and drosel (hydraulic resistance) to regulate power
flow hydrostatic motor.
Due to the scheme shown in figure 1, figure 2 shows
the additional hydrostatic transmission scheme adapted to
the tractor U 650.
Circuitul fluxului de putere hidrostatic este format din
pompa hidraulic PH (antrenat de motorul tractorului prin
angrenajul plasat pe arborele 1 al prizei de putere independente)
i motorul hidrostatic MH, plasat la intrarea unui reductor
format dintr-o pereche de roi dinate cilindrice Z1 i Z2, care
antreneaz roata dinat cilindric Z3 corespunztoare treptei
I de pe arborele secundar al cutiei de viteze a tractorului. Carcasa
reductorului este montat pe capacul lateral din stnga al
cutiei de viteze (n locul de cuplare al reductorului aibei de curea).
Micarea de la arborele secundar al cutiei de viteze se transmite
la transmisia central (grupul conic) 2, diferenialul 3,
transmisia final 4, ajungnd la roile motoare 5 ale punii din
spate a tractorului). Legtura hidraulic dintre pompa PH i
motorul hidrostatic MH se face prin intermediul distribuitorului
hidraulic DH (tip 3/4) i un drosel (rezisten hidraulic) pentru
reglarea debitului de alimentare a motorului hidrostatic.
n baza schemei de principiu prezentat n figura 1, n
figura 2 este prezentat schema transmisiei hidrostatice
suplimentare adaptat la tractorul U 650.


Fig. 2 - Additional hydrostatic transmission scheme operating gearbox secondary shaft applied to tractor U 650 /
Schema transmisiei hidrostatice suplimentare care acioneaz arborele secundar al cutiei de viteze aplicat la tractorul U 650

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Hydraulic pump 2 is driven by a diesel tractor
engine using the gear 7 and is coupled through
hydraulic distributor 5 (Type 4/3), the hydrostatic motor
3. Hydrostatic motor 3 drives, the transmission shaft
13, a mechanical gearbox, comprising a pair of
cylindrical gears z1 and z2. From gear the cylindrical
toothed wheel z3 is training corresponding to step I of
the secondary shaft of the gearbox 9 a tractor.
Power transmission through the rear engine deck 10
and the final transmission shaft 11 movement is
transmitted to the tractor wheels 12.
The hydraulic pump flow 2 which is sent to the
hydrostatic motor 3 can change (adjust), within certain
limits, with a flow controller that consists of four adjustable
devices , pressure in the system is adjusted with pressure
limiting valve 6, excess oil reaching tank 8.
Mechanical transmission of the output shaft of the
hydrostatic motor and wheels of the tractor consists of a
shaft and a mechanical gearbox, gears composed of z1 and
z2, which engage with toothed wheel z3 corresponding to
stage I of the secondary shaft box speeds.
The central transmission 10 of the rear axle,
comprising bevel gears z4 and z5, the movement is
transmitted to the final drive 11, consisting of Z6 and
Z7 gears. Total transmission ratio of gear set is i tr2 =
27.73.

2. TRACTORS' TRACTION CHARACTERISTICS
CALCULATION EQUIPPED WITH ADDITIONAL
HYDROSTATIC TRANSMISSION
Using MathCAD program was reached by computer
simulation the graphic design feature traction of the
tractor U650 equipped with additional hydrostatic
transmission.
Determination of traction characteristic of U 650
tractor equipped with additional hydrostatic transmission,
using MathCAD program was made using the matrix
method: flow changed by lines varying the tractor engine
speed and columns - by varying the pump flow.
As input data to calculate the traction of the tractor
equipped with additional hydrostatic transmission three
groups of parameters are used.
- Constructive and functional parameters of the tractor
(engine features, transmission parameters, the
parameters wheels, tractor weight, etc.)
- Constructive and functional parameters of hydrostatic
transformer consist of a hydrostatic pump and
additional hydrostatic engine;
- Parameters related to interaction of the main wheels
tires and road.
Figure 3 presents a sequence of calculation of traction
characteristic by Mathcad program using as input
parameters of tractor and hydrostatic transmission,
respectively interaction with the ground wheels: operating
weight of the tractor, rated engine speed, engine speed at
maximum, maximum engine speed (at idle), the geometric
volume of hydrostatic pump, hydrostatic motor geometric
volume, working hydraulic fluid pressure, hydrostatic
pump efficiency, hydrostatic engine performance, engine
volumetric efficiency of hydrostatic transmission ratio of
the mechanical transmission of the tractor engine and
hydraulic pump shaft, the transmission ratio between
motor shaft hydrostatic mechanical transmission and drive
wheels of the tractor, mechanical efficiency of the motor
shaft hydrostatic transmission and drive wheels the tractor
wheels of the tractor beam, the weight of the tractor
weight adherent, angular coefficient of straight slip
approximation, the coefficient of adhesion of tractor
wheels on concrete, the coefficient of rolling resistance
tractor wheels on concrete.
Pompa hidraulic 2 este antrenat de motorul tractorului
Diesel 1 folosind reductorul 7 i este cuplat, prin intermediul
distribuitorului hidraulic 5 (tip 4/3), la motorul hidrostatic 3.
Motorul hidrostatic 3 antreneaz, prin transmisia cardanic
13, un reductor mecanic, format dintr-o pereche de roi
dinate cilindrice z1 i z2. De la reductor se antreneaz roata
dinat cilindric z3 care corespunde treptei I de pe arborele
secundar al cutiei de viteze 9 a tractorului.
Prin intermediul transmisiei centrale 10 a punii motoare
din spate i a transmisiilor finale 11 micarea se transmite
la arborii roilor motoare 12 ale tractorului.
Debitul pompei hidraulice 2 care este trimis la motorul
hidrostatic 3 se poate modifica (regla), ntre anumite limite,
cu ajutorul unui regulator de debit format din droselul reglabil
4, presiunea n sistem fiind reglat cu ajutorul supapei de
limitare a presiunii 6, surplusul de ulei ajungnd n rezervorul 8.
Transmisia mecanic dintre arborele de ieire al motorului
hidrostatic i roile motoare ale tractorului are n componen
un arbore cardanic i un reductor mecanic, format din roile
dinate z1i z2, care angreneaz cu roat dinat z3, corespunztoare
treptei I de pe arborele secundar al cutiei de viteze.
Prin transmisia central 10 a punii din spate, format din
roile dinate conice z4 i z5, micarea se transmite la
transmisia final 11, format din roile dinate z6 i z7.
Raportul total de transmitere al transmisiei menionate
este itr2 = 27,73.

2. CALCULUL CARACTERISTICII DE TRACIUNE A
TRACTORULUI U 650 ECHIPAT CU TRANSMISIE
HIDROSTATIC SUPLIMENTAR
Utiliznd programul Mathcad s-a realizat, prin
simulare pe calculator, construcia grafic a caracteristicii
de traciune a tractorului U 650 echipat cu transmisie
hidrostatic suplimentar.
Determinarea caracteristicii de traciune a tractorului U
650 echipat cu transmisie hidrostatic suplimentar, cu
ajutorul programului Mathcad, s-a fcut folosind metoda
matricial: pe linii debitul s-a modificat prin variaia turaiei motorului
tractorului, iar pe coloane prin variaia debitului pompei.
Ca date de intrare pentru calculul de traciune a
tractorului echipat cu transmisie hidrostatic suplimentar
sunt folosite trei grupe de parametri:
- parametrii constructivi i funcionali ai tractorului
(caracteristicile motorului, parametrii transmisiei,
parametrii roilor motoare, greutatea tractorului etc.);
- parametrii constructivi i funcionali ai transformatorului
hidrostatic format din pompa hidrostatic a tractorului
i motorul hidrostatic suplimentar;
- parametrii referitori la interaciunea pneurilor roilor
motoare cu solul (drumul).
n figura 3 este prezentat o secven de calcul a
caracteristicii de traciune din programul Mathcad, folosind ca
date de intrare parametrii constructivi ai tractorului i
transmisiei hidrostatice, respectiv interaciunea roilor motoare
cu solul: greutatea de exploatare a tractorului, turaia nominal
a motorului, turaia motorului la momentul maxim, turaia
maxim a motorului (la mers in gol), volumul geometric al
pompei hidrostatice, volumul geometric al motorului hidrostatic,
presiunea lichidului hidraulic de lucru, randamentul pompei
hidrostatice, randamentul motorului hidrostatic, randamentul
volumic al motorului hidrostatic, raportul de transmitere al
transmisiei mecanice dintre arborele motorul tractorului i
pompa hidraulic, raportul de transmitere al transmisiei
mecanice dintre arborele motorului hidrostatic i roile motoare
ale tractorului, randamentul transmisiei mecanice dintre
arborele motorului hidrostatic i roile motoare ale tractorului,
raza roilor motoare ale tractorului, ponderea greutii aderente
a tractorului, coeficientul unghiular al dreptei de aproximare a
patinrii, coeficientul de aderen a roilor tractorului pe beton,
coeficientul de rezistent la rulare a roilor tractorului pe beton.
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Fig. 3 - Sequence feature of input traction calculation / Secven de calcul a caracteristicii de traciune privind datele de intrare

Figure 4 shows a sequence for calculating the traction
characteristic of MathCAD program to determine the
theoretical characteristic curves of traction.
n figura 4 este prezentat o secven de calcul a
caracteristicii de traciune din programul Mathcad pentru
determinarea curbelor caracteristicii teoretice de traciune.



Fig. 4 - Sequence for the determination of traction curves characteristic /
Secven de calcul pentru determinarea curbelor caracteristicii de traciune

RESULTS
Torque variation of the hydrostatic engine depending
on the rotation speed of the motor shaft at different flow
rates for different hydrostatic engine settings as
represented in Figure 5
It is noted that the torque varies over a hyperbolic law,
having the same maximum 618.794 Nm and minimum
396.633 Nm value regardless of stage hydrostatic flow
control engine.
Curve 1 represents the time variation of torque Mi,0,
and 5 change the torque curve Mi,4.
REZULTATE
Variaia momentului motorului hidrostatic n funcie de
turaia arborelui motorului hidrostatic, la diferite debite ale
motorului hidrostatic pentru diferite reglaje de debit ale
motorului hidrostatic este reprezentat n figura 5. Se
observ c momentul variaz dup o lege hiperbolic,
avnd aceeai valoare maxim de 618,794 Nm i minim
de 396,633 Nm indiferent de treapta de reglare a debitului
motorului hidrostatic.
Curba 1 reprezint variaia momentului Mi,0, iar curba
5 variaia momentului Mi,4.
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Fig. 5 - Torque variation depending on the rotation speed of hydrostatic motor shaft hydrostatic power flow at different hydrostatic engine / Variaia
momentului motorului hidrostatic n funcie de turaia arborelui motorului hidrostatic, la diferite debite de alimentare ale motorului hidrostatic
1 - for QM = 0,2 QM max; 2 - forQM = 0,4 QM max; 3 - for QM = 0,6 QMmax;
4 - for QM = 0,8 QM max; 5 - for QM = QM max./


Variation of traction force Ft = Fti,0 depending on
speed of the tractor engine tractor is given us in figure 6.
Note that the speed range 1250-1325 rot/min thrust is
constant with value Ft = Ftmax =19371 N, then decreases
to the value of 12933N tractor engine speed of 1250
rot/min.
Variaia forei de traciune Ft = Fti,0 a tractorului n funcie
de turaia ni a motorului tractorului este dat n figura 6. Se
observ c n intervalul de turaii 1250 - 1325 rot/min fora de
traciune este constant, avnd valoarea Ft = Ftmax = 19371
N, dup care scade pn la valoarea de 12933 N pentru
turaia tractorului de 1250 rot/min.


Fig. 6 - Variation of traction strength depending on the tractor engine speed /
Variaia forei de traciune n funcie de turaia motorului tractorului


Determination of slip curve and the actual cruise speed
of the tractor to do with equations:
Determinarea curbei patinrii i a vitezelor reale de
deplasare a tractorului se face cu relaiile:



j i
j i j i
j i
m
m m
m m j i
D
B A
if
,
, ,
,
2
max ,
, 1 , :
(1)
3
10
:
,
,
G
F
m
m
m
j i
j i
,
where: n care:

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9 , 0 :
max
G
F
m
a
m
;
4
3 : m A ;
2
:
m
B ;
4
:
2
m D .

The variation curve of slipping wheels depending
on traction force of tractor = f (Ft) and curves of
variation of real rates depending tractor thrust v = f(Ft)
for different levels of control flow pump are shown in
Figure 7.
Curba de variaie a patinrii roilor motoare n funcie
de fora de traciune a tractorului = f (Ft) i curbele de
variaie a vitezelor reale ale tractorului n funcie de fora
de traciune a tractorului v= f (Ft) pentru diferite trepte de
reglaj a debitului pompei sunt prezentate n figura 7.


Fig. 7 - Actual speed and slip variation depending on different thrust settings to power flow hydrostatic engine / Variaia vitezei reale i a
patinrii n funcie de fora de traciune pentru diferite reglaje ale debitului de alimentare a motorului hidrostatic:
1 - for QM = 0,2 QM max; 2 - for QM = 0,4 QM max; 3 - for QM = 0,6 QMmax;
4 for QM = 0,8 QM max; 5 - for QM = QM max.; 6- slipping.

It is noted that the actual cruise speed decreases
with increasing traction force to the minimum setting,
vi,0=0.347 km/h (curve 1) and maximum vi,4=1.735 km/h
(curve 5) at Fti,0 = 12933 N, up to values of 0.0071 km/h
or 0.036 km/h maximum traction force (Fti,0 = 19371 N),
tending to zero and increases with increasing slip
traction force from 8% to thrust Fti,0 = 12933 N, up to
97.2% maximum traction force Fti,0 = 19371 N, reaching
100% at forces greater than the maximum force of traction
(curve 6).
Determination of the variation curves of the tractor
drive power is the equation:
Se observ c vitezele reale de deplasare scad odat
cu creterea forei de traciune de la valoarea minim de
reglaj, vi,0= 0,347 km/h (curba 1), respectiv maxim vi,4 =
1,735 km/h (curba 5) la Fti,0 = 12933 N, pn la valorile
0,0071 km/h, respectiv 0,036 km/h la fora maxim de
traciune (Fti,0= 19371 N), tinznd ctre zero, iar patinarea
crete odat cu creterea forei de traciune de la 8 % la
fora de traciune Fti,0 = 12933 N, pn la 97,2 % la fora
maxim de traciune Fti,0= 19371 N, ajungnd la 100 % la
fore mai mari dect fora maxim de traciune (curba 6).
Determinarea curbelor de variaie a puterii de traciune
a tractorului se face cu relaia:
6 , 3
:
,
, ,
j i
j i j i
t
t t
v
F P
(2)
Curves of variation of the tractor drive power
depending on traction force Pt = f(Ft) for different pump
flow control steps are shown in Figure 8
It is noted that traction strength increases linearly with
increasing traction strength of minimum value, Pti,0= 1.355
kW for thrust, Fti,0 = 12933 N (curve 1) up to the maximum
Pti,4=6.904 kW power maximum traction, Fti,0=19371 N
(curve 5).
Curbele de variaie a puterii de traciune a tractorului n
funcie de fora de traciune Pt = f(Ft) pentru diferite trepte
de reglaj a debitului pompei sunt prezentate n figura 8.
Se observ c puterea de traciune crete liniar odat
cu creterea forei de traciune de la valoarea minim Pti,0
= 1,355 kW pentru fora de traciune Fti,0 = 12933 N (curba
1) pn la valoarea maxim Pti,4 = 6,904 kW pentru fora
maxim de traciune Fti,0 = 19371 N (curba 5).
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Fig. 8 - Change in traction strength based on different thrust settings to power the hydrostatic engine flow / Variaia puterii de traciune
n funcie de fora de traciune pentru diferite reglaje ale debitului de alimentare a motorului hidrostatic:
1 - for QM = 0,2 QM max; 2 - for QM = 0,4 QM max; 3 - for QM = 0,6 QMmax;
4 - for QM = 0,8 QM max; 5 - for QM = QM max. /
1 - pentru QM = 0,2 QM max; 2 - pentru QM = 0,4 QM max; 3 - pentru QM = 0,6 QMmax;
4 - pentru QM = 0,8 QM max; 5 - pentru QM = QM max.


CONCLUSIONS
1. Theoretical calculation of traction of the tractor equipped
with hydrostatic transmission further differs from the
calculation of tractor tractors equipped with mechanical
transmission and the normal hydrostatic transmission.
Theoretical performance of traction for the technical
system is quantified by a specific methodology with the
three groups of input parameters:
- constructive and functional parameters of the tractor
(engine features, transmission parameters, the
parameters wheels, tractor weight, etc.)
- constructive and functional parameters of the
hydrostatic transmission consists of a hydrostatic
pump and motor tractor additional hydrostatic;
- parameters related to interaction with tire tread
wheels (adhesion).
2. Thrust of the tractor speed decreases with increasing
hydrostatic motor shaft from 19371 to 12933 N;
3. Actual speed of cruise of the tractor decreases with
increasing traction force of the tractor, the maximum
speed of 1.735 km/h for QM = QM max thrust of 12933 N,
the minimum speed of 0.0071 km/h for QM = 0.2QM max
and maximum traction force of 19371 N;
4. Wheels slip with thrust increase from 8% of the tractor
for a minimum traction strength up to 97.2% for maximum
traction force.

REFERENCES
[1]. Babiciu P., Scripnic V. (1984) - Hydraulic systems of
tractors and agricultural machinery, Ceres Publishing
House, Bucharest;
[2]. Hlawitschka E. (1983) - Hydraulic fr die Landtechnik",
VEB Verlag Technik, Berlin;
[3]. onescu, Fl., .a. (1980) - Fluid mechanics and
hydraulic or pneumatic, Didactic and Pedagogic Publishing
House, Bucharest;
[4]. Nstsoiu S., Popescu, S., a.o. (1983) - Tractors
Didactic and Pedagogic Publishing House, Bucharest;
[5]. Popa Gh., a.o. (2009) - Research on the use of
additional hydrostatic transmissions for agricultural tractors
CONCLUZII
1. Calculul teoretic de traciune al tractorului echipat cu
transmisie hidrostatic suplimentar difer de calculul de
traciune al tractoarelor echipate cu transmisie mecanic
ct i de cele al transmisiei hidrostatice obinuite.
Performanele teoretice de traciune pentru acest sistem
tehnic se cuantific printr-o metodologie specific avnd
ca date de intrare trei grupe de parametri:
- parametrii constructivi i funcionali ai tractorului
(caracteristicile motorului, parametrii transmisiei,
parametrii roilor motoare, greutatea tractorului etc.);
- parametrii constructivi i funcionali ai transmisiei
hidrostatice format din pompa hidrostatic a
tractorului i motorul hidrostatic suplimentar;
- parametri referitori la interaciunea pneurilor roilor
motoare cu calea de rulare (aderena).
2. Fora de traciune a tractorului scade cu creterea turaiei
arborelui motorului hidrostatic de la 19371 N la 12933 N;
3. Viteza real de deplasare a tractorului scade cu creterea
forei de traciune a tractorului, de la viteza maxim de
1,735 km/h pentru QM = QM max i fora de traciune de
12933 N, la viteza minim de 0,0071 km/h pentru QM =
0,2 QM max i fora maxim de traciune de 19371 N;
4. Patinarea roilor motoare crete cu fora de traciune a
tractorului de la 8 % pentru fora minim de traciune, pn
la 97,2 % pentru fora maxim de traciune.

BIBLIOGRAFIE
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