Applied Maths I U III Solution

APPLI ED MATHS I
Sol u t i on :
CSVTU Ex am i n at i on
Pap er s

Depar t m ent of Mat hem at i cs
DI MAT

I NTEGRAL CALCULUS
UNIT III ( I Semester)
Depar t ment of Mat hemat i cs, DI MAT Page 2

APPLI ED MATHS I
Time Allowed : Three hours
Maximum Marks : 80
Minimum Pass Marks : 28
Note : Solve any two parts from each question. All questions carry equal marks.

UNIT III

I NTEGRAL CALCULUS

SOLUTION (Nov-Dec-2005)

(a) Obtain a reduction formula for (log )
m n
x x dx
}
and hence evaluate
1
5 3
0
(log ) x x dx
}
.
Ans:
,
(log )
m n
m n
I x x dx =
}

1 1 1
(log )
(log ) . .
1 1
m m n
n
x x n x
x dx
m m x
+ +
=
+ +
}

1
1
(log ) . .(log )
1 1
m
n m n
x n
x x x dx
m m
+
=
+ +
}

1
, , 1
(log ) .
1 1
m
n
m n m n
x n
I x I
m m
+
=
+ +
---------------------(1)
Now,
6
5 3 5
5,3 5,2
3
.(log ) (log ) .
6 6
x
I x x dx x I = =
}

6 6
3 2
5,1
3 2
(log ) . (log ) .
6 6 6 6
x x
x x I
(
=
(

6
3 6 2
5,1
1 1
(log ) . (log )
6 12 6
x
x x x I = +

6
6 3 6 2
5,0
1 1 1 1
(log ) (log ) log
6 12 6 6 6
x
x x x x x I
(
= +
(


6 3 6 2 6
5,0
1 1 1 1
(log ) (log ) log
6 12 36 36
x x x x x x I = +

6 3 6 2 6 5
1 1 1 1
(log ) (log ) log
6 12 36 36
x x x x x x x dx = +
}

6
6 3 6 2 6
1 1 1 1
(log ) (log ) log
6 12 36 36 6
x
x x x x x x = +

6 3 6 2 6 6
1 1 1 1
(log ) (log ) log
6 12 36 216
x x x x x x x = +

1
1
5 3 6 3 6 2 6 6
0 0
1 1 1 1
(log ) (log ) (log ) log
6 12 36 216
x x dx x x x x x x x
(
= +
(
}

1
5 3
0
1 1 1 1
(log ) 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
6 12 36 216
x x dx = + + +
}

1
5 3
0
1
(log )
216
x x dx =
}
(Ans)
(b) Find the entire length of the cardioids (1 cos ) r a = + . Also show that the
upper half is bisected by / 3 = .
Ans:

The Cardiod is symmetrical about the initial line and for its upper half
increases from 0 to .
Here sin
dr
a
d

=
So, Length of the curve
2
2
0
2
dr
r d
d
| |
= +
|
\ .
}

2 2 2 2
0
2 (1 cos ) sin a a d
= + +
}

2 2
0
2 1 2cos cos sin a d
= + + +
}


0
2 2(1 cos ) a d
= +
}
2
2
0
2 2.2cos a d
=
}

2
0
4 cos a d
=
}
2
0
4 .2sin a

= (

8 (1 0) 8 . a a = = -------(1)
Now, Length of the upper half of the curve is 4a.
Again Length of the arc from 0 = to / 3 =

2
/3
2
0
dr
r d
d
| |
= +
|
\ .
}

/3
2 2 2 2
0
(1 cos ) sin a a d
= + +
}

/3
2 2
0
1 2cos cos sin a d
= + + +
}

/3
0
2(1 cos ) a d
= +
}
/3
2
2
0
2.2cos a d
=
}

/3
2
0
2 cos a d
=
}
/3
2
0
2 .2sin a

= (

4 (1/ 2 0) 2 . a a = =
= half the length of the upper half of the cardiod.
(Proverd)
(c) Find the volume of the solid generated by revolving the ellipse
2 2
2 2
1
x y
a b
+ =
about the minor axis.
Ans:

About minor axis is about y-axis at 0 y b =
Volume
2
0
2
b
x dy =
}


2
2 2
2
0
2
b
a
a y dy
b
| |
=
|
\ .
}

2 3
2
2
0
2
3
b
a y
a y
b
( | |
=
( |
\ .

2 2
2
4
2
3 3
a b a b
a b

| |
= =
|
\ .
(ans)

SOLUTION (Apr-May-2006)

(a) If n is a positive integer then prove that
/ 2
1
0
cos .cos
2
n
n
x nxdx
+
=
}
.
Ans:
,
cos cos
m
m n
I x nxdx =
}

( )
,
cos cos cos cos
m m
m n
d
I x nxdx nxdx x dx
dx
=
} } }

1
,
sin sin
cos cos ( sin )
m m
m n
nx nx
I x m x x dx
n n
=
}

1
,
cos sin
sin sin cos
m
m
m n
x nx m
I nx x xdx
n n
= +
}

1
,
cos sin
(cos( 1) cos .cos ) cos
m
m
m n
x nx m
I n x nx x xdx
n n
= +
}

1
,
cos sin
cos( 1) cos os cos
m
m m
m n
x nx m m
I n x xdx c nx xdx
n n n
= +
} }

, 1, 1 ,
cos sin
m
m n m n m n
x nx m m
I I I
n n n

= +

, , 1, 1
cos sin
m
m n m n m n
m x nx m
I I I
n n n

+ = +

, 1, 1
cos sin
m
m n m n
m n x nx m
I I
n n n

+
= +

, 1, 1
cos sin
m
m n m n
x nx m
I I
m n m n

= +
+ +
-----------------(1)
Now,
1, 1
cos sin
cos cos
m
m
m n
x nx m
x nxdx I
m n m n

= +
+ +
}
putting m = n we get

1, 1
cos sin 1
cos cos
2 2
n
n
n n
x nx
x nxdx I
n

= +
}

/ 2
/ 2
1, 1
0 0
cos sin 1
cos cos
2 2
n
n
n n
x nx
x nxdx I
n

(
= +
(
}


/ 2
/ 2
1, 1
0 0
1
cos cos (0 0)
2
n
n n
x nxdx I

(
= +
(
}

/ 2
/ 2
1, 1
0 0
1
cos cos
2
n
n n
x nxdx I

(
=
(
}

/ 2 / 2
/ 2
2, 2 2, 2 2
0 0 0
1 1 1
cos cos
2 2 2
n
n n n n
x nxdx I I

( (
= =
( (

}

/ 2 /2
/ 2
3, 3 3, 3 2 3
0 0 0
1 1 1
cos cos
2 2 2
n
n n n n
x nxdx I I

( (
= =
( (

}

Finally

/ 2
/ 2
0,0
0 0
1
cos cos
2
n
n
x nxdx I
(
=
(
}

/2 / 2
0 0
1
cos cos 1
2
n
n
x nxdx dx

=
} }

/2
1
0
1
cos cos
2 2 2
n
n n
x nxdx

+
= =
}
(Proved)
(b) Find the area enclosed by the parabolas:
2 2
4 , 4 y ax x ay = = .
Ans:

Area = ( )
4
1 2
0
a
y y dx
}
where
1
y is the upper curve and
2
y is the lower curve.

4 2
0
2
4
a
x
a x dx
a
| |
=
|
\ .
}

4
3/ 2 3
0
2
3/ 2 12
a
x x
a
a
(
=
(
3/ 2 3
4 8 64
3 12
a a
a
a
=

2 2
32 16
3 3
a a
=
2
16
3
a
= (Ans).

(c) Prove that the volume of the sphere of radius a is
3
4
3
a .
Ans: Curve
2 2 2 2 2 2
x y a y a x + = =
Volume = 2 X Volume generated by x axis and the circle
2 2 2
x y a + =
Volume
2
0
2
a
y dx =
}

( )
2 2
0
2
a
a x dx =
}
3
2
0
2
3
a
x
a x
( | |
=
( |
\ .

3 3
3
4
2
3 3
a a
a

| |
= =
|
\ .
(ans)

SOLUTION(Nov-Dec-2006)

(a) Find reduction formula for sin cos
m n
x xdx
}
and hence evaluate
4 2
sin cos x xdx
}
.
Ans:
,
sin cos
m n
m n
I x xdx =
}

1
,
sin .sin cos
m n
m n
I x x xdx
=
}

( )
1 1
,
sin sin cos sin cos sin
m n n m
m n
d
I x x xdx x xdx x dx
dx

=
} } }

( )
1 1
1 2
,
cos cos
sin ( 1)sin .cos
1 1
n n
m m
m n
x x
I x m x x dx
n n
+ +

| | | |
=
| |
+ +
\ . \ .
}

1 1
2 2
,
sin cos 1
sin .cos
1 1
m n
m n
m n
x x m
I x xdx
n n
+
+

= +
+ +
}

1 1
2 2
,
sin cos 1
sin .cos
1 1
m n
m n
m n
x x m
I x xdx
n n
+
+

= +
+ +
}

1 1
2 2
,
sin cos 1
sin .(1 sin ) cos
1 1
m n
m n
m n
x x m
I x x xdx
n n
+

= +
+ +
}

1 1
2
,
sin cos 1 1
sin .cos sin .cos
1 1 1
m n
m n m n
m n
x x m m
I x xdx x xdx
n n n
+

= +
+ + +
} }

1 1
, 2, ,
sin cos 1 1
1 1 1
m n
m n m n m n
x x m m
I I I
n n n
+

= +
+ + +

1 1
, 2,
1 sin cos 1
1
1 1 1
m n
m n m n
m x x m
I I
n n n
+
| |
+ = +
|
+ + +
\ .

1 1
, 2,
sin cos 1
1 1 1
m n
m n m n
m n x x m
I I
n n n
+
+
= +
+ + +

1 1
, 2,
sin cos 1
m n
m n m n
x x m
I I
m n m n
+

= +
+ +
---------(1)
Now,
4 2
4,2
sin cos x xdx I =
}


3 3
4 2
2,2
sin cos 3
sin cos
6 6
x x
x xdx I
= +
}

3 3 3
4 2
0,2
sin cos 1 sin cos 1
sin cos
6 2 4 4
x x x x
x xdx I
| |
= + +
|
\ .
}

3 3 3
4 2 2
sin cos sin cos 1
sin cos cos
6 8 8
x x x x
x xdx xdx
= +
} }

( )
3 3 3
4 2
sin cos sin cos 1
sin cos 1 cos 2
6 8 16
x x x x
x xdx x dx
= + +
} }

3 3 3
4 2
sin cos sin cos 1 sin 2
sin cos
6 8 16 2
x x x x x
x xdx x C
| |
= + + +
|
\ .
}

3 3 3
4 2
sin cos sin cos sin 2
sin cos
6 8 16 32
x x x x x x
x xdx C
= + + +
}
(Ans).
(b) Find graphically and evaluate the common area of the parabola
2
y ax = and
the circle
2 2
4 x y ax + = .
Ans:

Area = 2 X Area of shaded portion above x axis.
Area = ( )
3
1 2
0
2
a
y y dx
}
where
1
y is the upper curve and
2
y is the lower curve.

( )
3
2
0
2 4
a
ax x a x dx =
}

( )
3 3
2 2
0 0
2 (2 ) ( 2 )
a a
a x a dx a xdx
| |
=
|
\ .
} }

3
2 3/2
2 2 1
0
( 2 ) 4 2
2 (2 ) ( 2 ) sin
2 2 2 3/ 2
a
x a a x a x
a x a a
a
( | |
= +
( |
\ .

2 1 3/ 2 2 1
1 2
2 . 3 2 sin 3 3 0 2 sin ( 1) 0
2 2 3
a
a a a a a

| |
= +
|
\ .


2
2 2 2
3
2 2 3 2 2
2 6 2
a
a a a

| |
= + +
|
|
\ .

2 2 2 2
3 4 3 2 2
3
a a a a

| |
= + +
|
\ .

2
2
8
3 3
3
a
a
| |
=
|
\ .
(Ans).
(c) Find the M.I. of the first quadrant of the circle
2 2 2
x y a + = (where the
surface density varies as xy) about the x-axis.
Ans: M.I. of circle
2 2 2
x y a + = about x axis
2 2
0 0
a a x
dxdy
=
} }

|
2 2
0
0
a
a x
y dx

=
}

2 2
0
a
a x dx =
}
Let
sin , cos x a dx a d = =

/2
0
cos . cos a a d
=
}

/ 2 2
0
(1 cos 2 )
2
a
d
= +
}

/ 2
2
0
sin 2
2 2
a

| |
= +
|
\ .

( )
2
/ 2 0 0 0
2
a
= +

2
4
a
= (Ans).

SOLUTION (May-June-2007)

(a) If
0
sin , 2
x m
m
I e xdx m
= >
}
. Prove that
2
2
(1 ) ( 1)
m m
m I m m I

+ = . Hence
evaluate
4
I .
Ans:
0
sin
x m
m
I e xdx
=
}

( )
0 0
sin sin
m x x m
m
d
I x e dx e dx x dx
dx

=
} } }


1
0
0
sin . sin cos
m x x m
m
I x e e m x xdx

( = +
}

1
0
(0 0) sin cos
x m
m
I m e x xdx

= +
}

( )
1 2 2
0
0
sin cos ( 1)sin cos sin
m x x m m
m
I m x xe e m x x x dx

(
( = +
(

}

( )
2 2
0
(0 0) ( 1)sin (1 sin ) sin
x m m
m
I m e m x x x dx

(
= +
(

}

2
0 0
( 1) sin sin
x m x m
m
I m m e xdx m e xdx

(
=
(

} }

2
2
( 1)
m m m
I m m I m I
=

2
2
(1 ) ( 1)
m m
m I m m I

+ = -------(1) (Proved)

2 2
( 1)
(1 )
m m
m m
I I
m

=
+
, Now putting m = 4 we get,

4 2 0
12 12 2
17 17 5
I I I = =
4
0
24
85
x
I e dx
=
}

4
0
24 24 24
( ) ( 0 1)
85 85 85
x
I e

( = = + =
(Ans).
(b) Find by double integration the complete area of the ellipse
2 2
2 2
1
x y
a b
+ = .
Ans:

Area = 4 X Area of shaded portion.

2 2
0 0
4
b
a x
a a
Area dxdy
=
} }

|
2 2
0
0
4
a
b
a x
a
Area y dx
=
}


2 2
0
4
a
b
Area a x dx
a
=
}

2 2 2
1
0
4 sin
2 2
a
b x a x a x
Area
a a
= + (
(

2
4 (0 0) 0
2 2
b a
Area
a
(
| |
= +
| (
\ .

Area ab = (Ans)
(c) Find the centre of gravity of the arc of curve
2/3 2/3 2/3
x y a + = lying in the first
quadrant, density being kxy = , where k is a constant.
Ans: Let ( , ) G x y be the centre of gravity lying in the first quadrant,
Where
. .
,
. .
kxy xdxdy kxy ydxdy
x y
kxy dxdy kxy dxdy
= =
} } } }
} } } }

Now,
2 2 2 2 2
0 0 0 0
2 2
0 0 0 0
. / 2 .
.
.
. / 2 .
y a a a
y a a a
x ydydx x y dx x y dx
kxy xdxdy
x
kxy dxdy
x y dx x y dx xydydx
= = = =
} } } }
} }
} }
} } } }

For any point on the curve we have
3 3 2
cos , sin , 3 cos .sin x a y b dx a
= = =
When 0 / 2 x = = and when 0 x a = =

0
2 6 2 6 2
/ 2
0
3 2 6 2
/2
cos . sin ( 3 cos .sin )
cos . sin ( 3 cos .sin )
a b a d
x
a b a d
}
}

0
8 7
/2
0
5 7
/ 2
6 4 2 7 5 3 1
cos sin
128
15 13 11 9 7 5 3 1
6 4 2 4 2
429
cos sin
12 10 8 6 4 2
a d
a
a
x
d

= = =

}
}

Similarly,
128
429
b
y =
So, Centre of gravity is
128 128
,
429 429
a b
| |
|
\ .
(Ans).


(a) Write the expression for the centre of gravity of a solid.

Ans: An element of mass x y z enclosing the point P(x, y, z) then centre of
gravity is ( , , ) x y z where , ,
x dxdydz y dxdydz z dxdydz
x y z
dxdydz dxdydz dxdydz

= = =
}}} }}} }}}
}}} }}} }}}
.
(b) Obtain a reduction formula for sin
ax n
e xdx
}
and hence evaluate
3
sin
x
e xdx
}
.
Ans: sin
ax n
n
I e xdx =
}

( )
sin sin
n ax ax n
n
d
I x e dx e dx x dx
dx
=
} } }

1
sin . sin cos
ax ax
n n
n
e e
I x n x xdx
a a
=
}

1
sin .
sin cos
n ax
ax n
n
x e n
I e x xdx
a a
=
}

( )
1 1
sin .
sin cos sin cos
n ax
n ax ax n
n
x e n d
I x x e dx e dx x x dx
a a dx

(
=
(

} } }

( )
1 2 2
sin .
n ax ax ax
n n n
n
x e n e e
I x x n x x x dx
a a a a

(
=
(

}

( )
1 2 2
sin .
sin cos ( 1)sin (1 sin ) sin
n ax ax ax
n n n
n
x e n e e
I x x n x x x dx
a a a a

(
=
(

}

1
2 2 2 2 2
sin . sin cos . ( 1) ( 1)
n ax n ax
n n n n
x e n x x e n n n n n
I I I I
a a a a a

= +

1
2 2 2 2 2
( 1) sin . sin cos . ( 1)
n ax n ax
n n n n
n n n x e n x x e n n
I I I I
a a a a a

+ + = +

1
2 2 2 2 2
( 1) sin . sin cos . ( 1)
1
n ax n ax
n n
I I
a a a a a
| |
+ + = +
|
\ .

2 2 1
2 2 2 2
sin . sin cos . ( 1)
n ax n ax
n n
n a x e n x x e n n
I I
a a a a
| | +
= +
|
\ .

1
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
( 1)
sin . sin cos .
n ax n ax
n n
a n n n
I x e x x e I
n a n a n a
= +
+ + +

1
2 2 2 2 2
.sin ( sin cos ) ( 1)
ax n
n n
e x a x n x n n
I I
n a n a

= +
+ +
---------(1)
Now, Putting a = 1 and n = 3 we get,

2
3 1
.sin (sin 3cos ) 6
10 10
x
e x x x
I I
= +

2
3
.sin (sin 3cos ) 3
sin sin
10 5
x
x x
e x x x
e xdx e xdx
= +
} }


( )
2
3
sin cos .sin (sin 3cos ) 3
sin
10 5 1 1
x x
x
e x x e x x x
e xdx C
(
= + +
(
+

}

( )
3 2
1 3
sin .sin (sin 3cos ) sin cos
10 10
x x x
e xdx e x x x e x x C = + +
}
(Ans).
(c) Trace the curve
2 2
( ) ay x a x = and show that area of its loop is
2
8
15
a
.
Ans:
2 2
( ) ay x a x =
(i) The curve is symmetrical about x axis.
(ii) It passes through origin.
(iii) At x axis it passes through (a, 0) and at y axis it passes through (0, 0).
(iv) It has no asymptote.
(v) Tangent at origin
2 2 2 2
ay ax y x y x = = = .
(vi) At , 0 x a y > < . So no curve when x a > .
The curve is as follows: -

Area of the loop = 2 X Area of the loop above x axis.

0
2
a
ydx =
}

0
2
a
a x
x dx
a
=
}

0
2
a
x a xdx
a
=
}
let
2
sin
2 sin cos
x a
dx a

/ 2
2
0
2 sin .cos .2 sin cos a a d
=
}


/ 2
3 2
0
4 sin .cos a d
=
}

2
2
2 8
4
5 3 15
a
a = =
(Proved)
(d) Find the volume of the solid generated by revolving the ellipse
2 2
2 2
1
x y
a b
+ =
about the major axis.
Ans:

About major axis is about y-axis at 0 x a =
Volume
2
0
2
a
y dx =
}

2
2 2
2
0
2
a
b
b x dx
a
| |
=
|
\ .
}

2 3
2
2
0
2
3
a
b x
b y
a
( | |
=
( |
\ .

2 2
2
4
2
3 3
b a ab
b a

| |
= =
|
\ .
(ans)

SOLUTION (May-June-2008)

(a) Define rectification.
Ans: The process of finding arc length of the curve is known as Rectification.
(b) Find the reduction formula for: cos cos
m
x nxdx
}
.
Ans:
,
cos cos
m
m n
I x nxdx =
}

( )
,
cos cos cos cos
m m
m n
d
I x nxdx nxdx x dx
dx
=
} } }

1
,
sin sin
cos cos ( sin )
m m
m n
nx nx
I x m x x dx
n n
=
}


1
,
cos sin
sin sin cos
m
m
m n
x nx m
I nx x xdx
n n
= +
}

1
,
cos sin
m
m
m n
x nx m
I n x nx x xdx
n n
= +
}

1
,
cos sin
cos( 1) cos os cos
m
m m
m n
x nx m m
I n x xdx c nx xdx
n n n
= +
} }

, 1, 1 ,
cos sin
m
m n m n m n
x nx m m
I I I
n n n

= +

, , 1, 1
cos sin
m
m n m n m n
m x nx m
I I I
n n n

+ = +

, 1, 1
cos sin
m
m n m n
m n x nx m
I I
n n n

+
= +

, 1, 1
cos sin
m
m n m n
x nx m
I I
m n m n

= +
+ +
(Ans)
(c) Find the area included between the parabola
2
4 y x x = and the line y x = .
Ans:
2
4 y x x =

2 2
4 ( 2) ( 4) x x y x y = = Which is a parabola.

Area
3
1 2
0
( ) y y dx =
}
where
1
y is the upper curve parabola and
2
y is the lower
curve line.

3
2
0
(4 ) x x x dx =
}

3
2
0
(3 ) x x dx =
}

3
2 3
0
3
2 3
x x (
=
(

27 27 27 9
2 3 6 2
= = = (Ans)

(d) Find the volume of the spindle shaped solid generated by revolving the
asteroid
2/3 2/3 2/3
x y a + = about the x-axis.
Ans:

Volume
2
0
2
a
y dx =
}
By putting
3 3 2
cos , sin , 3 cos sin x a t y a t dx a t t = = =

0
2 6 2
/ 2
2 sin . .3cos sin a t a t tdt
=
}

/ 2
3 7 2
0
6 sin cos a t tdt
=
}

3
6 4 2
6
9 7 5 3 1
a

=

3
32
105
a
= (Ans)

SOLUTION (Dec-Jan-2008-2009)

(a) Fill yup the blank:
/ 2 / 2
0 0
sin cos __.
n n
xdx xdx

= =
} }

Ans:
/ 2 / 2
0 0
( 1)( 3).........2

( 2)( 4)......3
sin cos
( 1)( 3).........1

( 2)( 4)......2 2
n n
n n
n n n
xdx xdx
n n
n n n

= =

} }
if n is odd
if n is even
.

(b) Obtain the reduction formula for (log )
m n
x x dx
}
. Hence evaluate
1
5 3
0
(log ) x x dx
}
.

Ans:
,
(log )
m n
m n
I x x dx =
}

1 1 1
(log )
(log ) . .
1 1
m m n
n
x x n x
x dx
m m x
+ +
=
+ +
}

1
1
(log ) . .(log )
1 1
m
n m n
x n
x x x dx
m m
+
=
+ +
}

1
, , 1
(log ) .
1 1
m
n
m n m n
x n
I x I
m m
+
=
+ +
---------------------(1)
Now,
6
5 3 5
5,3 5,2
3
.(log ) (log ) .
6 6
x
I x x dx x I = =
}

6 6
3 2
5,1
3 2
(log ) . (log ) .
6 6 6 6
x x
x x I
(
=
(

6
3 6 2
5,1
1 1
(log ) . (log )
6 12 6
x
x x x I = +

6
6 3 6 2
5,0
1 1 1 1
(log ) (log ) log
6 12 6 6 6
x
x x x x x I
(
= +
(

6 3 6 2 6
5,0
1 1 1 1
(log ) (log ) log
6 12 36 36
x x x x x x I = +

6 3 6 2 6 5
1 1 1 1
(log ) (log ) log
6 12 36 36
x x x x x x x dx = +
}

6
6 3 6 2 6
1 1 1 1
(log ) (log ) log
6 12 36 36 6
x
x x x x x x = +

6 3 6 2 6 6
1 1 1 1
(log ) (log ) log
6 12 36 216
x x x x x x x = +

1
1
5 3 6 3 6 2 6 6
0 0
1 1 1 1
(log ) (log ) (log ) log
6 12 36 216
x x dx x x x x x x x
(
= +
(
}

1
5 3
0
1 1 1 1
(log ) 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
6 12 36 216
x x dx = + + +
}

1
5 3
0
1
(log )
216
x x dx =
}
(Ans)
(c) By finding length of the curve show that the curve:
( sin ), (1 cos ) x a y a = = is divided in the ratio 1:3 at 2 / 3 = .
Ans: ( sin ), (1 cos ) x a y a = =
As a point moves from one end to the other end, the parameter increases from
0 to 2 .
(1 cos ), sin
dx
a y a
d

= =

Now, Length from
2
0
3
to

Length of the curve
2 2
2 /3
0
dx dy
d
d d

| | | |
= +
| |
\ . \ .
}

( )
2 /3
2
2 2 2
0
1 cos sin a a d
= +
}
2 /3
0
2(1 cos ) a d
=
}

2 /3
0
2 sin
2
a d
=
}
2 /3
0
1
4 cos 4 1 2
2 2
a a a
( | |
= = =
|
(
\ .

Now, Length from
2
2
3
to

Length of the curve
2 2
2
2 /3
dx dy
d
d d

| | | |
= +
| |
\ . \ .
}

( )
2
2
2 2 2
2 /3
1 cos sin a a d
= +
}
2
2 /3
2(1 cos ) a d
=
}

2
2 /3
2 sin
2
a d
=
}
2
2 /3
1
4 cos 4 1 6
2 2
a a a
( | |
= = =
|
(
\ .

Ratio of lengths at 2 / 3 = is
2 1
1: 3
6 3
a
a
= = = (Proved)
(d) Find the centroid of the area enclosed by the parabola
2
4 y ax = and the
double ordinate x h = .
Ans:

Let LL be the double ordinate x h = of the parabola
2
4 y ax = .

Let us consider an elementary strip PQQP parallel to y axis, where ( , ) P x y and
( , ) Q x x y y + + are neighbouring points on the parabola. Clearly, this elementary area
is 2y x .
Mass of elementary strip PQQP = .2y x . Where is the density per unit area.
Its C.G. = (x, 0).
Then,
5
3
2
2 5
2
0 0 0 0 0
3 1
3
2 2
2
0 0 0 0
0
2
. .2 4
5
3 3
5 5
2
.2 4
3
h
h h h h
h h h h h
x
x ydx xydx x axdx x dx
xdm
h h
x
dm
h ydx ydx axdx x dx
x
(
(
= = = = = = = =
(
(
} } } }
}
}
} } } }

And
0
0
0. .2
0
.2
h
h
ydx
ydm
y
dm
ydx
= = =
}
}
}
}

So, centroid is
3
, 0
5
h | |
|
\ .
(Ans).

Solution (Apr-May-2009)

(a) Fill up the blank: The length of the arc of the curve ( ) f r = between the
points r a = and r b = is ____________.
Ans: The Length of the arc
2
2
b
a
dr
r d
d

| |
= +
|
\ .
}
. (Ans)
(b) Obtain the reduction formula for sin
ax n
e xdx
}
. Hence evaluate
3
sin
x
e xdx
}
.
Ans: sin
ax n
n
I e xdx =
}
( )
sin sin
n ax ax n
n
d
I x e dx e dx x dx
dx
=
} } }

1
sin . sin cos
ax ax
n n
n
e e
I x n x xdx
a a
=
}
1
sin .
sin cos
n ax
ax n
n
x e n
I e x xdx
a a
=
}

( )
1 1
sin .
sin cos sin cos
n ax
n ax ax n
n
x e n d
I x x e dx e dx x x dx
a a dx

(
=
(

} } }

( )
1 2 2
sin .
n ax ax ax
n n n
n
x e n e e
I x x n x x x dx
a a a a

(
=
(

}

( )
1 2 2
sin .
sin cos ( 1)sin (1 sin ) sin
n ax ax ax
n n n
n
x e n e e
I x x n x x x dx
a a a a

(
=
(

}

1
2 2 2 2 2
sin . sin cos . ( 1) ( 1)
n ax n ax
n n n n
x e n x x e n n n n n
I I I I
a a a a a

= +

1
2 2 2 2 2
( 1) sin . sin cos . ( 1)
n ax n ax
n n n n
I I I I
a a a a a

+ + = +

1
2 2 2 2 2
( 1) sin . sin cos . ( 1)
1
n ax n ax
n n
I I
a a a a a
| |
+ + = +
|
\ .

2 2 1
2 2 2 2
sin . sin cos . ( 1)
n ax n ax
n n
n a x e n x x e n n
I I
a a a a
| | +
= +
|
\ .

1
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
( 1)
sin . sin cos .
n ax n ax
n n
a n n n
I x e x x e I
n a n a n a
= +
+ + +

1
2 2 2 2 2
.sin ( sin cos ) ( 1)
ax n
n n
e x a x n x n n
I I
n a n a

= +
+ +
---------(1)
Now, Putting a = 1 and n = 3 we get,

2
3 1
.sin (sin 3cos ) 6
10 10
x
e x x x
I I
= +

2
3
.sin (sin 3cos ) 3
sin sin
10 5
x
x x
e x x x
e xdx e xdx
= +
} }

( )
2
3
sin cos .sin (sin 3cos ) 3
sin
10 5 1 1
x x
x
e x x e x x x
e xdx C
(
= + +
(
+

}

( )
3 2
1 3
sin .sin (sin 3cos ) sin cos
10 10
x x x
e xdx e x x x e x x C = + +
}
(Ans).
(c) Find the volume generated by revolving the portion of the parabola
2
4 y ax =
cut off by its latus-rectum about the axis of the parabola.
Ans: For
2
4 y ax = , Latus rectum is 2 . y a =

Total Volume 2 Volume about y axis =

2
2
0
Total Volume 2
a
x dy =
}

2 4
2
0
Total Volume 2
16
a
y
dy
a
=
}

2
5 5 3
2 2
0
32 4
Total Volume
8 5 8 5 5
a
y a a
a a
(
= = =
(
(Ans).
(d) A uniform sector of a circle of radius a subtends an angle 2 at the centre.
Find the centre of gravity of:
(i) The arc of the sector.
Ans:

Here figure is symmetrical about x axis. So, 0
c
y =
Let us divide the length into infinitesimal length ad .
So, Length of the element CD ad = = .
Any point on the curve is ( cos , sin ) a a
So,
0 0
0 0
2 cos . cos
2
c
a ad a d xdL
x
dL ad d

= = =
} } }
} } }

|
|
0
0
sin
sin sin
c
a
a a
x
= = =
So, ( )
sin
. . , , 0
c c
a
CG x y

| |
= =
|
\ .
(Ans).
(ii) The area of the sector.
Ans:

Here figure is symmetrical about x axis. So, 0
c
y =

Let us divide the area into infinitesimal triangular elements each of
altitude a and base ad .
So, Area of the triangular element
2
1
2
OCD a d = = .
Now, Centre of Gravity of triangle lies on the line joining O to the mid
point of CD at a distance
2
3
a
from O.
So, Distance x of the C.G. from x axis is
2
cos
3
a
.
So,
2
0 0
2
0 0
2 2
2 cos . cos
3 2 3
2
2
c
a a a
d d xdA
x
a
dA d d

= = =
} } }
} } }

|
|
0
0
2 2
sin sin
2 sin
3 3
3
c
a a
a
x
= = =
So, ( )
2 sin
. . , , 0
3
c c
a
CG x y

| |
= =
|
\ .
(Ans).


(a) Write the expression of the volume of the solid generated by the revolution
about the x-axis of the area bounded by the curve ) (x f y = , the x-axis and
the ordinates a x = , b x = .
Ans: - Volume of solid generated =
}
b
a
dx y
2
. .
(b) Show that
/ 2 / 2
1
0 0
cos .cos cos .cos( 1)
m m
m
x nxdx x n xdx
m n

=
+
} }
. Hence deduce
that
/ 2
1
0
cos .cos
2
n
n
x nxdx
+
=
}
.
Ans: -
,
cos cos
m
m n
I x nxdx =
}

( )
,
cos cos cos cos
m m
m n
d
I x nxdx nxdx x dx
dx
=
} } }

1
,
sin sin
cos cos ( sin )
m m
m n
nx nx
I x m x x dx
n n
=
}

1
,
cos sin
sin sin cos
m
m
m n
x nx m
I nx x xdx
n n
= +
}


1
,
cos sin
m
m
m n
x nx m
I n x nx x xdx
n n
= +
}

1
,
cos sin
cos( 1) cos os cos
m
m m
m n
x nx m m
I n x xdx c nx xdx
n n n
= +
} }

, 1, 1 ,
cos sin
m
m n m n m n
x nx m m
I I I
n n n

= +

, , 1, 1
cos sin
m
m n m n m n
m x nx m
I I I
n n n

+ = +

, 1, 1
cos sin
m
m n m n
m n x nx m
I I
n n n

+
= +

, 1, 1
cos sin
m
m n m n
x nx m
I I
m n m n

= +
+ +

Now,
1, 1
cos sin
cos cos
m
m
m n
x nx m
x nxdx I
m n m n

= +
+ +
}

/ 2
/2
1, 1
0 0
cos sin
cos cos
2
m
m
m n
x nx m
x nxdx I
n m n

(
= +
(
+

}

/2 / 2
1
0 0
cos cos 0 0 cos cos( 1)
m m
m
x nxdx x n xdx
m n

= +
+
} }

/ 2 / 2
1
0 0
cos cos cos cos( 1)
m m
m
x nxdx x n xdx
m n

=
+
} }
(Proved). -----------------
(1)

/ 2 / 2
/2
1
1, 1
0
0 0
1 1
cos cos cos cos( 1)
2 2
n m
n n
x nxdx x n xdx I

( = =
} }

/ 2
/ 2
1, 1
0 0
1
cos cos
2
n
n n
x nxdx I

(
=
(
}

/ 2 / 2
/ 2
2, 2 2, 2 2
0 0 0
1 1 1
cos cos
2 2 2
n
n n n n
x nxdx I I

( (
= =
( (

}

/ 2 /2
/ 2
3, 3 3, 3 2 3
0 0 0
1 1 1
cos cos
2 2 2
n
n n n n
x nxdx I I

( (
= =
( (

}

Finally

/ 2
/ 2
0,0
0 0
1
cos cos
2
n
n
x nxdx I
(
=
(
}

/2 / 2
0 0
1
cos cos 1
2
n
n
x nxdx dx

=
} }


/2
1
0
1
cos cos
2 2 2
n
n n
x nxdx

+
= =
}
(Proved)
(c) Find the area of the curve
3 2
) 2 ( x x a y = between the curve and its
asymptotes a x 2 = .
Ans: -

Area between the curve and its asymptote =
} }

=
a a
dx
x a
x
ydx
2
0
3 2
0
2
2 2
Putting
d a dx a x . cos sin 4 sin 2
2
= =

}
=
2 /
0
2
3 2
. cos sin 4
cos 2
) sin 2 (
2
d a
a
a
Area

}
=
2 /
0
4 2
. sin 16
d a Area

2 2
. 3
2 2
1
4
3
16 a a Area
= = (Ans).
(d) Find the volume formed by the revolution of the loop of the curve
) ( ) (
2 2
x a x x a y = + about the x-axis.
Ans: -


} }
+
= =
a a
dx
x a
x a x
dx y loop the of Volume
0
2
0
2
) (
.
}
+
+ + =
a
dx
x a
a
a ax x loop the of Volume
0
3
2 2
2
2 2
a
a x a x a ax
x
loop the of Volume
0
3 2 2
3
) log( 2 2
3
(
(
|
|
.
|
\
|
+ + + =
|
|
.
|
\
|
+ + + + = ) 2 log( 2 ) 2 log( 2 0 2 0 0
3
3 3 3 3
3
a a a a a a
a
loop the of Volume
|
.
|
\
|
=
|
|
.
|
\
|
+ =
3
2
2 log . 2 2 log 2
3
4
3 3
3
a a
a
loop the of Volume (Ans).

Solution(May-June-2010)

a. Determine the reduction formula for ( )
}
dx x x
n m
log .
Ans: - ( ) ( ) ( )
} } } }
|
.
|
\
|
= = dx x
dx
d
dx x dx x x dx x x I
n m m n n m
n m
log log log
,

( ) ( )
}

+ +
+
= dx
x
x n
m
x
m
x
x I
n
m m
n
n m
1
log
1 1
log
1
1 1
,

( ) ( )
}

+
+
+
= dx x x
m
n
m
x
x I
n m
m
n
n m
1
1
,
log
1 1
log
( )
1 ,
1
,
1 1
log

+
+
+
=
n m
m
n
n m
I
m
n
m
x
x I
b. Prove that ) 1 ( ,
1
1
sin cos
2 /
0
2
>
=
}

n
n
nxdx x
n
.
Ans: -As,
1 , 1 ,
cos cos
sin cos

+
+
+
= =
}
n m
m
m
n m
I
n m
m
n m
nx x
nxdx x I
So,
}
=
2 /
0
,
sin cos
nxdx x I
m
n m

2 /
0
1 , 1 ,
cos cos

(
+
+
+
=
n m
m
n m
I
n m
m
n m
nx x
I

1 , 1 1 , 1 ,
1 ) 1 0 (

+
+
+
=
(
+
+
+

=
n m n m n m
I
n m
m
n m
I
n m
m
n m
I
Now,
1 , 3 , 2
) 1 ( 2
2
) 1 ( 2
1

=
n n n n
I
n
n
n
I

|
|
.
|
\
|
=
2 , 4 , 2
) 2 ( 2
3
) 2 ( 2
1
) 1 ( 2
2
) 1 ( 2
1
n n n n
I
n
n
n n
n
n
I

2 , 4
2 2
, 2
) 1 ( 2
3
) 1 ( 2
1
) 1 ( 2
1

=
n n n n
I
n
n
n n
I

2 , 0
2 3 2
, 2
) 1 ( 2
1
) 1 ( 2
1
) 1 ( 2
1
) 1 ( 2
1
+ +
=
n
n
n n
I
n n n n
I

}
+ |
.
|
\
|
+ + + +
2 /
0
2 3 2
, 2
2 sin
) 1 ( 2
1
) 2 (
2
1
2
1
2
1
1
) 1 ( 2
1

xdx
n
terms n
n
I
n
n n

2 /
0
2
2
, 2
2
2 cos
) 1 ( 2
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
) 1 ( 2
1

(
+
|
|
|
|
.
|
\
|
x
n n
I
n
n
n n

(
+ |
.
|
\
|

2
1
2
1
) 1 ( 2
1
2
1
1
) 1 (
1
2 2
, 2
n n
I
n n
n n

|
.
|
\
|
+
+ |
.
|
\
|

2 2 2 2
, 2
2
1
2
1
1
1
1
) 1 ( 2
1
2
1
1
) 1 (
1
n n n n
n n
n n n
I

1
1
, 2
=

n
I
n n

) 1 ( ,
1
1
sin cos
2 /
0
2
>
=
}

n
n
nxdx x
n
(Proved).
c. Find the area common to the cardiods ) cos 1 ( + = a r and ) cos 1 ( = a r .
Ans: -

Area common to ) cos 1 ( + = a r and ) cos 1 ( = a r shown by darkened area in the
figure.

|
|
.
|
\
|
+ =
} }
2 /
0
2
2
2 /
0
2
1
2

d r d r Area
|
|
.
|
\
|
+ + =
} }

2 /
2 2
2 /
0
2 2
) cos 1 ( ) cos 1 ( 2 d a d a Area

|
|
.
|
\
|
+ + + + =
} }

2 /
2
2 /
0
2 2
) cos cos 2 1 ( ) cos cos 2 1 ( 2 d d a Area

|
|
.
|
\
|
+ + + + + + =
} }

2 /
2 /
0
2
) 2 cos 1 cos 4 2 ( ) 2 cos 1 cos 4 2 ( d d a Area

|
|
.
|
\
|
(
(
+ + +
(
(
+ =

2 /
2 /
0
2
2
2 sin
sin 4 3
2
2 sin
sin 4 3 a Area

|
.
|
\
|
= |
.
|
\
|
+ + + = 4
2
3
2 0 4
2
3
0 4
2
3
2 2

a a Area (Ans).
d. Prove that the length of the arc of a loop of the curve
2 2
) 3 ( 9 a x x ay = is
a 3 4 .
Ans: - Curve for
2 2
) 3 ( 9 a x x ay = is

Now, x
a
a x
y a x x ay
3
3
) 3 ( 9
2 2

= =

x a
a x
x
a x
a
x
x
a x
a
dx
dy
2 2
3 3
3
1
2
3
3
1
=
=
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
=
So, Arclength = dx
x a
a x
dx
x a
a x
dx
dx
dy
a a a
} } }
+
=
|
|
.
|
\
|
+ =
|
.
|
\
|
+
3
0
3
0
2
3
0
2
2
2
2
1 2 1 2

a
a
x a x
a
dx
x
a
x
a
3
0
2 / 3
3
0
2
3
2 1 1
(
+ = + =
}

| | a a a
a
a a a a
a
3 4 3 4
1
3 2 3 3
3
2 1
= =
(
+ = (Ans).



(a) Write down the formula for the curved surface of solid generated by the
revolution about the x axis, of the area bounded the curve ) (x f y = , the x-axis
and the ordinates b x a x = = , .
Ans. Volume of solid generated =
}
b
a
dx y
2
. .

(b) Prove that
1
2 /
0
2
) cos( cos
+
=
} n
n
dx nx x

.
Ans: -
,
cos cos
m
m n
I x nxdx =
}

( )
,
cos cos cos cos
m m
m n
d
I x nxdx nxdx x dx
dx
=
} } }

1
,
sin sin
cos cos ( sin )
m m
m n
nx nx
I x m x x dx
n n
=
}

1
,
cos sin
sin sin cos
m
m
m n
x nx m
I nx x xdx
n n
= +
}

1
,
cos sin
m
m
m n
x nx m
I n x nx x xdx
n n
= +
}

1
,
cos sin
cos( 1) cos os cos
m
m m
m n
x nx m m
I n x xdx c nx xdx
n n n
= +
} }

, 1, 1 ,
cos sin
m
m n m n m n
x nx m m
I I I
n n n

= +

, , 1, 1
cos sin
m
m n m n m n
m x nx m
I I I
n n n

+ = +

, 1, 1
cos sin
m
m n m n
m n x nx m
I I
n n n

+
= +

, 1, 1
cos sin
m
m n m n
x nx m
I I
m n m n

= +
+ +

Now,
1, 1
cos sin
cos cos
m
m
m n
x nx m
x nxdx I
m n m n

= +
+ +
}

/ 2
/2
1, 1
0 0
cos sin
cos cos
2
m
m
m n
x nx m
x nxdx I
n m n

(
= +
(
+

}

/2 / 2
1
0 0
m m
m
x nxdx x n xdx
m n

= +
+
} }

/ 2 / 2
1
0 0
cos cos cos cos( 1)
m m
m
x nxdx x n xdx
m n

=
+
} }
(Proved). -----------------(1)


/ 2 / 2
/2
1
1, 1
0
0 0
1 1
cos cos cos cos( 1)
2 2
n m
n n
x nxdx x n xdx I

( = =
} }

/ 2
/ 2
1, 1
0 0
1
cos cos
2
n
n n
x nxdx I

(
=
(
}

/ 2 / 2
/ 2
2, 2 2, 2 2
0 0 0
1 1 1
cos cos
2 2 2
n
n n n n
x nxdx I I

( (
= =
( (

}

/ 2 /2
/ 2
3, 3 3, 3 2 3
0 0 0
1 1 1
cos cos
2 2 2
n
n n n n
x nxdx I I

( (
= =
( (

}

Finally

/ 2
/ 2
0,0
0 0
1
cos cos
2
n
n
x nxdx I
(
=
(
}

/2 / 2
0 0
1
cos cos 1
2
n
n
x nxdx dx

=
} }

/2
1
0
1
cos cos
2 2 2
n
n n
x nxdx

+
= =
}
(Proved)

(c) Trace the curve
2 2
2
8
15
a
.
Ans:
2 2
( ) ay x a x =
a. The curve is symmetrical about x axis.
b.It passes through origin.
c. At x axis it passes through (a, 0) and at y axis it passes through (0, 0).
d.It has no asymptote.
e. Tangent at origin
2 2 2 2
ay ax y x y x = = = .
f. At , 0 x a y > < . So no curve when x a > .
The curve is as follows: -

Area of the loop = 2 X Area of the loop above x axis.

0
2
a
ydx =
}

0
2
a
a x
x dx
a
=
}

0
2
a
x a xdx
a
=
}
let
2
sin
2 sin cos
x a
dx a

/ 2
2
0
2 sin .cos .2 sin cos a a d
=
}

/ 2
3 2
0
4 sin .cos a d
=
}

2
2
2 8
4
5 3 15
a
a = =
(Proved)
(d) Find the surface of the solid generated by revolution of the asteroid
3 / 2 3 / 2 3 / 2
a y x = + or t a y t a x
3 3
sin , cos = = about the x axis.
Ans:

Volume
2
0
2
a
y dx =
}
By putting
3 3 2
cos , sin , 3 cos sin x a t y a t dx a t t = = =

0
2 6 2
/ 2
2 sin . .3cos sin a t a t tdt
=
}

/ 2
3 7 2
0
6 sin cos a t tdt
=
}

3
6 4 2
6
9 7 5 3 1
a

=

3
32
105
a
=
(Ans)


a) Write down the formulae for the length of the arc of the curve y = f(x) between
the points x = a and x = b.

b) If
/ 2
0
sin
n
n
I x xdx
=
}
and ( 1) n > .Prove that
1
2
( 1) . ,
2
n
n n
I n n I n Hence
| |
+ =
|
\ .
evaluate
5
I .
c) Find the area included between the parabola
2
4 y x x = and the line y x = .
Ans:
2
4 y x x =

2 2
4 ( 2) ( 4) x x y x y = =
Which is a parabola.

Area
3
1 2
0
( ) y y dx =
}
where
1
y is the upper curve parabola and
2
y is the
lower curve line.

3
2
0
(4 ) x x x dx =
}


3
2
0
(3 ) x x dx =
}

3
2 3
0
3
2 3
x x (
=
(

27 27 27 9
2 3 6 2
= = =
(Ans)

d) Find the length of the arc of the parabola
2
4 y ax = cut off by the line 3 8 y x =


(a) Write down the formula for the curved surface of solid generated by the revolution
about the x axis, of the area bounded the curve ) (x f y = , the x-axis and the ordinates
b x a x = = ,

Ans:-
ny
2
Jx
b
o
.

(b)Prove that
1
2 /
0
2
) cos( cos
+
=
} n
n
dx nx x

.

Ans:-
,
cos cos
m
m n
I x nxdx =
}

( )
,
cos cos cos cos
m m
m n
d
I x nxdx nxdx x dx
dx
=
} } }

1
,
sin sin
cos cos ( sin )
m m
m n
nx nx
I x m x x dx
n n
=
}
: -

1
,
cos sin
sin sin cos
m
m
m n
x nx m
I nx x xdx
n n
= +
}

1
,
cos sin
m
m
m n
x nx m
I n x nx x xdx
n n
= +
}

1
,
cos sin
cos( 1) cos os cos
m
m m
m n
x nx m m
I n x xdx c nx xdx
n n n
= +
} }

, 1, 1 ,
cos sin
m
m n m n m n
x nx m m
I I I
n n n

= +

, , 1, 1
cos sin
m
m n m n m n
m x nx m
I I I
n n n

+ = +

, 1, 1
cos sin
m
m n m n
m n x nx m
I I
n n n

+
= +


, 1, 1
cos sin
m
m n m n
x nx m
I I
m n m n

= +
+ +

Now,
1, 1
cos sin
cos cos
m
m
m n
x nx m
x nxdx I
m n m n

= +
+ +
}

/ 2
/2
1, 1
0 0
cos sin
cos cos
2
m
m
m n
x nx m
x nxdx I
n m n

(
= +
(
+

}

/2 / 2
1
0 0
m m
m
x nxdx x n xdx
m n

= +
+
} }

/ 2 / 2
1
0 0
cos cos cos cos( 1)
m m
m
x nxdx x n xdx
m n

=
+
} }
(Proved). ----------------- (1)

/ 2 / 2
/2
1
1, 1
0
0 0
1 1
cos cos cos cos( 1)
2 2
n m
n n
x nxdx x n xdx I

( = =
} }

/ 2
/ 2
1, 1
0 0
1
cos cos
2
n
n n
x nxdx I

(
=
(
}

/ 2 / 2
/ 2
2, 2 2, 2 2
0 0 0
1 1 1
cos cos
2 2 2
n
n n n n
x nxdx I I

( (
= =
( (

}

/ 2 /2
/ 2
3, 3 3, 3 2 3
0 0 0
1 1 1
cos cos
2 2 2
n
n n n n
x nxdx I I

( (
= =
( (

}

Finally

/ 2
/ 2
0,0
0 0
1
cos cos
2
n
n
x nxdx I
(
=
(
}

/2 / 2
0 0
1
cos cos 1
2
n
n
x nxdx dx

=
} }

/2
1
0
1
cos cos
2 2 2
n
n n
x nxdx

+
= =
}
(Proved)
(c)Trace the curve
2 2
2
8
15
a

Ans:-To trace the given curve we observe that
(i) The curve is symmetric about x-axis ,
(ii) The curve passes through origin and tangents to the curve at
origin are given by

o( y
2
x
2
) = 0


i.e y = x,
(iii) when y=0 ,then x
2
( o x) = 0
Therefore x = 0, x = o.
Thus the curve cuts x-axis at (0,0) and (a,0).
(iv) Solving the equation of the curve y , we get
y = x_
o x
o

Hence when x>a ,then y is imaginary .also ,, when 0<x<a ,then y is real .since
the curve is symmetric about x-axis and it cuts x-axis at (0,00 and (a,0) ,so there is a
loop between x=0 and x=a .Again when x<0 , then y is real .
Hence the digram of the curve is as shown in the adjoining figure .
Hence area of the loop OPAQO

= 2 orco o tc oi loop 0AP
= 2 yJx = 2 _
u-x
u
u
0
u
0
dx

= 2 osin
2
n 2
0
0_
u( 1-sn
2
0)
u
.2osin0cos0J0

= 4o
2
sin
3
0cos
3
n 2
0
0 J0
= 4o
2
( 2) (
3
2
2(
2
)

= 4o
2
1.1 2n
2.
S
2
.
3
2
1
2
n

=
8 o
2
15

= 2 orco o tc oi loop 0AP
= 2 yJx = 2 _
u-x
u
u
0
u
0
dx

= 2 osin
2
n 2
0
0_
u( 1-sn
2
0)
u
.2osin0cos0J0

= 4o
2
sin
3
0cos
3
n 2
0
0 J0
= 4o
2
( 2) (
3
2
2(
2
)

= 4o
2
1.1 2n
2.
S
2
.
3
2
1
2
n

=
8 o
2
15


(d)Find the surface of the solid generated by revolution of the asteroid
3 / 2 3 / 2 3 / 2
a y x = + or
t a y t a x
3 3
sin , cos = = about the x axis
Ans:-

The equation of the given curve is
3 / 2 3 / 2 3 / 2
a y x = +

The curve is symmetrical about both the axes and for the portion of the curve in the First
quadrant ,t varies from 0 to
The required volume is generated by revolving the area AB A
i
0A about x-axis
=2*volumr generated by revolving the area
=2 a( PM)
2
a
d( OM)
=2 aY
2
a
dx = 2a ( a
2 3
a
x
2 3
) dx

=2a a
2
a 2
cux
t. 3ax|n
2
tcuxtdt
=aa
3
x|n
2
a 2
tcux
7
tdt
=aa
3

3
2
2
11
2

=
6nu
3
1 2.n.3.2.1
2.
9
2
.
2
S
2
3
2
.
1
2
n

=
32nu
3
105
.


(a) Show that
/ 2
0
sin .............
n
xdx
=
}


(b) Find the volume of the solid generated by revolving the ellipse
2 2
2 2
1
x y
a b
+ =
i. about the minor axis.
i. about the minor axis
Ans: The solid generated by revolving the upper half of the area of the ellipse about its major
axis is called a prolatespheroid.
Since the ellipse is symmetrical about y-axis, the required volume
= 2 X volume generated by the arc AB in first quadrant
= 2 ny
2
u
0
Jx
= 2n b
2
[1
x
2
u
2
u
0
Jx
= 2n
b
2
u
2
( o
2
x
2
) Jx
u
0
= 2n
b
2
u
2
jo
2
x
x
3
3
[
0
u
=
4
3
nob
2
.

(c) Find the common area common to the parabola
2
4 x ay = and
2
4 y ax = is
2
16
3
a

2 2
2
2
4 4
4
4
= =
| |
=
|
\ .
Given y ax and x ay or
x
ax
a

4 3
3 3
3 3
(4 )
[ (4 ) ] 0
0 (4 )
0 4 .
0 4
=
=
= =
= =
= =
x a x
x x a
x andx a
x andx a
y andy a


4
1 2
0
4 2
0
4 4
2
0 0
( )
4
4
1
2
4
=
(
=
(

=
}
}
} }
a
a
a a
y y dx
x
ax dx
a
a xdx x dx
a

4 4
3/ 2 3
0 0
2
2 2
1
2
3/ 2 4 3
32 16 16
3 3 3
( (
=
( (

= =
a a
x x
a
a
a
a a

(d) Prove that
/ 2 / 2
1
0 0
cos .cos cos .cos( 1)
m m
m
x nxdx x n xdx
m n

=
+
} }
. Hence deduce that
1
2 /
0
2
) cos( cos
+
=
} n
n
dx nx x

.
Ans: -
,
cos cos
m
m n
I x nxdx =
}

( )
,
cos cos cos cos
m m
m n
d
I x nxdx nxdx x dx
dx
=
} } }

1
,
sin sin
cos cos ( sin )
m m
m n
nx nx
I x m x x dx
n n
=
}

1
,
cos sin
sin sin cos
m
m
m n
x nx m
I nx x xdx
n n
= +
}

1
,
cos sin
m
m
m n
x nx m
I n x nx x xdx
n n
= +
}

1
,
cos sin
cos( 1) cos os cos
m
m m
m n
x nx m m
I n x xdx c nx xdx
n n n
= +
} }

, 1, 1 ,
cos sin
m
m n m n m n
x nx m m
I I I
n n n

= +

, , 1, 1
cos sin
m
m n m n m n
m x nx m
I I I
n n n

+ = +

, 1, 1
cos sin
m
m n m n
m n x nx m
I I
n n n

+
= +

, 1, 1
cos sin
m
m n m n
x nx m
I I
m n m n

= +
+ +

Now,
1, 1
cos sin
cos cos
m
m
m n
x nx m
x nxdx I
m n m n

= +
+ +
}


/ 2
/2
1, 1
0 0
cos sin
cos cos
2
m
m
m n
x nx m
x nxdx I
n m n

(
= +
(
+

}

/2 / 2
1
0 0
m m
m
x nxdx x n xdx
m n

= +
+
} }

/ 2 / 2
1
0 0
cos cos cos cos( 1)
m m
m
x nxdx x n xdx
m n

=
+
} }
(Proved). -----------------(1)

/ 2 / 2
/2
1
1, 1
0
0 0
1 1
cos cos cos cos( 1)
2 2
n m
n n
x nxdx x n xdx I

( = =
} }

/ 2
/ 2
1, 1
0 0
1
cos cos
2
n
n n
x nxdx I

(
=
(
}

/ 2 / 2
/ 2
2, 2 2, 2 2
0 0 0
1 1 1
cos cos
2 2 2
n
n n n n
x nxdx I I

( (
= =
( (

}

/ 2 /2
/ 2
3, 3 3, 3 2 3
0 0 0
1 1 1
cos cos
2 2 2
n
n n n n
x nxdx I I

( (
= =
( (

}

Finally

/ 2
/ 2
0,0
0 0
1
cos cos
2
n
n
x nxdx I
(
=
(
}

/2 / 2
0 0
1
cos cos 1
2
n
n
x nxdx dx

=
} }

/2
1
0
1
cos cos
2 2 2
n
n n
x nxdx

+
= =
}
(Proved)

Applied Maths I U III Solution

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