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Depar t m ent of Mat hem at i cs
DI MAT
Ordinary Differential Equations & Applications
UNIT V (I semester)
Depar t ment of Mat hemat i cs, DI MAT Page 2
APPLI ED MATHS I
Time Allowed : Three hours
Maximum Marks : 80
Minimum Pass Marks : 28
Note : Solve any two parts from each question. All questions carry equal marks.
UNIT V
Ordinary Differential Equations & Applications
SOLUTION (Nov-Dec-2005)
(a) Solve the differential equation:
2 2
2 ( 1) 0 xydy x y dx + + = .
Ans:
2 2
2 ( 1) 0 xydy x y dx + + =
Which is of the form 0 Mdx Ndy + =
Where
2 2
( 1), 2 M x y N xy = + + =
2 , 2
M N
y y
y x
c c
= =
c c
M N
y x
c c
=
c c
, So differential equation is not exact.
Now,
2 2 4 2
( )
2 2
M N
y y y y x
f x
N xy xy x
c c
c c
= = = =
So, its I.F. =
2
( )
2ln
2
1
dx
f x dx
x
x
e e e
x
}
}
= = =
By multiplying I.F. to both side of equation (1)
2
2 2
1
1 2 0
y y
dx dy
x x x
| |
+ + + =
|
\ .
----------------- (2)
Which is now exact differential equation.
Where
2
2 2
1
1 , 2
y y
M N
x x x
| |
= + + =
|
\ .
So, Solution is given by c Ndy Mdx
terms x containing Not t cons y
= +
} }
tan
2
2 2
tan
1
1 0
y cons t Not containing x terms
y
dx dy c
x x
| |
+ + + =
|
\ .
} }
2
1 y
x c
x x
=
2 2
x y x cx = (Ans)
UNIT V (I semester)
Depar t ment of Mat hemat i cs, DI MAT Page 3
(b) Solve
2
2
2 cot
dy dy
y x y
dx dx
| | | |
+ =
| |
\ . \ .
.
Ans:
2
2
2 cot
dy dy
y x y
dx dx
| | | |
+ =
| |
\ . \ .
2 2
2 cot p yp x y + =
2 2 2 2 2 2
2 cot cot cot p yp x y x y y x + + = +
2 2 2
( cot ) cos p y x y ec x + =
( cot ) cos p y x y ecx + =
cot cos , cot cos p y x y ecx p y x y ecx = + =
cot cos , cot cos
dy dy
y x y ecx y x y ecx
dx dx
= + =
( ) ( ) cot cos , cot cos
dy dy
x ecx dx x ecx dx
y y
= + =
( ) ( ) cot cos , cot cos
dy dy
x ecx dx x ecx dx
y y
= + =
} } } }
ln ln(cos cot ) lnsin ln , ln ln(cos cot ) lnsin ln y ecx x x c y ecx x x c = + = +
(cos cot )
ln ln . , ln ln
sin (cos cot ) sin
ecx x c
y c y
x ecx x x
| |
= =
|
\ .
(cos cot )
. ,
sin (cos cot ) sin
ecx x c
y c y
x ecx x x
= =
2
(1 cos )
. ,
sin (1 cos ) sin
x c
y c y
x x x
= =
2
(1 cos )
. 0, 0
sin (1 cos ) sin
x c
y c y
x x x
= =
2
(1 cos )
. 0
sin (1 cos ) sin
x c
y c y
x x x
| | | |
=
| |
\ .
\ .
(Ans)
(c) A pipe 20 cm in diameter contains steam of
0
200 C . It is covered by a layer of
insulations 6 cm thick and thermal conductivity 0.0003. It the temperature of
the outer surface is
0
30 C , find the heat loss per hour from two metre length
of the pipe.
Ans:
UNIT V (I semester)
Depar t ment of Mat hemat i cs, DI MAT Page 4
Let us consider a cylinder of radius x cm and length 1 cm.
Surface area = 2 A x = sq cm.
Let Q be quantity of heat flowing across the surface.
So, .2 .
dT dT
Q KA K x
dx dx
= =
2
Q dx
dT
K x
=
} }
ln
2
Q
T x c
K
= +
At 10, 200 x T = =
200 ln10
2
Q
c
K
= + ---------(1)
Again 30, 16 T x = =
So, 30 ln16
2
Q
c
K
= + -----------(2)
(1) (2) we get
( ) 170 ln16 ln10
2
Q
K
=
170 ln1.6
2
Q
K
=
170 2 340 0.0003
ln1.6 ln1.6
K
Q
= =
Heat loss per hour through 2 m long pipe 3600 200 Q =
340 0.0003
3600 200
ln1.6
=
490917.3 = Cal. (Ans)
**************
UNIT V (I semester)
Depar t ment of Mat hemat i cs, DI MAT Page 5
SOLUTION(Apr-May-2006)
(a) Find the integrating factor and solve:
3 2
2
1
(1 ) 0
3 2 4
y x
y dx y xdy
| |
+ + + + =
|
\ .
.
Ans:
3 2
2
1
(1 ) 0
3 2 4
y x
y dx y xdy
| |
+ + + + =
|
\ .
Which is of the form 0 Mdx Ndy + =
Where
3 2
2
1
, (1 )
3 2 4
y x
M y N y x
| |
= + + = +
|
\ .
2 2
1
1 , (1 )
4
M N
y y
y x
c c
= + = +
c c
M N
y x
c c
=
c c
, So differential equation is not exact.
Now,
2 2 2
2 2
1 3
1 (1 ) (1 )
3
4 4
( )
1 1
(1 ) (1 )
4 4
M N
y y y
y x
f x
N x
y x y x
c c
+ + +
c c
= = = =
+ +
So, its I.F. =
3
( )
3ln 3
dx
f x dx
x
x
e e e x
}
}
= = =
By multiplying I.F. to both side of equation (1)
3 3 5
3 2 4
1
(1 ) 0
3 2 4
x y x
x y dx y x dy
| |
+ + + + =
|
\ .
-----------------(2)
Which is now exact differential equation.
Where
3 3 5
3 2 4
1
, (1 )
3 2 4
x y x
M x y N y x
| |
= + + = +
|
\ .
So, Solution is given by c Ndy Mdx
terms x containing Not t cons y
= +
} }
tan
3 3 5
3
tan
0
3 2
y cons t Not containing x terms
x y x
x y dx dy c
| |
+ + + =
|
\ .
} }
4 4 3 6
4 12 12
x y x y x
c + + = (Ans)
(b) Solve the differential equation
4 2
y xp x p + = .
Ans:
4 2
y px x p + =
Differentiate with respect to x we get
3 2 4
4 2
dy dp dp
p x x p px
dx dx dx
+ + = +
3 2 4
2 4 2
dp dp
p x x p px
dx dx
+ = +
UNIT V (I semester)
Depar t ment of Mat hemat i cs, DI MAT Page 6
4 3 2
2 4 2 0
dp dp
px x p p x
dx dx
+ =
3
2 2 2 0
dp dp
px x p x p
dx dx
| | | |
+ + =
| |
\ . \ .
( )
3
2 2 1 0
dp
x p px
dx
| |
+ =
|
\ .
2 0
dp
x p
dx
+ =
2 dp
dx
p x
=
2 dp
dx
p x
=
} }
ln 2ln ln p x c = +
2
c
p
x
=
Now, putting the value of p in
4 2
y px x p + = we get
2
c
y c
x
+ =
2
xy x c x + = (Ans)
(c) In a LR series circuit the current attains one-third of its final steady
(maximum) value in 5 seconds. What is the time-constant
L
R
| |
|
\ .
of the circuit?
Ans: In LR circuit
0
1
R
t
L
E
I e
R
| |
=
|
\ .
--------------(1)
Final maximum value of current =
0
E
R
Given that after 5 second current attains one-third of final maximum value.
5
0 0
1
1
3
R
L
E E
I e
R R
| |
= =
|
\ .
5
1
1
3
R
L
e
=
5
2
3
R
L
e
=
5 2
ln 0.40546
3
R
L
= =
0.08109
R
L
=
12.332
L
R
=
So, time-constant
L
R
| |
|
\ .
of the circuit is 12.332.
**************
UNIT V (I semester)
Depar t ment of Mat hemat i cs, DI MAT Page 7
SOLUTION (Nov-Dec-2006)
(a) Solve the differential equation:
( sin cos ) ( sin cos ) 0 xy xy xy ydy xy xy xy xdx + + = .
Ans: ( sin cos ) ( sin cos ) 0 xy xy xy ydy xy xy xy xdx + + =
Which is of the form
1 2
( ). ( ). 0 f xy ydx f xy xdy + =
Then its
1 2
1
. .
. ( ). . ( ).
I F
x f xy y y f xy x
=
1 1
( sin cos ) ( sin cos ) 2 cos xy xy xy xy xy xy xy xy xy xy
= =
+
Now multiplying I.F. both side of equation (1) we get
tan 1 tan 1
0
2 2 2 2
y xy x xy
dy dx
x y
| |
| |
+ + =
| |
\ .
\ .
-----------(2)
Which is of the form 0 Mdx Ndy + =
Where
tan 1 tan 1
,
2 2 2 2
y xy x xy
M N
x y
| |
| |
= + =
| |
\ .
\ .
So equation (2) is an exact differential equation.
So, its solution is given by c Ndy Mdx
terms x containing Not t cons y
= +
} }
tan
tan
tan 1 1
2 2 2
y cons t Not containing x terms
y xy
dx dy c
x y
| |
+ + =
|
\ .
} }
1 1 1
lnsec ln ln
2 2 2
xy x y c + =
2
sec
c
x xy
e
y
= (Ans)
(b) Solve
3
9( log ) (2 3log ) y xp p p p + = + .
Ans:
3
9( log ) (2 3log ) y xp p p p + = + --------------(1)
Differentiating with respect to x we get,
2 2
9 log log 3 (2 3log ) 3
dy dp dp dp dp
p p x p x p p p
dx dx dx dx dx
| |
+ + + = + +
|
\ .
2 2
9 9 log 9 log 9 9 9 log 0
dp dp dp
p p p x p x p p p
dx dx dx
+ + + =
2 2
log log log 0
dp dp dp
p p p x p x p p p
dx dx dx
+ + + =
2
(1 log ) (1 log ) (1 log ) 0
dp dp
p p x p p p
dx dx
+ + + + =
2
(1 log ) ( ) 0
dp
p p x p
dx
| |
+ + =
|
\ .
2
( ) 0
dp
p x p
dx
+ =
UNIT V (I semester)
Depar t ment of Mat hemat i cs, DI MAT Page 8
2
( )
dx
p x p
dp
=
1 dx
x p
dp p
+ = Which is linear differential equation of first order.
Its
1
ln
. .
dp
p p
I F e e p
}
= = =
Hence solution is . . x p p pdp c = +
}
3
.
3
p
x p c = + -------------(2)
Equation (1) and equation (2) combined is the solution.
(c) A stream pipe 20 cm in diameter contains steam of
0
180 C . It is covered by a
layer of insulations 16 cm thick. If the temperature of the outer surface is
0
30 C , find the temperature half way through the covering under steady state
condition.
Ans:
.2 .
dT
Q K x
dx
=
2
Q dx
dT
K x
=
} }
ln
2
Q
T x c
K
= +
At 180, 10 T x = =
180 ln10
2
Q
c
K
= + ---------------(1)
Again at 40, 15 T x = =
30 ln 26
2
Q
c
K
= + ---------------(2)
By subtracting (2) from (1) we get
150 ln 2.6
2
Q
K
= --------------(3)
When 18 x =
ln18
2
Q
T c
K
= + ---------(4)
UNIT V (I semester)
Depar t ment of Mat hemat i cs, DI MAT Page 9
Subtracting (1) from (4) we get
( ) 180 ln 1.8
2
Q
T
K
= --------(5)
Dividing (5) by (3) we get
180 ln1.8
150 ln 2.6
T
=
0
ln1.8
150 180 87.73
ln 2.6
T C = + = (Ans)
**************
SOLUTION (May-June-2007)
(a) Find the integrating factor and solve the differential equations:
(i)
2 2 3 2 3 2
( 2 ) ( ) 0 xy x y dx x y x y dy + + = .
Ans:
2 2 3 2 3 2
( 2 ) ( ) 0 xy x y dx x y x y dy + + = ----------------(1)
2 2
( ) (2 ) 0 xy ydx xdy x y ydx xdy + + =
Which is of the form
' '
( ) ( ' ' )
a b a b
x y mydx nxdy x y m ydx n xdy + + +
Where 1, ' ' 2, 1, ' 2, ' 1 a b a b m n m n = = = = = = = =
Its . .
h k
I F x y = where
1 1 ' 1 ' 1
,
' '
a h b k a h b k
m n m n
+ + + + + + + +
= =
2 2 3 3
,
1 1 2 1
h k h k + + + +
= =
, ( 3) 2( 3) h k h k = + = +
3 h k = =
So.
3 3
3 3
1
. .
h k
I F x y x y
x y
= = =
By multiplying I.F. to (1) we get
2 2
1 2 1 1
0 dx dy
x y x xy y
| | | |
+ + =
| |
\ . \ .
which is exact differential equation.
Where
2 2
1 2 1 1
, M N
x y x xy y
| | | |
= + =
| |
\ . \ .
So, Solution is given by c Ndy Mdx
terms x containing Not t cons y
= +
} }
tan
2
tan
1 2 1
y cons t Not containing x terms
dx dy c
x y x y
| |
+ + =
|
\ .
} }
1
2ln ln
2
x y c
xy
+ = (Ans)
(ii)
3 2 2 4
( ) 2( ) 0 xy y dx x y x y dy + + + + = .
UNIT V (I semester)
Depar t ment of Mat hemat i cs, DI MAT Page 10
Ans:
3 2 2 4
( ) 2( ) 0 xy y dx x y x y dy + + + + =
Which is of the form 0 Mdx Ndy + =
Where
3 2 2 4
( ), 2( ) M xy y N x y x y = + = + +
2 2
3 1, 4 2
M N
xy xy
y x
c c
= + = +
c c
M N
y x
c c
=
c c
, So differential equation is not exact.
Now,
2 2 2
3 2
4 2 3 1 1 1
( )
( ) ( 1)
N M
xy xy xy x y
f y
M xy y y xy y
c c
+ + c c
= = = =
+ +
So, its I.F. =
1
( )
ln
dy
f y dy
y y
e e e y
}
}
= = =
By multiplying I.F. to both side of equation (1)
4 2 2 3 5
( ) 2( ) 0 xy y dx x y xy y dy + + + + = -----------------(2)
Which is now exact differential equation.
Where
4 2 2 3 5
( ), 2( ) M xy y N x y xy y = + = + +
So, Solution is given by c Ndy Mdx
terms x containing Not t cons y
= +
} }
tan
4 2 5
tan
( ) 2
y cons t Not containing x terms
xy y dx y dy c
+ + =
} }
2 4 6
2
2 3
x y y
xy c + + = (Ans)
(b) Solve the following differential equations:
(i)
3
xp a bp = + where
dy
p
dx
=
Ans:
3
xp a bp = +
3
a bp
x
p
+
=
Differentiating with respect to y we get
( )
6 5
6
. 6
dp dp
p b a bp p
dx dy dy
dy p
+ +
=
( ) 6
1
dp dp
bp a bp
dy dy
p p
+ +
= ( ) 6 7 1
dp
a bp
dy
+ =
( ) 6 7 dy a bp dp = +
} }
2
7
6
2
bp
y ap c = + + ----------(2)
Solution is the elimination of p from (1) and (2).
(ii)
2 3
2 y xp y p = + .
UNIT V (I semester)
Depar t ment of Mat hemat i cs, DI MAT Page 11
Ans:
2 3
2 y xp y p = + ----------(1)
2 3
2
y y p
x
p
=
Differentiating with respect to y we get
( )
3 2 2 2 3
2
1 2 3
1
2
dp dp
p yp y p y y p
dy dy dx
dy p
| |
|
\ .
=
4 2 3 2 3
2
2 3
1 1
2
dp dp dp
p yp y p y y p
dy dy dy
p p
+
=
4 2 3
2 2 2
dp dp
p p yp y p y
dy dy
=
4 2 3
2 2 0
dp dp
p yp y p y
dy dy
+ + + =
( ) ( )
3 3
1 2 1 2 0
dp
p yp y yp
dy
+ + + =
( )
3
1 2 0
dp
yp p y
dy
| |
+ + =
|
\ .
0
dp
p y
dy
+ =
dp dy
p y
=
} }
ln ln ln p y c = +
py c =
Putting the value of p in (1) we get
3
2
c c
y x
y y
= +
2 3
2 y cx c = + (Ans).
(c) A coil having a resistance of 15 ohm and an inductance of 10 henry is
connected to a 90 volt supply. Determine the value of the current:
(i) After 0.67 sec
(ii) After 2 sec. (e = 2.718)
Ans: Here R = 15 ohm, L = 12 Henry, E = 90 volt.
It is RL-circuit.
Equation of RL-circuit is
di
Ri L E
dt
+ =
15 12 90
di
i
dt
+ =
5
(6 )
4
di
i
dt
=
UNIT V (I semester)
Depar t ment of Mat hemat i cs, DI MAT Page 12
5
6 4
di
dt
i
=
} }
5
ln( 6) ln
4
i t c = +
5
4
6
t
i ce
=
5
4
6
t
i ce
= + -----------(1)
At t = 0, i = 0, so equation (1) becomes 0 6 6 c c = + =
Putting the value of c in (1) we get
5
4
6 6
t
i e
= -----------(2)
(i) Current after 0.67 sec
5
0.67
0.8375
4
6 6 6 6 6 6 0.4328 6 0.5612 3.3672 e e
= = = = =
(Ans)
(ii) Current after 2 sec
5
2
0.5
4
6 6 6 6 6 6 0.6065 6 0.3965 2.379 e e
= = = = = (Ans).
**************
SOLUTION (Nov-Dec-2007)
(a) Explain necessary and sufficient condition for a differential equation
0 Mdx Ndy + = to be exact.
Ans: Necessary condition for a differential equation 0 Mdx Ndy + = to be exact is
M N
y x
c c
=
c c
.
(b) Solve the differential equation:
3
2 1/ 2
( ) 0
x
xy e dx x ydy = .
Ans: Which is of the form 0 Mdx Ndy + =
Where
3
2 1/ 2
,
x
M xy e N x ydy = =
2 , 2
M N
xy xy
y x
c c
= =
c c
M N
y x
c c
=
c c
, So differential equation is not exact.
Now,
2 2
2 2 4 4
( )
M N
xy xy xy y x
f x
N x y x y x
c c
+ c c
= = = =
So, its I.F. =
4
( )
4ln
4
1
dx
f x dx
x
x
e e e
x
}
}
= = =
By multiplying I.F. to both side of equation (1)
UNIT V (I semester)
Depar t ment of Mat hemat i cs, DI MAT Page 13
3
2 1/
3 4 2
0
x
y e y
dx dy
x x x
| |
=
|
|
\ .
-----------------(2)
Which is now exact differential equation.
Where
3
2 1/
3 4 2
,
x
y e y
M N
x x x
= =
So, Solution is given by c Ndy Mdx
terms x containing Not t cons y
= +
} }
tan
3
2 1/
3 4
tan
0
x
y cons t Not containing x terms
y e
dx dy c
x x
| |
+ =
|
|
\ .
} }
3
2
1/
2
1
2 3
x
y
e c
x
+ = (Ans)
(c) Solve
4 2
y px x p + = .
Ans:
4 2
y px x p + =
Differentiate with respect to x we get
3 2 4
4 2
dy dp dp
p x x p px
dx dx dx
+ + = +
3 2 4
2 4 2
dp dp
p x x p px
dx dx
+ = +
4 3 2
2 4 2 0
dp dp
px x p p x
dx dx
+ =
3
2 2 2 0
dp dp
px x p x p
dx dx
| | | |
+ + =
| |
\ . \ .
( )
3
2 2 1 0
dp
x p px
dx
| |
+ =
|
\ .
2 0
dp
x p
dx
+ =
2 dp
dx
p x
=
2 dp
dx
p x
=
} }
ln 2ln ln p x c = +
2
c
p
x
=
Now, putting the value of p in
4 2
y px x p + = we get
2
c
y c
x
+ =
2
xy x c x + = (Ans)
UNIT V (I semester)
Depar t ment of Mat hemat i cs, DI MAT Page 14
(d) The equation of electromotive force in terms of current i for an electrical
circuit having resistance R and condenser capacity c, in series is
i
E Ri dt
C
= +
}
. Find the current i at any time t, when
0
sin E E wt = .
Ans:
i
E Ri dt
C
= +
}
0
sin
i
Ri dt E wt
C
+ =
}
By Differentiating with respect to t we get
0
cos
di i
R E w wt
dt C
+ =
0
cos E w wt di i
dt RC R
+ = --------------(1)
Which is first order linear differential equation.
Its I.F. =
1 t
dt
RC RC
e e
}
=
Solution of (1) is
0
cos
t t
RC RC
E w
Ie e wtdt
R
=
}
0
2
2 2
1
cos sin
1
t
t
RC
RC
E w e
Ie wt w wt c
R RC
w
R C
| |
= + +
|
\ .
+
2
0
2 2 2
1
cos sin
1
t t
RC RC
E wC R
Ie e wt w wt c
R C w RC
| |
= + +
|
+
\ .
( )
0
2 2 2
cos sin
1
t
RC
E wC
I wt wRC wt ce
R C w
= + +
+
(Ans)
**************
SOLUTION (May-June-2008)
(a) Write the general form of the first order differential equation of nth degree.
Ans:
1
0 1
( , ) ( , ) ...................... ( , ) 0
n n
n
dy dy
f x y f x y f x y
dx dx
| | | |
+ + + =
| |
\ . \ .
.
UNIT V (I semester)
Depar t ment of Mat hemat i cs, DI MAT Page 15
(b) Solve: (1 ) (1 ) 0 y xy dx x xy dy + + = .
Ans: (1 ) (1 ) 0 y xy dx x xy dy + + = -------------(1)
Which is of the form
1 2
( ). ( ). 0 f xy ydx f xy xdy + =
Then its
2 2
1 2
1 1 1
. .
. ( ). . ( ). (1 ) (1 ) 2
I F
x f xy y y f xy x xy xy xy xy x y
= = =
+
Now multiplying I.F. both side of equation (1) we get
2 2
1 1 1 1
0
2 2 2 2
dx dy
x y x xy y
| | | |
+ + =
| |
\ . \ .
-----------(2)
Which is of the form 0 Mdx Ndy + =
Where
2 2
1 1 1 1
,
2 2 2 2
M N
x y x xy y
| | | |
= + =
| |
\ . \ .
2 2 2 2
1 1
,
2 2
M N
y x y x x y
c c
= =
c c
M N
y x
c c
=
c c
. So equation (2) is an exact differential equation.
So, its solution is given by c Ndy Mdx
terms x containing Not t cons y
= +
} }
tan
2
tan
1 1 1
2 2 2
y cons t Not containing x terms
dx dy c
x y x y
| |
+ + =
|
\ .
} }
1 1 1
ln ln
2 2 2
x y c
xy
+ =
ln ln 1 2 xy x xy y cxy = (Ans)
(c) Solve:
2
tan
1
p
p x
p
| |
=
|
+
\ .
.
Ans:
2
tan
1
p
p x
p
| |
=
|
+
\ .
1
2
tan
1
p
x p
p
=
+
1
2
tan
1
p
x p
p
= +
+
--------------(1)
Differentiating with respect to y we get
( )
2 2
2 2
2
1 1 2
1
1
dx dp p p dp
dy p dy dy
p
+
= +
+
+
( )
2 2
2
2
1 1 1
1
p p dp
p dy
p
| |
+ +
|
=
|
+
\ .
( )
2
2
1 2
1
dp
p dy
p
=
+
( )
2
2
2
1
pdp
dy
p
=
+
( )
2
2
2
1
pdp
dy
p
=
+
} }
( )
2
1
1
y c
p
= +
+
UNIT V (I semester)
Depar t ment of Mat hemat i cs, DI MAT Page 16
( )
2
1
1
c y
p
=
+
1
1 p
c y
=
------------------(2)
Equation (1) and (2) are the solution.
(d) The equation of electromotive force in terms of current i for an electrical
circuit having resistance R and condenser capacity c, in series is
i
E Ri dt
c
= +
}
. Find the current i at any time t, when
0
sin E E wt = .
Ans:
i
E Ri dt
C
= +
}
0
sin
i
Ri dt E wt
C
+ =
}
By Differentiating with respect to t we get
0
cos
di i
R E w wt
dt C
+ =
0
cos E w wt di i
dt RC R
+ = --------------(1)
Which is first order linear differential equation.
Its I.F. =
1 t
dt
RC RC
e e
}
=
Solution of (1) is
0
cos
t t
RC RC
E w
Ie e wtdt
R
=
}
0
2
2 2
1
cos sin
1
t
t
RC
RC
E w e
Ie wt w wt c
R RC
w
R C
| |
= + +
|
\ .
+
2
0
2 2 2
1
cos sin
1
t t
RC RC
E wC R
Ie e wt w wt c
R C w RC
| |
= + +
|
+
\ .
( )
0
2 2 2
cos sin
1
t
RC
E wC
I wt wRC wt ce
R C w
= + +
+
(Ans)
**************
SOLUTION (Dec-2008)
(a) Select the correct answer: integrating factor for
3
2 1/ 2
( ) 0
x
xy e dx x ydy = is:
I.
4
x
.
II.
4
x .
III.
3
x .
IV.
3
x
.
UNIT V (I semester)
Depar t ment of Mat hemat i cs, DI MAT Page 17
Ans:
4
x
.
(b) Solve the differential equation:
2 2
(3 2 ) ( 2 ) 0 xy ay dx x axy dy + = .
Ans:
2 2
(3 2 ) ( 2 ) 0 xy ay dx x axy dy + = ----------------(1)
Here
2 2
(3 2 ), ( 2 ) M xy ay N x axy = =
Then 3 4 , 2 2
M N
x ay x ay
y x
c c
= =
c c x
N
y
M
c
c
=
c
c
So, given differential equation is non-exact.
Now,
2
3 4 2 2 1
( )
2 ( 2 )
M N
x ay x ay x ay y x
f x
N x axy x x ay x
c c
c c
= = = =
So, its I.F. =
1
( )
ln
dx
f x dx
x
x
e e e x
}
}
= = =
By multiplying I.F. to both side of equation (1)
2 2 3 2
(3 2 ) ( 2 ) 0 x y axy dx x ax y dy + = -----------------(2)
Which is now exact differential equation.
Where
2 2 3 2
(3 2 ), ( 2 ) M x y axy N x ax y = =
So, Solution is given by c Ndy Mdx
terms x containing Not t cons y
= +
} }
tan
2 2
tan
(3 2 ) 0
y cons t Not containing x terms
x y axy dx dy c
+ =
} }
3 2 2
x y ax y c = (Ans)
(c) Solve the differential equation:
4
2
2 . 0
dy dy
x x y
dx dx
| |
+ =
|
\ .
.
Ans:
4
2
2 . 0
dy dy
x x y
dx dx
| |
+ =
|
\ .
4
2
2 .
dy dy
y x x
dx dx
| |
= +
|
\ .
2 4
2 y x p xp = +
Now differentiating with respect to x we get
4 2 3
2 4 2 2
dy dp dp
xp x p p x
dx dx dx
= + + +
( )
4 2 3
2 4 2 2
dp
p xp x p x p
dx
= + + +
( )
4 2 3
0 2 4 2
dp
xp x p x p
dx
= + + +
( ) ( )
3 3
2 2 1 2 1 0
dp
x xp p xp
dx
+ + + =
( )
3
2 1 2 0
dp
xp x p
dx
| |
+ + =
|
\ .
Now 2 0
dp
x p
dx
| |
+ =
|
\ .
2
2
dp dp dx
x p
dx p x
= =
2
dp dx
p x
=
} }
UNIT V (I semester)
Depar t ment of Mat hemat i cs, DI MAT Page 18
1
ln ln ln
2
c
p x c p
x
= + =
So, solution is
2 4
2 y x p xp = +
4
2
2
2
c c
y x x
x x
= +
4
2 y c c x = + (Ans)
(d) The temperature of a body decreases at a rate k where
0
is the amount the
body is hotter than the surrounding air. The body is heated by a source
which makes the bodys temperature increase at a rate ' ' at where t is time
and a is constant. If this source is applied at t = 0, and the body is then at
the temperature of the surrounding air, show that:
1 1
kt
a
t e
k k k
| |
= +
|
\ .
.
Ans:
Given that The temperature of a body decreases at a rate k where
0
is
the amount the body is hotter than the surrounding air. The body is heated by a
source which makes the bodys temperature increase at a rate ' ' at where t is
time and a is constant.
So,
d
at k
dt
=
d
k at
dt
(
=
(
} } }
.
kt kt
kt
e e
e a t dt
k k
(
=
(
}
2
.
kt kt
kt
e e
e a t C
k k
(
= +
(
-------------(1)
Given that at t = 0, 0 = .
So, equation (1) becomes
2
a
C
k
=
So, putting the value of C in (1) we get
2 2
.
kt kt
kt
e e a
e a t
k k k
(
= +
(
2 2
1
.
kt kt
kt
e e
e a t
k k k
(
= +
(
2 2
1
kt
t e
a
k k k
(
= +
(
1 1
kt
a
t e
k k k
(
= +
(
(Proved).
**************
UNIT V (I semester)
Depar t ment of Mat hemat i cs, DI MAT Page 19
Solution (Apr-May-2009)
(a) Fill up the blank:
Integrating factor for
3
2 1/ 2
( ) 0
x
xy e dx x ydy = is __________.
Ans: Integrating factor for
3
2 1/ 2
( ) 0
x
xy e dx x ydy = is
4
x
. (Ans)
(b) Solve the differential equation:
3 2 2 3
( ) ( ) 0 x y x dy x y y dx + + = .
Ans:
3 2 2 3
( ) ( ) 0 x y x dy x y y dx + + = ----------------(1)
2 2
( ) ( ) 0 ydx xdy x y xdy ydx + + + =
Which is of the form
' '
( ) ( ' ' )
a b a b
x y mydx nxdy x y m ydx n xdy + + +
Where 0, ' ' 2, 1, 1, ' 1, ' 1 a b a b m n m n = = = = = = = =
Its . .
h k
I F x y = where
1 1 ' 1 ' 1
,
' '
a h b k a h b k
m n m n
+ + + + + + + +
= =
1 1 3 3
,
1 1 1 1
h k h k + + + +
= =
1 1, 3 3 h k h k = + + = +
1, 1 h k = =
So.
1 1
1
. .
h k
I F x y x y
xy
= = =
By multiplying I.F. to (1) we get
2 2
1 1
0 x y dy xy dy
y x
| |
| |
+ + =
| |
\ .
\ .
which is exact differential equation.
Where
2 2
1 1
, N xy M x y
x y
| |
| |
= = +
| |
\ .
\ .
So, Solution is given by c Ndy Mdx
terms x containing Not t cons y
= +
} }
tan
2
tan
1 1
y cons t Not containing x terms
x y dx dy c
y y
| |
+ + =
|
\ .
} }
2 2
log log
2
x y
x y c + = (Ans)
(c) Solve the differential equation:
2
tan ,
1
p dy
p x p
p dx
| |
= =
|
+
\ .
.
Ans:
2
tan
1
p
p x
p
| |
=
|
+
\ .
1
2
tan
1
p
x p
p
=
+
UNIT V (I semester)
Depar t ment of Mat hemat i cs, DI MAT Page 20
1
2
tan
1
p
x p
p
= +
+
--------------(1)
Differentiating with respect to y we get
( )
2 2
2 2
2
1 1 2
1
1
dx dp p p dp
dy p dy dy
p
+
= +
+
+
( )
2 2
2
2
1 1 1
1
p p dp
p dy
p
| |
+ +
|
=
|
+
\ .
( )
2
2
1 2
1
dp
p dy
p
=
+
( )
2
2
2
1
pdp
dy
p
=
+
( )
2
2
2
1
pdp
dy
p
=
+
} }
( )
2
1
1
y c
p
= +
+
( )
2
1
1
c y
p
=
+
1
1 p
c y
=
------------------(2)
Equation (1) and (2) are the solution.
(d) A pipe 20 cm in diameter contains steam at
0
150 C and is protected with a
covering 5 cm thick for which K = 0.0025. If the temperature of the outer
surface of the covering is
0
40 C , find the temperature half way through the
covering under steady state condition.
Ans:
.2 .
dT
Q K x
dx
=
2
Q dx
dT
K x
=
} }
ln
2
Q
T x c
K
= +
At 150, 10 T x = =
150 ln10
2
Q
c
K
= + ---------------(1)
Again at 40, 15 T x = =
40 ln15
2
Q
c
K
= + ---------------(2)
By subtracting (2) from (1) we get
UNIT V (I semester)
Depar t ment of Mat hemat i cs, DI MAT Page 21
110 ln1.5
2
Q
K
= --------------(3)
When 12.5 x =
ln12.5
2
Q
T c
K
= + ---------(4)
Subtracting (1) from (4) we get
150 ln1.25
2
Q
T
K
= --------(5)
Dividing (5) by (3) we get
150 ln1.25
110 ln1.5
T
=
0
ln1.25
110 150 89.5
ln1.5
T C = + = (Ans)
**************
SOLUTION (Nov-Dec-2009)
(a) Explain necessary condition for a differential equation 0 = + Ndy Mdx to be
exact.
Ans: - The necessary condition for differential equation 0 = + Ndy Mdx to be exact is
x
N
y
M
c
c
=
c
c
(b) Solve:
3 2 2 4
( ) 2( ) 0 xy y dx x y x y dy + + + + = .
Ans: -
3 2 2 4
( ) 2( ) 0 xy y dx x y x y dy + + + + = ----------------(1)
Here
3 2 2 4
, 2 2 2 M xy y N x y x y = + = + +
Then
2 2
3 1, 4 2
M N
xy xy
y x
c c
= + = +
c c x
N
y
M
c
c
=
c
c
So, given differential equation is non-exact.
Now,
2 2 2
3 2
4 2 3 1 1 1
( )
( 1)
N M
xy xy xy x y
f y
M xy y y xy y
c c
+ + c c
= = = =
+ +
So, its I.F. =
1
( )
ln
dy
f y dy
y y
e e e y
}
}
= = =
By multiplying I.F. to both side of equation (1)
4 2 2 3 5
( ) 2( ) 0 xy y dx x y xy y dy + + + + = -----------------(2)
Which is now exact differential equation.
Where
4 2 2 3 5
( ), 2( ) M xy y N x y xy y = + = + +
So, Solution is given by c Ndy Mdx
terms x containing Not t cons y
= +
} }
tan
4 2 5
tan
( ) 2
y cons t Not containing x terms
xy y dx y dy c
+ + =
} }
UNIT V (I semester)
Depar t ment of Mat hemat i cs, DI MAT Page 22
2 4 6
2
2 3
x y y
xy c + + = (Ans)
(c) Solve:
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
=
2
1
tan
p
p
x p .
Ans: -
2
tan
1
p
p x
p
| |
=
|
+
\ .
1
2
tan
1
p
x p
p
=
+
1
2
tan
1
p
x p
p
= +
+
--------------(1)
Differentiating with respect to y we get
( )
2 2
2 2
2
1 1 2
1
1
dx dp p p dp
dy p dy dy
p
+
= +
+
+
( )
2 2
2
2
1 1 1
1
p p dp
p dy
p
| |
+ +
|
=
|
+
\ .
( )
2
2
1 2
1
dp
p dy
p
=
+
( )
2
2
2
1
pdp
dy
p
=
+
( )
2
2
2
1
pdp
dy
p
=
+
} }
( )
2
1
1
y c
p
= +
+
( )
2
1
1
c y
p
=
+
1
1 p
c y
=
------------------(2)
Putting (2) in (1) we get the solution as
1
1
1
1
tan 1
1
1 1
c y
x
c y
c y
| |
= +
|
|
\ .
+
1
1
1
tan
1
c y
c y c y
x
c y
c y
+
| |
+
= +
|
|
\ .
1
1
tan (1 )( )
c y
x c y c y
c y
| |
+
= + +
|
|
\ .
(Ans).
(d) Show that the differential equation for the current i in an electrical circuit
containing an inductance L and a resistance R in series and acted upon by an
electromotive force wt Esin satisfies the equation wt E Ri
dt
di
L sin = + . Find
the values of the current at any time t, if initially there is no current in the
circuit.
Ans: For LR circuit
Voltage drops across R = Ri .
Voltage drops across L =
di
L
dt
.
Given electromotive force = wt Esin
So, by Kirchhoffs Law, sum of voltage drops across R and L = Electromotive
force.
UNIT V (I semester)
Depar t ment of Mat hemat i cs, DI MAT Page 23
So, wt E Ri
dt
di
L sin = + (Proved).--------------(1)
wt
L
E
i
L
R
dt
di
sin = + , Which is first order linear differential equation.
So, its
t
L
R
dt
L
R
e e F I =
}
= . .
So, solution is dt t w e
L
E
i e
t
L
R
t
L
R
. sin
}
=
C wt w wt
L
R
w
L
R
e
L
E
i e
t
L
R
t
L
R
+ |
.
|
\
|
+ |
.
|
\
|
= cos sin
2
2
( ) C wt Lw wt R
w L R
Ee
i e
t
L
R
t
L
R
+
+
= cos sin
2 2 2
( )
t
L
R
Ce wt Lw wt R
w L R
E
i
+
+
= cos sin
2 2 2
Given that at 0 0 = = i t .
2 2 2 2 2 2
0
w L R
ELw
C C
w L R
ELw
+
= +
+
=
So, solution ( )
t
L
R
e
w L R
ELw
wt Lw wt R
w L R
E
i
+
+
+
=
2 2 2 2 2 2
cos sin (Ans).
**************
Solution (May-June-2010)
(a) What is the I.F. of 0 ) (
2 / 1 2
3
= ydy x dx e xy
x
.
Ans: - 0 ) (
2 / 1 2
3
= ydy x dx e xy
x
Which is of the form 0 Mdx Ndy + =
Where
3
2 1/ 2
,
x
M xy e N x ydy = = 2 , 2
M N
xy xy
y x
c c
= =
c c
M N
y x
c c
=
c c
, So differential equation is not exact. Now,
2 2
2 2 4 4
( )
M N
xy xy xy y x
f x
N x y x y x
c c
+ c c
= = = =
So, its I.F. =
4
( )
4ln
4
1
dx
f x dx
x
x
e e e
x
}
}
= = = .
UNIT V (I semester)
Depar t ment of Mat hemat i cs, DI MAT Page 24
(b) Solve 0 ) ( cos
3 4
= + + xy ec y x
dx
dy
x .
Ans: - Let |
.
|
\
|
= |
.
|
\
|
= + = =
x
t
dx
dt
x
y
dx
dt
x dx
dy
dx
dy
x y
dx
dt
xy t
1 1
Then 0 ) ( cos
3 4
= + + xy ec y x
dx
dy
x
0 ) ( cos 0 ) ( cos
1
2 2 3 3 4
= + + = + + |
.
|
\
|
t ec t x t x
dx
dt
x t ec
x
t
x
x
t
dx
dt
x
x
0 ) ( cos
3
= + t ec
dx
dt
x
3
sin
x
dx
tdt = On integrating
2
2
cos 2
2 2
1
cos
= +
= x c t
C
x
t
2
) cos( 2
= x c xy
C x xy = +
2
) cos( 2 (Ans).
(c) Solve ] 1 [
2
p p x y + + =
Ans: - ] 1 [
2
p p x y + + =
2
2
1 p p
x
y
+ = |
.
|
\
|
2 2
2
2
1 2 p p p
x
y
x
y
+ = +
x
x y
yp
x
x y
x
y
x
yp
2 2
2
2 2
2
2
2 1
2
=
= =
x
x y
dx
dy
y
2 2
2
=
0 2 ) (
2 2
= + xydy dx y x ----------------(1) which is of the form
0 = + Ndy Mdx
Where xy N y x M 2 ), (
2 2
= =
Now, y
x
N
y
y
M
2 , 2 =
c
c
=
c
c
Here
x
N
y
M
c
c
=
c
c
So, differential equation is not exact.
) (
2
2
2 2
x f
x xy
y y
N
x
N
y
M
= =
=
c
c
c
c
So,
2 ln 2
2
. .
= =
}
= x e e F I
x
dx
x
By multiplying I.F. both side to equation (1) we get
UNIT V (I semester)
Depar t ment of Mat hemat i cs, DI MAT Page 25
0 2 1
2
2
= +
|
|
.
|
\
|
dy
x
y
dx
x
y
, which is exact differential equation.
So, its solution is c Ndy Mdx
terms x containing Not t cons y
= +
} }
tan
C dy dx
x
y
= +
|
|
.
|
\
|
} }
0 1
2
2
C
x
y
x = +
2
(Ans).
(d) A constant electromotive force E volts is applied to a circuit containing a
constant resistance R ohms in series and a constant inductance L henries. If
the initial current is zero, show that the current builds half its theoretical
maximum in (Llog2)/R seconds.
Ans: -
For LR circuit
Voltage drops across Ri R = .
Voltage drops across
dt
di
L L = .
Given electromotive force = E
So, by Kirchhoffs Law, sum of voltage drops across R and L = Electromotive
force.
So, E Ri
dt
di
L = +
L
E
i
L
R
dt
di
= + , Which is first order linear differential equation.
So, its
t
L
R
dt
L
R
e e F I =
}
= . .
So, solution is dt e
L
E
i e
t
L
R
t
L
R
}
=
C e
R
E
C
L
R
e
L
E
i e
t
L
R
t
L
R
t
L
R
+ = + =
C e
R
E
i
t
L
R
+ =
Given that at 0 0 = = i t .
R
E
C C
R
E
= + = 0
So, solution
|
|
.
|
\
|
= =
t
L
R
t
L
R
e
R
E
e
R
E
R
E
i 1 ---------------(1)
Maximum theoretical value of
R
E
i =
UNIT V (I semester)
Depar t ment of Mat hemat i cs, DI MAT Page 26
To become its half i.e
R
E
i
2
=
Equation (1) becomes
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
t
L
R
e
R
E
R
E
1
2
2
2
1
2
1
1 = = =
t
L
R
t
L
R
t
L
R
e e e
2 log = t
L
R
R
L
t
2 log .
= (Proved)
**************
SOLUTION (Nov-Dec-2010)
(a) Find the integrating factor of the differential equation
0 ) ( ) 2 (
2 2 2 2
= + + dy y x xy x dx y x xy y .
(b) Solve the differential equation:
3
2 1/ 2
( ) 0
x
xy e dx x ydy = .
Ans: Which is of the form 0 Mdx Ndy + =
Where
3
2 1/ 2
,
x
M xy e N x ydy = =
2 , 2
M N
xy xy
y x
c c
= =
c c
M N
y x
c c
=
c c
, So differential equation is not exact.
Now,
2 2
2 2 4 4
( )
M N
xy xy xy y x
f x
N x y x y x
c c
+ c c
= = = =
So, its I.F. =
4
( )
4ln
4
1
dx
f x dx
x
x
e e e
x
}
}
= = =
By multiplying I.F. to both side of equation (1)
3
2 1/
3 4 2
0
x
y e y
dx dy
x x x
| |
=
|
|
\ .
-----------------(2)
Which is now exact differential equation.
Where
3
2 1/
3 4 2
,
x
y e y
M N
x x x
= =
So, Solution is given by c Ndy Mdx
terms x containing Not t cons y
= +
} }
tan
UNIT V (I semester)
Depar t ment of Mat hemat i cs, DI MAT Page 27
3
2 1/
3 4
tan
0
x
y cons t Not containing x terms
y e
dx dy c
x x
| |
+ =
|
|
\ .
} }
3
2
1/
2
1
2 3
x
y
e c
x
+ =
(Ans)
(c) Solve
4 2
y px x p + = .
Ans:
4 2
y px x p + =
Differentiate with respect to x we get
3 2 4
4 2
dy dp dp
p x x p px
dx dx dx
+ + = +
3 2 4
2 4 2
dp dp
p x x p px
dx dx
+ = +
4 3 2
2 4 2 0
dp dp
px x p p x
dx dx
+ =
3
2 2 2 0
dp dp
px x p x p
dx dx
| | | |
+ + =
| |
\ . \ .
( )
3
2 2 1 0
dp
x p px
dx
| |
+ =
|
\ .
2 0
dp
x p
dx
+ =
2 dp
dx
p x
=
2 dp
dx
p x
=
} }
ln 2ln ln p x c = +
2
c
p
x
=
Now, putting the value of p in
4 2
y px x p + = we get
2
c
y c
x
+ =
2
xy x c x + =
(Ans)
(d) The equation of electromotive force in terms of current i for an electrical circuit
having resistance R and condenser capacity c, in series is
i
E Ri dt
c
= +
}
. Find
the current i at any time t, when
0
sin E E wt = .
Ans
:
i
E Ri dt
C
= +
}
UNIT V (I semester)
Depar t ment of Mat hemat i cs, DI MAT Page 28
0
sin
i
Ri dt E wt
C
+ =
}
By Differentiating with respect to t we get
0
cos
di i
R E w wt
dt C
+ =
0
cos E w wt di i
dt RC R
+ =
--------------(1)
Which is first order linear differential equation.
Its I.F. =
1 t
dt
RC RC
e e
}
=
Solution of (1) is
0
cos
t t
RC RC
E w
Ie e wtdt
R
=
}
0
2
2 2
1
cos sin
1
t
t
RC
RC
E w e
Ie wt w wt c
R RC
w
R C
| |
= + +
|
\ .
+
2
0
2 2 2
1
cos sin
1
t t
RC RC
E wC R
Ie e wt w wt c
R C w RC
| |
= + +
|
+
\ .
( )
0
2 2 2
cos sin
1
t
RC
E wC
I wt wRC wt ce
R C w
= + +
+
(Ans)
SOLUTION (Apr-May-2011)
a) Write the necessary and sufficient condition for a differential equation
0 Mdx Ndy + = to be exact.
Ans: Necessary condition for a differential equation 0 Mdx Ndy + = to be exact is
M N
y x
c c
=
c c
.
b) Solve the differential equation : (1 ) (1 ) 0 y xy dx x xy dy + + = .
Ans:
(1 ) (1 ) 0 y xy dx x xy dy + + =
------------- (1)
Which is of the form
1 2
( ). ( ). 0 f xy ydx f xy xdy + =
Then its
2 2
1 2
1 1 1
. .
. ( ). . ( ). (1 ) (1 ) 2
I F
x f xy y y f xy x xy xy xy xy x y
= = =
+
Now multiplying I.F. both side of equation (1) we get
2 2
1 1 1 1
0
2 2 2 2
dx dy
x y x xy y
| | | |
+ + =
| |
\ . \ .
----------- (2)
Which is of the form
0 Mdx Ndy + =
UNIT V (I semester)
Depar t ment of Mat hemat i cs, DI MAT Page 29
Where
2 2
1 1 1 1
,
2 2 2 2
M N
x y x xy y
| | | |
= + =
| |
\ . \ .
2 2 2 2
1 1
,
2 2
M N
y x y x x y
c c
= =
c c
M N
y x
c c
=
c c
. So equation (2) is an exact differential equation.
So, its solution is given by c Ndy Mdx
terms x containing Not t cons y
= +
} }
tan
2
tan
1 1 1
2 2 2
y cons t Not containing x terms
dx dy c
x y x y
| |
+ + =
|
\ .
} }
1 1 1
ln ln
2 2 2
x y c
xy
+ =
ln ln 1 2 xy x xy y cxy =
(Ans)
c) Solve:
2
tan
1
p
p x
p
| |
=
|
+
\ .
.
Ans
2
tan
1
p
p x
p
| |
=
|
+
\ .
1
2
tan
1
p
x p
p
=
+
1
2
tan
1
p
x p
p
= +
+
--------------(1)
Differentiating with respect to y we get
( )
2 2
2 2
2
1 1 2
1
1
dx dp p p dp
dy p dy dy
p
+
= +
+
+
( )
2 2
2
2
1 1 1
1
p p dp
p dy
p
| |
+ +
|
=
|
+
\ .
( )
2
2
1 2
1
dp
p dy
p
=
+
( )
2
2
2
1
pdp
dy
p
=
+
( )
2
2
2
1
pdp
dy
p
=
+
} }
( )
2
1
1
y c
p
= +
+
( )
2
1
1
c y
p
=
+ 1
1 p
c y
=
------------------(2)
UNIT V (I semester)
Depar t ment of Mat hemat i cs, DI MAT Page 30
Equation (1) and (2) are the solution.
d) A pipe 20 cm in diameter contains steam at
0
180 C and is covered with a material
6 cm thick for which K = 0.0025. If the temperature of the outer surface of the
covering is
0
30 C , find the temperature half way through the covering under
steady state condition.
Ans:
.2 .
dT
Q K x
dx
=
2
Q dx
dT
K x
=
} }
ln
2
Q
T x c
K
= +
At
180, 10 T x = =
180 ln10
2
Q
c
K
= + ---------------(1)
Again at
30, 16 T x = =
30 ln16
2
Q
c
K
= + ---------------(2)
By subtracting (2) from (1) we get
150 ln1.6
2
Q
K
= --------------(3)
ln13
2
Q
T c
K
= + ---------(4)
Subtracting (1) from (4) we get
180 ln1.3
2
Q
T
K
= --------(5)
Dividing (5) by (3) we get
180 ln1.3
150 ln1.6
T
=
ln1.3
ln1.
150 80
6
1 T = + = (Ans)
UNIT V (I semester)
Depar t ment of Mat hemat i cs, DI MAT Page 31
SOLUTION (Nov-Dec-2011)
1. Find the integrating facto of the differential equation
0 ) ( ) 2 (
2 2 2 2
= + + dy y x xy x dx y x xy y
.
Ans:- Rewriting the equation as
xy( yJx + xJy) + x
2
y
2
( 2yJx xJy) = 0 and comparing with
x
u
y
b
( myJx + nxJy) + x
u
|
y
b
|
( m
i
yJx + n
i
xJy) = 0
We have a=b=1, o
i
= b
i
= 2 m
i
= n
i
= 1
I.F=x
h
y
k
.
Where
u+h+1
m
=
b+k+1
n
,
u
|
+h+1
m
|
=
b
|
+k+1
n
|
1 + k + 1
1
=
1 + + 1
1
,
1 + + 1
2
=
2 + k + 1
1
k = 0, + 2k + 9 = 0
Solving these ,we get h=k=-3
I.F=
1
x
3
3
,it becomes
_
1
x
2
y
+
2
x
]Jx + _
1
xy
2
1
y
] Jx = 0
which is an exact differential equation.
Therefore the solution is HJx +
( tcrms o N not contoiningx) Jy = c
1
y
_
1
x
] + 2logx logy = c
2logx logy 1 xy = c
2. Solve the differential equation:
3
2 1/ 2
( ) 0
x
xy e dx x ydy = .
Here M= xy
2
c
1 x
3
, N = x
2
y
M
j
-
N
x
N
=
2x-( -2x
-x
2
=
4
x
which is a function of x only .
I.F = c
-
4
x
Jx = c
-4Iogx
=x
-4
Multiplying throughout the given differential equation byx
-4
UNIT V (I semester)
Depar t ment of Mat hemat i cs, DI MAT Page 32
_
y
2
x
3
1
x
4
c
1 x
3
_Jx
y
x
2
Jy = 0
For the differential equation (1) ,we have
M=[
2
x
3
1
x
4
c
1 x
3
N=
x
2
Now
M
=
x
3
=
N
x
.
Hence the differential equation (1) is exact .
Now HJx =
constunt
[
2
x
3
1
x
4
c
1 x
3
constunt
Jx
=
2x
2
+
1
3
c
x
-3
( 3x
-4
) Jx
=
2x
2
+
1
3
c
x
-3
_ NJy = _
y
x
2
Jy =
x-constunt x-constunt
y
2x
2
Since no new term is obtained by integrating N w.r.t y , hence the required solution is
1
3
c
x
-3
1
2
2
x
2
=c
3. Solve
4 2
y px x p + =
Ans:-The given equation is
y = px + x
4
p
2
.(1)
Which is clearly solvable for y .Hence differentiating (1) w.r.t to x we get
p = p x
Jp
Jx
+ 4x
3
p
2
+ 2x
4
p
Jp
Jx
2p( 1 2x
3
p) + x.
dp
dx
( 1 2x
3
p) = 0
(2p + x
dp
dx
) ( 1 2x
3
p) = 0
UNIT V (I semester)
Depar t ment of Mat hemat i cs, DI MAT Page 33
Neglecting the second factor which does not contain the derivatives of p, we have
(2p + x
dp
dx
) = 0
Jp
Jx
+ 2
Jx
x
= 0
Integrating, we get logp + 2logx = logc
logpx
2
= logc
px
2
= logc
p =
c
x
2
Substituting this value of p in eq(1) ,we get
y =
c
x
2
. x + x
4
. [
c
2
x
4
y =
c
x
. + c
2
4. The equation of electromotive force in terms of current i for an electrical circuit
having resistance R and condenser capacity c, in series is
i
E Ri dt
c
= +
}
. Find the
current i at any time t, when
0
sin E E wt = .
Ans:-Given equation can be written as R
c
Jt = E
0
sint.
Differentiating both the sides w.r.t t ,we have R
d
dt
+
c
= E
0
cost
.
Ji
RJt
+
i
c
= E
0
cost R ( 1)
Which is a Leibnitzs linear equation .
I.F=c
1 RCdt
= c
t RC
Therefore the solution of the equation (1) is
i. c
t RC
= _E
0
costt R . c
t RC
Jt =
E
0
R
_c
t RC
cos tJt
E
0
R
.
c
t RC
_
[
1
RC
2
+
2
cos _t ton
-1
1
RC
_ + K
=
oCL
0
1+R
2
C
2
o
2
c
t RC
cos( t ) + k
UNIT V (I semester)
Depar t ment of Mat hemat i cs, DI MAT Page 34
= i=
oCL
0
1+R
2
C
2
o
2
cos( t ) + kc
t RC
which gives the current at any time t.
SOLUTION (Apr-May-2012)
(a) Write down exact differential
.
Ans A differential equation is called an exact differential ,if it can be derived
from its primitive directly by differentiation without any subsequent operation of
elimination or reduction
Ju =
0
x
Jx +
0
dy= H( x, y) Jx + N( x, y) Jy
(b) Solve the differential equation : (1 ) (1 ) 0 y xy dx x xy dy + + = .
Ans:
(1 ) (1 ) 0 y xy dx x xy dy + + =
-------------(1)
Which is of the form
1 2
( ). ( ). 0 f xy ydx f xy xdy + =
Then its
2 2
1 2
1 1 1
. .
. ( ). . ( ). (1 ) (1 ) 2
I F
x f xy y y f xy x xy xy xy xy x y
= = =
+
Now multiplying I.F. both side of equation (1) we get
2 2
1 1 1 1
0
2 2 2 2
dx dy
x y x xy y
| | | |
+ + =
| |
\ . \ .
-----------(2)
Which is of the form
0 Mdx Ndy + =
Where
2 2
1 1 1 1
,
2 2 2 2
M N
x y x xy y
| | | |
= + =
| |
\ . \ .
2 2 2 2
1 1
,
2 2
M N
y x y x x y
c c
= =
c c
M N
y x
c c
=
c c
. So equation (2) is an exact differential equation.
So, its solution is given by c Ndy Mdx
terms x containing Not t cons y
= +
} }
tan
2
tan
1 1 1
2 2 2
y cons t Not containing x terms
dx dy c
x y x y
| |
+ + =
|
\ .
} }
1 1 1
ln ln
2 2 2
x y c
xy
+ =
ln ln 1 2 xy x xy y cxy =
(Ans)
UNIT V (I semester)
Depar t ment of Mat hemat i cs, DI MAT Page 35
(c) Solve the differential equation:
2 3
2 y px y p = + .
Ans
Solving the given equation for x, we obtain
2 2
2 2
y y p
x
p
=
Differentiating (1) w.r.t y ,we obtain
2 2
2
2
2
2 2
1
2 2
1 1 1
2 2
(1 2 ) (1 2 )
dx y dp dp
yp y p
dy p x dy dy
dp
yp y py
p p p dy
dp
yp p y yp
dy
=
| |
+ = +
|
\ .
+ = +
( )
3
1 2 0
dp
p y yp
dy
| |
+ + =
|
\ .
Neglecting the second factor, we obtain
0
dp
p y
dy
+ =
Separating the variables ,we get
0
dp dy
y y
+ =
Integration gives,
0
dp dy
y y
+ =
log log log p y c
py c
c
p
y
= =
=
=
Substituting this value of p in the equation (1) ,we have
2 2
2 3
2 2
2
y c
x
c
y cx c
| | | |
=
| |
\ . \ .
= +
s
(d) Solve the differential equation
0
sin
di
L Ri E wt
dt
+ = where L, R , and
0
E are constants
and discuss the case when t increases indefinitely.
Ans: For LR circuit
Voltage drops across R = Ri .
UNIT V (I semester)
Depar t ment of Mat hemat i cs, DI MAT Page 36
Voltage drops across L =
di
L
dt
.
Given electromotive force = wt Esin
So, by Kirchhoffs Law, sum of voltage drops across R and L = Electromotive
force.
So, wt E Ri
dt
di
L sin = + (Proved).-------------- (1)
wt
L
E
i
L
R
dt
di
sin = + , Which is first order linear differential equation.
So, its
t
L
R
dt
L
R
e e F I =
}
= . .
So, solution is
dt t w e
L
E
i e
t
L
R
t
L
R
. sin
}
=
C wt w wt
L
R
w
L
R
e
L
E
i e
t
L
R
t
L
R
+ |
.
|
\
|
+ |
.
|
\
|
= cos sin
2
2
( ) C wt Lw wt R
w L R
Ee
i e
t
L
R
t
L
R
+
+
= cos sin
2 2 2
( )
t
L
R
Ce wt Lw wt R
w L R
E
i
+
+
= cos sin
2 2 2
Given that at
0 0 = = i t
.
2 2 2 2 2 2
0
w L R
ELw
C C
w L R
ELw
+
= +
+
=
So, solution ( )
t
L
R
e
w L R
ELw
wt Lw wt R
w L R
E
i
+
+
+
=
2 2 2 2 2 2
cos sin (Ans).