Class Class is the 1st OOPs concept .

Class defines the characteristics of objects which includes its attributes , fields properties and behavior . Let us say we have a class called car , then the color , model number , top speed can be its attributes and properties . Accelerating , breaking , turning will be its behavior . Objects Objects can be considered as a thing that performs a set of related functions .Programming objects are used to model real worlds objects. An object is also an instant of a class . For our class Car , Ferrari will be our object Instance One can have an instance of a class; the instance is the actual object created at runtime. The set of values of the attributes of a particular object is called its state. The object consists of state and the behaviour thats defined in the objects class.

Method Also called as functions in some programming languages , methods defines the behavior of particular objects . For our Car class , turning() , breaking () will be our methods . Inheritance In the real world there are many objects that can be specialized. In OOP, a parent class can inherit its behavior and state to children classes. This concept was developed to manage generalization and specialization in OOP .Lets say we have a class called Car and Racing Car . Then the attributes like engine no. , color of the Class car can be inherited by the class Racing Car . The class Car will be Parent class , and the class Racing Car will be the derived class or child class The following OO terms are commonly used names given to parent and child classes in OOP: Superclass: Parent class. Subclass: Child class. Base class: Parent class.

Derived class: Child class Abstraction Abstraction is simplifying complex reality by modeling classes appropriate to the problem . In other words it means representing only the important details without including all the details . For example the car Ferrari can be treated as simple car only .

Encapsulation The wrapping up of data and functions into a single unit is called as encapsulation . For example the class car has a method turn () .The code for the turn() defines how the turn will occur . So we dont need to define how Mercedes will turn and how the Ferrari will turn separately . turn() can be encapsulated with both.

Polymorphism Its an important OOPs concept , Polymorphism means taking more than one forms .Polymorphism allows the programmer to treat derived class members just like their parent classs members. More precisely, Polymorphism in objectoriented programming is the ability of objects belonging to different data types to respond to calls of methods of the same name .If a Dog is commanded to speak(), this may elicit a bark(). However, if a Pig is commanded to speak(), this may elicit an oink(). Each subclass overrides the speak() method inherited from the parent class Animal.