اولى ث 2011

Unit 1 Famous Egyptians 1stYear Sec
Space projects
From 1967 to 1973, Dr El-Baz
worked on the American Apollo
space project, which landed
men on the moon. He gave
advice on where the astronauts
should land, and told them how
to collect rocks and soil on the
moon.
Dr El-Baz was born in Zagazig
in 1938 and was educated at
Ain shams university.
Thank you Dr Farouk El-Baz
It only rains every 2050 years in the western Desert.
However, two million years ago, very heavy rain fell
there and a huge quantity of water collected under the
desert sand. Today we need this water and the person
we have to thank for finding it is one of Egypt's most
famous men Dr Farouk El-Baz
Remote sensing
Dr El Baz, who is a space scientist and a geologist, is
the Director of Remote Sensing at Boston University in
the USA. He is the world's greatest expert in remote
sensing: the use of satellites to find water under
deserts. Underground water was found in the western
Desert and in Sinai thanks to photographs which he
took from satellites.
Nabawiya Musa : ( earl y 20
th
century femi ni st / educati onal i st )
Dr Zahi Hawass : ( archaeol ogi st )
1 - TAPESCRIPT
Soha : Let's do this quiz about famous people, shall we?
Leila : Good idea .
Soha : Ok, Leila, the first person is Nabawya Musa ,Why was she famous?
Leila : Because she was the first Egyptian woman to go to high school .
Soha: That's right. And, what did she do when she was older
Leila :She helped other women to succeed in education and work Did she write books?
Soha: Yes, she wrote a very famous book in 1908. It was about girls Education. she also
became the headmistress of Al- Mohammadia School for Girls.
Leila : So she was a really important person .
Soha : yes, she was. Now another question this one is about a famous man . He's called
DrZahi Hawass. Do you what he's famous for ?
Leila : Is he an archaeologist ?
Soha : yes he is . He's one of the most famous archaeologists in the world .
Leila : I've seen him talking about the Pyramids on television
Soha : Yes, he often speaks. On radio and television And he sometimes writes in the
magazine Egypt today
Leila : Really ?
Soha :Yes, And do you know what he's interested in at the moment ?
Leila : No, I don't .
Soha : Well. He wants to bring ancient things back to Egypt from museums in other countries
Leila : What kind of things .
Soha : All kinds of things, like statues and jewellery . And of course, the Rosetta stone
Egyptian people don't see these things if they are in other countries.
1
Nabawiya Musa is famous because she was the first Egyptian woman
to go to high school. When she became older she helped other women to
succeed in education and work. In 1908, she wrote a book about girls
education. Later she became the headmistress of Al-Mohammadia school
for girls.
Dr Zahi Hawass is one of the most famous archaeologists in the
world. He often speaks on radio and television. He sometimes writes
in a magazine called Egypt Today. He wants to bring ancient things
back to Egypt from museums outside Egypt. Egyptian people don't see
these things if they are in other countries. Dr Hawass would like the
Rosetta Stone to be in Egypt.
Ramy Ashour wins in Canada
Dr. Ahmed Zewail
Ahmed Zewail was born in 1946 in Egypt where he grew up. He went to Alexandria
University. He finished his studies in the United States In 1974.After this, Dr Zewail worked at the
University of California. In 1976 he became a professor at the California Institute of Technology.
In 1997,at the age of 52,DrZewail won the Benjamin Franklin Prize because he discovered the
femto second, which is one millionth of one billionth of a second. Many scientists, students and
important people came to the ceremony and saw Dr Zewail receive his prize. Two years later, Dr
Zewail got the Nobel Prize for Chemistry. Dr Zewail now lives in California and has four children.
His wife, Dema Zewail, is a doctor. He now helps scientists to make new medicines.
Neil Armstrong
Neil Armstrong was the first man to walk on the moon. In 1969 he
landed on the moon. Neil Armstrong went to the moon with Buzz Aldrin.
They stayed on the moon for nearly 90 minutes the first day .The next day
they collected rocks and soils ,took a lot of photographs and sent back more
television pictures to the earth.
Vocabul ary
lessons 1 &2
Do a quiz The past
Talk about The pharaoh
Famous Study
High school The pyramids
2
In January 2007, Egypt's internationally famous squash player, Ramy Ashour,
won an important championship in Canada. But what do we know about this young
man?
Ramy was born in Cairo in September, 1987. At the age of 16, he became the
youngest player to win the Men's World Junior Squash Championship. In 2006, he
won the championship again. In the Hong Kong 2006 Championship, he was
second. He lost to another Egyptian player, Amr Shabana. Ramy's older brother,
Hisham Ashour, is also an expert squash player.
On television Forget
Education Guess
Egypt today Remember
Interested in Grow up
At the moment
University
Head mistress Studies
Really Metal
Important Discover
Archeologist The femto-
second

At the moment
One millionth
Ancient One billionth
Bring back Second
Museum Professor
Nuclear Institute
Scientist Technology
Nobel laureate

Ceremony
20
th
century Later
Jewellery Leader
The Rosetta
stone
Wear
Feminist Neck
Historical Building
The Nobel prize Tools
lessons 3,4 &5
rain how often
business railways
photography international
space project squash player
land champion
astronaut lose to
geologist include
heavy rain surprised
remote sensing
give back
huge quantity pan-Arab games
director professional
collect footballer
rocks beautiful
sail activity
educate pro-democracy
3
go into civil rights

space clever
use calm
satellite enjoyable
find water friendly
walk on funny
the moon great
first aid
helpful
legendary former
Indian president
independence singer
movement ordinary
Idi oms & Expressi ons
do a quiz expert in (on / at)
famous for thanks to
succeed in take photographs / pictures
talk about work on a project
on television land on the moon
speak on the radio give advice on
interested in lose to someone
bring back / go into space
walk on the moon on holiday
was born in good at
grow up give up / /
at the age of important for
make medicines note down /
the Nobel Prize for chemistry

give back to
thank for have the chance to
all over the world think of
Let s + .. :
Why don t we/you + ?..
How about + v. + i ng ?

- Let s go out for a meal tonight. (Why / How)
Why don t we go out for a meal tonight?
How about goi ng out for a meal tonight?

l et + + / :
al l ow + +to + :
4
- Father l et me use his mobile phone. (allowed)
Father al l owed me to use his mobile phone.
the fi rst . + to + :
- No one came to the party before Tom. (Tom was..)
Tom was the fi rst person to come to the party.
hel p + + (to) + :
- The loan from the bank hel ped her to start her own business.
What' s hi s job: What does he do?
- What's your father's job? (What does.)
What does your father do?
di scover: ) )
- Christopher Columbus di scovered America.
i nvent: ) )
- Alexander G. Bell i nvented the telephone in 1876.
wi n: (a medal / a cup / a race / a competition / a match / a game / a prize)
) / )
- Who will wi n the next world cup?

beat: ) / )
- Simon always beats me at tennis.
- Ahly beat Zamalik 3-0.
* other + ( )
* another + ( ) ( )
Exs:
- I will buy other countries.
- I will read another story.
- I will buy another two books.
* Biography :
* Autobiography :
Exs:
- Anwar El Sadat wrote his autobiography.
- The journalist wrote the biography of this famous woman.
Nouns after verbs
Give Advice- lecture -present -medicine -lesson -speech
Take notes -part place- medicine test- exam- exercises
Play Game- the piano part- role computer- games- football
win Prize- race- cup medal- championship- points
Scor
e
goal points record
5
Do work quiz exercise shopping
Make mistake discovery journey trip bed
Questions & Answers
1) Nabawi ya Musa
1- Why i s Nabawi ya Musa famous?
- Because she was the first Egyptian woman to go to high school.
2- What di d Nabawi ya Musa do when she became ol der?
- She helped other women to succeed in education and work.
3- What di d Nabawi ya Musa wri te i n 1808?
- She wrote a very famous book about girls' education.
4- Nabawi ya Musa pl ayed an i mportant part i n educati on. Do you agree or
di sagree?
- Yes, I agree because she helped other women to succeed in education and work.
5- What do you know about Nabawi ya Musa?
- She was the first Egyptian woman to go to high school. She helped other women to
succeed in education and work. She wrote a very famous book about girls'
education. She became the headmistress of Al-Mohammadia School for girls.
2) Dr Zahi Hawass
1- What i s Dr Zahi Hawass famous for?
- He is famous for being one of the most famous archaeologists in the world.
2- What thi ngs does he want to bri ng back to Egypt?
- He wants to bring ancient things back to Egypt from museums outside Egypt.
3- Whi ch magazi ne does Dr Zahi Hawass wri te for?
- He writes in a magazine called Egypt Today.
3) Dr Farouk El -Baz
1- How often does i t rai n i n the Western Desert?
- It only rains every 20-50 years in the Western Desert.
2- When di d heavy rai n fal l i n the Western Desert?
- Two million years ago.
3- Who found the underground water i n the Western Desert?
- Dr Farouk El-Baz.
4- What di d Dr El -Baz use to fi nd underground water?
- He used satellites to find underground water.
5- What do you know about Dr Farouk El -Baz?
- He is a space scientist and a geologist. He is the world's greatest expert in remote
sensing: the use of satellites to find water under deserts.
6- What i s remote sensi ng?
- It's the use of satellites to find underground water in the desert.
7- Do you thi nk we shoul d be grateful to Dr Farouk El -Baz? Gi ve a
reason for your answer.
6
- Yes, because he discovered underground water in the Western Desert using remote
sensing. He made Egyptians proud.
8- Why i s remote sensi ng so i mportant i n Egypt and other countri es
today?
- Because it is used in different fields in our life such as finding underground water
and minerals.
9- Where does Dr El -Baz work?
- At Boston University in the USA.
10- What' s Dr El -Baz' s job?
- He is the Director of Remote Sensing at Boston University in the USA.
11- Where di d Dr Farouk El -Baz work from 1967 to 1973?
- From 1967 to 1973, he worked on the American Apollo space project, which landed
men on the moon.
12- What advi ce di d Dr El -Baz gi ve to astronauts?
- He gave them advice on where they should land, and told them how to collect rocks
and soil on the moon.
13- Where and when was Dr El -Baz born?
- He was born in Zagazig in 1938.
14- Whi ch uni versi ty di d Dr El -Baz study?
- At Ain Shams University.
15- Can sci enti sts l i ke Dr El -Baz change our l i ves now and i n the
future? How?
- Yes, they can. They usually discover or invent new things that make our life happier
and more comfortable.
4) Ramy Ashour wi ns i n Canada
1- When di d Ramy Ashour become Egypt' s i nternati onal l y famous squash
pl ayer? Why?
- Ramy Ashour became Egypt's internationally famous squash player in 2007 because
he won an important championship in Canada.
2- What do you know about Ramy Ashour?
- He plays squash. He has won many international championships.
3- Where and when was Ramy born?
- He was born in Cairo in September, 1987.
4- What di d Ramy Ashour wi n at the age of 16?
- At the age of 16, he won the Men's World Junior Squash Championship.
5- How di d Ramy Ashour become famous at the age of 16?
- He became the youngest player to win the Men's World Junior Squash Championship.
6- Do you thi nk Ramy Ashour fel t surpri sed when he won the Juni or
Squash Champi onshi p? Why? Why not?
- I think so because he was the youngest player to win the Men's World Junior Squash
Championship.
7- What qual i ti es make sports stars l i ke Ramy Ashour successful ?
-They are hard work, good practice and ambition.
Communi cati on
'
beautiful / brave / calm / careful / cheerful /
7
clever / different / enjoyable / exciting / fit
friendly / funny / great / hard-working / / helpful
interesting / ordinary / polite / popular /
strong / successful
Greeti ngs
How do you do? - How do you do?
Pl eased to meet you. - Pleased to meet you, too.
Ni ce to see you. - Nice to see you, too.
Where have you been? - I have been to. .
Fancy seei ng you here! - What a surprise!
How ni ce to see you agai n! - How nice to see you too!
How are you? - Fine, thanks, and you?
- Not too well, Im afraid.
Happy New Year.
Happy birthday to you.
Wel come to Egypt. - Thank you.
Introduci ng peopl e
This is .
Id like you to meet.
May I introduce you to.
Let me introduce you to.
Response:
How do you do?
Pleased to meet you.
Introduci ng yoursel f
May I introduce myself?
My name is.
Seeki ng i nformati on
Where are you going?
- Im going to..
Exercises
Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d:
1- Naguib Mahfouz is one of the most.......... Arab writers.
a) young b) famous c) junior d) remote
2- The government gives great care to girls' .................
a) education b) songs c) fashion d) jewellery
3- What are you going to ........... a quiz on?
a) make b)take c)do d)play
8
4- A person who studies buildings and tools from the past is a/an
a) engineer b) mechanic c) professor d) archaeologist
5- The police managed to bring all the stolen things .............. .
a) front b)back c)side d)over
6-............. is made of gold, diamonds and other expensive metals.
a) Furniture b) Jewellery c) Machinery d) Clothing
7- Archaeologists visit Egypt to study the Pyramids and other ......... buildings.
a) new b) modern c) ancient d)low
8- The ......... of my daughter's school is a very clever woman.
a) singer b) actress c) headmistress d) professor
9- There are wonderful............ at the Temple of Karnak.
a) statues b) houses c) schools d) classes
10-He ............. about his father with great respect and pride.
a) listens b) talks c) knows d)says
11-Dr Zewail.......... the femtosecond.
a) invented b) invited c) discovered d)made
12-The femtosecond is .......... of one billionth of a second.
a) a million b) one million c) one millionth d) millions
13- I enjoy watching European football matches ......... TV.
a) in b)on c)at d)by
14 -Adel Imam is famous .......... his great comedies.
a) for b)by c)to d)on
15-Dr Zahi Hawass writes ............ a magazine called "Egypt Today".
a) in b)at c)on d)by
16 -Have you ............ about the new invention?
a)smelled b)seen c) heard d)felt
17-He is an expert in ............ photographs.
a) doing b) taking c) making d) drawing
18- A major job is a very ------------- job
Short b) small c) important d) bad
19-Dr El-Baz ................. astronauts advice on where they should land on the moon.
a) took b)gave c)did d)had
20- ........... his help, I got high marks.
a) Because b)As c) Thanks to d) Although
21-He travelled abroad for the first time at the ....... of 20.
a) height b) weight c)age d) length
22- Dr Zewail became a/an ........ at the University of California.
a) stronaut b) professor c) student d) archaeologist
23- I was ... at Ain Shams University.
a) born b) educated c) studied d) called
24- My father has.me a lot. I do just like him.
a) talked b) spoken c) influenced d) completed
25- When the spaceship on the moon, the .......... came out to collect rocks and soil.
a) travelers p) passengers c) astronauts d) geologists
26-Huge ........ of water are found under the sand of the Western Desert.
a) numbers b) liters c) quantities d) bottles
27-A great............ was held to celebrate his success.
a) quiz b) project c) museum d) ceremony
28-Remote sensing is the use of.......... to take pictures of the earth.
a) magazines b) satellites c) stones d) televisions
29-Dr El-Baz worked on many ........... projects.
9
a) air b) atmosphere c) space d) soil
30-Ramy Ashour is a famous ......... player.
a) tennis b) football c) squash d) volleyball
31-Children take part in ............... championships.
a) major b) junior c) senior d) Olympic
32- ............ my advice and you'll get a high score.
a) Do b) Take d) Make d) Listen
33-The Nile plays a .......... part in the lives of the Egyptians.
a) small b) minor c). major d) tiny
34-Countries that have no rivers depend on .......... water for farming.
a) underneath b) underground c) low d) hidden
35-Can you ......... photographs with this modern camera?
a) give b) take c) make d) paint
36-Mido ........... a decisive goal in the last minute of the game.
a) kicked b) scored c) won d) got
37-Egypt............... the Cup of African Nations in 2008.
a) scored b) won c) gave d) bought
38-Dr El-Baz is an expert in ........... sensing.
a) far b) distant c) long d) remote
39-Footballers are now ............ not amateurs. Football is their job.
a) professionals b) craftsmen c) artists d) actors
-
-Grammar

s ) he,
she, it (
= He works in a big firm.
They play tennis everyday
:
+ es ) ss sh ch x o (
= He watches TV. She crosses the road.
+ ies y .
= She studies medicine = he carries his bag.
+ s y .
= He plays the piano. = She obeys her mother.
:
1 -
(Alwaysusuallysome timesofteneverneverhardlyseldom- rarely-Occasionally)

1 - He usually helps his neighbours .
2 - am , is , are. He
is always late .
adverbs of time
every day /week/year - / at night / in the afternoon
10
We watch TV every night. Every night we watch TV.
2 - .
= The moon moves around the earth. = I prefer reading to watching TV.
3 -
When /after/before/as soon as /till/until/the moment
1-When he comes, I will tell him the truth.
2-We will have a meal after the plane takes off. 3- phone me when he arrives.
4 - if /unless :
1-He will give us a ride if we meet him at the party.
2-If she arrives early ,she will attend the lecture.
5 . -
Our plane arrives to London tomorrow.
: C don't ies, es, s .
= I don't work in a hospital.
C doesn't ies, es, s
= He doesn't eat meat.
never hardly - :
+ never \ hardly + s , es , ies
He never comes late = he doesn't come late.
+ never \ hardly + s , es , ies
They don't go to school on Friday = they never go to school on Friday.
:
+ do \ does + ) + ) ?
= Where do you work? = When does he
come?
does . do .
-:
+ am / is / are + PP.
Somebody cleans this room every day. This room is cleaned every day.

+ am , is , are + v + ing
:
1 - .
Now, he is writing a report. At the moment she is ironing the shirts.
2 - .
* We are traveling tomorrow .
* Every thing is arranged. I'm marrying next Thursday .
3 -
Where's Frank? He's having a bath. Take care! A bus is coming.
4 - and am/is /are
He is teaching English and learning French.
:
Now, look, listen, at present, at the moment, be careful, and look out .
11
:
He is repairing the car. He isn't repairing the car.
+ am,is,are + not +v+ing.
:
Is , Are + + v + ing --------------?
Are you buying a new shirt ? Yes , I'm buying a new
shirt
5- :
See hear smell notice
Realize-know understand suppose mean forget
remember trust

Want desire wish hate like love dislike care
Own possess belong have
:
+ am , is , are + being + p.p .
Many cities are being built in the desert .

ed

= Dr Zewail discovered the femto second in 1997.
:
1 -
= I met Ahmed yesterday.
2 - ( )
= When I was young, we lived in Cairo. = When I was in Paris, I used to play tennis.
4 - :
Yesterday ago in the past in the ancient times in + - last (week---)
5 - if only I wish .
= I wish I saw Ahmed now. = I wish I were a millionaire.
6 -
After , when , as soon as , until
7 - used to .
= When I was a child, I used to play in the street.
: didn't He didn't succeed in the
exam
:
+ did + + ? = How did you come to the club?
:
+ was \ were + p . p.+ by + The car was repaired by the
mechanic.
Grammar
12
Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d
- I -------------------my dinner at eight o' clock everyday.
a- eats b- ate c - eat d- eaten
2- My brother------------------the newspaper every morning.
a- reads b- read c has read d-is reading
3- The camera -------------------to take photographs.
a- is using b- is used c - uses d-used
4- The earth --------------------round the sun.
a- moved b- is moving c is moved d- moves
5- Mr. Salim -------------------comes late.
a- don't b- doesn't c - never d- didn't
6- What time -------------------you usually go to work?
a- do b- does c - will d- are
7- I'll phone you as soon as I -------------------------my work.
a- will finish b- has finished c - finished d- finish
8- English ----------------------all over the world.
a- speaks b- spoken c is spoken d- will speak
9- I --------------------------my aunt a week ago.
a- visited b- visit c - visiting d- would visit
10- We -----------------an interesting film last night.
a- watch b-watched c -have watched d- would watch
11- When I was on holiday, I --------------------tennis everyday.
a- play b- would play c - played d- have played
12- They -----------attend the conference last month.
a- won't b- didn't c wasn't d- don't
13- They came to my birthday party and ---------------nice presents.
a- gives b- were giving c have given d- gave
14- He ---------------------very quickly so we didn't understand.
a- has spoken b- speaks c spoke d- would speak
15- When ---------------you go to bed last night?
a- did b-will c do d- was
16- He came to my house and ------------------some tea with me.
a- have b- has c - had d- had had
17- During the holiday, tamer ----------------football every day.
a- played b- plays c were playing d- has played
18- This house -------------------- two years ago.
a-built b- builds c has built d- was built
19- When I was young, I ---------- eat a lot of chocolates.
a- use to b- used to c- am used to d- using to
20- A criminal ------- the guard of the bank last night.
a- killed b- has killed c- is killing d-kills
21- If only I ---------------------------in china today.
a- am b- was c- were d- be
22- It is time we ------------------- home.
a- go b- have gone c- went d- going
Rewrite the following sentences using the word (s) :-
1-He always comes late. (is)
2- He never conies early. ( doesn't)
3- He is used to taking exercise in the morning. (usually)
4- When did you finish your homework? (How long)
13
5- He started playing football at 4 o'clock. Now it is 6. (ago)
6- When I was young, I swam in the sea. (used)
7- I always go to bed late. (never)
8- It is my habit to get up early . (usually)
9- I have a friend who was in the habit of smoking but he doesn't smoke now. (used)
10-How long ago did you start playing squash? (When)
11-Taking exercise is part of my daily routine. (take)
12-My mother cleaned all the rooms. (were)
13-Do you like watching football? (interested in)
Read the text below, then write the word which best fits each space:
- Nabawiya Musa was the first famous Egyptian woman to go to high school. She helped
other women to succeed in ....(1)... and work. She became the ...(2)... of a girls' school.
- Dr. Zahi Hawass is also famous as an ....(3).... He talks about the ....(4)..... on television. He
is interested in bringing ...(5)... things back to Egypt. He wants to bring kinds of things like
statues, ....(6).... and the Rosetta Stone.
- Dr El-Baz is the world's greatest expert in remote sensing. He used remote ....(1)..... to find
water under deserts. .....(2)..... water was found under the Western Desert and Sinai, thanks
to the .......(3)...... which he took from satellites. From 1967 to 1973, he worked on the
American Apollo Space ....(4).... He gave ...(5)...on where the astronauts should land and
told them how to collect ...(6).... and soil on the moon.
Finish the following dialogue:
21 Salma and Fatma are talking about Naguib Mahfouz.
Salma : What are you reading?
Fatma : It's a very nice novel.
Salma : Really? ..........(1)...........?
Fatma : Naguib Mahfouz.
Salma : ..............(2)............?
Fatma : Yes, he wrote many other novels.
Salma : It sounds he's a great writer.
Fatma : Of course. ..............(3)............... .
Salma : Nobel Prize! ..............(4).....................?
Fatma : OK. When I have finished it, I'll lend it to you.
Write what you would say in each of the following situations:
1- You express your admiration of your favourite singer.
2- You describe a famous scientist to your friend.
3- You tell a friend your opinion of Nelson Mandella.
4- You express how you were influenced by the writer of a book you've read.
A- Translate into Arabic:
1- Armstrong was the first person to walk on the moon and collect rocks and soil.
2- Thanks to the photographs which Dr El Baz took from satellites, we found underground
water in the Western Desert and Sinai.
B- Translate into Arabic:
14

Test 1
A) Language Functi ons
1- Suppl y the mi ssi ng parts i n the fol l owi ng di al ogue:
Ayman: Hello. I'm pleased to meet you. Welcome to Egypt.
John : Me too. Thank you.
Ayman: .?
Johh : I come from England.
Ayman: ..?
John : I live in London.
Ayman: How long will you stay in Egypt?
John : .. .
Ayman: Have a nice stay.
John : . .
2- What woul d you say i n each of the fol l owi ng si tuati ons:
1- You want to know the price of something.
2- You invite your friend to your birthday party.
3- You suggest going to the club.
4- You ask your friend to lend you his new camera.
B) Vocabul ary & Structure
3- Choose the correct answer:
1- An (accountant-electrician-expert-academic) is someone with special skill or
knowledge of a subject.
2- Ramy Ashour (won-earned-gained-beat) an important championship in Canada.
3- Neil Armstrong was the first man (walk-walked-walking-to walk) on the moon.
4- From 1967 to 1973, Dr El-Baz worked (at-out-in-on) the American Apollo space
project.
5- He (played-gave-took-won) me some advice about the best study plan.
6- He gave up his job and became a (sports-professional-profession-professor)
footballer.
7- Amal (watch-is watching-was watching-watches) television every day.
8- In 1968, Neil Armstrong (walking-walks-walked-walk) on the moon.
9- Ali (scored-won-played-took) a goal in a school football match yesterday.
10- Plants grow very quickly in the rich (rocks-soil-sand-moon).
4- Rewri te usi ng the word(s) i n brackets to gi ve the same meani ng:
1- Mr Smith lived in Egypt from 1997 to 2007. (for)
2- When I was young, I went to the beach every day. (used to)
3- Ramy Ashour lost to Amr Shabana in the Hong Kong Championship. (beat)
4- He goes to school late at all times. (always)
5- Read the text bel ow, then wri te the word whi ch best fi ts each space:
Dr El-Baz is s a space scientist and a geologist. He is
the world's greatest(a).in remote sensing. It is
the use of (b) to find water under deserts. Thanks
to the photographs he (c) underground water was
found in the Western Desert. He gave (d).on where
the astronauts should land. He(e)..born in Zagazig
a)...
b)...
c).
d).
e).
15
in 1938. He was educated (f). Ain Ahams University. f).
C) Readi ng Comprehensi on and set books
6- Read the fol l owi ng passage, then answer the questi ons:
Elizabeth Blackwell was born in England in 1821, and emigrated to New York city when
she was ten years old. One day she decided that she wanted to become a doctor. That was nearly
impossible for a woman in the middle of the nineteenth century. After writing many letters seeking
admission to medical schools, she was finally accepted by a doctor in Philadelphia. So
determined was she that she taught at school and gave music lessons to earn money for her
tuition .
In 1849, after graduation from medical school, she decided to further her education in
Paris. She wanted to be a surgeon, but a serious eye infection forced her to give up the idea.
Upon returning to the United States, she found it difficult to start her own practice because
she was a woman. By 1857 Elizabeth and her sister, also a doctor, along with another female
doctor, managed to open a new hospital, the first for women and children. Besides being the first
female physician and founding her own hospital, she also established the first medical school for
women.
A) Answer the fol l owi ng questi ons:
1-How did Elizabeth Blackwell earn money for her tuition?
2-How old was Elizabeth when she graduated from medical school?
3-Why couldnt Elizabeth Blackwell realize her dream of becoming a surgeon?
4-What are the firsts in the life of Elizabeth Blackwell?
B) Choose the correct answer:
1-Elizabeth Blackwell emigrated to New York City in . .
a) 1821 b) 1831 c)1849 d)1857
2- The main obstacle that almost destroyed Elizabeths chances for becoming a doctor was that
. .
a) she was a woman
b) she wrote too many letters
c) she couldnt graduate from medical school
d) she couldnt establish her hospital.
3- Elizabeth Blackwell went to a medical school in .
a) Paris b) New York c) England d) Philadelphia
7- Answer onl y four (4) of the fol l owi ng questi ons:
1- What do you know about Dr Farouk El-Baz?
2- Why is remote sensing so important in Egypt and other countries today?
3- How did Ramy Ashour become famous at the age of 16?
4- Do you think Ramy Ashour felt surprised when he won the Junior Squash Championship? Why?
Why not?
5- What is Dr Zahi Hawass famous for?
6- Nabawiya Musa played an important part in education. Do you agree or disagree?
E) Wri ti ng
8- Wri te a paragraph of seven sentences about:
"A world champion you will never forget."
F) Transl ati on
9- A) Transl ate i nto Arabi c:
1- Ramy Ashour is a famous Egyptian squash player.
2- Neil Armstrong was the first person to step on the moon.
B) Transl ate i nto Engl i sh:
.
16
Unit 2 Charles Dickens 1stYear Sec

England and its people at the time of Dickens :
In the nineteenth century when Dickens was writing, England was a rich
country, but there were many poor people. At this time, cities like
17
A talk about Charles Dickens :
Have you heard of Charles Dickens? After Shakespeare he is probably
the most famous writer in the English language. He is the best known for
his novels about life in the nineteenth century Britain. Dickens was born
in 1812 into a good family in Portsmouth, in the south of England. When
he was still a young boy, his father went to prison in 1824, because he had
got into debt. Charles went to London to earn money for the family. At age
of twelve he was working for ten hours a day in a London factory. He saw
how hard life was for poor people and many of the ideas for the stories of
his novels and the characters in them came from this time.
After he left the factory. Dickens went to work as an office clerk, but
he did not enjoy this. In 1834 he started work as a newspaper journalist.
While he was working for the newspaper, he was also writing magazine
stories about life in London. Instead of using his real name he called
himself Boz for these stories. In 1836 Dickens married Catherine Hogarth.
He went on to write Oliver Twist in 1838 and Nicholas Nickleby in 1839.
David Copperfield followed in 1850. In 1858 Dickens went to America to
read his novels to people.
A tale of two cities in 1859, and Great Expectations in 1861. In Oliver
Twist Dickens show the dark side of life in the nineteenth century
London. He describes the lives of child workers and life in the workhouse,
where very poor people were sent to live and work. Dickens died in 1870.
When he died, Dickens was 58 years.
London and Manchester grew very quickly. Large numbers of people
came to the cities to look for work because they had lost their jobs in the
country. Men, women and children worked very long hours in factories
to earn enough money to live. There were not enough houses or flats for
everybody, so many families shared rooms in crowded buildings.
Thousands of children, whose parents died, lived in the streets of big
cities. Many people died when they were young because they were ill or
didnt have food.
A summary of Dickenss novel Oliver Twist :
Oliver Twist grew up in a workhouse because his mother had died
when he was born. Life for the young boy was hard there. When he
asked for more food because he was hungry, he was punished. So Oliver
ran away to London where he met a boy called Jack Dawkins who was in
a gang of thieves. Old man, Fagin, had taught the gang how to be
thieves and Oliver went to live with them.
One day Oliver was with the gang when they tried to take
something from a man's pocket. The man, Mr. Brownlow, caught them
but he was kind and stopped the police from arresting Oliver. Instead he
took him back to his house and looked after him. Oliver lived happily
with Mr. Brownlow until one of the gang, Bill Sikes, kidnapped him and
took him back to Fagin.
Oliver had to go with the gang when they broke into country house
which belonged to Mrs. Maylie and her niece Rose. The thieves were
discovered Oliver was shot. When Oliver told Mrs. Maylie and Rose that
he didnt want to be a thief they believed him and invited him to live
with them. One day, at their house. Oliver saw Fagin and another man
called Mr. Monks looking at him through a window.
Finally the police arrested all of the gang. Oliver discovered that
Monks was his half brother, He wanted Oliver to be in trouble because
he would get their father's money. In the end, Mr. Brownlow adopted
Oliver and they went to live with Mrs. Maylie and Rose. Oliver found out
that Rose was mother's sister.
---------------------------------------------------------------
New Vocabulary
Listening
18
nationality hear of
British known for
short story bring into
events be in debt
reports at the age of
probably earn
hard life work for
detective fiction work as
science fiction grow
thriller quickly
criminal numbers
instead of share
real names
at the same time

call take place
office clerk describe
journalist past action
dark side crowded

describe get on board
child worker felucca
borrow boat
work house nearly
interview captain
main crew
fisherman journey
introduce passengers
Reading
grow up finally
hard arrest
ask for more adopt
hungry find out
punish parents
run a way work out
gang the rest of
thieves look like
try pocket
packet relation
kidnap list (.....)
break into pay
niece another way
belong to reward
shoot guess
invite bad people
window good people
take back adults
look after sample
19
wrong moral
the west main
the country character
through happen
teenager understand
repeat birth
Important prepositions .
* Reflect on
* in debt
* listen to
* find out
* pay for
* owe to
* belong to
* break into
* break down
* break out

Look for
Look at
Look after
Look up
Look out
Look forward to
Look ahead
Run away
Run after
Ask for

Idioms & Expressions

be in debt stop .. from + v. + ing ...
go to prison / at the edge of
go on / take place
get into debt instead of + v. + ing
refer to ask for advice
hear of run away
known (famous) for ( ) be in trouble
work as find out
work for by force
do wrong break into
look for grow up /
look after belong to /
look like take back /
at the age of pay for
at the weekend give a chance
on board ) / ) live on the streets
introduce..to ... / ..... work out / ( )
catch fish be rewarded for
crowded with guilty of
large numbers of owe money to
be born into a good family
Language Notes
* as : ) )
* like : ) ( ) )
Exs:
20
- Ali works as a teacher.
- Ali works like a donkey ------- ( Ali is a hard worker )
* ( rob (v) robbed robbed ) :
* ( rob ) + ( ) + of + ( : (
* ( steal (v) stole stolen ) :
Exs:
- A gang robbed the bank yesterday.
- The thief robbed the lady of her watch.
- The thieves stole money from the bank.
* ( share (v) d d ) : /
* ( divide (v) d d ) :
* divided into :
Exs:
- I share a room with my brother.
- The two boys shared a meal.
- Mum divided the cake among us.
- The class students divided into two groups for a game.
-------------------------------------------------------------------
* Country :
* The country = The countryside :
* The village :
Exs:
- Egypt is my country.
- I live in the country (OR) the countryside.
- Life in the village is quieter than life in the city.
* On board :
* Broad (adj) :
* Abroad :
Exs:
- I climbed on board of the ship.
- Ali has broad shoulders.
- My uncle traveled abroad.
-------------------------------------------------------------------
* Look at :
* Look over :
* Look after :
* Look for = search for :
Exs: - Ali looked at the sky and saw the plane.
- I bought a flat which looked over the bank of the Nile.
- She looked after her grand parents.
21
- Ali looked for his lost pen.
Questi ons & answers
1) Charl es Di ckens
1- What do you know about Charl es Di ckens?
- He is probably the most famous writer in the English Language after Shakespeare.
2- What i s Di ckens best known for?
- He is best known for his novels about life in nineteenth century Britain
3- Why di d Di ckens' s father go to pri son?
- Because he had got into debt.
4- Why di d Charl es Di ckens go to London?
- Charles went to London to earn money for the family.
5- Where di d Charl es Di ckens work at the age of twel ve?
- He worked in a London factory.
6- What di d Di ckens see i n the factory?
- He saw how hard life was for poor people.
7- What di d Di ckens do after l eavi ng the factory?
- He went to work as an office clerk.
8- Why di d Charl es Di ckens go to Ameri ca i n 1858?
- To read his novels to people.
9- Name Some of Charl es Di ckens' s novel s.
- Oliver Twist, Nicholas Nickleby David Copperfield, A Tale of Two Cities, and Great
Expectations.
10- What ki nd of l i fe di d Di ckens show i n "Ol i ver Twi st"?
- He showed the dark side of life in the nineteenth-century London. He described the
lives of child workers and life in the workhouse, where very poor people were sent to
live and work.
2) Ol i ver Twi st
1- Where di d Ol i ver Twi st grow up? Why?
- He grew up in a workhouse because his mother had died when he was born.
2- Why di d Ol i ver Twi st grow up i n a workhouse?
- Because his mother had died when he was born.
3- How do you thi nk Ol i ver fel t about l i fe i n the workhouse?
- It was a hard life because he was punished when he asked for more food.
4- Why di d Ol i ver Twi st run away to London?
- Because whenever he asked for more food, he was punished.
5- Who di d Ol i ver work wi th i n London?
22
- A gang of thieves, including Jack Dawkins, organized by Fagin
6- What di d Ol i ver l earn from Fagi n?
- To be a thief.
7- Di d Ol i ver do the ri ght thi ng when he became a thi ef? Di d he have a
choi ce?
- No, but he had no choice.
8- Do you thi nk Fagi n i s a good or bad character? Gi ve a reason.
- I think he is bad because he taught the gang how to be thieves (how to take things
from people's pockets.
9- What di d the gang try to do to Mr Brownl ow?
- They tried to take something from a man's pocket.
10- How di d Mr Brownl ow hel p Ol i ver?
- He told the police not to arrest him. Then he took him back to his house and looked
after him.
11-Why do you thi nk Mr Brownl ow stopped the pol i ce from arresti ng Ol i ver?
- He felt sorry for him. He wanted to give him a chance in life.
12- What can we say about the character of Mr Brownl ow?
- He was kind, generous and thoughtful.
13-In what way do you thi nk Mr Brownl ow was rewarded for hel pi ng Ol i ver?
- They could live together as a family and he could watch Oliver growing up happily and
honestly.
14- Who ki dnapped hi m and took hi m back to Fagi n?
- Bill Sikes kidnapped him and took him back to Fagin.
15- What do you thi nk of Bi l l Si kes?
- He was a thief and a criminal. He kidnapped Oliver and took him back to Fagin.
16-When was Ol i ver shot?
- He was shot when the gang broke into Mrs Maylie's house.
17-What rel ati on was Monks to Ol i ver?
- He was his half brother.
18-What di d Ol i ver di scover when the pol i ce arrested al l the gang?
- He discovered that Monks was his half brother.
19-How do you thi nk Ol i ver fel t when he di scovered that Monks was hi s
hal f brother? Gi ve a reason.
- I think he felt very disappointed because brothers are supposed to love and help one
another.
20-What di d Mrs Mayl i e and Rose do when Ol i ver sai d he di dn' t want to be
a thi ef?
- They believed him and invited him to live with them.
21- Why di d Monks want Ol i ver to be i n troubl e?
- Because he wanted to get all their father's money.
23
22- What surpri se di d Ol i ver di scover i n the end?
- He discovered that Rose was his mother's sister.
23-How do you thi nk Ol i ver Twi st fel t when he l earned that Rose was hi s
mother' s si ster? Why?
- He was probably very happy because having an aunt is almost as good as having a
mother. (having an aunt is the closest one can get to having a real mother.
24- Do you thi nk the rest of Ol i ver' s l i fe was happy or not? Gi ve a
reason.
- Yes, because he was adopted by Mr Brownlow and lived with him a happy life.
Exercises
1- Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d:
1- Charles Dickens wrote great..... like, "Oliver Twist" and "A Tale of Two Cities".
a) plays b) novels c) reports d) poems
2- Thieves must go to ............. .
a) the cinema b) prison c) the restaurant d) school
3- People who borrow a lot of money get into ........... .
a) pain b)mess c)debt d) space
4- A ............... writes for a newspaper.
a) scientist b) journalist c) teacher d) doctor
5- Naguib Mahfouz wrote novels to describe life in 20th ....... Egypt.
a) decade b)time c) century d)age
6- TV presenters ............ sports stars on most favourite TV programmes.
a) test b) interview c) examine d) check
7- If you spend too much money, you will be ........... debt.
a) on b)at c)over d)in
8- Oliver Twist grew up in a ................ .
a) workshop b) garage c) factory d) workhouse
9-My two sisters ............ one bed.
a) divide b) share c) take part d) collect
10-You must do it. You have no ............... .
a) appetite b) choice c) desire d)need
11-He ................. me to his wedding party and I accepted his invitation.
a) invented b) invited c) introduced d) intended
12-A father should ........... enough money for his family.
a) win b)earn c) reward d)rob
13-My uncle works ............ a professor at Ain Shams University.
a) like b) such as c)as d) the same
14-Charles Dickens had a very ............. childhood.
a) easy b) happy c) pleasant d)hard
15-He is best......... for his funny jokes.
a) know b)knew c) known d) Knowing
24
16 -Dickens wrote magazine .............. .
a) plays b) stories c)novels d) poems
17- -Amir's father has married two women, so Amir has some ........brothers and sisters.
a) quarter b)half c) third d) unreal
18-We live in a nice house ........ the edge of the forest.
a) in b)at c)on d)by
19-Wise people should learn the ........... of the stories they read.
a) morals b) minerals c) mirrors d) mayors
20 -Who ............. your money? -1 don't know.
a) robbed b) stole c) borrowed d)lent
21-If you are .............. trouble, call the police at once.
a) on b)in c)at d)with
22-The ............... can get married .
a) babies b) children c) adults d)dead .
23-We saw an exciting .......... in the theatre.
a) play b)film c) movie d) novel
24-The police found the lost child and ............ him back to his family.
a) took b) introduced c) described d) invited
25- I must be................. for my work so that I can support my family.
a) earned b)paid c) believed d)won
26-Because the man and his wife didn't have children, they ........... a child.
a) adopted b) adapted c) admired d) adored
27-A .............. of thieves broke into the the bank and stole a lot of money.
a) company b) crowd c)gang d)team
28-The gang ............. the child and kept him as a hostage.
a) found b) held c) helped d) kidnapped
29-Maha is my .......... She is my brother's daughter.
a) nephew b) niece c) aunt d) mum
30- I usually keep my money in the ........... of my jacket.
a) box b) boot c) pocket d) packet
31-Those who break the law must be .............. .
a) rewarded b) punished c) pumped d) promised
32-The police ........... the thief and killed him.
a) shouted b) shut c) shot d) shared
33-Finally, the police were able to ................ a dangerous killer.
a) arrest b) invite c) receive d) introduce
34-The writer wrote a/an ................ of his own life.
a) biography b) autobiography c) paragraph d) e-mail
35-The film was ............ on a real story.
a) set b) based c) built d) set up
36- ........... are children who work for hours in dangerous jobs which are badly paid.
a) Child workers b) Childhood c) Childbirth d) Childcare
37-As life was hard for Oliver in the workhouse, he ran .......... to London.
a) down b) into c) out d) away
38- I was happy to ............. my friend to my family.
a) present b) introduce c) invite d) give
39-My family lives .............. in the country.
a) happy b) happiness c) happily d) unhappy
40- Oliver is the main ............ in Dickens' story "Oliver Twist".
a) actor b) actress c) character d) student
25
2- Read the text below, then write the word which best fits
each space:
Oliver Twist left the workhouse and went to London. Oliver went to live in Fagin's .....
(1)...... Fagin's .....(2)..... tried to rob Mr. Brownlow. Mr. Brownlow caught them but was ....
(3)..... and stopped the .....(4)...... from arresting Oliver. Instead, he took him back to his
house and looked after him. Mr. Brownlow made Oliver part of his .....(5)..... . Oliver lived
happily with Mr Brownlow until one of the .....(6)...... kidnapped him.
Communication Skills
What you say Response
Seeing
people off

- Have a nice journey.

- Have a nice flight.

- Have a nice time.

-Thank you.
- Goodbye and dont forget to
keep in touch.

(11)
Requesti ng

-Could you + .please?
...........
- Would you + inf. ., please?
..............
- I wonder if you could
...
- Id like, please.
...... .
Agreei ng :
- Yes, of course.
- Certainly.
- Its a pleasure.
- With pleasure.
Refusi ng :
- Im sorry.
- Im afraid I cant.

- Would you mind + v. + ing?
- Do you mind + v. + ing?
............
Agreei ng
- No, not at all. .
- No, of course not.
Refusi ng
- Yes, I would (do).
Seeki ng
i nformati on

- What was your journey like?

- How much is it?
- Could you tell me the way to.?
.
- How old are you?
-What's your nationality?

- very tiring/wonderful
/
- 70 pounds. 70
- Go straight, then turn left.

- I'm 14. 14
- I'm Egyptian.
Wri te what you woul d say i n each of the fol l owi ng si tuati ons:
1-You ask your friend to lend you his camera.
26
2-You want to know the price of a kilo of apples.
3-Your friend asks you if he could use you mobile. You agree.
4-Your friend wants to borrow your bike but you need it.
5-You go to the airport to see your friend off.
6-You ask the policeman about the way to the Pyramids.
7-You ask a foreigner about his nationality.
8-You tell a stranger the way to the post office.
9-You ask your friend about his journey to Luxor.
10- Your friend wishes you a nice journey.
Grammar

Had + P.P
:
.
After
As soon as + + , +
When
First, he watched the film, and then he went to bed. (After)
After he had watched the film, he went to bed.
Till
+ +
) didnt + (Until (had + P.P)
He didnt go home until he had watched TV.
no sooner + p.p -- ---than
+ had hardly + p.p ---when +
Scarcely + p.p ----when
He had no sooner watched TV than he went to bed.
,
-:
No sooner than
Hardly + had + + p.p when +
Scarcely when
Hardly had he watched TV when he went to bed.
+ before +
+ by the time +
27
First, he made a plan. Then he robbed the bank.
He had made a plan before he robbed the bank.
:
1 - after , before ) v + ing ( ) noun (

After making a plan, he robbed the bank.
Before lunch, we had watched TV.
2 - after
Having + p.p +
Having watched TV, I went to bed .
3 -

I will make a plan before I begin the project.
:
* ) After : (
*It wasnt until

that

* It was only when

that
Examples :
* It wasnt until my father had come that we began to eat .
* It was only when they had phoned us that we began to get our skates on.
The past continuous tense
: was , were + v + ing

:
1- .
At 10 o, clock yesterday, I was sleeping.
2- :
While - as - just as
3- .
While I was studying, the light went out.
When
4 -
When the light went out, I was studying.
During
5 - During ) while ) ( Noun (
28
- During lunch , a plate slipped . OR: While I was having lunch , a plate slipped .
- During my summer holiday , I visited many places of interest .
OR : While I was spending my summer holiday , I visited many places of interest .
Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d : -
1-..................had he left home than he heard an explosion.
a- Hardly b- No sooner c- Before d- After
2-.....................she was a little girl, she wanted to be an actress.
a- Till b- After c- Until d- When
3-1 found your coat ................you had left the house.
a- after b- till c- no sooner d- hardly
4- We won't start................Ali comes.
a- after b- until c- when d- hardly
5-I decided to water the tree after ......................it.
a- had planted b- planted c- planting d- plant
6. I didn't answer the question............ I had read it carefully.
a- after b- until c- as soon as d- before
7. Hardly ............ started our journey when the car got a flat tyre.
a- had we b- have we c- do we d- we had
8- He had no sooner bought a car .................he sold it again.
a- when b- that c- than d- then
9- After he .................his homework, he will watch the match.
a- had done b- did c- will do d- does
10- We went to the museum ...............we h;ad had lunch .
a- till b- after c- no sooner d- hardly
11- He missed the bus because he ------------ late.
a- had got up b- gets c- has got up d- got up
12-he didnt remember the promise he -----------
a- took b- has taken c- takes d- had taken
13- As soon as I ---------- the ticket, I ran to catch the bus.
a- bough b- had bought c- have bought d- was buying
14-He ------------me his book yesterday.
a- gave b- gives c- had given d- will give
15- The patient ---------------before the doctor came.
a- died b- dies c- had died d- has died
16- As soon as he had arrived in London he -----------------me.
a-has phoned b- phones c- had phoned d- phoned
17- She --------------------a teacher before she became a guide.
a- has been b- had been c- was being d- is
18- By the time he was five, he ---------------------to write.
a- learnt b- learns c- had learnt d- would learn
19- My father didn't remember the promise ----------------------------.
a- had made b- made c- makes d- has made
20- She --------------her lunch until her husband had come.
a- had had b- won't have c- wasn't have d-didn't have
21- after the report ----------------, I handed it to the manager.
a-had finished b- had been finished c-has been finished d-finished
22- Having graduated, he ------------------abroad.
a- traveled b- had traveled c- has traveled d- travels
29
23- After --------------my work, I went home.
a-had finished b- finished c- finishing d- being finished
24- They said that the driver ----------------------the accident.
a-had cause b-was caused c- had caused d-has caused
25- I took the medicine when I --------------------- a meal.
a- has had b- have had c- had d- had had
Rewrite the following sentences:
1- He left the place when his friend came. (Until)
2- We went for a walk but first we finished our work. (Having)
3- Having visited his uncle, he went shopping. (After)
4- I didnt know about her success until I had met her (after)
5-She didnt marry till she had graduated. (When)
6- After I had studied, I went to bed. (Till)
7- He felt ill from eating too much caned food, (By the time)
8- She wrote a postcard then she went to the post office. (Before)
9-I had my breakfast, but before that, I took some exercise (I didnt)
10 - Why dont you phone Dalia? (How)
11 - Akram borrowed a tennis racket from Fawzi. (Lent)
12 - He didnt leave without talking the money. (Until)
13- They weren't eager to work until they had had a holiday. (After)
14- He left the room after taking permission. (before)
15-I gave the book to a friend .1 read it. (when)
16- After he had taken the photos, he developed them. (It was not)
17- I didn't park my car until I had found a place. (As soon as)
18- We completed the forms . we handed them in. (until)
19 -The students did the experiment. They wrote a report on it. ( By the time)
20 -The patient had died before the doctor arrived. (When)
22- She didn't watch TV until she had put the children to bed. (It was only--)
Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d
1- I didnt hear the telephone because I . a shower .
a) had b) was having c) had had d) having
2- While we were sitting in the garden , a storm out .
a) broke b) was breaking c) had broken d) breaking
3- What when you visited him ?
a) did he do b) has he done c) was he doing d) will you do
4- While I was doing my homework , my brother ..the guitar
a) playing b) was playing c) played d) were playing
5- He saw an old friend while down the street .
a) walk b) walked c) was walking d) walking
6- When I Samia , she was playing tennis .
a ) see b) saw c) had seen d) was seeing
7- I --------------- TV when my uncle visited us.
a) watching b) was watched C) was watching d) watch
8- My cousin felt and broke his Leg while he--------------- his bike.
a) rides b) rode C) is riding d) was riding
9- . I was watching the match when the Light -------------out.
a) was going b) went C) is going d) go
30
10- . My grandfather------------- on the farm when it rained.
a) was working b) worked C) working d) works
-Rewrite the following using the word(s) in
brackets:-
1. He was walking home when he had the accident. (While)
2- As I was watering the garden, ft rained. (When)
3- I started reading this book at 9 oclock and finished at 11 (At ten oclock)
4- Can I go for a walk? (mind)
5- She came to the party wearing expensive clothes. ( in)
6- The girls are all eighteen years old. (year)
7- We saw a terrible fire on the way to the shops. (while)
General Exercises
Ramy and Samir are asked to prepare a project on Charles Dickens:
Ramy : You know we've got to prepare a project on Charles Dickens.
Samir : ......................... (1)......................................................... ?
Ramy : We can go to the school library. The librarian ... (2)..
Samir : My father has bought a CD- Rom which has much information about Dickens.
Ramy : ........................ (3)......................................................... ?
Samir : He is best-known for his novels about life in 19thcentury Britain.
Ramy : .....................(4).............................................................?
Samir : He wrote "Oliver Twist" in 1838.
Write what you would say in each of the
following situations:
1- Your friend asks you about the story you've read and why you have chosen it.
2- You tell your father about the main character in "Oliver Twist."
3- Your teacher asks you what Oliver's life was like.
4- You tell your father about the moral of "Oliver Twist."
5- You ask your brother to open the door.
6- You are asked to clean your bedroom.
7- you want to borrow your friend's pen.
8- Your sister asks you to close the window.
Read the following passage and the answer
the questions:-
William Shakespeare was an English playwright and poet who was born in 1564. He spent
his childhood in Stratford Upon Avon. He went to the local grammar school where he was
taught Latin and Greek. At the age of 18, he married Anne Hathaway. They had three
children. He became an actor and playwright and performed for king James I at the Globe
Theatre. The original theatre was burnt down in the 17th century but recently another
Globe theatre has been built on the same spot. The architects used pictures of the old
theatre to make the new one almost identical.
31
Shakespeare wrote 37 plays and a lot of poetry. His most famous plays are probably
Hamlet, King Lear, Macbeth and Othello. He also wrote historical plays such as Antony
and Cleopatra, mostly written in verse.
Shakespeare died rich in Stratford Upon Avon, on the 23rd April, 1616. His plays have
become famous around the world, and every year thousands of tourists come to visit the
place where he lived and died.
A-Answer the following questions:
1- Who was Williams Shakespeare?
2- What plays did he write?
3- Where did he perform his plays and for whom?
4- What does the underlined word he refer to?
B- Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or
d :
5- William Shakespeare learnt............. in the local grammar school.
a) English and German b) French c) Latin and Greek d) Italian
6- The Globe Theatre was burnt down but another ............ has been built on the same spot.
a) cinema b)museum c)garage d) theatre
7- Shakespeare's plays became famous ................
a) in England b) around the world c) in France d)in Europe
Answer only Four (4) of the following
questions :
1- Where did Oliver grow up and why?
2- Why did Oliver leave the workhouse and go to London?
3- Who adopted Oliver and where did they live?
4- What do you think of Mr. Brown low?
5- In your opinion, how should our society look after children like "Oliver" today
6- Do you think life is better for children now than it was in the 19th century? Give a
reason.
1- Oliver is the main character in Dickens' story "Oliver Twist".
2- Journalists often interview people before they write their reports.

Test 2
1- Suppl y the mi ssi ng parts i n the fol l owi ng di al ogue between Youssef
and Ramy about travel i ng abroad:
Youssef: Have you ever been abroad?
Ramy : . .
Youssef: Which country did you go to?
Ramy : I went to England.
Youssef: . ?
Ramy : I went with my father.
Youssef: . ?
Ramy : Two weeks.
32
Youssef: Did you enjoy your stay there?
Ramy : . .
2- Wri te what you woul d say i n each of the fol l owi ng si tuati ons:
1- You can't hear what somebody is saying.
2- You want to know someone's nationality.
3- You ask your friend to open the window.
4- You ask your friend about his age.
B) Vocabul ary and Structure
3- Choose the correct answer:
1-Charles Dickens (bear-was born-born-is born) in the south of England.
2-They left for Rome after they (do-would do-had done-were doing) some business in
London.
3-(While-When-During-As) Dickens was twelve, he went to work in an office.
4-Thieves and other criminals are usually punished by being sent to (prison-a gang-a
workhouse-a hospital).
5-My brother (pays-earns-costs-gives) a lot of money from his job as a pilot.
6-Someone who writes for a newspaper is called a (journalist-novelist-teacher-
geologist).
7-While he (works-working-is working-was working) as a journalist, Charles Dickens
was writing magazine stories.
8-I don't want to be in (doubt-wealth-debt-dots) I'll have to earn some money.
9-He succeeded (because-so-although-as soon as) he was lazy.
10- Oliver Twist is a (letter-novel-play-poem) by Charles Dickens.
4- Correct the underl i ned mi stakes i n the fol l owi ng paragraph:
While the boy was crossing the road, he was run
by car. An ambulance carryi ng the boy to hospital.
Before the police arri ve, the car driver had try to
escape but he can' t.
a) ..
b)
c)
d) .
After Shakespeare, Charles Dickens is probably the most
famous writer in the English language. He was (a).. in
1812. When he was a young boy, is father went (b)
prison. Charles went to London to (c) money for the
family. At the(d)..of twelve, he was working for ten
hours (e).. day in a factory. Later he worked (f)
an office clerk.
a) ..
b) ..
c) ..
d) ..
e) ..
f)
C) Readi ng Comprehensi on and Set Books
Helen Keller was born on June 27, 1880 in Tuscumbia, Alabama. She was healthy
until the age of nineteen months when she developed a brain fever. The fever left her
unable to hear, see or speak. Her father was a newspaper editor and was determined
to find help for his child. He contacted Dr. Alexander Graham Bell to assist him. Dr. Bell
found Michael Anagnos, the director of the Perkins Institution for the blind in Boston,
33
Massachusetts. Mr. Anagnos sent one of his best students, Annie Sullivan to help with
Helen.
The students at the Perkins Institution made a doll for Annie Sullivan to give Helen.
Ms. Sullivan began using the doll to spell the word doll in Helens hand. Helen learned
quickly to make the letters. Helen learned many words and soon wanted to learn to
speak. Miss Sarah Fuller of the Horace Mann School was her first speech teacher.
Helen learned to use Braille or raised print for reading and soon wanted to go on to
college. Helen graduated from Radcliffe College with honors in 1904. Annie Sullivan
spelled books and lectures in Helens hand all through college.
Helen Keller spent the rest of her life trying to make it easier for disabled people to
learn. She fought for womens rights, equality for minorities and workers rights. She
won many awards for her work for the blind. Helen Keller died on June 1, 1968. She
will be remembered by the world as a champion and hero of the blind and disabled
people.
1- What caused Helen to become deaf, dumb and blind?
2- What did Captain Keller do to help his daughter?
3- How did Helen Keller read?
4- Why was Helen Keller given many awards?
5-Who came to help with Helen from the Perkins Institution?
a) Captain Keller b) Mr. Anagnos c) Annie Sullivan d) all of these
6-The first word Helen learned to spell was .
a) eat b) help c) stop d) doll
7-Miss Sarah Fuller taught Helen Keller how to ..
a) read b) speak c) see d) walk
7- Answer Onl y Four (4) of the fol l owi ng questi ons:
1-How did Oliver Twist lead a hard life?
2-What do you think of Mr Brownlow?
3-Why was Oliver punished when in the workshop?
4-Who adopted Oliver Twist?
5-What did Fagin teach the gang?
6-Show how Mr Brownlow was so kind.
E) Wri ti ng
9- Wri te a paragraph of seven (7) sentences about
"A story have just heard or read."

F) Transl ati on
1- Society should look after children especially those who live in workhouses.
2- Children should enjoy their rights as adults do.

.
34
UNIT 3 The Power of Mind 1
st
year Secondary
TAPESCRIPT
Ali : what's your memory like , Ibrahim ?
Ibrahim : I've got a very good memory for some things, for example . I'm good at
remembering names. This is very useful for me as I'm a teacher and I often need to
remember student's Names. So, if had 40 students in a new class tomorrow .I'd Know all
their names by the end of my second lesson with them .
Ali :That's very clever ! How do you do that ?
Ibrahim : It's quite easy. I ask each student to say their name while I look At them. I
repeat the name, then I close my eyes and say the name three times to myself. After this I go
round the class. And say all the names aloud the students are very surprised if I get
their names right . what about you , Ali ?
Ali : Well, I have a photographic memory for numbers. So, if I looked At a list of
people's telephone numbers. I could repeat them to you a few minutes later .
Ibrahim : That must be very useful . How do you do that ?
Ali : I don't know . I've always found it very easy .
Ibrahim : Can I test you ?
Ali : All right if you show me a list of ten names and phone numbers I'll look at them
and immediately say them back to you .
Ibrahim : Ok .
Ali : thanks. Now hide the numbers and read out the name on the list .
Ibrahim : Ok, Azza .
Ali : Azza's number is 0856 .
Ibrahim : and, finally . Nadia .
Ali : I know that number, too her number is 07529643861. Am I right ?
Ibrahim : The human brain is really incredible, isn't ?
You have 100,000,000,000 of these!
1- you have something that is more complex than the most powerful computer. With it you
can see and smell flowers, remember holidays, feel pain, hear your favorite singer's voice
and think . this thing . which is in your head and weighs a kilo , is your brain
2- your brain has about a hundred billion (100,000,000,000) cells . and controls everything
you do. It receives information from your senses, analyses it, then sends messages .for
35
example, when you put your hand in hot water you think , that hurts and you take your
handout of water Your brine receives the message, "very hot '' from your hand , then
immediately sends a message back to your hand " take your hand out of the water"
3 - our senses often work together. For example , try this experiment. Cut a piece of apple,
banana and orange. Close your eyes hold your nose, then taste the fruit. Can you taste the
difference between the fruits? Probably not. This is because when you eat something. Your
brain Receives message from your mouth eyes and nose.
4- Your brine also stores past memories and this makes learning and remembering
possible. At the same time, your brain controls your breathing, your heart, your body
temperature and your digestion .
It's important to guess
When you hear a sound, your brain tries to guess where it is coming from. So, if
you hear a ringing sound and see a telephone, your brain may guess that the telephone
is ringing. But if someone picks up the phone and the ringing sound continues, your brain
will guess again. Maybe it's a mobile phone or a film on TV.
Holes and bails
If you look at the picture, you will see an X made of balls. Around the X are holes.
If you turn the picture the other way, you will see that the X is made of holes and around
it there are balls. Why is this? Scientists say that our brains always think that light comes
downwards, perhaps because sunlight comes down. Now look at the picture again where
is the lightest part of each ball or hole?
New Vocabulary
Listening
power quite easy
mind say their names
telephone number
look at
password repeat
learn go round
make sure a loud
human surprised
brain show
photographic hide
memory read out
date beautiful
hear ability
conversation class
face group
remember difficult
terrible planting
bad cooking
finally impossible
good memory
for
believe
useful for special
36
need long distances
by the end of useless at
eyesight incredible
add powerful
head once
take possible
lose immediately
chain warm
tired feel
keep maths
concentrate on gym
calculator homework
keep fit
free time
weather help with
Reading
analyse receive
breath store memories
cells singer
pain taste
powerful message
temperature weigh
parts take out
animal mouth
plants nose
senses control
problem breathing
control heart
favourite body
voice digestion
hurt heat
piece insect
results bright
patients present
normal temperature
relax article
slowly touch
comare with hold nose
brain damage predict
guess downwards
painful pick up
gas holes
send sunlight
the lightest furniture
suggestions meaning
37
phrases method
disappointed pronounce
vocabulary agree about
enough recent
successful recently
separate promise -
make sure pick up
good at feel tired
bad at do homework
terrible at keep fit
useful for go shopping
by the end of fall over /
on the list feel pain
for example have a terrible pain
in the future take . out /
short for a piece of
different from taste the difference
key to at the same time
concentrate on compared with
pass the test reply to
hold out your hand agree about
feel ill look forward to + v. + ing
do well in make a note of
do badly in ask for
Language Notes
memory / souveni r
- He has a good memory for faces.
- My visit to America is a memory.
- He bought some souveni rs from Khan El-khalili.
brai n mi nd /
-Human brai n has 100.000.000 cells
-Your mi nd has the ability to decide what is right and what is wrong.
-I dont mi nd helping you.
remi nd remember /
-He remi nds me of his father.
-He is good at rememberi ng names.
-Remember me to your family.
qui te / qui et qui t /
- Are you qui te sure you want to go?
- I'm qui te tired, but I'm happy to walk a little further.
- They found a table in a qui et corner of the restaurant.
38
- She qui t her job to spend more time with her family.
It takes / took + + + to + :
-He did his homework in two hours. (It took)
It took hi m two hours to do his homework.
hel p + + (to) + :
- Rain hel ps pl ants (to) grow.
hel p + +wi th+ :
- He hel ped me wi th my homework.
can = am/i s/are + abl e to +
= am/i s/are + capabl e of +v. + i ng :
- Our teacher can solve any difficult problem. (able / capable)
- Our teacher i s abl e to sol ve any difficult problem.
- Our teacher i s capabl e of sol vi ng any difficult problem.
Verbs & Nouns
Verbs Nouns
Close a door & a window & a shop & your eyes & an e-mail
Guess someones age & the answer to a question
& the result & the place
Receive a letter & an e-mail & a phone call & a message
& a guest & a present & a visit
Send a letter & an e-mail & a message & greetings
& an invitation & a postcard & a cable & a telegram
Have a shower & a bath & a meal & a drink & a discussion
& an accident & lunch & a rest & a headache
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Language Functions
( 1 ) Offering Help :
* I will +
* I will do what I can to +
* I can +
Exs:
- I will lend you my dictionary.
- I will do what I can to help you learn the new vocabulary.
- I can show you how to make a list of the new words.
( 2 ) Giving Advice :
* You should + ( )
* You shouldnt + ( )
* You mustnt + ( )
* If I were you, I would + ( )
* If I were you, I wouldnt + ( )
39
Exs:
- You should learn vocabulary for the test.
- You mustnt neglect the new words.
- If I were you, I would study hard.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Accepti ng & Not Accepti ng Advi ce

Accepti ng Advi ce

Not Accepti ng Advi ce

- OK. I will.
- I think youre right.
- Certainly, I will do.
- Thats right.
- Yes, I should.
- I dont think so
- No, I wont.
- Certainly, not.
( 3 ) Suggestions :
* Why dont ( you / we ) + ( ) + . ?
* You could + ( ) + .
* ( What about / How about ) + ( v + ing ) + . ?
Exs:
- Why dont you make a list of the new words ?
- You could repeat the words to learn them.
- What about making a vocabulary book ?
( 4 ) Expressing opinion :
* I think +
* I think you should + ( ) +
* In my opinion +
Exs:
- I think Ali plays the guitar well.
- I think you should study for the test.
- In my opinion, students should learn new vocabulary.
Writing e-mail
Layout
To :

From :

subject :

Dear
40
..
..
..
Sendername

To : ahmedfadel20002002@hotmail.com
From : Ali_Salem@yahoo.com
subject : My news
Dear ahmed
I did very badly in my last English test because I didn't know enough
words and phrases. My parents were very disappointed. The problem is
I'm terrible at learning and remembering vocabulary. Do you have any
suggestions? I hope you can help me.
Best wishes
Ali
Language Functions
Talking about our own abilities in English, we should
sound modest rather than boastful about what we
can do.

To sound modest, say: - I m qui te good at .........
- I m not bad at ..............
Don t say ................... : - I m very good at ..............
- I m fantasti c at ................
Senses :
Si ght [ beautiful / ugly / blunt / rotten ]
Smel l [ delicious / fishy / rotten / sour ]
Feel i ng [ blunt / cold / hot / sharp / smooth ]
Heari ng [ beautiful / noisy / quiet ]
Taste [hot / salty / smoky/ fishy/ delicious]
Questi ons & answers:
1- What i s more compl ex than the most powerful computer?
- The brain is more complex than the most powerful computer.
2- What can you do wi th your brai n?
41
- With it you can see and smell flowers, remember holidays, feel pain, hear your
favourite singers voice and think. It weighs a kilo.
3- How much does your brai n wei gh?
- It weighs a kilo.
4- How many cel l s does the brai n have?
- It has about a hundred billion (100,000.000.000) cells.
5- What does the brai n do after i t recei ves i nformati on from the senses?
- It analyses it, then sends messages to the rest of the body.
6- What fi ves senses does the brai n recei ve messages from?
- It receives messages from taste, smell, sight, hearing and touch.
7- How does the brai n control senses?
- It receives information from senses, analyses it, then sends messages back to the rest
of the body.
8- What happens when you put your hand i n hot water?
- The brain receives a message saying the water is very hot and sends a message back
saying, "Take your hand out of the water."
9- Why i s i t di ffi cul t to taste di fferent frui ts i f you hol d your nose and
cl ose your eyes? (Prove that our senses often work together.)
- When you are eating, the brain receives messages from the eyes, nose and mouth. If
you hold your nose and close your eyes, it doesn't get some messages.
10- How does the brai n hel p us to l earn and remember?
- It acts as a store for past memories.
11- What are the functi ons of the brai n?
- It stores past memories. It sends messages to the rest of your body. It controls your
breathing, your heart, your body temperature and your digestion.
12- What does the human brai n store?
- It stores past memories.
13- What does the brai n control ?
-It controls your breathing, your heart, your body temperature and your digestion.
14- Why do our brai ns fi rst thi nk that the tel ephone i s ri ngi ng?
- Because our eyes can see the telephone and we can hear the ringing.
15- Why do our brai ns thi nk that l i ght comes downwards?
- Because the natural light from the sun always come from above.
Choose the correct answer on vocabulary
1- Those who have a.... memory can remember things by looking at them
a) weak b) photographic c) hard d) long
2- He can look at a list of names and .......... them in a minute later.
a) revise b) receive c) repeat d) retire
3- My little daughter is good ........... doing sums.
a) in b) at c) on b) with
4- I have a good memory ............ names.
a) of b) for c) with d) by
5- The human brain is ......... .
a) uncomfortable b) incredible c) probable c) possible
6- When you operate your computer, enter the ......... .
a) passport b) password c) crossword d) vocabulary
7- The weather is .......... good today.
42
a) quit b) quiet c) quite d) quietly
8-As it was so cold, my dad asked me to ......... the window.
a) open b) close c) guess d) break
9- I don't know who is phoning. Can you ...............?
a) find b) guess c) reach d) remember
10 -Taha Hussein lost his ............. when he was young.
a) touch b) eyesight c) hearing d) smell
11- Pictures can help children learn new .................. .
a) friends b) bikes c) words d) days
12 -You have to concentrate .......... your studies.
a) with b) on c) at d) by
13 -Can I.......... a suggestion?
a) do b) make c) say d) receive
14-You feel pain if your leg ............... .
a) kicks b) hurts c) annoys d) shoots
15-In winter, it............. very cold at night.
a) comes b) goes c) gets d) arrives
16- I can't sleep. The children are making a lot of ..............
a) sound b) voice c) noise d) talk
17- Plants can't grow without......... .
a) oil b) sunlight c) fire c) the moon
18-He was really .............. when his son failed the test.
a) happy b ) cheerful c) disappointed d) powerful
19-If you do things ............ no one will ever like you.
a) well b) properly c) correctly d) badly
20- ..... the helps change the food we eat into very simple substances useful to our bodies.
a) Digestion b) Indigestion c) Suggestion d) Education
21-The .......... pumps blood around the body.
a) brain b) mind c) heart d) head
22- I have very nice ............... of my stay in Japan last year.
a) passwords b) voices c) memories d) senses
23-What's your memory .........? - Quite powerful.
a) as b) like c) such d) same
24-When you ......... 5 and 5, you get 10.
a) put b) add c) store d) control
25-How can we ..............? - With our noses.
a) see b) taste c) smell d) eat
26- I have to tidy the room. The children turned everything the other
a) road b) street c) way d) square
27- Our school is big and includes 60 ............. .
a) bedrooms b)labs c) classrooms d) flats
28-A ........... is the smallest part of animals or plants.
a) bone b)head c) leave d)cell
29-My computer is quite ......... . It has 160 GB.
a) weak b) small c) powerful d) young
30-A clever doctor should ............. the results of tests on his patients.
a) answer b) annoy c) analyse d) anger
31-The boy felt some ........... in his leg when he fell off his bike.
a)hunger b)noise c)pain d) health
32-If anyone stops ....... for long, he'll die.
a) swimming b) walking c) breathing d) talking
43
33-The normal human body ................ is 37C.
a) heat b) temper c) temperature d) heating
34-The human brain ............ all senses.
a) plays b) controls c) examines d) checks
35-The human brain ................ about 1 kg.
a) weighs b) costs c)buys d) sells
36-Our senses receive .................. from the brain.
a) letters b) e-mails c)messages d) calls
37-It is easy to taste the ......... between bananas and oranges.
a) differentiate b) different c) differ d) difference
38-Brains store past ................... and this makes learning and remembering possible.
a) memories b) souvenirs c) museums d) merchants
39 -Have you ......... any calls today?
a) taken b) received c) guessed d) closed
Rewrite using the word(s) in brackets to give the same meaning:
1- She can speak four languages. (able-capable)
2- The painter painted the flat in a week. (It took)
3- I'd like very much to travel abroad. (look forward)
4- Emily and her sister are different. (from)
5- It is difficult to believe what he says. (incredible)
The brain is more complex than the most powerful computer. It has about a hundred
billion (1), and controls everything you do. It (2). information from your senses
and analyses it. It also (3). past memories and this (4) learning and remembering
possible. (5)the same time, it controls your breathing, your heart, your body
temperature (6) your digestion.
Grammar Study
If + ,

If you heat water, it turns into steam. If you don't water plants, they die.
, will +
If
,
44
The zero conditional
The first conditional
If you meet Osama, give him this letter please.
1 ) - . If the sun shines, we will go
out .
2 - ( ) If you will play will, you will win.
:
1 - can, may will 2 -
what
What + will + + do + if + ) )?
What will you do if you get a job?
3 - should if .
If he studies hard, he will succeed. Should he study hard, he would succeed.
If + , would +
If she studied, she would succeed.
:
1 -
If I didn't feel so tired, I'd go out with you If I were rich, I would buy a car.
2 - If I were you, I'd see a
doctor .
:
1 - could, might would
If he were strong enough, he could carry the heavy bag.
2 - .
3 - if as, because therefore , so , that's why .
He can go for a swim because it's fine. (If)
He wouldn't go for a swim if it weren't fine.
I'm too busy therefore I can't visit him today. (If)
If I weren't too busy, I'd visit him today.
4 - should if .
If he studied, he'd succeed. Should he study, he would succeed.
5 - Had if .
If I had enough money, I'd buy a new house.
Had I enough money, I'd buy a new house.

What + would + + do + if + ) ) ?
What you would do if your car was stolen? I'd tell the police.
Unless = if not
unless if .
If he had worked hard, he would have passed the exam. (Unless)
Unless he had worked hard, he wouldn't have passed the exam.
Unless he had worked hard, he would have failed the exam.
incase of if + ing .
45
The second conditional
If you are strong, you will defeat your enemy.
Incase of being strong, you will defeat your enemy.
Incase of your strength, you will defeat your enemy.
without, but for if .
If I don't finish early, I won't go home early. (Without)
Unless I finish early, I won't go home early. (Without)
Without finishing early, I won't go home early.
without, but for if unless .
if it weren't for without .
Without + would +

If it weren't for + would +

Without hard work, he wouldn't pass the exam.
If it weren't for hard work, he wouldn't pass the exam.
Choose the correct answer on Grammar
14- If you .. the time of his arrival , please tell me .
a) knew b) know c) had known d) will know
15- If you stand on the table , it . .
a) will collapse b) would collapse c) would have collapsed d) has collapsed
16- He can borrow the money .. he pays it back tomorrow .
a) provided b) unless c) in case of d) without
17- He will join the university he passes the exam .
a) unless b) but for c) in case of d) provided that
18- If you go out , please me some cookies .
a) get b) will get c) would get d) would have got
19- ..................he study hard, he will get high marks .
a- If b-Were c- Should d- Had
20- Don't bother to ring me ...........................it's important.
a- if b- in case c- but for d- unless
21- Take this medicine with you...................... you feel tired .
a- if it b- unless c- in case d- without
22-You......................get there in time unless you hurry .
a- won't b- couldn't c- wouldn't have d- can
23-If you hear any news................... you let me know immediately ?
a- would b- could c- can d- might
24. If he ............. late, we will go without him.
a) wasb) were c) is d) can be
25. He won't catch the train if he ............. soon.
a) didn't pack b) will not pack c) doesn't pack d) hadn't packed
26.If I had to add two long numbers together in my head, it (takes-will take-would take-can
take) me two or three minutes.
27.If water freezes, it (will turn-turns-would turn-turned) into ice.
28.If you knew enough English words and phrases, you would pass your English test.
29.If I (see-will see-would see-had seen) the numbers on papers, it is easier to add them.
30.If I remember Ali's address, I (phone-will phone-would phone-could phone) and tell you.
31.I'll help you with your homework if you (find-will find-found-had found) it difficult.
46
32.I wouldn't be able to read if I (lose-lost-will lose-had lost) my glasses.
33.If I can't sleep at night, I (take-would take-might take-took) an aspirin.
34.If I (has-had-had had-has had) more time, I would visit my friends in Dubai.
35.If I (gets-will get-got-get) a good job. I will help my family.
36.Learning will be fun (if-unless-without-in case of) you work with a friend.
37.If you sleep badly tonight, you (feel-felt-will feel-would feel) tired tomorrow.
38.If you don't hear a person's question, (will ask-would ask-can ask-ask) them to repeat it.
39.If you (go-went-had gone-has gone) to England in winter, it would be very cold.
40.If I (were-am-had been-have been) thirsty, I would drink some water.
Important Choices
1- Had I had a good memory? I ------------remembered his name.
a - would have b- will have c- shall have d- may have
2- ----------------I phoned him, he wouldn't have come in time.
a- Unless b- Hadn't c- If d- Provided
3- -----------------------he hurries up, he will miss the train.
a- If b- Without c Unless - d- But for
4- -----------------he enough money, he would buy a car.
a- Were b- Unless c Without - d- Had
5- I would have bought this car unless I -------------------in trouble.
a- had been b- have been c- were d- am
6- ----------------in your position, I'd accept his offer.
a- Had b- Were c Unless - d- Without
7- If a volcano erupts, it -----------------dust into the atmosphere.
a- will send b- sent c- send d- would send
8- If the ice caps melt, the sea level -----------------------.
a- rises b- would rise c rose - d- have risen
9- If he hadn't bought a car, he -------------------that accident.
a- wouldn't have b- hadn't had c didn't have d- wouldn't have had
10- If he had been more careful, he------------------all these mistakes.
a- would make b- - wouldn't make c-Would have made d- wouldn't have made
Rewrite the following sentences using the words in brackets:
1. Listen carefully to the teacher or you won't understand the lesson. ( If )
2. Read the instructions thoroughly or else you won't be able to operate the machine. ( If )
3. He may come early. In that case, he will contact you. ( If )
4. He will play well if he practices well. (provided that)
5. Pay the rent regularly or I won't renew the contract. (as long as)
6.If he behaved badly, he would be punished. (In case of)
7.Hurry up or you won't catch the bus (if)
8.He can't get married now because he doesn't have a flat. (Had)
9.He won't join the army since he is short (if)
10.The shirt is too tight so I can't wear it (provided)
11.You should study hard. (Were)
12.I'm not going to visit him as I'm too busy (if)
13.I wouldn't eat too much if I weren't hungry. (Unless)
General Exercises
A teacher and a student who has a problem with studying new words:
Student : Can you give me some advice about studying the new words?
Teacher : (1)...
47
Student : ..................... (2)......................................................................... ?
Teacher :You shouldn't learn more than 10 words or phrases at the same time.
Student : Does it help to learn words in phrases or sentences?
Teacher : ......................... (3) .................................................................................. .
Student : ......................... (4) ................................................................ ?
Teacher : A dictionary gives the meaning of a word, and how to use it in a sentence.
Student : Thank you for your good advice.
Read the following passage, then answer the questions:
Some people say they have no memory at all. But of course we all have a memory. Our
memory tells us who we are and helps to make use in the present of what we have learnt in
the past. In fact we have different types of memory. For example, our visual memory helps
us recall faces and places. Some people have such a strong visual memory. They can for
example, remember exactly pages of a book as a complete picture. Our verbal memory
helps us remember words and figures we may have heard but not seen or written items of a
shopping list or dates. With our emotional memory, we recall situations or places where we
had strong feelings, perhaps happiness or unhappiness. We also have special memories for
smell, taste, touch and sound and for performing physical movements. We have two ways
of storing any of these memories. Our short -term memory stores items for up to thirty,
seconds, enough to remember a telephone number while we dial, Our long - term memory
may store items for a life time.
A-Answer the following questions:
1- How is our memory useful? 2- What are the different types of memory we have?
3- What two ways of storing memory do we have? 4- Suggest a suitable title for this passage.
B- Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d :
5- Our verbal memory helps us to remember .........
a) faces and places b) situations and places
c) memories of taste and touch d) words and figures
6- When we recall situations or places where we had strong feeling, This is......... memory.
a) verbal b) emotional c) visual d) hearing
7- Our long-term memory stores items for ......... .
a) up to thirty seconds b) a life time c) every two hours d) two years
- Answer the following questions :
1- What does your brain control?
2- Why is it difficult to taste different fruits if you hold your nose and close your eyes?
3- What five senses does the brain receive information from?
4- What do you think of the human brain?
1-Your brain controls your breathing, your heart, your body temperature and your digestion.
2-The brain you have in your head is more powerful than the most powerful computer.
.
Test
1- Fi ni sh the fol l owi ng di al ogue between George and John who have just
graduated from the facul ty of engi neeri ng.
George : Hi John. Congratulation.
John : Thank you. What are you going to do, then?
George : .. .
John : Your fathers factory? What does it produce?
48
George : Robot toys. What about you?
John : . .
George : But you dont have enough money to start your own business, do you?
John : Not really, but . .
George : From the bank?
John : Im going to start next week.
George : Good luck, John.
2-Wri te what you woul d say i n each of the fol l owi ng si tuati ons:
1- You thank your friend who has done you a favour.
2- You break your friend's camera.
3- You ask about your friend's eyesight.
4- Your friend asks you about your memory.
3-Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d:
1- If I a camera, I would take a photo of the family party.
a) had b) have c) has d) would have
2- My brother has got a good .. for phone numbers.
a) souvenir b) memory c) mind d) brain
3- If you very fast, you'll catch your train.
a) ran b) running c) runs d) run
4- The smallest parts of animals and plants are called .. .
a) hearts b) cells c) brains d) pieces
5- If my friend from Italy, I'll show him around Cairo.
a) come b) comes c) is coming d) came
6- I'm sure that he has passed his driving test.
a) quit b) quiet c) quite d) quietly
7- If I .. enough money, I'd buy a second-hand car.
a) have b) will have c) would have d) had
8- Rania is good at .
a) cook b) cooking c) cooked d) cooks
9- If you have a . memory, you are able to remember things in exact detail.
a) photographic b) photography c) photograph d) photo
10-I'm looking forward from you.
a) hearing b) to hearing c) hear d) heard
4- Rewri te the fol l owi ng sentences usi ng the word(s) i n brackets to gi ve
the same meani ng:
1- He can't defend you because he isn't a lawyer. (If)
2- Perhaps he will play well. If so, he will win. (If)
3- If he didn't study his lessons, he wouldn't pass the exams. (Unless)
4- If I were a bird, I'd fly. (Were..)
5- He can't go for a swim because he doesn't have a swim suit. (If)
5-Read the text bel ow, then wri te the word whi ch best fi ts each space:
The brain is more complex than the most powerful
computer. It has about a hundred billion (1), and
controls everything you do. It (2). information from your
senses and analyses it. It also (3). past memories and
this ... learning and remembering possible. the
a) ..
b) ..
c) ..
d) ..
49
same time, it controls your breathing, your heart, your body
temperature your digestion.
e) ..
f)
6-Read the fol l owi ng passage , then answer the questi ons:
In Egypt, the tourism industry has come to hold a position of great importance
lately. It is felt that i t could help increase the national income. In some European
countries, tourism has brought in millions of dollars yearly, although they lack the
natural and historical attractions we have in Egypt.
We could, for instance, establish tourist villages for children on the Red Sea. We
could teach fishing, swimming, diving and sailing there. Another good idea would be a
village in the New Valley for horse riding. And what about villages for people with
health problems like rheumatism? The warm dry climate of Aswan and Helwan would
certainly help them get better.
Our tourist today wants efficient and friendly service. He would probably prefer
to try our samples of our local food rather than to eat the international meals, which
are served, in some places.
It must also be remembered that most tourists nowadays are seldom rich. Many
of them are students or hardworking employees. So what is needed is not expensive
hotels but clean comfortable places to sleep and eat in at reasonable prices. This, too,
would encourage Egyptians to travel more and more around their lovely country.
A)Answer the fol l owi ng questi ons:
1- How could we encourage Egyptians to see more and more of their country?
2- Why has tourism become very important?
3- What sort of people did the writer suggest to enjoy our warm dry climate?
4- What does the underlined pronoun i t in the first paragraph refer to?
5- The writer feels that Egypt has got..the other countries which make
so much money from tourism.
a) less attractions than b) the least attractions of
c) the same attractions as d) more attractions than
6- According to the writer, if someone has pains in his muscles and joints, he should
go to
a) Europe b) Aswan c) The Red Sea d) The New Valley
7- Our hotels should be .
a) expensive b) too cheap c) too expensive d) at reasonable prices
7-Answer Onl y Four (4) of the fol l owi ng questi ons:
7-How heavy is your brain?
8-What does your brain store?
9-Mention two functions of the brain.
10- How many cells does your brain contain?
11- Prove that our senses work together.
12- What can you do with your brain?
E) Wri ti ng
9- Wri te a l etter to your friend, Fady, inviting him to your birthday party. Your name is
Mark and you live at 10 Manyal Street, Cairo.
F) Transl ati on
50
1- Ibrahim thinks the human brain is incredible.
2- The brain is more complex than the most powerful computer.


Review A
Interviewer : Mike, can you tell us something about yourself?
Champion : Yes, sure.
Interviewer : Where are you from?
Champion : Well, I was born in Texas and lived there until I was 17. Now I live
in New York.
Interviewer : And do you work there?
Champion : Yes, I do, but I also work in many other places.
Interviewer : And is it true that you earn all your money from your memory?
Champion : Yes, that's right. I do shows all over America and in other parts of
the world.
Interviewer : So, what do you do in your shows?
Champion : Well, I answer people's questions. But before I begin,
I introduce myself to everyone who conies to the show. They tell
me their names and where they're from.
Interviewer : How many people come to your shows?
Champion : Oh, five or six hundred - sometimes more. Last night there were
more than a thousand people.
Interviewer : Really?
Champion : Then / make a promise, I tell people that if they ask me a question
and tell me their name, I'll remember their name and use it when I
answer their question. If I forget, I'll give the person 1,00 dollars.
Interviewer : And how much do you have to pay at the end of a show?
Champion : Nothing. I've never had to give any money. At a show two weeks
ago, I forgot someone's name for a few seconds, but then I
remembered it.
Interviewer : Mike Champion, thank you very much for talking to me.
-----------------------------------------------------
Friends
Abdullah and Ibrahim have been friends for a long time. They are the
same age. Their families are good friends. They go to the same school. They both
want to go to university and become teachers. They both enjoy athletics and
51
swimming. Ibrahim is good at science and Abdullah is better at English. This is
useful because they can help each other.
Their families go on holidays together. They spend a lot of free time
together. Last year, they went on a fantastic sailing holiday. They have very
different characters. Ibrahim is a calm and relaxed person while Abdullah gets
excited and worries about everything.
They hope they will always be best friends and when they become parents
and grandparents one day, their children and grandchildren will play together
and be best friends, too.
-----------------------------------------------------
Questions and answers
1- How long have Abdullah and Ibrahim been friends?
---- They have been friends for a long time.
2- Do they have different or similar characters?
---- They have different characters.
3- What did Ibrahim and Abdullah use to do when they were children?
---- They used to play together.
4- How do you explain the fact that Abdullah and Ibrahim are such good
friends?
---- They like doing the same things. For example, they both enjoy athletics and
swimming.
6- How are the characters of Abdullah and Ibrahim different?
---- They are different as Ibrahim is a calm, relaxed person while Abdullah gets
excited very easily and worries about everything.
7- How do their families meet?
---- They sometimes go on holiday together, so they spend a lot of free time
together.
8- What is Ibrahim's hope?
---- He hopes they will be best friends and their children and grandchildren will
play together and be best friends, too.
9- What is your idea of a friend?
---- A Mend should be helpful, sincere and thoughtful.
10- Do you have a best friend? How is he / she special?
---- Yes, he is helpful and always gives me useful advice.
11- Do you agree that we are often best friends with people who are very
different from ourselves?
---- I agree because if a friend is good at one subject and the other is good at
another subject, they can help each other. If their characters are different, they
don't always agree with each other but they are best friends because they integrate.
52
12- What is your definition of a good friend?
---- A friend is someone I know well and enjoy spending time with. He cares for
my problems and helps me to solve them.
13- Do you think it is good to sometimes disagree with your friends? Why /
Why not?
---- I think it is good to sometimes disagree with my friends so that everyone
knows the best to do.
14- Do you have a friend? How long have you known bun / her?
---- Yes, I have a sincere friend. I have known him for a long time since we were
at primary school together.
15- What is your friend good at? Are you good at the same things?
---- We are not good at the same things at school. My friend is good at science
and I am better at English, so we can help each other.
16- What is your friend like? Is this the same as you?
---- He is funny and optimistic. He is not the same as me because I'm nervous and
worry about everything.
17- What are your hopes for the future? Will you be friends in the future?
---- We hope we'll always be best friends and our children and grandchildren will
play together and be best friends, too.
-----------------------------------------------------
Vocabul ary
interviewer sailing
interview calm
places excited /
parts relaxed
show opposite
seconds grandparents
memory man grandchildren
audience athletics
hold / held / held team
microphone club
hall countries
promise over
easily matches
pilot national team
cost field /
soil plane
rocks climb
biologist lorry
geologist shout
astronaut rescue
journalist company
53
novelist suddenly
free time empty
headache miss
hungry excitement
hunger sad
thirsty parents
thirst explain /
early definition
late good friend
sleep / slept / slept faithful
clean co-operative
kitchen dutiful / /
eat / ate / eaten tolerant
know / knew / known patient
retire frightened
idea fantastic
earn money from score a goal
all over America feel tired
introduce .. to .... .... write for
make a promise at the weekend
at the end of give back /
thank for + v. + ing at night
look surprised have a problem
talk to get excited
at the front worry about
present a show agree with
on stage go on holiday
make money from drive away
be from play tennis
live in do the homework
come to receive a letter
good at + v. + ing close your eyes
terrible at win the match
take a photo different from
catch the train differ from
miss the train disagree with
Confusabl e Words
another / other / others:
another: ( / )
one ) a / an / the (
- I'm going to have another cup of tea.
- I don't like this shirt. Give me another one.
54
few
- I'd like to extend my stay for another three (few) weeks.
other: /
the
- I've found one earring - do you know where the other one is?
- Tom and three other boys went fishing this afternoon.
others: /
the
- Some people are rich while others are poor.
- She gave me one book last week and promised to bring the others on
Wednesday.
special / private:
speci al: ) )
- speci al occasion / train / clothes / care / friend
pri vate: ) )
- pri vate car / school / letter / life / hospital / visit / papers
si mi l ar / the same:
si mi l ar: alike ) )
- They are si mi l ar, but they are not the same.
to similar
- Brass is si mi l ar to gold in colour.
the same: not different ) )
- He was wearing the same shirt hed had on the day before.
as the same
- I like the same music as you.
Language Notes
be - feel - smel l - taste - sound - seem l ook:

-Do you feel ti red?
-The dinner smel l s good.
-That cake tastes good.
the same age = as ol d as:
the same hei ght as = as tal l as:
the same as..as
- Mark and Fady are the same age. (as .. as)
Mark is as ol d as Fady.
- Mark and Fady are the same hei ght. ( as . as)
Mark is as tal l as Fady.
l i ke + v. + i ng:
- I l i ke pl ayi ng tennis in my free time.
enjoy + v. + i ng:
- I enjoy meeti ng new people.
55
Choose the correct answer:
1- He introduces myself (for-at-with-to) everyone who comes to the show.
2- Our team (played-made-scored-won) three goals in the final match.
3- Thank you very much (for-on-at-to) talking to me.
4- He (pays-posts-earns-gives) a lot of money from his work as a businessman.
5- Mr Harry is (at-from-by-of) London.
6- At the weekend, our team (scored-did-made-won) an important match.
7- Don't look! (Close-Open-Lock-See) your eyes! I've got a present for you.
8- I (took-received-gave-delivered) a letter from my uncle this morning. He's in Spain.
9- Ibrahim and his friend enjoy (making-receiving-doing-playing) tennis.
10- Ibrahim (played-won-made-did) the school prize for science.
11- Ibrahim and his friend often (do-make-work-stay) their homework together.
12- He (received-sent-took-made) his father an e-mail to tell him the good news.
13- Ibrahim is better (in-on-about-at) maths than his friend.
14- Ibrahim and his friend both enjoy (swim-swimming-to swim-swam) and athletics.
15- I like (as-similar-same-the same) music as you.
16- I'd like to extend my stay for (other-another-others-the other) two weeks.
17- Some people are (calm-difficult-angry-surprised). Others get excited very easily.
18- He is always nervous and worries (at-of-about-with) everything.
19- Samy and Ali are best friends. They are (like-similar-alike-such as) brothers.
20- He works in New York, but he also (makes-introduces-does-goes) shows all over
America.
21- My elder brother is good at (play-played-plays-playing) tennis.
22- Although they are friends they often disagree (with-at-about-on) each other.
23- Last year we went (to-on-by-for) holiday in Alexandria.
24- When I (feel-fall-fill-fell) tired, I go to bed early.
25- He is a (relaxation-relaxing-relax-relaxed) person, but I get excited very easily.
Rewri te usi ng the word(s) i n brackets to gi ve the same meani ng:
1- Ali and Hani are the same age. (asas)
2- Rania is as tall as Amany. (the same)
3- He helped me. I thanked him. (for)
4- Aliaa differs from Ola in character. (different)
5- He promised to help me. (made)
Grammar Revi ew
Present simple Tense

' I / we / you / they s / es he / she
/ it
- I / We / You / They play football everyday.
- He / She / It drinks water every day.
'
- The sun rises in the east.
- Nurses look after sick people.
'
56
every day / twice a week / on Sundays / always / usually
/ often / sometimes / rarely / never / ever / frequently /
occasionally
Past Simple Tense

? .
play played eat ate
?
.
? used to .
? :
yesterday -ago - last. ... - in the past
once - once upon a time - one day
in 2007 from + + to + When I was - How long ago - for
Past Continuous Tense

' was / were + v. + ing
' .
- Between six and half past six this morning, I was havi ng breakfast.
' .
- I was havi ng a shower when the phone rang.
' .
- While father was watchi ng TV, mother was cooki ng in the kitchen.
' while / as / just as
-Whi l e (As / Just as) he was l eavi ng the house, the phone rang.
' when .
-I was studyi ng English when the lights went out.
-The lights went out when I was studyi ng English.
' because .
- Magdi coul dn t hear the phone because he was havi ng a shower.
' :

Whi l e + v. + i ng
Duri ng + v. + i ng / noun
-Whi l e I was havi ng lunch, the phone rang. (During)
Duri ng havi ng lunch, the phone rang.
Duri ng my l unchti me, the phone rang.
Past Perfect Tense
57
Form:
' had + p.p .
- After he had eaten his lunch, he drank tea.
Usage:
' .
- When I got home, my mother had washed and ironed my clothes.
After + subject + past perfect + past simple
After + v. + ing + past simple
Having + pp + past simple
- First he read the novel. Then he watched TV. (After / Having)
After he had read the novel, he watched TV.
After reading the novel, he watched TV.
Having read the novel, he watched TV.
As soon as + subject + past perfect + past simple
-First he found a place. Then he parked his car. (as soon as)
He parked his car as soon as he had found a place.
' when .
- When he arri ved, we had fi ni shed our dinner.
-When we had fi ni shed our dinner, he arri ved.
when / as soon as .
- When I heard the news on the radio, I phoned her.
- As soon as I heard the news on the radio, I phoned her.
Past si mpl e (negati ve) + ti l l / unti l + past perfect

It wasnt until + past perfect + that + past simple
-He found a place. Then he parked his car. (until / it wasnt until)
He di dn t park his car unti l he had found a place.
It wasnt until he had found a place that he parked his car.
Before + subject + past simple + past perfect
Before + v. + ing + past perfect
By the time +subject +past simple + past perfect
-First he read the novel. Then he watched TV. (Before)
Before he watched TV, he had read the novel.
Before watching TV, he had read the novel.
-The police arrived but the thief escaped. (By the time)
By the ti me the police arri ved, the thief had escaped.
' by .
-By l ast Friday, he had fi ni shed the report.
58
' already/ just / never / yet .
-When we arri ved at the cinema, the film had al ready started.
- He told me he had al ready done his homework.
- She had just got home when I phoned her.
no sooner than
subject + had + hardly + p.p. when +past simple
scarcely when
- They finished painting our new house. We moved into it.
(no soonerthan / hardly..when)
They had no sooner fi ni shed painting our new house than we moved into it.
They had hardl y fi ni shed painting our new house when we moved into it.
' no sooner/hardly /scarcely had ) pp (
' no sooner/hardly/scarcely .
No sooner than
Hardly + had + subject + p.p.+ when + past simple
Scarcely when
- They had finished painting our new house. We moved into it.
(No sooner..than / Hardlywhen)
No sooner had they fi ni shed painting our new house than we moved into it.
Hardl y had they fi ni shed painting our new house when we moved into it.
1- He was born in Cairo and (was living-had lived-has lived-lived) there until he was 17.
2- If I lose your CD, I (will-would-could-might) buy you a new one.
3- Most children in the world (helps-helping-has helped-help) their parents at home.
4- At a show a week ago, he (had forgotten-forgot-was forgetting-forgets) someone's
name for a few seconds.
5- While Dickens (was working-worked-had worked-working) as a journalist, he was
writing stories for a magazine.
6- If I (lose-lost-had lost-lost) my homework, I would do it again.
7- After he had had his breakfast, he (went-goes-had gone-was going to school.
8- Ali (used-is used-used to-uses to) play tennis when he was at school.
9- If I (am-were-had been-have been) hungry, I'd have something to eat.
10- He had found a place before (parked-parking-had parked-parks) his car.
11- I often (go-goes-had gone-have gone) to school on foot.
12- The ancient Egyptians (have built-built-had built-build) the Pyramids thousands of
years ago.
13- If I (have-had-had had-will have) a headache, I usually take medicine.
14- He (doesn't watch-didn't watch-hadn't watched-hasn't watched) television until he
had read the novel.
15- When I reached the station, the train (had-has-have-having) already left.
16- I did not have any money because I (lost-was losing-has lost-had lost) my wallet.
59
17- By the time Alex finished his studies, he (had been-was-has been-was being) in
London for over eight years.
18- She had never seen a bear before she (had moved-moved-has moved-moving) to
Alaska.
19- She (has-have-having-had just) prepared dinner when her husband called and said
that he would be late.
20- We (had never seen-have never seen-didn't see-never saw) such beautiful white
beaches before we went to Australia.
21- When he had gone, I (go-went-had gone-was going) back into the house.
22- They didn't want to leave until they (had seen-saw-have seen-seeing) all the
paintings.
1- He looked at the man. He remembered his name. (When)
2- He doesn't work hard, so he won't succeed. (If)
3- I had my dinner. Then I went to see a movie. (After)
4- Magdi watched television. He finished his homework. (As soon as)
5- He can't join the army because he is short. (If)
6- Samira cleaned the kitchen. Samira's mother thanked her. (After)
7- Zeinab felt ill. She ate ten bananas. (after)
8- You must take the medicine or you won't get better. (If)
Test
1- Fi ni sh the fol l owi ng di al ogue:
Mohamed: What's your memory like?
Hassan : . .
Mohamed: Are you good at remembering names?
Hassan : .
Mohamed: Can you remember people's names easily?
Hassan : .
Mohamed: .?
Hassan : No, I'm terrible at maths?
1- It's very hot. Your friend asks you to open the window.
2- You ask your brother to post a letter for you.
3- You meet someone for the first time.
4- You ask your teacher to repeat the answer.
3- Choose the correct answer from a, b, c, or d:
1- My brother .. a lot of money from his job as a pilot.
a) pays b) earns c) costs d) gives
2- Before his shows start, the man . himself to everyone who comes in.
a) says b) introduces c) names d) remembers
60
3- If I . a camera, I would take a photo of the family party.
a) had b) have c) has d) would have
4- If you very fast, you'll catch your train.
a) ran b) running c) runs d) run
5- My brother a goal in a school football match yesterday.
a) played b) scored c) won d) received
6- If I felt tired, I'd go to bed.........................
a) early b) today c) later d) before
7- Someone who studies soil and rocks is called a....................
a) biologist b) astronaut c) geologist d) pilot
8- Someone who writes for a newspaper is called a ................ .
a) journalist b) novelist c) teacher d) biologist
9- Neil Armstrong ................. on the moon in 1968.
a) walk b) walks c) walked d) walking
10- While he ................ as a journalist, Charles Dickens wrote magazine stories.
a) works b) working c) is working d) was working
4- Correct the underl i ned mi stakes i n the fol l owi ng paragraph:
I'd like to tell you about my best friend, Jonathan. I've
know him all my life. We used to play together when we
was very young. We go to the same school and
spendi ng most of our free time together. If I have a
problem of any kind, he always hel p me.
a) .
b) .
c) .
d)

Everyone knows Hossam Hassan. He is one of the best
Egyptian (a) of all time. He has scored more
(b).. than any other Egyptian footballer. Hossam was
(c) in Cairo in 1966. He started playing for Al-Ahly,
but he has played for other famous (d).. . He has
played in Switzerland and other (e). Hossam's
brother also played over 100 (f) for the Egyptian
international team, but is now retired.
a) .
b) .
c) .
d) .
e) .
f) .


One day last week, a small red plane landed in a field near Tarek's house in Al-
Minya. As soon as he saw it, Tarek phoned his friend Gamal and told him what had
happened. Gamal was very interested and immediately went to Tarek's house. When
he arrived, the boys went to the field to look at the plane.
Two men were climbing out of it and when they saw the two boys, they
shouted, "Come over here!" One of the men asked the boys where they were,
because they had no idea where their plane had landed. Tarek and Gamal told them
that they had landed near Al-Minya. The two men asked the boys if they could use
their telephone to get help.
61
After the boys had helped the men, Tarek took them back to his house. When
they had told Tarek's father what had happened, one of the men phoned the plane
rescue company. After a short time, a large lorry arrived, picked up the men and their
plane and drove away. Suddenly, the field looked very empty.
1- When did this story happen?
2- What does it refer to in this sentence, "Two men were climbing out of it..."?
3- Why did the men from the red plane ask the boys where they were?
4- How do you think Tarek and Gamal felt at the end of this story? Why?
B) Choose the correct answer from a, b, c, or d:
5- How did Gamal feel when Tarek told him about the plane?
a) frightened b) interested c) tired d) happy
6- Who did the boys tell about the red plane?
a) Tarek's father b) the police c) Gamal d) another friend
7- When did the boys go to the field?
a) as soon as Tarek saw the plane
b) after Gamal arrived at Tarek's house
c) after the men climbed out of the plane
d) before Tarek arrived
7- Answer onl y Four (4) of the fol l owi ng questi ons:
1- Why did Oliver Twist run away to London?
2- Who did Oliver work with in London?
3- Do you think Fagin is a good or bad person? Give a reason.
4- How did Mr Brownlow help Oliver?
5- How do you think Oliver felt when he discovered that Monks was his half brother?
Give a reason.
6- Do you think the rest of Oliver's life was happy or not? Give a reason.
E) Wri ti ng

8- Wri te a paragraph seven (7) sentences about one of your best
fri ends:
F) Transl ati on
1- The ancient Egyptians were clever engineers.
2- My father is an engineer in a car factory.

62
Unit 4 People and Their lives 1
st
Year Secondary
Tapescript
[1] My name's Pete. I'm British but I've lived in Australia since 1998. I live with my wife,
Chris, and our two .children, Nathan and Katy. I teach biology at Perth University. My wife
leaches English. Haitian is in his last year at school, and our daughter, Katy, is at university
studying medicine. She's been there for two years, so she will finish in three years. We're a
very sporty family -1 play squash three limes a week, and. we all like sailing. In our free
lime, Chris and 1 work for a children's charily. We lake children with disabilities on trips at
the weekends.
[2] Hi. I'm Rana. I'm from Cairo and I'm studying Chinese at the university here. I've just
finished my first year. My brother, Mohamed, is also at the university here. He's doing
architecture. When he is older, he would like to design a new government building in
Cairo. We have two sisters, Heba and Nesma, who are both in the third year at secondary
school. After I graduate, I want to work as an interpreter. If I can 'I do that, I'd like to
work in television perhaps. on a news programme. I'm very busy
al the moment. but when I have some free time. I spend it at home with my family.
[3] Stefan: I'm Stefan. I'm sixteen, I 'in Italian and I'm a student. I live with my family in
a small town in northern Italy. My father's Italian. but he was born in Australia and lived
there for the first 18 years of his life. He's a geography teacher At a school in Florence. He's
worked there for over twenty years. My mothers Swedish. She is the manager of a hold in
our town; I have two older sisters, Anna and Clara. Everyone in our family speaks English,
Swedish and Italian. We visit our Swedish grandparents every two' years, but our Italian
grandparents live with us. They're very old, so we all have to help them. I read the
newspaper to my grandfather every
[4] My name is Lili. I'm fifteen years old and I live in the capital of China, Beijing. I'm al
school, 50 I still live with my parents in an apartment in Beijing. 1 don't have any brothers
or sisters There are many small families in China. My father is a doctor and my mother
doesn't work. My first language is Mandarin, which is the most common language in the
world, with nearly a billion speakers. I really love sports. Table tennis is my favourite
game, but I also play basketball. I've never travelled outside China, but I have seen a giant
panda in the mountains, .
The world's best swimmer
Abu-Heif was one of the best Egyptian athletes ever. In 2001, lie won a prize as
the best swimmer of the 20th century. Abdel-Latif Abu-Heif was born in 1929 in the
Anfoushi area of Alexandria. His father was a primary school teacher and Abu-Heif
was the tenth of twelve sons in the family. As a boy, he spent a lot of his time
swimming in the sea. At the age often, he won the Egyptian primary school
swimming championship. After this, he moved to Cairo and trained at al-Ahli Club.
In 1951, Abu-Heif became internationally famous when he swam across the English
Channel. In 1953, he crossed the Channel again. This time lie broke the record by
crossing in 13 hours and 45 minutes. When he returned to Egypt, the people
welcomed him as a national hero. Abu-Heif continued to train for seven hours a day
and to swim in long-distance races all over the world. In 1963, in Toronto, he beat
Harry William, one of the greatest swimmers in the world. In the same year, he won
the Montreal swimming race after he swam for 30 hours without a break. All the
other swimmers had given up because they were exhausted. Egypt was so. proud of
its world famous swimmer that they gave his name to a beach at al-Anfoushi. In
1966, Abu-Heif decided to retire from swimming. However, President Nasser asked
him to think again. So Abu-Heif continued to swim and win prizes until 1975, when
he finally retired at the age of 46. Abu-Heif was also famous for his generosity. He
gave his prize money for swimming the English Channel to the family of a British
63
swimmer who had drowned while he was crossing the Channel. Abu-Heif died in
April 2008.
"Crocodile of the Nile"
breaks record crossing Channel
Yesterday, Abdel-Lalif Abu-Heif, 22, from Alexandria in Egypt, broke the world
record for swimming across the English Channel; Abu-Heif swam the 32 kilometers
between England and France in 13 hours and 45 minutes. This is the narrowest
part of English Channel
The first person who swam across the Channel was Matthew Webb in 1875
crossing took 21 hours and 45
Listening
daughter finish
at university win
medicine crocodile
sporty family recently
sailing restaurant
interpreter plane
translator ride
with disability marry
at the weekend
capital
manager work as
grandparent travel
apartment secondary
giant mountain
types in the third year
architecture graduate
design town
building Swedish
historical places first language
Reading
beat break a record
exhausted resign
proud qualities
swimming pool proud of
championship prize
exhaustion - drown
break a record
ability
area incredible
primary make sure
64
move powerful
professional determination
relaxation loyalty
generousity achievements
hero break a promise
stop sporting hero
retired even
train get into
channel sympathize
national characteristic
welcome report
return headlines
enjoyment against
trainer nickname
athletes sportsmen
score a goal match
the youngest world cup final
omit repeat
Expressi ons & Idi oms
live in after a request from
live with move to
at university at the age of
in three years play a sport
work for all over the world
do architecture in the same year
take on trips .... without a break
at a hotel graduate from
on a news program give his name to
be from retire from
in the third year give up
at secondary school save from ....
at home go for a walk
spend time with name after
go to England in the world
change . into .... go into hospital
be married to hear of
break a record for find out
proud of lose against
swim across pleased with
sum up / end with
Word Fami l i es
65
Noun Verb Adjective
disagreement disagree / disagreeable
enjoyment enjoy enjoyable
generosity / x generous /
hero x heroic
helper help helpful /
helpless
pride x proud
relaxation relax Relaxing

trainer train x
Language Notes
i nterpreter / transl ator:
i nterpreter: .
- I want to work as an i nterpreter.
transl ator:
- My uncle is a transl ator; he translates documents, and official papers.
pri ze / present:
pri ze: ) )
- He won the race and got the first pri ze.
present: ) )
- I receive a lot of presents on my birthday.
beat / wi n:
wi n: (a championship / a race / a competition / a match / a game / a
prize) /
beat: (someone / a team (
teach / l earn
teach:
- She taught English to foreign students.
learn:
- They l earn Russian at school.
hi stori c / hi stori cal
hi stori c: (famous or important in history)
hi stori c building / place / event / day / date
hi stori cal: (connected with the study of history)
hi stori cal research / papers / studies / plays /
films / novels
reti re / resi gn:
reti re:
- Since reti ri ng from the company, she has done voluntary work for a charity.
resi gn:
- He resi gned from the company in order to take a more challenging job.
66
l i ke + v. + i ng:
- I l i ke sai l i ng in my free time.
enjoy + v. + i ng:
- I enjoy meeti ng new people.
chi l dren wi th di sabi l i ti es: children who suffer from disabilities
- We should take care of chi l dren wi th di sabi l i ti es. (who)
We should take care of chi l dren who suffer from di sabi l i ti es.
spend + + v. + i ng:
- He spent two hours pl ayi ng the piano.
deci de + to + i nf. :
- He deci ded to buy a new mobile.
at the age of:
- Abu-Heif broke a record when he was 17. (age)
Abu-Heif broke a record at the age of 17.
so . that:
+ + so + + that +
- He was very strong. He could carry the heavy box. (so.that)
He was so strong that he could carry the heavy box.
such that:
+ + such + a/an + + that +
- It was a very exciting film. I saw it many times. (such..that)
It was such an exci ti ng fi l m that I saw it many times.
What about + v. + i ng?:
= Why don' t we / you + i nf. ?:
= Let' s + i nf. ?
- Let' s go to the club? (What / Why)
What about goi ng to the club?
Why don' t we go to the club?
1- What do you know about Abu-Hei f?
- He was one of the best Egyptian athletes. In 2001, he won a prize as the best
swimmer of the 20th century.
2- What pri ze di d Abu-Hei f wi n i n 2001?
- He won a prize as the best swimmer of the 20th century.
3- When and where was Abu-Hei f born?
- He was horn in 1929 in the Anfoushi area of Alexandria.
4- What was Abu-Hei f' s father?
- He was a primary school teacher.
5- How many brothers di d Abu-Hei f have?
67
- He had eleven brothers.
6- As a boy, how di d Abu-Hei f spend a l ot of hi s ti me?
- As a boy, he spent a lot of his time swimming in the sea.
7- What di d Abu-Hei f wi n that the age of ten?
- At the age of ten, he won the Egyptian primary school swimming championship.
8- Where di d Abu-Hei f move to after wi nni ng the pri mary school
champi onshi p?
- He moved to Cairo.
9- Where di d Abu-Hei f trai n when he moved to Cai ro?
- He trained at al-Ahli Club.
10- When and why di d Abu-Hei f become i nternati onal l y famous?
- In 1951, Abu-Heif became internationally famous because he swam across the
English Channel.
11-When di d Abu-Hei f swi m across the Engl i sh Channel for the fi rst ti me?
- He swam across the English Channel for the first time in 1951.
12-When di d Abu-Hei f break the worl d record for swi mmi ng across the
Engl i sh Channel ?
- He broke the world record for swimming across the English Channel in 1953 in 13
hours and 45 minutes.
13- How di d peopl e wel come Abu-Hei f when he returned to Egypt?
- When he returned to Egypt, people welcomed him as a national hero.
14- How many hours di d Abu-Hei f trai n per day?
- He trained for seven hours per day.
15- Who di d Abu-Hei f beat i n 1963?
- He beat Harry William, one of the greatest swimmers in the world in 1963.
16- What di d Abu-Hei f wi n i n 1963?
- He won the Montreal swimming race after he swam for 30 hours without a break.
17- Why di d al l the other swi mmers gi ve up the Montreal Race?
- Because they were exhausted.
18- How di d Egypt show i t was proud of Abu-Hei f?
- It named a beach after him at al-Anfoushi.
19- When di d Abu-Hei f deci de to reti re?
- He decided to retire in 1966.
20- Who di scouraged Abu-Hei f from reti ri ng i n 1966?
- President Nasser discouraged Abu-Heif from retiring in 1966.
21- When di d Abu-Hei f reti re?
- He retired at the age of 46.
22- What was Abu-Hei f famous for?
68
- He was famous for being a world-famous swimmer and Egypt's greatest athlete of all
time. He was also famous for his generosity.
23- How was Abu-Hei f generous?
- He gave his prize money for swimming the English Channel to the family of a British
swimmer who had drowned while he was crossing the Channel. He also gave money
to the family of a French swimmer who injured his back during a race in France.

24- What qual i ti es di d Abu-Hei f have that made hi m such a great
man?
- He was generous, sympathetic, and loyal to his country.
25- When di d Abu-Hei f di e?
- He died in April 2008.
26- What makes someone a nati onal hero l i ke Abu-Hei f?
- They become well-known across the world for their achievements.
27- Why di d Abu-Hei f go i nto hospi tal i n 2006?
- Because he had a weak heart.
28- Why di d doctors and sci enti sts come to Egypt to study Abu-Hei f?
- Because they wanted to know what made him such a powerful swimmer.
29- Do you thi nk Egypti ans shoul d have honoured Abu-Hei f more i n
ol d age? How?
- Yes, by visiting him more often, conducting interviews more with him, etc.
30- Who was the fi rst person to swi m across the Engl i sh Channel ?
- The first person to swim across the English Channel was Matthew Webb.
Language Functi ons
Suggesti ng

- Lets + inf..
- What about + v. + ing.?
- Why dont we + inf?
- Shall we + inf?
- I suggest + v. + ing.
- Would you like + to + inf?
Agreei ng :
- Its a good idea. / Id love to.
- That sounds nice.
Refusi ng:
- Im sorry, Im afraid I cant.
- Im afraid Im busy.
Invi ti ng
- Come and + inf.. .

- I invite you to + inf. ..
- Id like to invite you to + inf.
- Would you like to + inf
- May I invite you to + inf.
- Will you join us?
- How about + v. + ing.
Agreei ng :
- Thank you. Id love to.
- Id be pleased to come.
- Great idea.
Refusi ng :
- Im sorry Im busy.
-Id love to but Im afraid I cant.
Aski ng
for
opi ni on

- What do you think of.?
- Whats your opinion of?
- What about + V. + ing.?
- How do you like.?
Approvi ng :
- Its wonderful/interesting.
- I like it very much.
Di sapprovi ng :
- It s boring/expensive
69
1- You ask your friend about his opinion of your new mobile.
2- You suggest going to the club.
3- You invite your friend to have dinner with you.
4- You are unable to accept your friend's invitation to dinner.
5- Your friend suggests going to the cinema. You agree.
Exercises
1) Abu Heif was one of the best Egyptian athletes .... .
a) even b) ever c) yet d) lately
2) In 2001, he won a prize .......... the best swimmer of the 20
th
century.
a) because b) like c) as d) for
3) His father was a .......... school teacher
a) prime b) first c) primary d) superior
4) Abu-Heif was the tenth ......... twelve sons in the family
a) of b) about c) for d) as
5) He spent a lot of his time ............ in the sea
a) swum b) swam c) swim d) swimming
6) As a world-famous swimmer and Egypt's greatest ............... of all time .
a) minister b) athlete c) boss d) manager
7) His ............... as a swimmer was so incredible .
a) capable b) enable c) ability d) disability
8) Thank you for your------------ as you gave me money when I was in need.
a) honesty b) generous c) generosity d) pride
9) He became a---------as he had saved a boys life.
a) champion b) hero c) character d) prisoner
10). Our family play games; they are a very -----------family.
a) sporty b) lazy c) careless d) idle
11) Children with disabilities need---------- help!
a) industry b) charity c) army d) commentary
12) An architect---------------- new buildings.
a) paints b) points c) writes d) designs
13) . She has just--------------- from university.
a) succeeded b) graduated c ) honoured d) graded
14) --------- is Someone who changes the spoken words of one language to another
a) a transmitter b) an interpreter c) a translator d) an author
15) Someone whose job is to change writing into a different language is---------
a) an author b) a novelist c) a translator d) an interpreter
16) To ......... means to be more successful than other people in a game or a competition.
a) win b) earn c) gain d) beat
17) To ......... a record means to do something faster than it has ever been done before .
a) break b) track c) beak d) take
18) The word " ............ " means " extremely tired " .
a) fascinated b) surprised c) bored d) exhausted
19) When you are happy to give money or time to help someone , this shows your ........... .
a) generosity b) generous c) cruelty d) cruel
20) ........... is someone admired for doing something very brave or good .
a) A hero b) An archaeologist c) An athlete d) A character
70
21) He moved ......... Cairo and trained at Al-Ahli Club.
a) of b) to c) for d) as
22) In 1951, Abu-Heif became ............... famous
a) universal b) international c) internationally d) national
23) He swam ............... the English Channel.
a) of b) across c) for d) as
24) This time he ............... the record by crossing in 13 hours and 45 minutes .
a) took b) caught c) broke d) brought
25) When he returned to Egypt, people welcomed him as a national .......... .
a) champion b) hero c) heroine d) giant
26) Abu-Heif continued ............ for seven hours a day .
a) to training b) trained c) to train d) of training
27) He used to swim in long-distance ......... all over the world .
a) prices b) rice c) races d) phrases
28) He ........ Harry William, one of the greatest swimmers in the world.
a) won b) earned c) gained d) beat
29) ........... the same year, he won the Montreal swimming race .
a) In b) Across c) For d) As
30) He swam for 30 hours without a ........... .
a) break b) track c) beak d) take
31) All the other swimmers had given .......... .
a) of b) across c) for d) up
32) Egypt was so .......... of its world famous swimmer .
a) pride b) beard c) browse d) proud
33) They ........... his name to a beach at al- Anfoushi .
a) took b) gave c) cut d) stuck
34) In 1966, Abu-Heif decided ............ from swimming .
a) to retire b) retiring c) of retiring d) for retiring
35) Abu-Heif was also famous for ............. .
a) generosity b) generous c) cruelty d) cruel
36) He gave his prize money ........ swimming the English Channel to the family .
a) of b) across c) for d) as
37) A British swimmer had ............... while he was crossing the Channel.
a) downed b) hurt c) injured d) drowned
38) A French swimmer ............... his back during a race in France .
a) downed b) hurt c) injured d) drowned
39) ........... someone who is good at sports
a) A hero b) An archaeologist c) An athlete d) A character
40) People like those who are .............. .
a) miserly b) generous c) stupid d) thoughtless
41) They wanted to know what made him such a ............... swimmer .
a) weak b) energy c) powerful d) stupid
42) For many year, Abu-Heif was not seen on television or read .......... in papers.
a) of b) across c) for d) about
43) In 2006, at the age of 79, he went into hospital because he had a ......... heart.
a) weak b) energy c) powerful d) stupid
44) Abu-Heif was Egypt's greatest ............... hero .
a) local b) sported c) locally d) sporting
45) Some younger people do not ............... know his name .
a) even b) ever c) yet d) lately
71
46) Abu-Heif was Egypt's greatest sporting .......... .
a) heroically b) heroic c) heroine d) hero
47) The way Abu-Heif swam the race was ........... .
a) heroically b) heroic c) heroine d) hero
48) A ............ is an organization for helping people in need .
a) charity b) share c) bank d) market
49) The October War has been the greatest ............. in our modern history .
a) accident b) crash c) event d) occasion
50) Children with .......... are given great care by the government in Egypt .
a) abilities b) disabilities c) capabilities d)incapable
51) Abu Heif was called ........... of the Nile .
a) giraffe b) hippo c) crocodile d) snake
52) "Mandarin" is one of the common ............. in the world .
a) animals b) sports c) languages d) foods
53) The English ............ lies between France and Britain .
a) Canal b) Channel c) River d) Stream
each space:
I am married with three children. We are a ....(1).... family. My wife and I play squash.
My ....(2)..... are very good swimmers. They always take part in long- distance ....(3)......
They sometimes ....(4)..... medals. My wife plays squash ...(5)..... than I do. She always
....(6)..... me when we play together.
Translation
1- Abu Heif won a prize as the best swimmer in the 20th century in 2001.
2- The Egyptians welcomed Abu Heif as a national hero when he broke the record for
crossing the English Channel.
3- As a generous man, Abu Heif gave his prize money for swimming across the English
Channel to the family of a British swimmer who drowned while crossing it.
B- Translate into English:
1 .
2 .
3 .
4 .
Grammar Study
The Present Perfect Tense

: Have, has + p.p
I have just written the report. She has already cleaned the house.
:
1 : -
72
I have lost my key. (I can't open the door)
He has just arrived
2 . -
I have lived in Tanta for 20 years = I still live in Tanta
I lived in Tanta for 20 years = I live somewhere else now .
3 - lately recently .
I haven't seen her lately.
4 - just already yet .
I have already phoned the doctor. I haven't phoned the doctor yet.
Have you yet finished your homework?
5 ) -- ever ) ( never . (
Have you ever been to Paris? No, I have never been to Paris
6 -
Since Already Up till now
For Just Ever
Lately Yet Never ( )
recently So far
4 Has, have been to +
C He has been to London (now he is in Egypt)
4 Has, have gone to +
CHe has gone to Italy (he is still there)
Since & For
Since for -
since .
She has learned English since 1995.
since .
+ since +
She has been in bed since she arrived home.
He has been studying since he returned from school.
:
Since
For
Since 7 o'clock For 2 hours
Since 2000 For 5 years
Since yesterday For a day - one day
Since last night For a night - the last night
Since April For 2 months
Since Friday For five days
Since then For ages , along time
Since spring For a season
Since his arrival For years a while
:
73
1 - since when :
I last saw her when she was a child. (Since) I haven't seen her since she was a child.
since & for (ago) 2) )
+ ( began to) +.+ + ago
He has worked in Italy since 2000 . ( ago ) He began to work in Italy eight years ago
3 - just a moment ago :
She left home a moment ago. She has just left home.
Its 5 years since he worked as a teacher.
It's + period of time + since + subject + past simple.
4 - for ago
The last time I met her was 2 months ago
I haven't seen her for 2 months.
( 5 ( not / never before :
Its the first time + ( have /has) +ever +p.p
I have not eaten shrimps before . ---------- Its the first time I have ever eaten shrimps .
( 6 ( ago just ago
He came a moment ago . ( just ) --------------- # He has just come .
( 7 ( just ago
short time ago / a moment ago
He has just finished his work . ( ago ) He finished his work a moment ago .
( 8 ( never / not ( / )
+ ( have /has) +ever +p.p
*I have never seen a man better than Ramy.
*Ramy is the best man I have ever seen.
* No man of those I have seen is better than Ramy.

Have been + v. i ng Has been + v. i ng
He has been sleeping since he arrived. It has been raining for 2 hours.
-
:
For----------now Since --------------still
For ---------still All +
So far ------now hasn't stopped finished yet
She has been doing the housework since 7.30 and she hasn't finished yet.
He (study studied has been studying has studied) English for 2 years now.
-
He has (written been writing) 6 reports since last night.
- .
Travel work wait live stay sleep learn - ---------------
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- .
Believe forget hate know like mean understand seem prefer own ---
Exercises On Grammar
1- Have you met the manager ..................?
a) just b) yet c) never d) since
2- Dalia has practised her hobby ........ a long time.
a) since b)for c) recently d)ago
3- Reham .......... London recently.
a) visits b) has visited c) is visiting d) visit
4- They ........... to the USA. They are in Cairo now.
a) has been b) have gone c) have been d) going
5- She ............ for work an hour ago.
a) has left b)left c) is leaving d) will leave
6- The writer ......... his book yet.
a) has finished b) didn't finish c) isn't finished d) hasn't finished
7- Samir and Nagy ............... friends all their lives.
a) were b) have been c) has been d) will be
8-1 have known him ........ we joined the university.
a) for b) since c) already d)just
9- Noha has ............. cleaned her room. It looks nice now.
a) already b)yet c) never d)ever
10-Adel............. from university in 2003.
a) has graduated b) graduated c) will graduate d) graduates
11-We .......... in Cairo since 1970.
a) living b) lived c) have lived d) are living
12-The manager has met many people since he ............. at his office.
a) has arrived b) arrived c) is arriving d) will arrive
13-He ........... come back home.
a) just has b) already has c) has just d) never
14-When ........... you last see him?
a) did b)have c)are d)were
15-I've ......... been to Europe. I wish I could.
a) just b) never c) already d)yet
2- Rewrite the following sentences :-
1- I've written to my pen friend for 3 years. (since)
2- She went shopping a moment ago. (has)
3- How long ago did you start playing football? (How long have)
4-1 have studied English since 2000. (for)
5-1 really did all my jobs. (already)
6- They moved to Cairo in I9SU and still live mere. (since)
7- Nabil started playing computer games at 2 pm. It's 5 pm now. (for)
General Exercises
1 - Finish the following dialogue:
Samir and Ramy are talking about Mohamed Zidan.
Samir : Have you seen Zidan's goals in Ghana?
Ramy : Yes, of course. ........(1)................................................................................?
Samir : He plays for Hamburg in Germany.
Ramy : ...........(2)..................................................................................... in. Ghana?
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Samir : He scored 4 goals.
Ramy :................(3)..................................................................................................?
Samir : The best was the goal he scored in Cameroon team.
Ramy : How can Zidan be useful to Egypt?
Samir : ..(4)............................................................................
2- Write what you would say in each of the following
situations:
1- You ask your friend about what Abu-Heif had done.
2- You ask your teacher what people should do in order not to forget heroes of the past.
3- You ask your teacher where Abu- Heif was born.
4- You want to know where Dr El-Baz works.
F- Translation
10 - A- Translate into Arabic:
1- Abu- Heif gave his prize money for swimming the English Channel to the family of a
British swimmer who had drowned while crossing the English Channel.
2- Egypt was so proud of its world famous swimmer that they gave his name to the beach at
Al Anfoushi.
B- Translate into English:
.
Test 4
A)Language Functi ons
1-Fi ni sh the fol l owi ng di al ogue:
Anwar and Ibrahim meet for the first time on a train. They introduce themselves to
each other.
Ibrahim: Hi, I'm Ibrahim from Cairo. ..?
Anwar : Anwar, and I'm from Alexandria.
Ibrahim: ?
Anwar : I'm nearly nineteen.
Ibrahim: ..?
Anwar : I'm a student at the university.
Ibrahim: .?
Anwar : I'd like to be a teacher.
1- Your grandfather admires Abu-Heif. You want to know why.
2- Someone asks you what your favourite hobby is.
3- You are invited to a party but you can't go.
4- Your sister bought a new shirt. She asks your opinion.
3-Choose the correct answer from a, b, c, or d:
1- Ahmed, Ali and Ashraf all live .. the same flat.
a) on b) with c) in d) about
2- I'm hoping to .. maths when I go to university.
76
a) make b) go c) see d) study
3- My sister is a new doctor. She has just .. from the Faculty of Medicine.
a) studied b) graduated c) joined d) finished
4- Athletes must work with a good to perform well.
a) training b) train c) trainer d) trainee
5- Salma in Tanta since 2004.
a) lived b) lives c) is living d) has lived
6- He has worked in this school .. more than twenty years.
a) since b) in c) for d) at
7- Mr and Mrs Mohamed are and husband.
a) son b) father c) brother d) husband
8- I couldn't run any farther because I was completely .
a) tired b) exhausting c) tiring d) exhausted
9- She has known him .. she was a child.
a) since b) for c) when d) ago
10- When the employee reaches the age of 60, he / she .
a) recycles b) retires c) starves d) survives.
the same meani ng:
1- My uncle works in Brazil. He started working there three years ago. (for)
2- This is the first time I've ever traveled by air. (never)
3- Abu-Heif won the Egyptian primary schools championship at the age of ten.
(when)
4- I haven't eaten fish since I was in Alexandria. (since)
Lili is a fifteen-year-old Chinese girl. She lives in the (1) of China,
Beijing. She is still at school, so she lives with her (2) in a flat in Beijing.
Her first (3) is Mandarin, which is the most (4).. language in the
world. She loves (5).., especially table tennis and basketball. She has
never (6) outside China, but she hopes to visit Europe one day.
6-Read the fol l owi ng passage, then answer the questi ons:
A few months ago, the pilot of a small plane had an unusual flight. A strong wind
blew the plane sideways, and it touched the top of a tree. Both wheels of the plane
were knocked off but the plane did not crash.
The pilot sent a radio message to the airport. He did not know how to land
without wheels. The airport controller promised to help the pilot. He telephoned the
airport firemen and told them what to do.
A fireman saw a long open lorry. It was waiting at the airport building to collect
some goods. The fireman borrowed it and drove to one end of the airport runway.
Then he turned round and waited for the plane to come. The airport controller sent a
radio message to the pilot. He told him to land on top of the lorry. The fireman drove
quickly along the runway and the pilot flew down to land. Luckily, he managed to land
on the lorry. Part of the lorry was damaged and the tail of the plane was broken but
nobody was injured. The fireman slowed the lorry down and then stopped. The pilot
was very grateful. He gladly agreed to pay for the damage of the lorry.
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1- Why did the pilot send a radio message to the airport?
2- How was the fireman able to save the pilot?
3- What did the airport controller do to help the pilot?
4- What does the underlined word "he" refer to?
5- There were (many-no-few-a lot of) passengers on the plane.
6-The pilot was grateful because (he landed safely-the lorry was damaged-the plane
was not damaged-he would pay for the damage).
7-After the adventure, the plane was in need of (a new tail only-two wheels only-a tail
and two wheels-a tail and four wheels).
7-Answer onl y Four (4) of the fol l owi ng questi ons:
1- What do you know about Abu-Heif?
2- What did Abu-Heif win that the age of ten?
3- When and why did Abu-Heif become internationally famous?
4- How did people welcome Abu-Heif when he returned to Egypt?
5- How did Egypt show it was proud of Abu-Heif?
6- How was Abu-Heif generous?
E) Wri ti ng
8-Wri te a paragraph of seven sentences about:
"Friendship".

F) Transl ati on
1- Have you ever visited Aswan?
2-Hard work and patience lead to success.

78
UNIT 5 Ernest Hemingway 1
st
year Secondary
Tape script
Hemingway was a very talented American writer. He had quite an ordinary childhood. He
was born in Chicago in 1899, and was the second of six children. His father was a doctor
and his mother was a music teacher. He really loved the outdoor life and spent a lot of time
walking, camping and fishing. He started to write at the age of 16. He started writing poems
and short stories for his school magazine. He usually wrote about his own life. He left
school at 18 and went to Italy to join the Red Cross. It was during the First World War. He
drove an ambulance. He was badly wounded there. He was the first American to be
wounded in the war. After the war he returned to America and married Hadley
Richardson.
In 1922 he and his wife went back to Europe (Paris) where he worked as a journalist,
reporting news stories of all kinds. He met many famous writers in Paris and soon
afterwards decided to give up journalism and write fiction. He wrote his first big novel "A
farewell to Arms" in 1929. It was a story of love in wartime Italy. Then he wrote a novel
called "For Whom the Bell Tolls?" in 1940. It was about the war in Spain. After that he
didn't write fiction for a few years because he became a journalist again and reported on the
Second World War. His next well-known book was "The old Man and the Sea", which was
shorter than his other novels and that was his most successful book. In 1953, he won the
Nobel Prize for Literature. For the rest of his life, he suffered from illness and died in 1961.
Reading
The OLD MAN and the SEA
An old fisherman Santiago, and his young apprentice, Manolin, had not caught a fish
nearly three months. Manolin had been told by his parents to work with a more successful
fisherman but Manolin liked the old man and visited him every evening to talk to him.
After 84 days with no fish, Santiago was sure he would catch something if he sailed a long
way out to sea so, on the 85
th
day, the old man set of alone, by I 2 o'clock on the first day, a
big fish marlin had taken Santiago's bait, but because the old man was not strong enough
to pull it to the boat, the marlin pulled the boat along. This continued for two days and
nights. The old man was in great pain because he had the fishing line round his body. 0n
the third day, the marlin was so tired that the old man managed to pull it to the side of the
boat and kill it. He started to sail home pulling the fish in the water behind the boat. He
thought about how much money people would pay for his huge fish, but then sharks
attacked the boat and tried to eat the marlin. The old man killed seven sharks, but during
the night, more sharks came and ate the marlin. Only its skeleton remained. When he got
back home, it was very early morning. The old man was completely exhausted and went to
bed. The other fisherman found Santiago's boat with the fish skeleton. Manolin was
worried about Santiago but was glad to find him sleeping at home. He brought him coffee
and newspapers, and the two men promised they Would go fishing together again one day.
Egyptian climbs Mount Everest!
On May 17th, 2007 Omar Samra became the first Egyptian to climb the highest
mountain in the world. According to Samra. the desire and pride of raising the Egyptian flag on
the highest points on earth' pushed him to climb Mountain Everest.
79
80 days on a lifeboat
In March 1992, Scott Freeman left England on a small boat he had built himself. Seven
days later, he sailed into a storm and his boat sank. Freeman was now in the sea on a 1.5 meter
lifeboat. He had only 2 kilos of food and four liters of water but he succeeded in living for 80
days.
During his weeks at sea. Freeman travelled 3ooo kilometers. Although he
caught fish, he lost weight and nearly died of hunger. He was also badly burned by the
sun, and his lifeboat was attacked by sharks.
Large boats passed without seeing him. Freeman managed to stay alive until he
was finally rescued.
Listening
Presenter Wartime
Journalist Novel
Talented Successful
Life Literature
Guest Ill ness
Knowledgeable Tent
Outdoor Fight
Subject Inside
Poem Outside
The Red Cross Outdoor life
Camping Extremely
Wound Grandfather
Wife Nearly
Give up The first world
war

Afterwards Runner
Ambulance Slow
Sort Fast
Ordinary fiction
Extraordinary True
Childhood Suffer from
Short stories Full
Join Cheap
Popular accident
Reading
Apprentice
Enormous
Bait Exhausted
Continue to Freezing
Fishing line Furious
Skeleton Terrible
Remain - Escape
Coffe Talk to
Set off Worry about
Pain Take bait
Enough Set off
80
Glad Manage to
Promise In great pain
Marline
Quotation
Pull Character
Boat Show
Sharks Fight against
Catch fish Dangerous
Parents Stamina
Sail Surviving
Alone Nature
Kill Will-power
Tired Endanger
Pay Summary
Brought Elements
Terrifying Headlines
Bones Main points

Human Lose
Feelings Desert
The highest desire
Storm Attack
Lifeboat Burn
Sank Hunger
Food lost weight
Pride Rise raise risen
Points Raise
Arise- arose - arisen arouse
knowledgeable on (about) sail into
go back to lose weight
report on / die of hunger
suffer from stay alive
tell about get back home
know about call on
have an accident according to /
sail out to sea in detail
catch fish do a job
be in great pain give up / /
pay for write about (on)
worried about hear about
fight against talk to
think of (about) attached to
lose his job consist of
Language Notes
on / at / i n:
81
on: on
on Friday on17th October 1961 on my birthday
on Christmas Day on the morning of on the first day
at: at
at 7 oclock at sunset at lunch time at midnight
at night at weekends at the end of at first
at the beginning of
i n:
( ) in
in October in 2004 in the 20
th
century in the past
in winter in the 1990s in the future in the end
in the morning / afternoon / evening in the middle of
i ndoor / i ndoors:
i ndoor (adj.): ) )
- Chess is an i ndoor game.
indoors (adv.): ) )
- He spent the whole day indoors.
outdoor / outdoors:
outdoor (adj.): ) )
- Football is an outdoor game.
outdoors (adv.): ) )
- He spent the whole day outdoors.
manage to / succeed in :
manage + to + :
succeed in + v. + ing:
- He managed to get the driving test. (succeeded)
- He succeeded in getting the driving test.
reason / cause:
reason for + noun / v. + i ng: /
- I dont know the reason for hi s fai l ure.
cause of:
- What was the cause of the fire?
go + v. + i ng:
- go fishing - go swimming
- go camping - go walking
go for + a / an + :
- go for a swim - go for a drive
spend + ti me + v. + i ng:
- He spent many years studyi ng medicine
keep + v. + i ng: /
- He keeps tryi ng to deceive me.
wi thout + v. + i ng:
82
- He entered the house. He wasn't seen by anybody. (without)
He entered the house without being seen by anybody.
learn + how to + / to + :
learn ) (how to + ) (to +
- I'm learning (how) to play the piano.
capabl e of + v. + i ng:
- Ali can climb any tree. (capable)
Ali is capabl e of cl i mbi ng any tree.
' most + adj. = very + adj. :
- The article Ive just read was very interesting. (most)
- The article Ive just read was most interesting.
Questions and answers
1.What kind of childhood did Ernest Hemingway have?
He had a happy childhood. He loved the outdoor life and spent a lot of time walking,
camping, and fishing.
2.What sort of family did Ernest Hemingway come from?
He had quite an ordinary childhood. He was the second of six children. His father was
a doctor and his mother was a music teacher.
3.Why did Ernest Hemingway go to Italy?
To join the Red Cross during the First World War.
4.What did he do in Italy? He drove an ambulance.
5. What did he do In Paris?
He worked as a journalist, reporting news stories of all kinds.
6. What was A Farewell to Arms about?
It was about love in wartime Italy.
7. What was For Whom the Bell Tolls about? It was about the war in Spain.
8- What did Santiago do ? He was a fisherman .
9- Who was his apprentice ? Manolin .
10- How long had they not caught a fish ? For nearly three months .
11- What did Manolin's parents tell him ?
They told him to work with a more successful fisherman .
12- Why didn't Manolin do as his parents told him ?
Because he liked the old fisherman , Santiago .
13- What did Manolin do instead of leaving the old man ?
He visited the old man every evening to talk to him .
14- What did Santiago think he would do after 84 days with no fish ?
He thought he would catch something if he sailed a long way out to sea .
15- When did the old man set off ? Who was with him ?
The old man set off on the 84th day . He was alone .
16- What kind of fish took Santiago's bait ? A big fish, a
marlin .
17- Why couldn't Santiago pull the fish to the boat ?
Because the fish was big and he wasn't strong enough to pull it to the boat .
18- What did the marlin do ? It pulled the boat along .
19- Why was the old man in great pain ?
Because he had the fishing line around his body .
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20- What did Santiago do after he killed the fish ?
He started to sail back home pulling the fish in the water behind him
21- What attacked the boat ? Why ?
Sharks attacked the boat to eat the marlin .
22- How many sharks did Santiago kill ? He killed 7 sharks .
23- Why didn't Santiago cut the fishing line ?
He didn't want the marlin to escape .
24- What does the story tell us ?
We must have great stamina. We must resist to the last breath .
25- Why do you think the old Santiago went fishing alone ?
To prove that he was still capable , despite his age, of surviving .
26- What does this story tell us about people like Santiago ?
It tells us that those people have stamina and refuse to beaten .
27- How do you feel about the old man at the end of the story ?
I respect his strong will and determination .
28- Why do you think the young apprentice Manolin liked the
old man so much ? What did he learn from him ?
Manolin saw him as a great model. He learned never to give up .
Language Functi ons
Permi ssi on

- May I + inf..?
- Can I + inf..?
- Could I + inf?
- I wonder if I can + inf.
Agreei ng :
- Certainly. / Sure.
- Yes of course.
- Here you are.
Refusi ng:
- Sorry, I need it myself.
Congratul ati ng
- Congratulations!
- I congratulate you on + v. +
ing / noun
- Thanks a lot.
- Thank you very much.
Good
Wi shes

- I wish you success.
- Good luck.
- I wish you a speedy recovery.

- Thank you.
- Thank you. Thats very kind
of you.
6- You visit someone who is ill.
7- You meet a friend who has just passed his exams.
8- You want to use your friend's mobile.
9- Your friend congratulates you on your success.
10- Your friend wants to lend your camera.
Exercises
1. Ernest Hemingway was a (talented- careless- Useless-worthless) American writer.
2. Mary is the (visitor -mind- guest - eyes) speaker at this years conference.
84
3. She knows a lot about Ernest Hemingway. She is (photographic- knowledgeable!-
negligent - ignorant) on this subject.
4. Hemingway loved the (outdoor indoor interior - noisy) life, so he spent a lot of time
walking, camping and fishing.
5. Special vehicle to take injured people to hospital is (a bus- a train- an ambulance - a cart).
6. During the Second World War, Hemingway worked as a (mechanic driver journalist
-bookseller), so he sent many reports to the newspapers.
7. The Old Man and the Sea is his most successful (poem novel - painting - lecture).
8. Hemingway (won lost -passed - succeeded) the Nobel Prize for Literature.
9. Stories about imaginary people and events are (fiction - science history - maths).
10. When two countries fight each other, this means they are at (peace - business -
friendship - war).
11- If a person is .......... about something, he knows a lot about it.
a) unknown b) knowledgeable c)famous d)well known
12- They are neither rich nor poor. They lead a/an ....... life.
a)fantastic b)rich c) miserable d) ordinary
13- Fishing and cycling are ........ activities.
a)indoor b) indoors c) outdoor d) outdoors
14- In the USA, most young people like ........ in the forests during weekends.
a) camping b) swimming c) sailing d) chatting
15- Amr Daib is a/an ........... singer in the Arab area.
a) boring b) popular c) unknown d) heavy
16- The lion and the tiger were ........... during their fight.
a) pleased b) disappointed c) wounded d) rewarded
17- Ernest Hemingway is quite a/an .......... writer.
a) unknown b) famous c) silly d)poor
18-......... is novels and stories describing imaginary things and events.
a) Friction b) Fiction c)Fire d)Fear
19- The First World War is one of the historic ........... .
a) occasions b) events c) accidents d) incidents
20-Fishermen use ....... to attract fish to their nets or fishing lines.
a) base b) biscuits c)bait d) basis
21-Everyone left but Ali........ for some time to have a word with me.
a) slept b) remained c)held d)ran
22-Rain hasn't stopped even for a moment. It has ....... to rain all day.
a) contained b) consisted c) continued d) canned
23-Now, people use modern fishing ........... to practise their hobby of catching fish.
a) rows b) lines c) links d)lies
24-Bones that form a human or animal's body are called the .........
a) skin b) skeleton c) skill d) skull
25-An .......... is someone who works for an employer to learn a skill or craft.
a) apostrophe b) apparatus c) appearance d) apprentice
26-One feels .......... when one's leg or arm hurts.
a) panic b)pain c)pure d) paint
27-My family enjoy ......... outdoor games.
a) practise b) practising c) practised d) practises
28-They were absolutely ........... . They had worked hard continuously.
a) frightened b) terrified c) exhausted d) angry
29-The rich man was so ......... when the gang tricked his security, broke his safe and stole a
lot of jewellery.
a) tired b) exhausted c) furious d) popular
85
30-He often ........ back home late at night alter work.
a) makes b) gets c) moves d) remains
31-Although it was a serious problem, he ............ to solve it.
a) able b) managed c) succeeded d) passed
32-The marlin pulled the boat.......... .
a) long b) length c) along d) longer
33- .............. your hand when you want to ask something.
a) Rise b) Raise c) Arise d) Arouse
34-Prices have ......... a lot recently.
a) raise b) arisen c) risen d) aroused
35- "The Old Man and the Sea" is a fight between one man and ..........
a) nation b) nature c) scenery d) landscape
36-When two countries fight each other, they are at........... .
a) peace b) war c) love d) silence
37-The crew couldn't control the ship during the ........... .
a) holiday b) vacation c) storm d) ball
38-The thief told the police......... detail how he broke into the house.
a) on b) at c) in d) with
39-What do you .......... tea or juice?
a) refer b) prefer c) interfere d) compare
40-My father was ........ great pain after the operation.
a) on b) at c) with d) in
41-According ......... the Press, our national team will be qualified to World Cup Finals.
a) for b) to c) by d) with
42-The old man ......... off in the early morning.
a) sat b)sit c) set d) seat
43-The clown came ........... from a small box.
a) over b) out c) into d) under
44-Smoke was rising from the ............. house.
a) crashing b) fighting c) burning d) sinking
45-President Mubarak raised the Egyptian ......... in Taba.
a) plane b) flag c) kite d) museum
46-Ahmed Zaki was a ........... actor.
a) talented b) terrified c) frightened d) furious
47-A/An ......... number of heavenly bodies are found in the universe.
a) small b) big c) enormous d) believable
48-He got his .............. at Ain Shams University.
a) stair b) grade c) degree c) temperature
49-Novels, poetry and drama form the ......... of a language.
a) learning b) literature c) nature c) headline
50-1 read the .......... of the newspaper before moving to the details.
a) heads b) titles c) headlines d) pictures
2- Read the text below, then write the word which best fits each space:
Ernest Hemingway was a famous writer. He was ......(1)...... in Chicago. He ...(2).... many
stories. "The Old Man and the Sea" is....(3)..... than any of his stories. People see it his
most ...(4)..... book. He ...(5).... the Nobel Prize for ....(6).... in 1953.
3-Rewrite the following sentences:
86
1 - He is a good speaker of English.
(speaks)
2- She is a nice singer.
(nicely)
3- He left home a few minutes ago. (just)
4- I had a meal. Then I took the medicine. (After)
5- I believe he is unhappy.
(seems)
6- The pupil was bad when he answered the question.
(badly)
7- The boy is dishonest.
(honest)
8- He is tall and has hot blue eyes. (with)
9- Ali is setting behind Amer. (front)
10- The shop is on the right of the bus stop. (left)
11- He is fluent in English.
(fluently)
12- Pressure affects everyone in the society.
(effect)
13- He was an efficient worker.
(efficiently)
Adverbs
Adverbs of manner
:
ly .
Slow slowly nice nicely usual usually
:
1 ) - le ) ( e ) ( y . (
Horrible horribly terrible terribly
2 ) - y ) ( ily (
Happy happily funny funnily
3 . -
Fast hard early late .
I took the fast train. He runs fast
This is a hard test. He works hard .
4 ) - ly : (
In + a \ an + ly + way
Friendly in a friendly way Ugly in an ugly way
They treated us in a brotherly way.
Adverbs of degree.
( extremely very fairly rather quite )
.
The Nile is extremely long .
I completely agree with you .
He is very friendly .
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Comarative and superlative adjectives
: *
1- Positive degree
2- Comparative degree 2
3- Superlative degree
* :
1- Short adjectives : [ short , long , big , tall , cheap , near , old , young ]
2- Long adjectives : [ expensive , generous , interesting , beautiful , wonderful ]
1 - Positive Degree
1- Ali is as tall as Hani . 2- The watch is as expensive as the book .
* ) as as (
( ) ) as . as ( .
* ) Be (

* ) as ( ( ) ) Noun ( :
) me , him , her , it , you , us , them (
: ) I , he , she , it , you , we , they ( ( ) :
She is as young as him . She is as young as he is .
) * as.as ) ( not ) ( Be (
) as.as ) ( so.as (
:
*Rami is as tall as Ahmed . - Rami isnt as tall as Ahmed .- Rami isnt so tall as Ahmed
2 - Comparative Degree
1- Hala is older than Reda . 2- France is colder than Egypt .
3- The plane is more comfortable than the train .
4- The play is more interesting than the film .
) * er ) ( than (

) more.than ) ( ) ( less ..than ( ) (
) * much = a lot = far ) ( ) ( a bit = a little ( ) ( ) (
) comparative ( 2 :
% Lets go by car . Its much cheaper . % Dont go by train . Its a lot more expensive .
% Her illness was far more serious than we expected . % Could you speak a bit more slowly ?
) than ) ( as ) ( N ( .
:
% She is shorter than me . % She is shorter than I am .
- : *
The er , the - er

The more , the more
1- The more expensive the hotel ( is ) , the better the service ( is ) .
2- The warmer the weather ( is ) , the better I feel .
3- The more electricity you use , the higher your bill will be .
3 - Superlative Degree
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1- Eman is the oldest girl in the class .
2- Cairo is the most crowded city in the world .
) * est ) (
the ) , ( the most ) ( ) (
the least () (
: *
1- Nader is the funniest person in the office .
% No person is funnier than Nader in the office . % No person is as funny as Nader in the office .
2- The Spiders is the most interesting story in the library .
% No story is more interesting than The Spiders in the library .
% No story is as interesting as The Spiders in the library .
) : * y ) ( y - ) ( ier ) ( comparative - ) ( iest (
) superlative : ,,,,, (
* Lucky luckier * easy easier
luckiest easiest
) : * most ) ( very ) ( the ( :
% The book you lent me was most = very interesting .
% Thank you for the money . It was most = very generous of you .
: * 2 ( )
% Nour is the older of the two sisters . % Reem is the taller of the two friends .
) : * superlative ) ( in ) ( of (
:
% The Nile is the longest river in the world . % It was the hottest day of the year .
-:
Good
Bad
Far
Much \ many
Little

Better than
Worse than
Farther than
More
less
The best
The worst
The farthest
The most
The least
Other words and phrases used to compare:

' less / least more / the most
- My car is l ess comfortabl e than yours, but Ali's is the l east.
' + as ( ) as . +
- Ali is as tal l as Peter.
= They are the same hei ght.
' + as ( ) not as (so . + (
- Ali isn t as ol d as Peter.
= Peter is the ol der of the two.
:
' ) + as + ( as = the same + noun as + adjective
Adjecti ve Noun Adjecti ve Noun
old age tall height
deep depth high height
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expensive price heavy weight
long length wealthy wealth
wide width strong strength
- Rania is the same age as Rasha. (as old as)
Rania i s as ol d as Rasha.
- Samy is as tal l as Ramy. (the same)
Samy and Ramy are the same hei ght.
Samy is the same hei ght as Ramy.
' a little / a bit / much / a lot of
- Going by bus is cheaper than going by plane. (a lot)
- Going by bus is a l ot cheaper than going by plane.
- Going by plane is more expensi ve. (much)
- Going by plane is much more expensi ve.
'
+ + + + have / has + ever + pp
+ has / have + never + pp + such a / an + +
+ has / have + never + pp + a / an + + thi s one
- This is the most i nteresti ng book Ive ever read. ( I have never / more)
I have never read such an interesting book.
I have never read a more i nteresti ng book than this one.
Strong adjecti ves and adverbs of degree:

Ordi nary Strong Ordi nary Strong
tired
frightening
cold
unusual
exhausted
terrifying
freezing
incredible
angry
hot
big
bad
furious
boiling
enormous
terrible
'
' quite / very / rather / fairly
- I'm very ti red.
- The film was qui te fri ghteni ng.
' absolutely / completely / really
- The film was real l y / absol utel y terri fyi ng.
' :
- Some people laughed during the film, but I found it very fri ghteni ng.(terrifying)
Some people laughed during the film, but I found it terri fyi ng.
- After spending the night in the desert, the children were very col d. (freezing)
After spending the night in the desert, the children were freezi ng.
- Tarek told us a very unusual story. (incredible)
-Tarek told us an i ncredi bl e story.
Exercises on Grammar
1 - He has no money he is ---------------------------poor .
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a- very b-fairly c- quite d-extremely
2-You should climb the stairs ---------------------------------.
3- My sister is a good student, her studies------------------------------------------.
a- well b- good c- goodly d- willingly
4- Rasha is -------------------. She thinks that she is the most beautiful girl.
a- conceit b-conceited c-unconnected d-pleasant
5- He thinks of himself only. He is ---------------------------------.
a- conceited b- tolerant c- married d- selfish
6- My father ran very -------------------------and caught a thief.
a- fatly b- fast c- fastness d-fasten
7- I sometimes get up ---------------------and miss the bus.
a- late b- lately c- later d- lateness
8- He played the match very ------------, so he lost it.
a-bad b-badly c- badness d- good
9- This girl behaves in a --------------------------way.
a-friend b-friendship c-friendly d- pen friend
10- He couldn't buy the suit because it was ------------------------expensive.
a- rather b- quite c-never d- hardly
11- Basma is very beautiful and quite well-build ------------------------long black hair.
a - in b- with c- by d- of
12- We like our English teacher. He is --------------------a good person.
a-quite b- rather c- never d- hardly
13- She is very ----------------------. She is never angry or sad.
a- cheer b- silly c- efficient d- cheerful
14- It is raining ----------------------------.
a- heavy b- heavily c-heaviness d-heavenly
15- Shimaa does her work ----------------------------. She is efficient.
a-good b- well c- proper d- prepare
16- My house is the one in the area .
a) old b) older c) elder d) oldest
17- It is .. difficult exercise Ive ever done .
a) more b) less c) the most d) most
18- Karam is .. of two friends .
a) tall b) the tallest c) the taller d) tallest
19- He is .. than he was last week .
a) healthier b) healthiest c) the healthiest d) best
20- The food isnt so .. as it was in the past .
a) good b) worse c) better d) best
21- He is the .. of all workers .
a) helpful b) more helpful c) most helpful d) less helpful
22- My chair is comfortable as yours .
a) less b) as c) more d) most
23- Mr. Ali is the to leave the office .
a) late b) later c) latest d) last
24- Noha is the . of two sisters .
a) old b) elder c) the older d) oldest
25-Hazem is much . than Rami .
a- careful b- care c- carefully d-carelessly
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a) more intelligent b) most intelligent c) intelligent d) least intelligent
26- Luxor is from Cairo than Mansura .
a) far b) furthest c) farther d) the furthest
27- This car is not .. expensive as that one .
a) more b) less c) most d) as
28- George Mallorys oxygen tank was than those used by modern climbers .
a) heavier b) lighter c) colder d) bigger
29- Climbing equipment today is . Than that used by Mallory .
a) modern b) more modern c) the modernest d) the most modern
30- Tenzing and Hillary were .. than Mallory .
a) successful b) less successful c) more successful d) most successful
31- A woolen suit is not as .. as the clothing climbers use today .
a) waterproof b) more waterproof c) less waterproof d) most waterproof
Re-write the following sentences:-
1- The bag and the box are of the same weight . ( as )
2- Heba and Rania are of the same age . ( as )
3- The car and the flat are of the same price . ( as )
4- The room and the hall are of the same width . ( as )
5- The wall and the house are of the same height . ( as )
6- The house is more expensive than the villa . ( cheap )
7- Hani is fatter than Tamer . ( Tamer isnt..)
8- Travelling by plane is more comfortable than travelling by bus . ( .. isnt as )
9- I drive more carefully than Hani does . ( Hani doesnt ..)
10- Everest is the highest mountain in the world . ( higher ) ( high )
11- The Nile is the longest river in the world . ( longer ) ( long )
12- No student is better than Hassan in class . ( good ) ( best )
13- Nothing is as bad as the soup in the meal . ( worse ) ( worst )
14- Ayman is the most courageous man in Hamadayya . ( more ) ( as )
15- This is the tallest man Ive ever seen . ( such ) ( taller )
16- This is the funniest person Ive ever met . ( such ) ( funnier )
17- This is the most accurate calculator Ive ever used . ( such ) ( more )
18- The Spiders is the most interesting story Ive ever read . ( such ) ( more )
19- Ive never bought a cheaper car than Fiat . ( Fiat is .. )
20- Ive never seen such a generous man . ( This is .. )
21- Ive never spoken to a more talkative woman than Nora . ( Nora is .. )
22- Ive never travelled to a farther country than China . ( China is )
23- If you eat much , you will be fat . ( The )
24- If you sleep early , you will feel well . ( The .. )
25- If you work hard , you will get high marks . ( The .. )
General Exerci ses
What would you say in the following situations:-
1- You start telling a story about a swimmer who drowned.
2- You tell a friend what happened to someone who spent a night in a lifeboat.
3- You end a story about someone who was lost for a week in the desert.
4- Your friend tells you about the brave Egyptian who climbed Everest.
Correct the underlined words:-
Soha went to a bookshop to buy some books. Different books were on a longer shelf
in the bookshop. The shelf on the left corner was highest than the shelf on the right corner.
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The red book wasn't as most expensive as the black one. So, I took the red book and walked
slow out of the shop.
Read the text and write one word:-
An old fisherman decided to sail to catch fish. He caught a ......(1)...... fish but it was so
strong that he couldn't bring it to his ....(2).... . The fish pulled the man in his boat for
two ....(3)..... and nights, but in the end the fish was more tired than the ....(4)...... . As he
was coming back home, he ......(5)....... the fish. He arrived with only the ....(6).... of the fish.
Translate into Arabic:-
1- Novels and short stories are both kinds of fiction.
2- My teachers are very knowledgeable about their subjects.
Translate into English:-
1953
Test 5
1- Fi ni sh the fol l owi ng di al ogue between Sal wa and Ami na about musi c:
Salwa : Good morning, Amina.
Amina: Good morning, Salwa. .?
Salwa : I'm going to the music hall in the opera.
Amina: ......?
Salwa : There is a lecture about folk music by Professor Qenawi Mousa.
Amina: ..?
Salwa : He is going to talk about musical instruments all over Egypt.
Amina: You have aroused my interest. Can I come with you?
Salwa : .
Amina: Thank you, Salwa. Let's go now.
1- You visit your sick friend in hospital.
2- Your friend passed his exams.
3- You thank your friend for wishing you good luck.
4- You wonder if you can borrow your friend's camera.
1- My sister Mona is three years older me.
a) that b) than c) as d) for
2- This is .. film I've ever seen.
a) bad b) worse c) the worst d) worst
3- My father L.E. 3000 for the new computer.
a) cost b) paid c) owned d) bought
4- When I was on holiday, I .. swimming every day.
a) went b) go c) made d) had
5- If you want to learn a skill, you can become and learn from your skilled employer.
a) a hero b) a trainer c) an assistant d) an apprentice
6- To many people, The Old Man and the Sea is Hemingway's .. novel.
a) good b) best c) better d) well
7- Some people think that Dickens is the important English novelist.
a) most b) more c) very d) much
8- Mona is .. than Noha.
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a) as clever as b) cleverer c) the cleverest d) the most clever
9- Mount Everest is the .. mountain in the world.
a) high b) highest c) higher d) most high
10-Noha was after she cleaned the house all day. She slept for 12 hours after
that.
a) absolutely exhausted b) absolutely tired c) very exhausted d) not tired
the same meani ng:
1- There isn't a longer river in the world than the Nile. (longest)
2- I was so extremely tired that I slept for twelve hours. (exhausted)
3- No one in the family is older than Maha. (oldest)
4- When Ali heard he had lost his job, he was very angry. (furious)
Hemingway was a very talented American write. He started (1) .. write at the
age of 16. He (2) about his own life. He went to Italy to (3) the Red
Cross. It was during the First World War. He was badly (4) . He wrote some
novels. In 1953, he (5) .. the Nobel Prize for Literature. For the rest of his life,
he suffered (6) illness and died in 1961.
C) Readi ng Comprehensi on & Set Books
6- Read the fol l owi ng passage and answer the questi ons:
The celebration of Mother's Day can be traced to the times of ancient Greece when tribute
was paid to "Rhea" the Mother of the Gods. The next recorded tribute to Mother's was during the
seventeenth century when England celebrated " Mothering Sunday on the fourth Sunday of Lent.
In America, Julia Ward Howe, the author of " The Battle Hymn of the Republic", suggested the
idea of Mother's Day in 1872. However, it is Anna Jarvis of Philadelphia who is credited with creating
Mother's Day in 1905. She wanted to pay tribute to her Mother who had tried to establish Mother's
Friendship Day to help heal the scars of the Civil War in America. In 1910, West Virginia became the
first state to adopt a formal holiday to recognize Mothers. A year later, nearly every state officially
marked the day of celebration. In 1914, President Woodrow Wilson proclaimed Mother's Day as a
national holiday to be held on the second Sunday of May.
Today Mother's Day is celebrated in many countries throughout the world. Although they do not
fall at the same time in every country, Mother's Day is celebrated on the second Sunday in May in
Denmark, Finland, Italy, Turkey, Australia, and Belgium. Their families honor mothers by dining out,
giving flowers, sending cards, giving gifts, and visits. Additionally, it is reported to be one of the
busiest days of the year for telephone calls.
The celebration of Mother's Day should be every day. They are the ones who nurture us, teach
us, protect us, and make us feel that we matter. Mothers are people in our lives who are most
responsible for the way we grow and mature.
1- When is Mothers Day celebrated in America?
2- Who is responsible for making Mothers Day a national holiday in America?
3- What state became the first state to adopt a formal holiday to recognize mothers?
4- Why should we celebrate Mothers Day every day?
1- Anna Jarvis lived in . .
a) England b) Philadelphia c) Michigan d) Florida
2- Mothers are honored by their families on Mothers Day by . .
a) dining out b) cards c) flowers d) all of these
3- Who was the Mother of the gods in ancient Greece?
a) Anna b) Julia Ward Howe c) Virginia d) Rhea
1- What do you know about Ernest Hemingway?
2- What was Hemingway's most successful book?
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3- What kind of life did Hemingway live?
4- What was "The Old Man and the Sea" about?
5- What was the old man's job in "The Old Man and the Sea"?
6- Who was Manolin in "The Old Man and the Sea"?
E) Wri ti ng
8- Wri te a paragraph of seven (7) sentences about:
"How to spend your free time"
F) Transl ati on
9- A) Transl ate into Arabi c:
1- Ernest Hemingway was a talented American writer.
2- Santiago couldn't catch a fish for a long time.
.
Unit 6 Tomorrow's World 1
st
Year Secondary
Tape Script
Narrator (1)
Abd EL-Aziz: Next month I'm going to buy a new car - a really modern one with a computer
that controls the engine and reports any problems. It will also have a satellite navigation
system which will show the quickest route and tell me about any traffic jams.
Narrator (2)
Leila Hi, it's me. We've just had some fantastic news. My sister is going to have a baby. All
the family's really excited about it. She and her husband already have a daughter, so they
hope it will be a boy.
Narrator (3)
Fahimy The school inspector is coming on Thursday. He's arriving at ten o'clock. So your
student must all bring in their books. I 'll give the inspector some tea in my office, then
we'll visit the classrooms
Narrator: (4)
Mrs Zakariya: Don't forget that Lucy and Paul are coming this evening. I expect they'll
stay for dinner .Oh! that's them I'll gel it
Narrator: (5)
Mrs El-Shazli Look at the sky. It's really dark I think It's going to rain. Take your umbrella
with you or you'll get wet
Cars without oil
1 - Air pollution is a big problem for people and the environment. If you sit in a traffic jam
in Cairo, .your lungs will fill with the exhaust fumes from cars buses .
and lorries. Air which is polluted by exhaust fumes can damage your health as well as the
environment .
2 - Scientists are working on the problem of exhaust pollution. Now, all cars burn petrol
more efficiently than in the past. Scientists have also designed engines which use natural
gas, and many buses in Cairo and other cities use these engines .
3 - Engineers also designed electric cars that use batteries. The batteries in early electric
cars could not store as much fuel as petrol vehicles. This meant that they could not travel as
far or as fast as petrol cars. Now, however, engineers have designed cars which use, both
electricity and petrol. When the battery is empty, the petrol engine takes over, and when
95
the car uses petrol, this recharges the battery. These cars can go further using the same
amount of Petrol as ordinary cars. This car uses electricity and petrol .
4- Scientists have also discovered that cars can run on vegetable oil, which means that
farmers will be able to "grow" fuel in their fields. And now engineers are
working on a new type of car battery which makes energy out of hydrogen and oxygen.
Experts believe that we may be able to buy cars using these batteries
in the next ten years.
5- We know that at some time in the future, there will be no oil in the world, so we need to
find a replacement for petrol as soon as possible.
How to protect the environment . ?
"To protect the environment, people should only drive their cars for four days
a week. Everybody agree that cars and other vehicles are damaging our health and our
world. To protect the environment. Different countries have different ways of stopping this
damage. In some places, for example the price of petrol is very high. In other places,
people have to pay to drive on some roads or in some cities. Now a speaker is suggesting
that people should only be able to use their cars for four days a week instead of seven. In
this composition, I am going to discuss some of the ideas for and against this suggestion.
New Vocabulary
Listening
parts bright
location excited about
have a baby arrive at
classroom vehicle
forget arrangement
expect decide
get wet decision
dark intention
satellite prediction
navigation evidence
system stay
airbag fact
report leave
inspector watch
traffic jam energy
route ordinary
modern special
fantastic batteries
stay for dinner
inspector
exhaust work on
Reading
electric amount
ideas recharge
end discover
oil vegetables
engine fields
efficiency energy
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battery possible
replacement for protect
pollution jobs
problem watch
environment breathe
lung part
fill forms
exhaust fumes fill with
damage run on
health farther
burn blame
design situation
natural agree
store disagree
fuel affect
vehicle price
mean suggestion
against firstly
engineer opinion
take over for
discuss speaker
instead of decide
a car with a computer protect from
have a baby agree with
excited about instead of
bring in / able to + inf.
stay for dinner in my opinion
pleased with bad for
pleased about a type of
turn on get wet
turn off get better
make arrangements get worse
make predictions lead to
leave for blame for
on the internet make energy out of
by air / run out
go swimming run out of
make an offer make a decision
sit in a traffic jam find a solution to
fill with in a few years' time
work on a problem find a replacement for
take over do something about
run on important for
on the way to harmful to
in the next 10 years drive on a road
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Language Notes
affect / effect:
affect (v): effect (n)
+ affect + +
+ have + a/an + + effect + on +
- Eating the right food affects health wel l . (effect)
Eating the right food has a good effect on health.
di scover / i nvent / expl ore:
di scover: ) )
- Christopher Columbus di scovered America.
i nvent: ) )
- Peter Captiza and others i nvented the artificial satellite in 1957.
expl ore: ) )
- The best way to expl ore the countryside is on foot.
el ectri c / el ectri cal :
el erctri c: ) )
- Engineers have designed el ectri c cars that use batteries.
el ectri cal: ) )
- My uncle works as an el ectri cal engineers.
stop + + v. + i ng:
- We should stop people driving lorries in the city centre.
or / otherwi se:
( )
- Take your umbrella or you'll get wet.
suggest + v. + i ng:
- He said, "Let's spend the evening in the club." (suggested)
He suggested spending the evening in the club.
suggest that + + should + :
- Tom said, "Why don't you look for another job?" (Tom suggested that)
Tom suggested that I should look for another job.
Questions and Answers
1- How are engines in today's cars better than in the past?
- They burn petrol more efficiently.
2- How are cars that use petrol and batteries better than early
electric cars?
- Early electric cars could not store as much fuel as petrol vehicles. The new car can travel
further and faster than the early electric cars.
3- What may car batteries use in the future?
- A new type of car battery can make energy out of hydrogen and oxygen.
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4- Why is it so important for us to find a replacement for petrol
soon?
- Because in the future there will be no oil in the world and we will need energy badly.
5- What is air pollution a big problem for?
- It is a big problem for the environment and people everywhere.
6- What will all cars use in the future?
- cars will use vegetable oil or batteries.
7- Who and what is to blame for pollution and for damaging the
environment?
- We blame people who use cars and factories as the amount of exhaust is increasing.
8- What can we do about the problem of pollution?
- We can use electric cars, cars which burn fuel efficiently, reduce exhaust fumes from
factories, plant more trees and move factories to places where no people live. We can also,
use public transport sometimes instead of using private cars all the time.
9- What is the reason for air pollution?
- The reason we have for air pollution is that cars, that, lorries and factories produce a lot
of exhaust fumes.
10- What is the problem with industry?
- The problem with industry is that it releases huge amounts of other dangerous gases.
- Perhaps we should drive cars on fewer days, use electric cars, use public transport instead
of private cars and plant more trees.
11- What will we be able to do one day?
- we will be able to breathe clean air.
Exercises On Vocabulary
1- A car satellite navigation system tells the speaker the quickest----------
a) underground b) passage c) route d) room
2- The school........... visited our classes last week.
a) conductor b) educator c) inspector d) instructor
3- The speaker thinks it is going to rain because the sky is really..
a) sunny b) dark c) fine d) mild
4- I got stuck in a traffic .......... for 45 minutes on the way to work today.
a) jar b)jam c) jaw d) jail
5-Air which is polluted by exhaust can ........... your health.
a) damage b) denounce c)deny d) deposit
6-Now, all cars .......... petrol more efficiently than in the past.
a) burn b)move c) exploit d)form
7 -Air which is polluted by exhaust can damage your health ....... the environment.
a) as well b) also c) or d) as well as
8 -Engineers are now working .......... a new type of car battery.
a)out b) up to c)on d) against
9 -There are people who are for and others who are ............ the suggestion of using cars on
four days a week instead of seven.
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a) about b) against c)of d)at
10-My sister is going to have a baby. This is ............ news .
a) fantastic b) disappointing c) sad d) bad
11- All the family is excited .......... the news of my sister having a new baby.
a) on b) of c) at d) about
12-My uncle and his wife are coming this evening. They'll.......... for dinner.
a) sit b) stay c) remain d) order
13-If you sit in a traffic jam hi Cairo; your lungs will fill with the| ......... from cars.
a) dirt b) rubbish c) exhaust d) light
14-A .......... stores electricity for a car, radio or watch.
a) balloon b) bag c) briefcase d) battery
15-A/An .......... protects a car driver in an accident.
a)airbag b)air pollution c)airport d)air raid
16- .................. cars will cause no pollution.
a) Electrical b) Electricity c) Electric d) Electrician
17-Thank you for the ............... you sent for my birthday.
a) card b) cart c) carrot d) cave
18- I'm going to buy car with a computer that controls the ......... and reports problems.
a) engine b) energy c) enterprise d) entrance
19- These days , cars can use ........ made from vegetables.
a) drink b) food c) juice d) oil
20- Cars, buses and lorries cause air ............. .
a) delusion b) raids c) pollution d) illusion
21- A/An ........... protects us from the rain in the street.
a) caller b) sky c) umbrella d) ceiling
22- To ........... means to plan and draw something new, like a house or engine.
a) describe b) descend c) derive d) design
23-............ is a gas in the air that we need to live.
a) Hydrogen b) Oxygen c) Carbon dioxide d) Methane
24-............ are parts of our body that fill with air when we breathe.
a) Test b) Kidneys c) Lungs d) Fingers
25- Scientists have ............. engines which use natural gas.
a) drawn b) painted c) designed d) discovered
26 -Many buses in Cairo and other cities use ....... gas.
a)general b)genuine c) natural d) artificial
27-In an electric car, when the battery is empty, the petrol engine takes ............
a) after b)over c)part d) action
28-Scientists have also discovered that cars can run .......... vegetable oil.
a) across b)on c)away d)after
29-Some time in the future, there will be no oil, so we need to find a/an ........ for petrol.
a) engagement b) replacement c)enjoyment d) entertainment
30-Many people are ............... by pollution.
a) affected b) aroused c) awoken d) engaged
31 -We .......... he will come back tomorrow.
a) expect b) expected c) hoped d) believed
32-Pollution ........ the environment badly.
a) predicts b) affects c) blames d) protects
33 -We don't know who is to blame .......... pollution.
a)for b)on c)at d)out
34 -Although we need industry, it leads ............... pollution.
a)from b)at c)of d)to
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35 -To ............ the environment, people should only drive their cars on four days a week.
a) make b) damage c) protect d)keep
36 -The problem of pollution is ........... worse every year.
a) going b) getting c) coming d) being
each space:
Air pollution has become a serious problem. It damages health and the .....(1).... as well: .....
(2).... fumes can also damage our lungs. So, scientists are trying to ....(3)..... vehicles that run
on vegetable oil. ....(4)..... cars using batteries will not affect us badly. When there is no oil ...
(5)...., pollution will be less. But we'll have to find a ...(6).... for it.
Grammar Study
Forms of the
Future
:
1- Simple Future :- will + inf
Quick decision #He will travel tomorrow ( he decided at the time of
speaking)
Prediction #I predict that it will rain tomorrow.
Future fact #Hams will be eight years old next month.
Offer #Don't worry , I will lend you some money to buy that
shirt.
Promise #If you get high marks , I will buy you a present.
Threat #I will punish you if you come late again.
Think expect hope sure probably perhaps almost
certainly
---- + will + inf ( after-as soon as-before-by the time-until-
when)
Shall I + inf #Shall I open the door for you?
Shall we + inf #Shall we go out today?
2- Near Future :- am-is-are going to + inf
:-
-
# I am going to travel to Tanta tomorrow. ( I intend to
travel to Tanta )
# My father is going to buy a new car. ( He planned to
buy a new car )
# My mother is going to make a cake. ( She has
arranged to make a cake )
# They are going to study English. ( They have already
decided to study English )
# Are you going to clean the house? = Do you intend to clean
the house?
- .
# The sky is full of dark clouds. It is going to rain.
101
# The phone is ringing. I am going to answer it.
# look at that boy on the bike. He is going to fall.
# The doctors told us that the patient is going to die as his
condition is serious.
3- Present continuous:- am-is-are + v-ing
-: :
# He's flying to India next Monday. (He's got his tickets.)
# I'm going home in half an hour. (I have arranged it with the boss)
# I can't see you tomorrow. We're visiting relatives.
# I am seeing the boss tomorrow. (I have an appointment with
him.)
4- Present simple:- Inf / Inf + s
:-
# My plane leaves at 10 o'clock tomorrow.
# The train to Luxor arrives in an hour.
5- Future continuous:- will/shall + be + v-
ing
:-
# I will be playing football at 5 o'clock tomorrow.
6- Future perfect:- will have + p.p
:-
# my father will have finished his work by 8 o'clock.
# I will have cleaned the flat in 2 hours. # This time
tomorrow they will have arrived.
:-
By + in + this time +
:-
1- I will have my lunch at 2 o'clock. ( I will start having
it at 2 o'clock )
2- I am going to have my lunch at 2 o'clock. (I have already
decided and planned to have it at 2)
3- I will be having lunch at 2 o'clock. ( I will be in the
middle of the meal )
4- I will have had my lunch by 2 o'clock. ( I will finish having
my lunch by 2 )
:-
# Will + be + P.P # am-is-are going t + be +
P.P
# will have + been + P.P # am-is-are + being + P.P

Choose the correct answer
on grammar
1. That's the phone. I (answer am answering would answer
will answer) it.
102
2. I think my cousin (will study studies going to study would
study) engineering. He is very clever at Maths.
3. My German lesson (is stating starts has been starting
start) at four o'clock this afternoon.
4. We (will may are going to are) probably be there for two
weeks.
5. I can't meet you this afternoon. I (am doing do have done
may do) the shopping.
6. My plane (is leaving shall leave leave leaves) at 10 o'clock
tomorrow.
7. I am studying medicine. I (may be am going to be am being
be) a doctor.
8. I expect that he (wins will win is going to win is winning)
the match.
9. Somebody is knocking on the door. I (am going will go have
gone go) and open it.
10. She (is flying flies fly would fly) to Spain next Monday.
Everything is arranged.
11. What are your plans for tomorrow? I (am going to play
play have played shouldn't play) tennis with a friend.
12. Watch out! You (are dropping drop are going to drop
would drop) the glasses.
13. Don't worry. I (lend am lending will lend should lend)
you the money you need.
14. It's arranged. We (will go go are going may go) to the
Red Sea this summer.
15. I think you( will be - is going to be - is being will) very good at
squash.
16. A: I am going on holiday tomorrow. B: I'm sure you(are going to
enjoy - are enjoying - enjoy - will enjoy) it.
17. A: What are you doing at the weekend? B: I expect I(am going to
spend - am Spending -Will spend spend) some time with my
friends.
18. think the weather in England( will be - is going to be - is being -
shall be) cold and rainy.
19. There's not a cloud in the sky- it ( is going to be - are being - are
going be - will be) another very sunny day.
20. A: This year I (am going to - am going - will - will be going) go
swimming every day. B: That's a good idea. You will get very fit.
21. Dont pick up the phone. I (answer-am answering-will answer-
am going to answer)it
22. I (ll resign - resign - am rosining- would resign) if I dont get a
pay rise.
23. After I have studied, I ( am going to watch - will watch watch -
am watching ) TV.
24. The film ( would start - starts - is starting- is started ) at 7.30.
25. We wont start the meeting until you (arrive - had arrived - will
arrive arrives ) .
26. He(s traveling travels -'d travel -'ll travel) to Aswan tomorrow.
Hes got his ticket
103
27. I( clean - am cleaning - have been cleaning - ll clean) the car
for you.
28. I( will have driven am going to drive-ll be driving will drive)to
the airport at 4 oclock tomorrow.
29. Would you like fish or chicken? - I think I(ll have-am having -
am going to have - have ) chicken.
30. Are you ( plays played- playing -play) tennis after school
today?
2- Rewrite the following sentences using the word (s) in brackets :-
1- The scientists at NASA have arranged everything to launch Apollo. (launching)
2- My plan is to spend the summer in Alexandria. (going)
3- Mona has decided to buy a new dress. (going)
4- We all expect his success. (succeed)
5- The old man is staggering. He is likely to fall down. (going)
6-1 intend to buy a new car for my wife. (going)
7- It has just come into my mind that I take my family out for dinner. (will)
8-I'm going to decorate my room. (decided)
9-"I'll cut the electric current if you don't pay the bill." ( he threatened)
10-He planned to start anew business. ( going to)
11-We have arranged to hold a meeting tomorrow. ( we are)
12-I've arranged to give my wedding party next week. (I'm)
13-Her aim in life is to become an engineer. ( will)
14-I plan to build the second floor next week. (going)
15-I don't intend to do this work again. (going)
16-He said" shall I post the letter for you" (offered)
17-father said" I'll buy you a computer if you succeed" (promised
3- Correct the underlined mistakes in the following paragraph:
Adel has finished his exam. We expect he will being back tomorrow. We are gone to wait
for him at the train station. If he doesn't come by train, we would look for him at the bus
station. We have arranged everything for his stay, so he is spend a wonderful summer
holiday.
Translation
Translate into Arabic:
In fact, pollution is considered man's enemy. Many of our serious diseases are due to
the different kinds of pollution. The government all over the world should co-operate to
put an end to this serious problem.
Translate into English:
.
General Exercises
1- Write what you would say in each of the following situations
1- You are for the suggestion of banning cars from going into the city centre.
2- You are against your father's suggestion that women shouldn't be given equal rights as men.
3- You agree with your friend's suggestion that mothers shouldn't take part in public life.
4- You agree that people should only drive their cars for four days a week.
104
2- Read the following passage, then answer the questions :
In the year 2020, you will drive your smart car along the motor way from Cairo to
Aswan. If something goes slightly wrong with its engine and you don't know what the fault
is, the computer in your car will take over. It will work out what's wrong and do what
needs to be done. It will then connect to the internet to find the nearest garage which
carries spare parts that will put your car right. It will contact them by e-mail. Your car
computer would ask when you would like to have your car mended. Thus your car's
computer will not only inform you of the problem, it will also solve it for you.
One of the world's first smart cars was on show in London in 1999. In this car, a
computer screen shows the driver where he or she is and if they get lost, it can give them
turn by turn directions to their destination.
The smart car can also tell the driver exactly where his or her vehicle is. The driver
can phone the computer in the car and find out its location.
A- Answer the following questions :
1- How will the car of the future solve technical problems?
2- How do some modern cars help the driver to find his or her way?
3- How will the smart car help the driver to find its place?
4- What does the underlined word 'It" refer to?
B- Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d :
5- The smart car of the future will help you to ............ .
a) buy spare parts b) build a garage
c) hire a mechanic d) know what the fault is in your car's engine
6- The computer will contact your car by ................
a) messages b) letters
c) e-mails d) contacts
7- If the driver forgot where he parked, the car computer tells him
a) the distance from the car b) the place of the car
c) the destination to go there d) the way to find it
Test
1- Fi ni sh the fol l owi ng di al ogue between Samy and Hany who was
absent from school yesterday.
Samy: Why were you absent yesterday?
Hany : .. .
Samy: . ?
Hany : Yes, I went to the doctor.
Samy: .?
Hany: To take some pills and take rest for a week.
Samy: How are you now?
Hany: . .
1- Your friend asks you what your plans are for today.
105
2- Tell your friend about your family's summer holiday plans (a month in Spain).
3- Your sister wants to know what you are going to do at the weekend.
4- Someone asks about your age on your next birthday. What do you say?
1- Today, car engines burn petrol morethan in the past
a) successfully b) efficiently c) quickly d) carefully
2- Big cities are often crowded and have air .. .
a) environment b) condensation c) traffic d) pollution
3- Our .. fill with air when we breathe.
a) ears b) eyes c) lungs d) hands
4- It took the taxi two hours to reach the station because of the .. jam.
a) car b) traffic c) vehicle d) accident
5- I think it's going to rain because the sky is really dark.
a) is going to rain b) is raining c) rains d) will rain
6- Take your umbrella with you or you . wet.
a) get b) will get c) are getting d) would get
7- my opinion, we can find a solution to the housing problem.
a) In b) For c) On d) With
8- Industry .. to pollution.
a) needs b) leads c) causes d) affects
9- Cars and buses run .. oil.
a) with b) by c) out d) on
10- We need to find a for oil as soon as possible.
a) placement b) replacement c) change d) choice
the same meani ng:
6- If you don't take the medicine you won't get better. (or)
7- I intend to buy a new mobile. (going to
8- I arranged to travel to London next week. (traveling)
9- Smoking affects health badly. (effect)
People should do their best to protect their health and the environment. They
should only (1).. their cars for four days a week. Everybody agrees that
cars and other vehicles are (2) our health and our world. The problem is
(3). worse every year. To protect the environment, different countries have
different ways of (4).. this damage. In some places, for example, the price
of petrol is very (5) . In other places, people have to pay to drive (6)
. some roads or in some cities.
C) Read Comprehensi on and Set Books
6- Read the fol l owi ng passage , then answer the questi ons:
106
The celebration of Earth Day began in the city of San Francisco and was started by
their mayor at the request of John McConnell. The first Earth Day celebration was held
on March 21, 1970, which was the first day of spring.
Earth Day is important because it reminds us to stop and look at the problems of
our environment. We need to make plans to recycle materials that are recyclable and
to clean up our rivers, streams, lakes, and oceans. Pollution is causing danger to the
air we breathe, our soil, and our water sources. Industries, automobiles, and others are
releasing dangerous smoke in to our atmosphere and the air we breathe. This cause
health problems to people living on Earth.
Each of us must do our part to recycle and reuse products instead of throwing
them away. The trash we deliver to our landfills each week is taking up valuable land
and space we need for homes and farms.
Earth Day is now celebrated each year on April 22 nd. Schools around the world
take part in making sure that our world is a cleaner place. Students volunteer to pick
up trash at their schools, homes, and neighborhoods to do their part in helping our
environment.
1-Where did Earth Day begin?
2-Who requested this celebration of our Earth?
3-What is the importance of Earth Day?
4-What can we do to help keep trash out of our landfills?
5- The smoke released in to the air we breathe by automobiles and industry is
.
a) healthy to breathe b) unhealthy to breathe
c) helpful to plants d) helpful to animals
6- What does Earth Day help us to do?
a) think of ways to recycle materials b) pick up trash
c) clean up our water sources d) all of these
7- What can students do to help celebrate Earth Day?
a) have a party for the Earth b) sing songs
c) pick up trash in their community d) none of these
1-Why are new car engines less dangerous than old ones?
2-What is to blame for pollution in our environment?
3-Why is it so important to find replacement for petrol?
4-How does polluted air affect us?
5-What produces exhaust fumes?
6-How is an airbag useful in a car?
E) Wri ti ng
"How to protect our environment from pollution"
F) Transl ati on
107
1- Exhaust fumes damage health and the environment.
2- it is expected that oil will run out.


Review B
Vocabulary
move ) ) relax
park / relaxation
neighbours exhausted
friendly exhaustion /
nice traffic jam
called main /
bread tractor
potatoes laugh
shop / smile
baker's university
supermarket Chinese
admire mistake
suddenly plans
plenty / part-time job
speller worry
spell birthday
bookshop ) ) airport
sell / sold / sold careful
soldiers carefully /
badly wounded farewell
recover arms
escape heroic
marry brave
live happily weather
crowded trainer
port breathe
opposite produce
behind professional
successful novelist
mountain village lungs
blood respect /
special qualities civilization
patience progress
determination / fields /
city centre electric cars
skill clean air
108
hard work pollution
ability air travel
strength airplane
in front of care for /
in the middle in danger
on the left of frightened of
on the right at all
next to at once
on the other side of go dark
by the park go well
at the edge of go past
on the corner tell a joke
look after make progress
Reading & Critical Thinking
A Farewel l to Arms
Ernest Hemi ngway
Many people think that A Farewell to Arms, which Ernest Hemingway wrote in 1929, is
his best novel. It was very successful in the first four months in the bookshops,
80,000 books were sold.
It is the story of a young American called Frederic Henry who goes to Europe to help
the Italian soldiers during the First World War, like Hemingway himself did. While he is
there, he is badly wounded in the legs and is sent to a special hospital in the city of
Milan to recover. An English nurse, Catherine Barkley, looks after Frederic there, and
the two become very friendly. When Frederic is better again, he goes back to help the
soldiers, but this time things don't go well and Frederic is in danger. He returns to
Milan and he and Catherine escape to another country, where they marry. Catherine
and Frederic live very happily together in a small mountain village. They spend all their
time together, walking, reading and talking. They are very happy, until Catherine dies.
1- Who wrote "A Farewel l to Arms"? When was i t wri tten?
- Ernest Hemingway wrote it in 1929.
2- How do you know that "A Farewel l to Arms" was successful ?
- 80,000 books were sold in four months.
3-How many books di d "A Farewel l to Arms" sel l i n the fi rst four months?
- 80,000 books.
4-What was the nati onal i ty of Frederi c Henry?
- He was American.
109

5-Why di d Frederi c Henry go to Europe?
- To help the Italian soldiers during the First World War.
6-Di d Frederi c have to hel p the Ital i an sol di ers?
- No, he didn't have to but he wanted to.
7-What happened to Frederi c Henry duri ng the Fi rst Worl d War?
- He was badly injured.
8-How i s Frederi c Henry' s l i fe i n "A Farewel l to Arms" l i ke Ernest
Hemi ngway' s l i fe?
- They both left their country to fight in a war and were badly wounded.
9- Why di d Frederi c have to go to a speci al hospi tal i n Mi l an?
- Because he was badly wounded in the legs.
10- Who l ooked after Frederi c Henry i n the hospi tal ?
- Catherine Barkley.
11- Where was Catheri ne Barkl ey from?
- England
12- What was Catheri ne?
- She was an English nurse.
13-Frederi c was badl y wounded i n the war. Di d thi s stop hi m hel pi ng the
Ital i an sol di ers agai n?
- No, it doesn't.
14- What di d Frederi c do when he recovered from hi s wounds?
- He went back to help the Italian soldiers.
15- Why di d Frederi c have to return to Mi l an agai n?
- Because things didn't go well and he was in danger.
16-Why di d Frederi c and Catheri ne escape to another country?
- Because Frederic was in danger.
17- How di d Frederi c and Catheri ne spend thei r ti me together?
- They spent all their time together, walking, talking and reading.
18-What happened to Catheri ne i n the end?
- She died.
19-What speci al qual i ti es do nurses l i ke Catheri ne need?
- Patience, strength, the ability to care for people, not to be frightened of blood, etc.
20- What qual i ti es coul d you bri ng to an i mportant job?
- Patience, taking decisions, determination, skill and hard work.
1- If you look (at-for-up-after) your clothes they last a lot longer.
2- She can't go out to work because she has to stay at home to care (of-for-at-over)
her elderly mother.
3- Some people are frightened (of-about-for-at) spiders.
110
4- Road works have caused (car-traffic-vehicle-accident) jams throughout the city
centre.
5- If I want to (relaxation-relaxed-relax-relaxing), I read a book or listen to music.
6- The soldier didn't sleep for four nights. That's why he was so (exhaustion-
exhausted-exhaust-exhausting).
7- My elder brother is good at (making-saying-speaking-telling) jokes.
8- While he was in Italy, Frederic was (badly-bad-worse-worst) wounded.
9- He drove so fast that I really felt my life was (at-of-with-)in danger.
10- She had the (able-ability-capable-can) to explain things clearly and concisely.
11- He went to the (butcher's-dressmaker's-baker's-florist's) to get some bread.
12- It took her a long while to (recover-cover-health-healthy) after her heart operation.
13- Try not to (carry-worry-lorry-sorry). There's nothing you can do to change the
situation.
14- Ashraf's new house is (next-near-nearby-nearly) to the park.
15- Mr Moussa lives in the house (at-in-of-on) the right.
16- They've bought a new house, but it will need a lot of work before they can (return-
leave-move-go) into it.
17- You (cousin-friend-sister-neighbour) is someone who lives very near to you.
18- She's got to go into (hospital-hospitality-prison-workhouse) for three weeks to have
an operation.
19- Our neighbours behave in a pleasant, kind way towards people. They have always
been very (friendly-friend-friendship-friendliness) towards us.
20- He's a good teacher, but he doesn't have much (patient-patients-pain-patience)
with the slower pupils.
Read the text bel ow, then wri te the word whi ch best fi ts each space:
Many people think that A Farewell to Arms, which Ernest Hemingway wrote in
1929, is his best novel. It was very successful in the first four months in the
bookshops, 80,000 books were (1). . It is the story of a young American
(2) Frederic Henry who goes to Europe to help the Italian soldiers during
the First World War. He is badly (3). in the legs and is sent to a special
(4).to recover. An English nurse, Catherine Barkley, looks (5)
. him, and the two become very friendly. When Frederic is better again,
they (6). And live very happily together in a small mountain village.
Grammar Review
Present perfect tense

has / have + p.p .
-I have seen that fi l m.
- He has sent me an e-mail this morning.
.
-I've l i ved in Cairo since 1999 / for 10 years. (I'm still living there.)
.
-I' ve just fi ni shed my fi rst year at uni versi ty.
. .
-She has pol i shed her shoes.
- She pol i shed her shoes yesterday.
111
:
already / just / ever / never / yet / since / for / so far / lately / recently
-He has typed five letters so far.
:
since for .
since since
since .
-I haven t seen him si nce last week.
-I haven t seen him si nce he l eft for Cairo.
The present perfect continuous tense

has / have + been + v. + ing
-He has been l earni ng English for five years.
.
- Alis clothes are covered in paint. He has been pai nti ng the ceiling.
) since / for / all (+
- He has been worki ng there si nce he passed his exams.
- He has been worki ng there for a long time.
- He has been pl ayi ng football all day.
still / now / yet .
- It has been rai ni ng for three hours now.
- He has been pai nti ng his flat and he hasnt finished yet.
- He has been pai nti ng his flat and hes sti l l painting it.
Comparative & Superlative adjectives

' than .
- I'm tal l er than my brother.
' the .
- I'm the tal l est student in the class.
Short adjecti ves (One syl l abl e): ) )
' er than est
the
Longer
adjecti ves
(Two or more syl l abl es):
) )
' y y i er / est
Adjecti ve Comparati ve Superl ati ve
tall ) )
short
taller than
shorter
the tallest
the shortest
112
heavy
busy
heavier than
busiest than
the heaviest
the busiest
' ) ) more / most +
expensive
successful
more expensive than
more successful than
the most expensive
the most successful
- Hani is more honest than Ali.
- Hani is the most honest student in class.
Irregul ar adjecti ves:
good
bad
many / much
far
little
better than
worse than
more than
farther (further) than
less than
the best
the worst
the most
the farthest (furthest)
the least
- Mark is a good student.
- Mark is better than Ali.
- Mark is the best student in the class.
' less / least more / the most
- My car is l ess comfortabl e than yours, but Ali's is the l east.
' + as ( ) as . +
- Ali is as tal l as Peter.
= They are the same hei ght.
' + as ( ) not as (so . + (
- Ali isn t as ol d as Peter.
= Peter is the ol der of the two.
2) Adverbs
'
' ly
Adjecti ve Adverb
careful
slow
carefully
slowly
' fast / hard / late
- He took a fast train. (adj. )
- The train runs fast. (adv. )
'
Adjecti ve Adverb
good Well
' .
- He's a very careful wri ter. (carefully)
113
He wri tes very sl owl y.
- I'm a bad spel l er. (badly)
I spel l badl y.
- They're very hard workers. (work)
They work very hard.
- I'm a sl ow reader. (slowly)
I read sl owl y.
The future
:
1) will + inf. ( (
Use wi l l + + for: will
predi cti ons:
- I expect Lucy and Paul wi l l stay for dinner.
future facts:
- It's my birthday next Tuesday. I' l l be seventeen.
qui ck deci si ons:
- Oh, that's the doorbell. I' l l get it.
offers:
- I' l l make dinner tonight.
requests:
- Wi l l you open the door for me, please?
threats:
- I' l l resi gn if I don't get a pay rise.
promi ses:
- I' l l buy you a mobile phone if you succeed.
2) going to + infinitive ( (
Use goi ng to + + for: going to
future pl ans, i ntenti ons and deci si ons:
- Next month I' m goi ng to buy a new car.
- "Why are you turning on the TV? I m goi ng to watch the news."
- I m goi ng to study medicine.
future predi cti ons wi th evi dence:
- There are clouds in the sky. It i s goi ng to rai n.
- It's really dark. I think i t' s goi ng to rai n.
- "You look very happy. Have you had some good news?"
"Yes, my sister i s goi ng to have a baby."
114
3) Present continu ous
Use present conti nuous for:
arrangements and compl eted pl ans:
- The school inspector i s comi ng on Thursday. He' s arri vi ng at 10 o'clock.
1- A Farewell to Arms was Hemingway's most (succeed-success-succeeded-successful)
novel.
2- Frederic and Catherine lived (happy-happily-happen-happiest) in a small town.
3- I have studied English (since-for-ago-in) five years.
4- "Has your brother left university?" "Yes, he (left-has left-had left-is leaving) two
years ago."
5- (Have-Has-Is-Had) you ever been to Australia?
6- He has studied Chinese (in-ago-for-since) 2006.
7- "What are your plans for the summer?" "I (will look-am going to look-am looking-
look) for a part-time job."
8- "Are you doing anything this afternoon?" "No, I (won't do-don't do-am not doing-
didn't do) anything."
9- Ali (had worked-is working-has worked-would work) in Cairo for six months.
10-"When is your birthday?" "Next Monday. I (will be-am being-am going to be-am)
16."
11-"Have you seen the new James Bond film?" "No, but I (will see-am going to see-
have seen-see) it this afternoon with Jane."
12-"We haven't got any coffee." "Don't worry, I (will get-am going to get-is getting-am
getting) some."
13-Shanghai is more polluted (to-as-from-than) Cairo.
14-She (learned-was learning-would learn-has been learning) English since she was
four.
15-Mumbai is a (big-bigger-biggest-more big) city than Alexandria.
16-Shanghai is one of (most-more-less-the most) polluted cities in the world.
17-Mumbai is one of the (biggest-bigger-biggest-most big) cities in the world.
18-Tokyo is a (the most-most-more-least) crowded city than Paris.
19-Tokyo is one of (the most-most-more-less) crowded cities in the world.
20-He writes very (careful-carefully-care-careless).
1- The Congo isn't as long as Mississippi. (longer)
2- London airport is busier than Paris airport. (London airport is one.....)
3- Shanghai is a larger port than Alexandria. (largest)
4- Rania and Dalia are of the same age. (as as)
5- The Nile is the longest river in the world. (There isn't)
6- My uncle began working as an engineer 5 years ago. (has been)
7- Cairo is polluted but Shanghai is more polluted. (as ..as)
8- We have planned to spend the weekend in Alexandria. (going to)
9- They have lived in Cairo for ten years. (since)
10-Hani isn't as tall as Sami. (taller)
115
11-I promise to buy you a new mobile if you get high marks. (will)
12-I've got my plane ticket to leave for London tomorrow. (leaving)
13-He intends to travel to America next month. (going)
14-It began raining an hour ago. (for)
15-I'd like you to help me with my homework. (Will?)
Correct the underl i ned mi stakes i n the fol l owi ng paragraph:
Naguib Mahfouz was born in Cairo in 1911. He was youngest
child in his family. He said he has a happy childhood. He was
greatly interested with reading the works of great authors. His
writings reveal the social conditions in Egypt who he lived and
died.
1- ..
2-
3- ..
4- ..
Test
1- Fi ni sh the fol l owi ng di al ogue:
Ola : Oh no, we haven't got any bread.
Ashraf: . .
Ola : Thanks. Could you also buy some potatoes?
Ashraf: .
Ola : Oh yes, I didn't see those. Have you got enough money for the bread?
Ashraf: .
Ola : Which shop are you going to go to?
Ashraf: .
1- The sky has suddenly gone very dark. Someone asks you what you think about the
weather in the near future. What do you say?
2- Someone asks your opinion about a book you have read. What do you say?
3- A friend asks about your holiday plans for next summer. Your plan is to spend a
month in Turkey. What do you say to your friend.
4- Someone asks you what famous Egyptian you admire. What do you say?
1- My uncle lived in Australia .. three years.
a) since b) ago c) for d) during
2- I never traveled outside my country.
a) has b) have c) am d) was
3- A professional helped Abu-Heif to become a famous swimmer.
a) trainer b) train c) training d) trains
4- I couldn't run any farther because I was completely .
a) tired b) exhausting c) tiring d) exhausted
5- The Old Man and the Sea is shorter .. A Farewell to Arms.
a) than b) as c) that d) to
6- To many people, The Old Man and the Sea is Hemingway's novel.
a) good b) best c) better d) well
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7- Some people think that Dickens is the .. important English novelist.
a) most b) more c) very d) much
8- Mr and Mrs Mohamed are .. and wife.
a) son b) father c) brother d) husband
9- Our fill with air when we breathe.
a) walk b) walks c) walked d) walking
10- It took the taxi two hours to reach the station because of the . jam.
a) car b) traffic c) vehicle d) accident
4- Rewri te usi ng the word(s) i n brackets to gi ve the same meani ng:
1- If finished my homework and then I watched a DVD. (After)
2- I was so extremely tired that I slept for twelve hours. (exhausted)
3- Leila can't find her school bag. (lost)
4- There isn't a longer river in the world than the Nile. (longest)
One day, there will be no oil left. Everyone (1) that, but more and
more (2) are traveling by plane. This is because (3).. travel is
cheaper than ever before. It is sometimes cheaper to (4) to another country
than to travel a hundred kilometres on a train. As well as using fuel, planes produce
air (5).. . We can't stop air travel, but we should (6)
carefully before we decide to fly.
For homework, Youssef's class had to study traffic. Their teacher told them to
stand outside their houses for one hour that evening and count the vehicles they saw.
Youssef's friends lived in the town, but Youssef's father was a farmer, so he
lived in the country. For one hour, Youssef stood outside his house, but very few
vehicles went past. After fifteen minutes, he saw a bicycle. After another thirty
minutes, a car drove past. Finally Youssef saw his neighbour driving a tractor.
The next day, the teacher asked the students what they had seen. Ahmed
who lived in the town had seen a hundred cars, six buses and twenty lorries. The
other students had seen about the same. When the teacher asked Youssef, he didn't
want to answer. Then he said, "I saw a tractor, one car and a bicycle." All the other
students laughed, but the teacher smiled and said, "You live in the best place,
Youssef. Think of all the pollution the other students breathe every day. Think how
nice it is to live in a place with clean air."
B) Answer the fol l owi ng questi ons:
1- Where did the students have to stand to count the vehicles they saw?
2- How long had Youssef been waiting when he saw the car?
3- Why didn't Youssef want to answer the teacher's question?
4- Who or what does the underlined word them refer to?
B) Choose the correct answer from a, b, c, or d:
5- Where do most of Youssef's friends live?
a) in the country
b) near Youssef
c) in the town
d) near the school
6- Why does Youssef live in the country?
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a) because he likes to breathe clean air
b) because most of his friends live in the town
c) because of his father's job
d) because he doesn't like traffic
7- Why did the other students laugh?
a) because they were very happy
b) because Youssef had seen only three vehicles
c) because Youssef lived in the country
d) because the teacher told them a joke
1- What was the old man's job in The Old Man and the Sea?
2- Why couldn't the old man pull the fish to the boat?
3- Why couldn't the old man sell the fish he had caught?
4- Do you think it was a good idea for the old man to go fishing alone? Why? Why
not?
5- Why do you think Manolin was worried about the old man after he returned from
the sea?
6- How do you think the old man and Manolin felt at the end of the story?
B)Read the fol l owi ng quotati on and then answer the questi ons:
"Listen. There isn't a bus for a quarter of an hour. I've got my car in the station-
yard."
1- What did the speaker offer?
2- How was the weather at that time?
3- What did the stranger steal?
E) Wri ti ng
8- Wri te a paragraph seven (7) sentences about :
A person's fight against nature
F) Transl ati on
1- The Arabs had a great civilization in the past.
2- Engineers designed electric cars.
.
Unit 7 Health and Safety 1
st
Year Secondary
Tape Script
Presenter: Today's programme is on a subject that is worrying many people: bird flu. We
have an expert on bird flu in the studio today, so let's have our first question.
Caller 1: Hello! my question is, can humans catch bird flu?
Expert: Hello! The short answer to your question is "Yes". In fact, by 2007,more than 300
people had caught the disease. But only about half of these people died. But you shouldn't
worry - it is very unusual for humans to catch this kind of flu. They have to be very near
infected birds. It is extremely unusual for humans to catch bird flu from other humans.
118
Presenter: And now caller two. can we have your question?
Caller 2: Good morning. I 'd like to know where the recent outbreak of bird flu began.
Expert: Experts believe it started in 2003 in Asia. 100 million birds were killed to try to stop
the disease, but by 2005 to 2006, there were new outbreaks in Africa, the Middle East and
Europe.
Caller 2: And what's happening now? Has the disease disappeared?
Expert: No, I'm afraid not. It's still with us, but we believe its under control.
Presenter: Can we have our third question, please?
Caller 3: Hi. Can you tell me what kind of bird can catch bird flu?
Expert: That's very easy: all kinds of wild birds as well as farm birds like chickens. But
other animals, like cats, can also catch it.
Presenter: We just have time for one more question. This is our last caller for today.
Caller4: Hello. What should people do to protect themselves?
Expert: Well most people who catch bird flu live very near to birds which have The disease.
If you have touched an infected bird, you must wash very well. If you think you may have the
disease, you must see your doctor.
How to avoid illness
Cleanliness is extremely important in protecting us from infections. Hygiene (your own
cleanliness) and sanitation (public cleanliness) are both important. Many infections of the
stomach pass from one person to another because of bad sanitation and hygiene. If a child
has dirty hands, they will be covered with millions of germs which we cannot see. If that
child gives sweets to another child, some of those germs will be passed to the other child.
When this child eats the sweet, he or she will eat some of the germs and may become ill. The
child's mother may say that it is because her child ate the sweet, but it is really because her
child ate the other child's germs. These are some of the rules of hygiene. You should always
wash your hands before a meal. You should bathe more often in hot weather or when you
have been running or been to the gym. You should also be very careful about the food you
eat and the water you drink. Make sure that flies and other insects do not land on your
food. Insects eat dirt and there are germs in dirt. If insects land on your food, they may pass
their germs on to you. You must not leave pieces of food or dirty dishes laying around,
because they will attract flies, You can protect food from flies and germs by covering it. You
should always boil tap water before you drink it.
Finally, you must never eat food that smells bad because it may be poisonous. Do not eat
food from a tin if the tin is damaged; the food will probably be bad.
Our son's hospital not clean, says family
A young patient is ill in hospital after a cut on his finger became
infected. The boy's family said that their son's bed was not very clean. Doctors
and nurses looking after the boy said they were very disappointed by the news.
They promised to clean the hospital and equip it properly.
New Vocabulary
Lessons ( 1&2)
subject domestic
worry dirty
bird flu lion
expert elephant
humans wild
illness invention
119
catch
rule
short law
unusual suggestion
kind advice
infect smoke
infected birds hospital
extremely eat
caller weekend
outbreak game
believe fast
expert motorway
disease area
disappear get fit
under control put on weight
wild birds remember

farm birds late
chickens library
animals hit
protect cross
touch quiet
wash attract
hungry germs
Lessons (3 4 & 5)
limit public
ride micro
pick organisms
noise stomach
pass fly
meal poisonous
weather look after
sweet spread
move disease
kettle multiply
electrical hot
restaurant ill
dishes fresh
sink cause
smoke sick
cleanliness recover
happiness hygiene
carelessness safe
loneliness keep safe
politeness advertisement
120
polite seat belt
catch bird flu covered with
protect from catch an infection
keep away from pass to ....
worried about careful about /
catch a disease make sure
be infected with lying around
prevent (stop) from covered up
an expert on / in smell bad
in fact have a bath
under control look after
become ill go wrong
land on food from a very early age
get fit set a good example
put on weight on the skin
in a hurry / become infected
play music throw away
make noise cut on the finger
Keep safe in contact with
get infected keep food
pass from to .... drive on a road
Definitions
di sease:
An illness or serious medical condition.
fl u:
A common disease which is like a bad cold but is more serious.
i nfected:
Someone who is infected with a disease has a disease; a wound that is
infected has harmful bacteria in it which prevent it from getting better.
outbreak: /
When something bad like a serious disease or war starts.
wi l d:
Animals and plants live or grow in natural conditions and are not looked after
by people on farms, in gardens, etc.
attract:
If someone attracts people or things it makes them move towards it.
germ:
A very small living thing that can make you ill.
i nfecti on: /
A disease in a part of your body that is caused by bacteria or a virus.
publ i c:
Relating to all the ordinary people in a country or area.
121
stomach:
The part of your body where food is digested.
cl eanl i ness:
Being clean.
fl y:
A common kind of insect.
poi sonous:
Containing something that can kill you or make you ill.
di rty:
Not clean.
Language Notes
phrasal verbs
Break
break /
break away
break down /
break into/in
break out / ) )
break through
Look
look look after
look forward look for
look like look up to
look up ( ( look around
look down on look out
take
take / take place
take part take out
take away take in
take off ( ) / take after
take to / take over
include ( / )
=The list includes his name.
contain ( )
=It contains rice.
consist of ) )
=The team consists of 11 players.
In
=In a hurry ( (
=In a rush ( (
=In a haste ( (
die
=die (of / from ) # My father died of cancer. # He died from his bad wounds
= die away # I kept watching him until he died away.
=die out = extinct # Many huge animals died out millions of years ago.
= die for # I really died for my country .
122
Questions and answers:
1- Why is cleanliness important? - It protects us from infections.
2- What does cleanliness include? - It includes hygiene and sanitation.
3- What is the difference between hygiene and sanitation?
- Hygiene is your personal cleanliness and sanitation is public cleanliness.
4- What can bad hygiene and sanitation cause?
- They can cause many stomach infections.
5- Can we see germs? Why?
- We can't see germs because they are very small.
6- Was the second child infected because he ate the chocolate?
- No. He was infected because he ate germs from the first child's dirty hands.
7- What should we do before meals? - We should wash our hands.
8- How should we keep food? Why?
- We should cover food to stop flies landing on it.
9- Why mustnt we have dirty dishes or pieces of food lying
around?
- Because they attract insects which pass infections to us.
10- How often should one bathe or wash?
- One should bathe more often in hot weather and after taking exercise.
11- What happens if you eat food from a damaged tin?
- You become ill because food from a damaged tin can be bad and poisonous.
12- How dangerous is out-of-date food?
- Out-of-date food can be poisonous, so it can pass infection or illness to us.
13- What should parents teach their children? Why?
- The rules of hygiene and sanitation to protect them from infections.
14- What happens if a child is dirty?
- A duty child may become ill or pass infection to other children.
15- How should our hospitals be like?
- Our hospitals should be well-equipped, clean and hygienic.
16- What other places that should be clean and hygienic?
- Restaurants, schools, universities and all public places where a lot of people gather.
17- What would you say to a mother whose child is dirty?
- Please, take care of your child; keep him clean to protect him from infections.
18- How can you make sure water is safe to drink? - Boil it before
drinking
19- where did the outbreak of bird flu begin? - In Asia
20- what kind of animals and birds can catch bird flu?
- Chickens , all kinds of birds and domestic animals like cats.
21- why shouldnt humans be worried about bird flu?
- Because its very unusual for humans to catch bird flu
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22- what should humans do to protect themselves from bird
flu?
- If you have touched an infected bird , you must wash very well.
- If you think you nay have the disease, you must see your doctor.
Exercises
1- Three hundred people died .......... bird flu.
a) by b) about c) on d) of
2- Bird......... is a disease which both farm and wild birds may catch.
a) cold b) cough c) flu d) illness
3-protects us from infections diseases.
a) Clean b) Cleanly c) Cleaned d) Cleanliness
4- The ................ of AIDS in the world started in Africa.
a) break in b) outbreak c) breakthrough d) break
5- The change of the climate is a problem that....... the whole world.
a) catches b) pleases c) worries d) covers
6- its hard for you.......... Everest.
a) climbing b) to climb c) climb d) climbed
7- Dishes lying around........... flies.
a) attend b) attempt c) attract d) attack
8- I go to a ........... where I take exercise.
a) game b) gym c) goal d) gang
9-She ............... on a lot of weight as a result of eating much fat.
a) set b) put c) laid d) lied
10- ............ is personal cleanliness.
a) Sanitation b) Hygiene c) Laundry d) Soap
11- Sanitation is.............. cleanliness.
a) personal b) special c) secret d) public
12-You may catch bird flu if you .......... a bird that has the disease.
a) see b) hear c) touch d) listen to
13............... is another word for disease.
a) Ill b) Illness c) Sick d) Sickly
14- You mustn't............. in a hospital.
a) eat b) drink c) walk d) smoke
15-How........... should I drive? - At 90 kph.
a) often b) far c) fast d) many
16-Asia has a vast......... of land.
a) era b) area c) dear d) oar
17-Scientists all over the world think the disease is ............ control.
a) below b) under c) beneath d) underneath
18-You should .......... more often in hot weather.
a) breathe b) bathe c) pass d) press
19- ..of food mustnt be out of date.
a) Teens b) Tens c) Tins d) Tunes
20-Don't leave dirty dishes or pieces of food ............ around.
a) led b) lied c) lying d) laying
21-You must........ food to protect it from flies.
a) uncover b) cover c) discover d) recover
22- Can you predict what will .......... wrong if you eat bad food?
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a) go b) leave c) come d) travel
23-Computer labs should be ............ with modern sets.
a) built b) equipped c) painted d) cleaned
24-Children are interested in watching ......... of sweets on TV.
a) clips b) films c) cartoons d) advertisements
25-If you are on a plane,.............. your seat belt.
a) wind b) wear c) worry d) wash
26-If you follow the rules of cleanliness, you are ....... from many diseases.
a) in danger b) dangerous c) safe d) saving
27- Children adore..
a) chocolate b) charity c) cheetah d) charge
28-His car ............ mine but there was no damage.
a) kicked b) hit c) heated d) hated
29-Children of the neighbourhood go ............... in a nearby park.
a) sailing b) cycling c) swimming d) fishing
30-Don't ever.............. flowers in a garden.
a) pack b) bake c) pick d) book
31-We must........ touching chickens infected with bird flu.
a) love b) avoid c) avail d) verify
32-Bird flu can ............ from an infected bird to another.
a) go b) pass c) leave d) move
33-He was so tired because of .......... hard.
a) work b) working c) worked d) works
34-You have to be careful.............. your health.
a) on b) about c) by d) to
35-Flies are dangerous ......... that can carry diseases from human to human.
a) birds b) insects c) animals d) fish
36-Don't allow flies to ............ on your food.
a) sit b) land c) go d) walk
37- ................... is a source of germs.
a) Cleanliness b) Hygiene c) Sanitation d) Dirt
38-If you .......... tap water, it's safe.
a) boil b) hit c) hear d) hinder
39-The food .......... delicious.
a) smells b) tastes c) feels d) touches
40- A ............. is someone who makes a telephone call.
a) seller b) caller c) cellar d) cell
41-............. can catch bird flu from infected birds.
a) Machines b) Humans c) Robots d) Planes
2- Read the text below, and then write the word which best fits
each space:
There are some rules that you should follow to protect yourself from diseases...(1)... your
hands before you eat. You should also .....(2).... more often in hot weather. You shouldn't
leave dirty dishes ....(3)...around. .. (4).. food so that flies don't land on it. ...(5)... tap water
before drinking .If you follow these rules, you won't.. (6).. any disease.
Translation
Translate into Arabic:
A lot of people don't choose the job that suits them. They don't succeed because they
don't care for their abilities. The youth can begin small projects that appealed to them.
Translate into English:
125
.
Grammar Study
Necessity and lack of Necessity
Present
It is necessary
Necessity
must have to has to +
You must study hard.
You have to study hard.
He has to study hard.
It is necessary to pay the money.
You must ( have to ) pay the money.
It is not
necessary
lack of Necessity
needn't - don't have to - doesn't have to +
You needn't study hard. must
You don't have to study hard. He doesn't have to study hard.
It is not necessary to buy meat.
You needn't ( don't have to ) buy meat.
Past
It was necessary
Necessity
had to +
You had to study hard. He had to study hard.
It was necessary for her to take a taxi.
She had to take a taxi.
It was not
necessary
lack of Necessity
didn't have to + inf
needn't have + pp
I didn't have to take a taxi. ( I didn't take a taxi )
I needn't have taken a taxi. ( I took a taxi )
It was not necessary for her to buy bread as I bought.
She didn't have to buy bread.
It was not necessary for me to buy milk but I bought.
I needn't have bought milk.
Future
It will be
necessary
Necessity
will have to +
You will have to study hard.
It will be necessary to bring your car.
You will have to bring your car.
lack of Necessity
Modal verbs
126
It will not be
necessary
won't have to +
You won't have to study hard. It
will not be necessary to buy food tomorrow.
You won't have to buy food tomorrow.
Should - Ought to + inf & Shouldnt - Ought not to + inf

+
It is advisable to
Should =
It is desirable to
I advise you to
If I were you, I would
It would be a good idea to
it is a good thing to
You had better
You would rather
+ Should .
You should / ought to see that film if you get the chance.
= It would be a good idea to see that film.
+ Should .
A. Do you think we should / ought to ask before we borrow the car ?
B. I think you should / ought to look for another job.
+ Should .
Why are those students playing in the yard? They should / ought to be inside the classroom.
+ Should .
I should be late at work this afternoon I have a lot of work to do.
Shouldn't +
+ .

+
It is not advisable to
Shouldn't =
It is not desirable to
I advise you not to
If I were you, I wouldn't
It would not be a good idea to
It is not a good thing to
You had better not
You would rather not
You shouldnt stay up late.
= It is not advisable ( inadvisable ) to stay up late. = I advise you not to stay up late.
Should + have + pp Shouldnt have + pp
Should + have + pp
+ .
You should have told me you were coming. I didnt expect you.
He should have helped his friend but he didnt.
Shouldnt have + pp
+ .
He shouldnt have parked his car in a no parking place..
He shouldnt have driven on the wrong side of the street.
127
+ : ought to should ought to
Shouldnt .
Exercise
Choose the correct answer:-
1-You have an important test at school next week. You should (start-starting-started-to start)
revising now.
2-You (shouldn't-can't-mustn't-should) always boil tap water before you drink it.
3-You (must-mustn't-ought to-shouldn't) eat any food that smells bad.
4-It's dangerous to drive so fast. You (should-mustn't-ought-shouldn't) drive more slowly.
5-If you have touched an infected bird, you (shouldn't-must-can't-could) wash very well.
6-You (shouldnt-mustnt-should-ought to) drive. Youre too tired.
7-This is a really good book. You (ought to-must-may-might) read it.
8-You (mustnt-neednt-dont have to-wont) park here. It says a No Parking area.
9-You (mustn't-shouldn't-oughtn't-must) eat crisps they're bad for your health.
10-You (mustn't-ought-shouldn't-must) throw away food if you think it is bad or poisonous.
- Rewrite the following sentences, using the word(s) in brackets:
1. It was necessary for him to take a taxi as he was late. ( He )
2. Is it necessary for him to attend the party ? ( Does he )
3. You mustnt park here. There is a No parking sign. ( allow )
4. Its necessary for us to take a taxi to get there on time. ( must )
5. You mustnt smoke here. ( smoking )
6. Samira bought some eggs. At home she found plenty of eggs. ( neednt )
7. It is not necessary to do your homework tonight. ( neednt )
8. I advise you to work hard to succeed. ( should )
9. It wasnt necessary for him to accept her invitation to dinner. ( neednt )
10. Turn off the lights before going to bed . ( should )
11. Why did you come late ? ( should have )
12. You shouldnt waste your time. ( advise )
13. Why did you smoke here? ( shouldnt have )
14. I didnt know the time of the meeting and you didnt tell me. ( should have )
15. Why did you leave your bike here? ( shouldnt have)
16. It is advisable to read a lot in your spare time. ( should )
17. Why didnt you tell me the fact? ( should have )
18. It is inadvisable to waste your time in doing silly things. ( shouldnt )
19. Rubbish mustn't be thrown in the street . ( Do not )
20. Don't put hot cups on this table . ( shouldn't be )
21. Its very cold. He was walking along road without a coat. ( shouldnt have )
22. It is not necessary that parcel yourself. The shop will send it. ( you don't )
23. It is not necessary to write the report today. ( have )
24. He took a taxi. It wasn't necessary to do so. ( have )
25. It is necessary for him to drive us to the cinema. ( had to )
26. It will be necessary for us to get up early. ( We )
27. It was not necessary to walk. He took us in his taxi. ( We )
General Exercises
1- Finish the following dialogue :
Ahmed is talking to his friend. Osama about bird flu.
Ahmed: Can humans catch bird flu?
128
Osama: .........(1).......... .More than 300 people caught it.
Ahmed: ..........(2)...................... .
Osama: You shouldn't worry like that. ............(3)...............?
Ahmed: The recent outbreak of bird flu began in Asia in 2003.
Osama: What should people do to protect themselves from bird flu?
Ahmed: ................(4).................... .
2- Write what you would say in each of the following situations :
1- You advise your friend not to spend too much money.
2- Your brother is ill and you give him advice.
3- Your sister is opening a tin. It looks damaged and the food smells bad. Advise her.
4- You advise your schoolmates to keep your school clean.
3- Write a paragraph of seven (7) sentences about :
"How to avoid illness by following pieces of advice on the rules of good health"
4- A) Translate into Arabic :
1- A piece of useful advice to avoid road accidents is to wear a seat belt even if you are not
going very far.
2- If you have touched an infected bird, you must wash very well in order not to catch bird
flu.
B) Translate into English :
.
Test
1- Fi ni sh the fol l owi ng di al ogue .
Tom Jones is not feeling well, so he has decided to go to the doctor.
Tom : Good morning, doctor.
Doctor: Good morning, Mr. Jones. ..?
Tom : Well, doctor, I have difficulty in breathing.
Doctor: Tell me, Mr. Jones, .?
Tom : Well. Yes, I do.
Doctor: ?
Tom : I used to smoke 60 cigarettes a day, but now I smoke 40.
Doctor: Well, the only advice .
Tom : Ok, doctor. Ill do my best. Thank you very much.
1- A friend raises chickens and wants to know how to prevent getting bird flu.
2- You are visiting someone in hospital when you see another visitor smoking.
3- One of your friends is getting too fat. He's asking for your advice.
4- Your teacher asks you what you should do before a meal.
1- "Disease" means a/an or serious medical condition.
a) cure b) suffering c) illness d) examination
2- An important rule of personal .. is to wash your hands before eating .
a) sanitation b) hygiene c) infection d) germs
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3- You should water before you drink it.
a) boiling b) to boil c) boil d) boils
4- If you do exercise regularly, you won't weight.
a) put off b) put away c) put down d) put on
5- My brother .. an injection while he was on holiday.
a) caught b) did c) found d) picked
6- Have you heard? There's a new of bird flu in China.
a) breakout b) infection c) outbreak d) disease
7- is very important in a hospital.
a) Clean b) Cleanliness c) Cleaned d) Cleans
8- My grandfather has promised smoking next week.
a) stop b) stopping c) stopped d) to stop
9- Most people are worried .. bird flu.
a) with b) about c) out d) on
10- You park here as there's a "No Parking" area .
a) should b) must c) mustn't d) needn't
(4)Rewri te the fol l owi ng sentences usi ng the word(s) i n brackets to gi ve
the same meani ng:
1- You look very ill. I advise you to see a doctor at once. (should)
2- It's a good idea to go the gym more often. (ought to)
3- Don't eat food from a damaged tin; the food may be bad. (mustn't)
4- It's a good idea to take exercise regularly. (should)
Cleanliness is extremely important in protecting us from infections. (your
own cleanliness) and . (public cleanliness) are both important.
.. can pass from one child if children do not wash hands often. That is
why you should always wash your hands before a and right after you come
home. You should more often in hot weather or if you have been
exercising. Never leave pieces of food lying around because they .. flies.
The work of Louis Pasteur is responsible more than any other factor for the great
strides made in medical science in conquering disease after his time. He discovered
and proved that infectious diseases are caused by germs. Pasteur was born in France. He
studied chemistry at school in Paris and at the Sorbonne. In 1867, he became a professor of
chemistry in the Sorbonne. In 1850s his study of living things began. Out of his experiments
came ideas, which he developed, into great contributions to the health of humanity
.
When the silkworm farmers of southern France found their silkworms dying, they
asked for Pasteurs help. After making a number of tests, he found parasites on the sick
silkworms. He taught the farmers how to overcome them successfully. Pasteur showed
how disease in animals such as cholera could be prevented and cured / .
The pasteurization of milk is a process by which the growth of germs in the milk
is stopped. This has proved of untold value in saving the lives of many children. This
process too was originated by Pasteur. In honour of his life work, the Pasteur Institute
was founded in Paris by the French government.
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1-Where did Pasteur come from?
2-Who were directly affected by Pasteurs work?
3-How did Pasteur save the silk industry?
4-What does the word process in bold refer to?
5- Pasteur made his discoveries by .
a)studying chemistry in the Sorbonne.
b)making experiments on living things.
c)curing and preventing cholera in animals.
d)founding the Pasteur Institute.
6-Pasteur proved thatcause infectious diseases.
a) germs b) silkworms
c) animals d) farmers
7-Farmers could save the silk industry with the help of.
a) parasites b) cholera
c) Pasteur d) germs
1- Why is it so important to follow rules of hygiene?
2- Why should you bather more often in hot weather?
3- How should you keep food?
4- What will happen if insects land on your food?
5- Show the difference in meaning between hygiene and sanitation.
6- Name some of the rules of hygiene.
E) Wri ti ng
"What people should do to prevent illness"
F) Transl ati on
1- Hospitals should be clean and well-equipped.
2- You should always wash your hands before a meal.
.
UNIT 8 8 William Shakespeare 1
st
year Secondary
Listening
A : let's do this Shakespeare quiz, shall we?
B : OK. what's the first question?
A : When was Shakespeare born? Was it 1564..1764 or I 964?
B : It was a long time ago. It must be 1564.
A : OK, the second question is this: How old was Shakespeare when he left school? Was it
when he was 10, 12 or 14?
B : I think it was when he was 14.
A : I agree. He wouldn't have been such a good writer if he 'd left school when he was 10 or
12.
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B : What's the next question?
A : What was Shakespeare's wife's name? Was it Anne, Mary or Jane?
B : I think it was Mary, but I'm not sure.
A : I think it was Anne. And question four: Which of these is not a play by Shakespeare?
Macbeth, Hamlet and Juliet, or King Lear.
B : Definitely Hamlet and Juliet. It was Romeo and Juliet, wasn't it?
A :Yes, of course. So here's the last question: What was the name of the theatre in London
where people could see Shakespeare's plays? Was it The Globe, The World or The Earth?
B : l have no idea.
A : l think it was The Globe, but I 'm not sure.
Listening
Guide : Welcome to Stratford where Shakespeare lived. I'd like to start by telling you
something about Shakespeare life. William Shakespeare was born on April 23, 1564 in
Stratford in the midlands of England . His father was a gloves maker. William went to
school when he was ? but had to leave at the age of 14 because his family had financial
problems When he was 18, Shakespeare married n farmer's daughter called Anne
Hathaway William and Anne had three children. After that. No one is sure what
Shakespeare did but in 1592 lie he left his family and went To Landon to become an
actor Soon he started writing poems and one of his longest Poem " Venis and Adonis"
was so successful that it made him famous. If he hadn't found a patron at this time. He
wouldn't have become a famous writer. By 1594. Shakespeare was a well known actor
and writer who wrote and performed for a theatre group called the king's Men
Shakespeare had started writing plays in 1588 and for the next 17 years. He wrote two
plays a year Many of these were performed at the globe theatre near to the River Thames
in London His five most famous plays are probably Romeo and Juliet written in 1596. A
Midsummer Night's Dream in 1596. Hamlet in 1601.king Lear in 1606 and Macbeth in
1606 Shakespeare dart- owned the globe theatre and He made a lot of money from it He
had enough to buy A very large house in Stratford and he retired here in 1611
Shakespeare died on April 23 1916.
KING LEAR
Lear is the King of Britain. When he is old, he decides to give his country to his three
daughters, Goneril, Regan and Cordelia. But before he does this, he asks them to tell him
how much they love him. Two of the daughters, Goneril and Regan, say they love him
much more than they really do. The third daughter, Cordelia, does not say, very . much.
She does not know how to describe her love for her father. Lear is angry with Cordelia,
and gives all his money and land to Goneril and Regan. Cordelia is sent away and goes to
live in France where she' marries the king.
Lear soon discovers that he has made a terrible mistake. It is soon obvious to him
That Cordelia and Regan said that they loved Him only so that they could have his money
And his country. The truth is that they do not Love their father at all. Lear wanders around
The country with his last two good friends Until they arrive in Dover. In France Cordelia
hears what has happened To her father. She comes to England with Soldiers to try to save
him and to take his Country back from her two sisters. English Soldiers arrive in Dover
and beat the French. Cordelia and Lear are captured and taken to Prison here, Cordelia
tells her father how much she really loves him.
New Vocabulary
Listenin g
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quiz probably
writer owner
wife learn
play describe
theatre love
idea discover
sure rich
actor part owner
patron family
perform good at
group noise
retired marry
life farmer
glove maker poems
leave well known
financial make money
problems king
opposite successful
feelings story
Reading
daughter take back
decision put into
homework prison
wander feelings
send away send away
mistake affect
obvious effective
beat wander
soldiers save
save begin
country begining
prefer capture
realize mistake
prepare luckly
risk lies
power end
truth ending
play James Bond find out /
I have no idea catch the plane
write for be taken to prison
refer to go into
famous for= known for go out
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leave for fall down /
move back to on stage
send away / / all over the world
angry with win a fight against
give his country to win a fight against
obvious to wander around
live on money from take power back
in public / be prepared to
the date on which risk his life for
make money from tell the truth
put . Into prison .... tell lies / a lie
learn from tell a story
Verbs and nouns that go together
Make & do
make do
make a decision do damage
make a mistake do homework
make money do a job
make a noise do a quiz
make a suggestion do a sport
make an effort do an exam
make the beds do enough revision
Language Note s
actor Daniel Craig is the actor who plays James Bond.
Patron . Without his rich patron Shakespeare wouldn't have been a successful
writer.
perform ) ) Shakespeare often performed in his own plays.
perform ( an operation Professor Magi Yaqoub performed a lot of heart
operations.
Theatre You can see films in the cinema and plays in the theatre.
Retire . In 1611, Shakespeare left London and retired to Stratford.
Obvious Easy to understand
Wander He wandered aimlessly in the street.
Wonder I wonder why you dont pray.
Beat I can easily beat my rivals in tennis
Music Abd Elwahab wrote wonderful music.
Musician Abd Elwahab was a great musician.
Compose He awarded a prize for composing soft music.
Composer . Mohamed Elmogy was a famous
composer.
Music-poetry-stories-novels-drama write
He is able to write music as well as poetry.
Singer . Amr Deiab is a singer.
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Poem The first thing Shakespeare wrote was a long poem
Poet Hassan Ibn Thabet was the poet of prophet Mohammed.
Poetry Farouk Gowaida writes poetry.
Prose Newspaper articles are written in prose.
diary (diaries ( He keeps his own diaries in a secret place.
diary
A: Can you come on Monday?
B: I'll just look in my diary to see if I'm free.
dairy Butter and cheese are made in the dairy.
Dairy I went to the dairy to get some cheese and eggs.
Questions and answers :
1. When did Shakespeare start writing plays? -In 1588.
2. What are Shakespeares most famous plays?
- Romeo and Juliet (1596). - A Mid summer Nights Dream (1596).
- Hamlet (1601). - King Lear (1606). - Macbeth (1606).
3-How many plays did he write a year?
- He wrote two plays a year.
4. What was unusual about the date on which Shakespeare was born and died?
It was the same date: April 23rd .
5. What did Shakespeares father do? - He was a glove maker.
6. What was the first thing Shakespeare wrote?
- The first thing he wrote was a long poem.
7. Why did he go to London? - Because he wanted to become an actor.
8. When did he start school? - He started school when he was 7.
9. What was Venus and Adonis?
- It was one of Shakespeares longest poems.
10. Why did Shakespeare have a lot of money?
- Because he part-owned the Globe Theatre.
11- Why does King Lear decide to give up his country? - Because he is old.
12- What does he want to know from his daughters?
He wants to know how much they love him.
13-What do Goneril and Regan tell their father?
They tell their father that they love him much more than they really do.
14- Why is Cordelia sent away to France?
Because she doesn't know how to describe her love for her father.
15- What happens to Cordelia when the king sends her away to France?
She goes to live there where she marries the king.
16- What terrible mistake does King Lear make?
He gives his country and money to his two daughters Goneril and Regan who don't
treally love him.
17- What is the truth about Goneril and Regan?
They said that they loved their father so that they could have his money and his country.
The truth is that they do not love their father at all.
18- Where does King Lear go?
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He wanders around the country with his last two good friends until they arrive inDover.
19- Why does Cordelia come to England with French soldiers?
To try to save her father and to take his country back from her two sisters.
20- What happens to Cordelia and her father?
English soldiers arrive in Dover and beat the French. Cordelia and Lear are captured and
taken to prison.
21- When does Cordelia tell her father how much she really loves him?
When they are captured and taken to prison.
22- How do you think Cordelia feels when she hears what happened to her father?
Very sad and sorry (because she loves him).
23- How do you think Lear feels when Cordelia tries to help him?
He realizes that Cordelia loves him more than his other daughters do and that she is
prepared to risk her life for him.
24- Who puts Cordelia and Lear into prison? Why?
The English soldiers who are working for Goneril and Regan, because Cordelia and Lear
are trying to take power back from them.
25-How do you think Lear feels when he finds out how much Cordelia loves him?
He feels ashamed , foolish , guilty and sorry.
26- How do you think the story will end? Think of a happy and unhappy ending?
Unhappy ending: I think evil is punished at end, so the two daughters will be punished.
A happy ending: The two daughters will realize their mistake and ask their father to
forgive them.
27- Which ending do you prefer? Why?
I prefer an unhappy ending to give punishment to those who! deceive their fathers and
mothers with words.
28- What do you think Lear learns from the mistakes he has made?!
King Lear learns that people can have feelings without talking about them.
29- Do you know any Egyptian stories tike King Lear?
I know a father who gave his wealth to his children and they left him alone.
30- Is there a turning point in the story?
Yes, Lear finds out that he has made a mistake.
Exercises
1-Some parents can't send their children to secondary school because of....... problems.
a) financial b) sport c) health d) pollution
2- Shakespeare's father was a .......... maker.
a) hat b) shoe c) glove d) dress
3- The earthquake ............ a lot of damage to the city.
a) made b)did c)put d)kept
4- Shakespeare was a/an ......... owner of the Globe Theatre.
a) all b) whole c) part d)full
5- A/An ............. performs in a film, serial or play.
a) patron b) actor c) novelist d) writer
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6- We went to the theatre to watch a new .......... .
a) poem b) play c) film d) match
7- In addition to his famous plays, Shakespeare wrote great......... .
a) films b) short stories c) novels d) poems
8- Most theatre groups depend on ........ to support their activity.
a) patrons b) leaders c) assistants d) grocers
9- Shakespeare was interested in ............ in his own plays.
a) sleeping b) performing c) writing d) watching
10- When he grew old, Shakespeare .......... to Stratford.
a)left b) lived c) retired d) looked
11-As one of his longest poems was very successful, Shakespeare became ................ .
a) unknown b) famous c) unpopular d) unusual
12-"The King's Men" was the theatre ........... that Shakespeare wrote plays for.
a) factory b) group c)firm d) institute
13-Lear..... his daughter, Cordelia away when she failed to describe her love for him.
a) sent b) posted c)put d)kept
14-Basim ............ around the village not knowing where exactly to
a) wondered b) wandered c) wanted d) weighed
15-Cordelia and the French ................ couldn't save Lear.
a) workers b) soldiers c) farmers d) sellers
16-Lear ......... that Goneril and Regan didn't really love him.
a) discovered b) described c) disabled d) delayed
17-What is most important about a leader is his ability to ............decisions.
a) do b)make c) write d) discover
18-This is not the only mistake you've ever ............. .
a) made b)done c) established d) built
19-Are you interested in ............. sports?
a) making b) taking c) doing d) setting
20- You should always .................... good to others.
a) make b)do c)give d)send
21-He keeps a little .............. in which he writes every day notes.
a) calendar b) diary c) dictionary d) album
22-An orchestra consists of a group of............. .
a) writers b) actors c) musicians d) singers
23-Eveyone must learn ............ their past mistakes.
a) with b)of c)off d)from
24-The number of ........ accidents has recently risen because of driving too fast.
a) desert b) road c) square d) lane
25-A good father has good .......... towards his family.
a) fillings b) feelings c) fallings d) fields
26-Can you see that he's mistaken? - Yes. It is quite ............. .
a) dark b) obvious c) clean d) cloudy
27-The king was .......... and sent to prison.
a) captured b) loved c) liked d) described
28-Cordelia didn't say how much she loved Lear. ........... she was sent away.
a) That's why b) Why c) Although d) There
29-Cordelia wanted to take Lear's country ......... from Goneril and Regan.
a) front b) back c) away d) along
30-The president retired ............... his village.
a) on b) to c) for d) at
31-The three of us bought a new house. I........... that new house.
137
a) own b) possess c) have d) part-own
32-Dr Zewail................ the femto-second.
a) invented b) discovered c) described d) happened
33-The Egyptians do the best they can ......... they can develop the tourism industry.
a) to b)but c) so that d) therefore
34-Adel Imam is a very great.............
a) musician b) pilot c) engineer d) actor
35-Egypt has ............. a fine weather that it attracts a lot of tourists.
a) such b) as c)same d) similar
36- ............. can you get high marks? - By studying hard.
a) Where b)How c)When d)Why
37-Stratford is the place .......... Shakespeare was born.
a) when b) where c)how d) what
38-They hurried .......... catch the train.
a) so b) so that c) so as to d)as
39-To tell the ........ is far much better than to tell lies.
a)true b) truth c)truthful d)truly
40-Lear was the ................ of Britain.
a) prince b)king c) president d) minister
41-Eating too may sweets .......... children a lot of harm.
a) gives b)does c)makes d) takes
2- Read the text below, then write the word which best
fits each space:
Shakespeare was one of the greatest playwrights who ever existed. His ....(1)..... are still
performed now. One of his longest ...(2).... made him famous. At the beginning of his life, he
wanted to be an ....(3).... . With the help of a rich ....(4)....., he became a great writer. Hamlet
and Macbeth are among his ....(5)..... plays. When he got old, he ....(6)..... to Stratford.
Grammar Study
The third conditional
If + , would have
+ p. p.
.
He didn't get up early, so he didn't catch the bus. (If)
If he had got up early, he would have caught the bus.
He was angry because we called him a bad name. (If)
If we hadn't called him a bad name, he wouldn't have been angry.
:
1 -
2 - if as, because therefore , so , that's
why .
3 - Had if .
If she had studied, she would have succeeded.
Had she studied, she would have succeeded.
138

What + would + +have done + if + )
) ?
What you have done if you had practiced well?
if it hadn't been for without .
Without + would have
+ p. p
If it hadn't been for + would have
+ p. p
Without hard work, he wouldn't pass the exam.
If it hadn't been for hard work, he wouldn't have passed the exam.
Exercises
1 - Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d:
1- If Ali........... the alarm, he would have got up on time.
a) set b)sets c) has set d) had set
2- If Shakespeare had not met a rich patron, he ........... become a great writer.
a) would have b) wouldn't c) wouldn't have d) won't
3- Salem .......... high marks if he hadn't studied hard.
a) won't get b) wouldn't get c) wouldn't have got d) would have got
4-1........... my best if I were you.
a) would have done b) would do c) will do d) wouldn't do
5-............. he had taken a taxi, he wouldn't have been late for work.
a) If b) Unless c) Without d) Although
6- Samir ............ some tea if he feels sleepy.
a) drank b) drinks c) would drink d) would have drunk.
7- Manal can't buy a car ........... having money.
a) if b) unless c) without d)but
8-........... Radwa got up early, she missed the school bus.
a) If b)Although c) Unless d) Without
9- If Raouf had come to the party, he ......... some old friends.
a) would meet b) would have met c ) can meet d) will meet
10-Mum .......... all our needs if she had enough money.
a) would have bought b) would buy c) will buy d) can buy
11-She .......... her exams last year without my help.
a) wouldn't pass b) wouldn't have passed c) can't pass d) won't pass
12-Unless the athlete ......... fast, he wouldn't have won the race.
a) ran b)runs c) had run d) has run
13-Seham drove fast........... she arrived late.
a) so b)but c)lf d) although
14-If Nagy ......... earlier, he would meet some of his old friends.
a) conies b)came c) had come d) has come
15.............. his financial help, I wouldn't have gone to university.
a) Unless b)If c) Without d)But
16-The team lost the game .......... they played well.
a) if b)but c) although d) unless
17-If he had been more careful, he ............ that mistake.
139
a) will make b) would have made c) wouldn't have made d) wouldn't make
18-You ............. early if you take the train.
a) arrive b) will arrive c) would arrive d) would have arrived
19-Travelling by plane is comfortable .......... expensive.
a) if b)but c) unless d) without
20-The driver wouldn't have had an accident if he ........... careless.
a) weren't b) wasn't c) had been d) hadn't been
21-If I....... you were asleep, I wouldn't have turned up the TV.
a) knew b)know c) have known d) had known
22-If the students .......... their homework, their teacher wouldn't be angry.
a) do b) had done c) have done d)did
23-If I.......... you, I wouldn't go to school late.
a) am b)were c) had been d) have been
24-Shakespeare wouldn't have gone to London if he ........... to be an actor.
a) hadn't wanted b) hasn't wanted c) didn't want d) doesn't want
25-Ragab is kind ............... people don't like him.
a) if b)so c)but d) unless
2- Rewrite the following sentences using the word(s) In brackets :
1- Many people lost their jobs because the factory closed down. (If)
2- The player played badly, so he lost the match. (if)
3- He was late for work, therefore he took a taxi. (Unless)
4- If Mona hadn't had money, she wouldn't have lent me some. (because)
5- The driver managed to avoid a serious accident as he was careful. (If)
6- Unless dad had helped me, I wouldn't have passed the test. (Without)
7- The athlete was injured. That's why he didn't finish the race. (If)
8- If Soha were not absent, she would understand this lesson. (as)
9- Shakespeare became a successful writer because he met a rich patron. (unless)
10- Unless the firemen had made great efforts, many people would have died. (without)
11-He left his coat at home, so he caught a cold. (if)
12-Although Hassan is a good student, he has got low marks (but)
13-Salma got the first prize because of her patience. (if)
14-Randa got up early but she arrived at work late. (Although)
15-It is too cold to swim. (if)
16-Shakespeare went to London. He met many theatre people there. (if)
17-He was put in prison because he accepted bribes. (Unless)
General Exercises
1- Finish the following dialogue :
Omar is talking to Fathy.
Hams : You look worried. What's wrong?
Mido : I got a very bad mark in science.
Hams : Oh! I'm sorry about that. ........(1)....................?
Mido : Because I didn't study hard. .........(2)..............?
Hams : I think you should study hard in the second term. If ................(3)....................
Mido : I know you are right.
Hams : What have you learnt from your mistake?
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Mido : ................(4)...........................
2- Write what you would say in each of the following
situations :
1- Your brother dropped his money carelessly and couldn't buy what he needed. What do
you say to him?
2- Your sister left the door of the cage open, so the birds flew away. What, do you think, she
learnt from this mistake?
3- You tell a friend what King Lear learns from his terrible mistake.
4- Your little brother was carrying many bottles of Pepsi, so they all fell down and broke.
What, do you think, he learnt from this?
3- Correct the underlined mistakes in the following
paragraph :
The first thing Shakespeare wrote was a long poem. He first went to London because
he want to be an actor. Without his rich patron, Shakespeare wouldn't have be successful.
He part owned a Globe Theatre. He made a lot of money from it. Shakespeare died in
April 23, 1616.
4- Read the text below, then write the word which best
fits each space:
Old king Lear soon discovers that he has made a terrible mistake. It is soon...(1).... to
him that his two daughters say that they love him to get his ....(2)...... The ....(3)..... is that
they do not love their ....(4).... at all. Lear ....(5).... around the country with his last two
good friends until they arrive in Dover. Cordelia comes to England with ......(6)....... to try
to save him and to take his country back.
5- Answer only Four (4) of the following questions :
1- Why is Cordelia sent away to France?
2- What terrible mistake does King Lear make?
3- What is the truth about Goneril and Regan?
4- How, do you think, Cordelia feels when she hears what has happened to her father?
5- How, do you think, Lear feels when Cordelia tries to help him?
6- What, do you think, Lear learns from the mistake he has made?
1- Shakespeare would not have been so rich if he hadn't been the part owner of the Globe
Theatre in London.
2- The rich should always help the poor in every possible way.
B) Translate into English :

Test
141
1- Fi ni sh the fol l owi ng di al ogue :
Nadia is talking to her teacher of English:
Nadia : How can I improve my English?
Teacher: . .
Nadia : It sounds good, but I dont have time to do it.
Teacher: .. ?
Nadia : Because I have my subjects.
Teacher: How about during the summer holiday?
Nadia : . . Thank you for your advice.
Teacher: . .
1- Your friend didn't study hard and he failed the exam.
2- You see an old woman carrying a heavy bag.
3- You don't like the novel you have read.
4- You ask your friend about his health.
1- If my watch been right, I wouldn't have been late.
a) has b) had c) hasn't d) hadn't
2- Can I .. a suggestion? Why don't we go shopping tomorrow?
a) make b) get c) do d) play
3- If we hadn't gone to Spain for holiday, we have met Jorge and his
family.
a) wouldn't b) didn't c) haven't d) can't
4- If they .. more careful, they wouldn't have had that bad accident.
a) had been b) has been c) were d) are
5- Your question was so easy to understand. The answer was very . .
a) obvious b) poisonous c) infected d) dangerous
6- I've just that I forgot my wallet at home.
a) realized b) relaxed c) known d) reached
7- his hard work, he wouldn't have succeeded.
a) With b) If c) Unless d) Without
8- Shakespeare's father was a glove . .
a) performer b) maker c) patron d) actor
9- We all trust him because he always .. the truth.
a) speaks b) says c) talks d) tells
10- When the train fell down, it didn't any damage .
a) make b) do c) work d) send
the same meani ng:
1- My alarm clock stopped, so I didn't wake up at 6 o'clock. (If)
2- My uncle owns a very famous bookshop. (owner)
3- I got up late and missed the bus. (If)
4- He got low marks because he didn't study hard. (If)
142
William Shakespeare was born in 1564. His father was a (1) .. maker.
He went to school when he was 7, but he had to leave at the age of 14 because his
family had (2) .. problems. When he was 18, Shakespeare (3)
Anne Heathway. In 1592, he left his family and went to London to
become (4) actor. If he hadnt found a (5). at this time, he wouldn't
have become a famous writer. He wrote and performed (6). a theatre
group called The King's Men.
What determines the kind of home we live in? one of the things that strikes
people who travel is that homes look different from one place to another. Yet,
three factors - climate, available building materials and lifestyle -
usually decide the kind of housing a place will have.
People build homes that will protect them from bad weather and let them enjoy
good weather. In very wet countries, homes are often built high off the ground to
protect people from floods. Where the weather is very hot or very cold, people
sometimes live underground. In places where the weather is mild, homes often have
courtyards that are open to the sky. Some Middle East countries have homes with
thick walls that keep people warm in winter and cool in summer.
Homes are built from materials that are easily available, and sometimes these
can be very unusual. In hot, dry places people often use mud to build homes because
wood is hard to find. The Eskimos often live in temporary houses of snow when
they go on hunting trips.
Perhaps people's lifestyles are more obvious in their houses. Most of us think of
a home as a permanent place, but the Bedouins who travel from one location to
another often live in tents that they can carry with them.
Homes not only offer shelter, but are a key to the culture and way of life of
people. For this reason, they have always fascinated historians.
1-What surprises people who travel from place to place?
2-Where is it difficult to use wood in building a house?
3-What are the things which decide the kind of house?
4-Why are Eskimo houses made of snow?
B B) Choose the correct answer :
C 5- People usually live underground in .. places.
D a) wet b) hot
E c) high d) mild
F 6- The underlined word 'these' refers to .. .
a) weather conditions b) people
c) countries d) building materials
7- A permanent place means .
a) a place for a long time b) a place for a short time
c) a lower place d) a higher place
143
1- What was the name of the threatre in London where people could see
Shakespeare's plays?
2- What would have happened if Cordelia had said she loved her father?
3- Why did Shakespeare leave his family and go to London?
4- How do you think king Lear discovered that he had made a mistake?
5- Who did Cordelia marry?
6- What was the turning point in King Lear?
E) Wri ti ng
"The importance of learning foreign languages"
F) Transl ati on
1- It is important to learn from your mistakes.
2- It is dangerous to drive without fastening your seat-belt.
.
144
UNIT 9 9 It's a small world 1
st
year secondary
Listening
Narrator: one .
Jane : I like living in London , but its also one of the most expensive cities in the
world .and what do you get for all the money you have to spend ? Everything
costs so much . Prices are sky high, and the traffic is terrible . public transport
is expensive and slow .The undergrounds overcrowded and dirty . I'm
ashamed to see foreign tourists on the underground .
Narrator: Two .
Dan : Oh ,come on , the traffic's not as bad as it was before you had to pay to drive
through the middle of London ! And you should see Bangkok ! It's one big
traffic jam. I agree that buses in London can be slow , but the underground's
quite fast . I like living in London . It's a really safe city .
Narrator : Three .
Ali : Yes , I agree with Dan . Aly's wife and I are from Egypt . We've been
living in London for three years and we really enjoy living here . I mean ,
three are so many historic buildings and wonderful places to visit : museums ,
theatres , beautiful shops and big parks . We like it so much . We've decided to
stay for another year . Really , you should stop criticizing London !
Aroundthe worldintenminutes .
New York is the biggest city in the USA , but it is not the capital of the country .
That is Washington . But , New York is one of the world's most important business centers
and a busy port . The statue of liberty , which is at the entrance of the harbour , is a
symbol of freedom and welcomes visitors from other countries. New York has more
skyscrapers than any other city in the world . There are 47 buildings taller than 200 metres
and three taller than 300 metres ! Two of the most famous ones are the Empire state
Building and the Chrysler Building .
Paris is France's capital and its largest city . Many people think it is the most
beautiful city in the world . Every year , more than two million tourists visit Paris . The
most popular place to visit is the Eiffel Tower , a tall metal structure which is the symbol of
Paris
Tokyo is the capital of Japan . About seven per cent of the population of the
country live there , so it is very overcrowded . It is Japan's main business center , and like
New York , has skyscrapers and fast , wide roads . These are always filled with traffic , so
Tokyo has some of the worst pollution in the world . Tokyo is the home of Japan's
emperor , whose palace stands in a beautiful park in the center of the city .
Listening
living transport
expensive boring
cheap modern
city buildings
spend fast
cost beautiful
tourist metal
criticize imagine
positive exciting
145
historic describe
prices get to
enjoy price
safe decide
fantastic poster
sky high low
traffic information
public
transport
add
slow interesting
be ashamed fill with
the
underground
foreign
criticize overcrowded
sky high afraid of
architecture stay
entertainment hate
safety flat
parks decide
fantastic want
sightseeing
prefer
drive through plan
the middle of apologize
put on patient
put off airport
put out pool
Reading
refuse enterance
population main
freedom wide
harbor proud
structure metal
symbol imagin
popular exciting
palace describe
skyscraper get to
visitor poster
overcrowded add
centre information
decision town
express safely
control palace
organization park
around prevent
world quality
capital emperor
business welcome
146
the statue of
liberty
port
filled with a good place for
on the underground from all over the world
come on popular with
agree with in the centre of
afraid of by train
drive through by underground train
in the middle of for the first time
be from miss a visit
ashamed of / get to
try his best in the world
at the same time the home of
bad for the capital of
apologize for a sign of /
at the entrance of go up
stand in centre for
a symbol of proud of
an example of overcrowded with
Questions andanswers:
1. What are the advantages L of living In London?
- The underground is quite fast. - Its a really safe city.
- Therere so many historic buildings and wonderful places to visit.
2. What are the disadvantages of living in London?
- It is one of the most expensive cities in the world. Everything costs so much.
- The traffic is terrible.
- The underground is overcrowded.
- Public transport is expensive and slow.
3. Whats London famous for?
- Its famous for its museums, theatres, beautiful shops and big parks.
4. Why do you think there are so many skyscrapers in New York?
- Because space is limited, builders built upwards.
5. What are the Empire State Building and the Chrysler Building examples of?
- They are examples of skyscrapers.
6. How many skyscrapers are there m New York?
- There are 47 buildings taller than 200 metres and 3 taller than 300 metres.
7- Which city is the capital of the United States?
It's Washington.
8- What is the importance of New York?
It is one of the most important business centres in the world and a busy port.
9- What is special about New York?
It has the most skyscrapers in the world.
147
10- What is the Statu of Liberty a symbol of?
It is a symbol of freedom.
11- What do many people think of Paris?
They think it is the most beautiful city in the world.
12- How many tourists visit Paris every year? Why?
Two million tourists visit Paris every year to see the Eiffel Tower.
13- Why is Tokyo overcrowded?
Because seven per cent of the population in Japan live in Tokyo.
14- Why is Tokyo important?
It is the capital of Japan and its main business centre.
15- Where does the emperor live in Japan?
He lives in a palace in a lovely park in Tokyo.
16- What makes a beautiful city?
Mosques, churches, public buildings, historic places, rivers, parks and museums make
a beautiful city.
17- What is the symbol for Cairo and other cities in Egypt?
The Pyramids for Cairo, the Library for Alexandria, the Karnak Temple for Luxor
and the High Dam for Aswan.
18- What kinds of places do tourists like to visit?
They like to visit the sights.
19- What makes Cairo a good place for tourists to visit?
It has a lot of sights like historic places and buildings, museums and good shops.
20- How can we help tourists enjoy their visits to Egypt?
Firstly, we should welcome them. Secondly , we must be friendly and helpful to them.
Thirdly, we should give them good services at reasonable prices.
Exercises
1- Although the computer has some advantages , it also has its own--------------
a) friends b) ideas c) disadvantages d) games
2- in the country is quite comfortable.
a) Live b) Living c ) Lives d) Lived
3-............. is me study or designing buildings.
a)Entertainment b)Archaeology c)Architecture d) Structure
4- Means of ............. in Egypt are not cheap.
a)transfer b)transport c)transplant d)translation
5- On cartoon programmes, children get quite a lot of ................ .
a) population b)entertainment c) money d) homework
6- Critics ................ all works of art in newspapers and magazines.
a)cost b) watch c) criticise d) perform
7-............ libraries everywhere are part of the "Reading for All" festival.
a) Gen era I b) Public c) Special d)Secret
8- The boy is .................. of what he has done.
a)shy b)lazy c) angry d) ashamed
9-.................. results encourage people to work more and more on social issues.
a) Bad b) Negative c) Positive d) Disappointing
10- The .................. in Egypt is the only one in the Arab area.
a)bus b)train c)underground d)ship
148
11..................... jams are frequent in cities like Cairo, Tokyo and New York.
a) Traffic b) Graphic c) Scientific d) Strategic
12-The film was so .................. that we all didn't finish it.
a) interesting b) exciting c) boring d) fantastic
13-6th October, 1973 is one of the ............... days in our modern history.
a) history b) historian c) historic d) historians
14-Prices of oil are ................. these days.
a)skyscrapers b)skyhigh c)sky d) skyline
15-What are you afraid ............. ? - Nothing.
a)on b)off c)of d)at
16-The man fell down .............. the middle of the street when he was shot.
a) on b)at c)in d)of
17-The tourists would like to go .......... around the country.
a) looking b) viewing c) sightseeing d) staring
18-Although he .............. his best, he achieved nothing.
a) tried b) dried c) cried d) fried
19-The ambulance arrived ............. after we had called. It came in no time.
a) lately b) immediately c) recently d) accurately
20-Would you ........... helping me? - No, not at all.
a) think b) mind c) remember d) remind
21-My uncle has a fine villa with an indoor swimming ....................
a) lake b) pool c) river d) sea
22-Smoking is absolutely bad ............. health.
a) of b)to c)for d)on
23-He asked me ............ to tell him the way to the Egyptian Museum. He was really gentle.
a) impolitely b) politely c) rudely d) foolishly
24-1 was very disappointed when my brother ............... to help me.
a) agreed b) refused c) liked d) wanted
25-If you make a mistake, you should ................ .
a) thank b) sink c) apologise d) run
26-New York is an important business .................. .
a) middle b)half c) centre d) circle
27-The Eiffel Tower is the most famous metal............. in the world.
a) statue b) structure c) culture d) sculpture
28-The Statue of Liberty .............. at the entrance of New York harbour.
a) walks b) waits c) stands d) looks
29-A flag is a / an ................ of a country.
a) temple b) symbol c) sample d) example
30-About ninety ................ of the land in Egypt is desert.
a) present b) per cent c) parent d) patron
31-The ............. of Japan lives in a magnificent palace.
a) king b) president c) prince d) emperor
32-There are more ................... in New York than any other city.
a) clouds b) stars c) skyscrapers d) flies
33-Kings always live in .................. .
a) hotels b) houses c) flats d) palaces
34................. in Egypt is a threat to development and advance.
People must follow family planning.
a) Pottery b) Pollution c) Population d) Pollutants
35-What is the ................ crop in Egypt?
149
a) only b) main c) worst d) foreign
36-Egypt has strong ties with all Arab and ......... countries.
a) strange b) odd c) foreign d) far
Grammar Study
Verbs followed by to + the infinitive :
to :
Promis
e
Manag
e
Deman
d
Agree
decide Long Deserv
e
Want
Wish Mean Expect Plan
Threat
en
Offer Hope Refuse
Enable preten
d
Learn attemp
t
He offered to help us he decided to stay at home.
She wants to be a teacher. The thief managed to escape.
) gerund + ( ing :
Involve Keep
on
Suggest Avoid
Miss Mind Recom
mend
Enjoy
It's no
use
Dislike Imagine Deny
Can't
help
Admit Fancy Finish
Can't
stand
Postpo
ne
Put off Go
I enjoy watching television. He suggested going to the cinema.
Hatem denied breaking the glass. Fancy meeting you here.
to + inf gerund :
Gerund to + infinitive
begin hate like continue
can't bear

start love prefer
Examples
150
Hany began to play his guitar, when the phone rang.
(= a particular occasion)
Hany began playing the guitar when he was six.
(= a general statement)
to + inf gerund :
remember forget regret try stop
Remember to + infinitive
He remembered to see the man.
= He remembered and then saw the man.
Remember + gerund
He remembered seeing the man.
= He saw the man and later remembered.
Forget to + infinitive ) )
Nadia forgot to meet the customer.
= She didn't meet the customer.
Forget + gerund
Nadia forgot meeting the customer.
= She met the customer but then couldn't remember the occasion.
Regret to + infinitive

He regretted to say that my brother had an accident.
= He was sorry that it was necessary to say it.
Regret + gerund
He regretted saying that my brother had an accident.
= He was sorry that he had said it.
Try to + infinitive )
)
Try to open the door.
= See if you can open the door.
The prisoner tried to escape, but he was caught.
Try + gerund
))
Try opening the door.
=What happens if you open the door.
A: I have a bad headache.
B: Try taking an aspirin. = Take an aspirin and see the result.
Stop to + infinitive
He stopped to read his newspaper.
= He stopped what he was doing to read the paper.
Stop + gerund
He stopped reading his newspaper. = He had read what he wanted to read.
ING not
Thank you for not coming late. She insisted on not doing the job.
I apologize for not posting your letter.
151
ING to + inf .
encourage recommend permit / allow forbid advise
They do not permit parking here. They do not allow anyone to park here.
Prefer + ING + to + ING
I prefer using the internet to watching TV.
inf . to ING
look forward to object to
be used to be accustomed to
get round to in addition to
get used to take to
Smell / find + + ING
They found the boy playing chess. I can smell something burning.
ING
be busy feel like / Its worth
have difficulty (in)
Its no good = Its no use
There is no point in
Its a waste of time
Its a waste of money
Examples:
She has difficulty (in) breathing. It's a waste of money buying that house.
I feel like having a cold drink.
object + to-inf .
tell
remind
force

enable
order
warn
invite
persuade
cost
cause
take
hire
command
permit
Teach Allow
Examples:
She reminded me to close the front door.
She persuaded me to buy that car.
Modern technology enables us to lead a better life.
to + inf .
would like would prefer Would love would hate
I would prefer to have tea
It + Be + Adj. + to + inf .
It is difficult to find a job nowadays. It was hard for him to recognize the criminal.
need :
Need + V-ING / to be + PP .
This carpet needs cleaning. This carpet needs to be cleaned.
I have finished -------------------------the report.
152
a- write b-writing c to write d- wrote
2- He suggested-------------------------for a swim.
a- to swim b-to swimming c swimming d- is swimming
3- He decided ------------------------------his car.
a- sell b- to sell c selling d- to selling
4- Maha agreed to go-------------------------with us.
a- to sail b- to sailing c sailing d- sailed
5- Fancy--------------------you here.
a- seeing b- is seeing c was seeing d- see
6- I wanted to avoid ---------------------her but I couldn't.
a- meet b- met c is meeting d- meeting
7- He demanded ----------------------the manager.
a- would see b- will see c to see d- seeing
8- He deserved---------------------punished.
a- being b- to being c would be d- to be
9- The thief denied------------------------the money.
a- stolen b- was stealing c to steal d- stealing
10- We have arranged -------------------------at 9 o'clock.
a-meeting b- will meet c to meet d- met
11- He wanted-----------------------------a new camera.
a- buying b- to be bought c to buy d- to buying
12- I can't stand -----------------------------listening to him.
a- listened b- to listen c listening d- to be listened
13- He longed ----------------------------back home.
a- to be b- being c to being d- would be
14- Don't try ------------------if you have never driven before.
a- to drive b- drove c driving d- to be driven
15- Stop-------------------------, you are giving me a headache.
a- to shout b-shouted c shouting d- to shouting
Rewrite the following sentences:
1- I didn't expect to meet you here. ( Fancy)
2- He said he didn't steal the money. ( denied)
3- I haven't done my homework yet. (finished)
4- Let's play tennis. ( He suggested)
5- I can do what I want and you can't stop me. ( You can't stop)
6- Would you switch off the light? ( mind)
7- He said it was true that he killed the guard. ( admitted)
8- He said he wouldn't eat anything. ( refused)
9- He said that he would be happy to help me. ( mind)
10- He asked me to be quick in driving. ( quickly)
11- I'd like to have tea with little sugar. (feel like)
12- Hanan was sorry for not helping the poor lady. (regretted)
13- We like to have tea. (enjoy)
14- He hopes to get the prize. (look forward)
15- I no longer borrow books from the library. (stop)
General Exercises
Finish the following dialogue between you and Ahmed who is going to the USA:
Ahmed : I'm going to New York, the biggest city in the USA next week.
153
You : ............. ............. (1) ............................ ?
Ahmed : It's famous for the Statue of Liberty which is at the entrance of the harbour.
You : What is this statue a symbol of?
Ahmed : ........................... (2) ............................ .
You : .......................... (3) ............................ ?
Ahmed : Washington is the capital of the country.
You : I think New York has more skyscrapers than any other city in the world.
What is the most famous building there?
Ahmed : ........................... (4) ........................... .
You : Have a nice trip.
Ahmed : Thank you.
each space:
This is an article about Tokyo, the capital of Japan. About seven per cent of the ......
(1)..... of the country live there, so it is very ......(2)..... It's Japan's main .......(3)...... centre,
and like New York it has ......(4)...... and fast, wide roads. These are always filled with
traffic, so Tokyo has some of the worst .......(5)...... in the world. Tokyo is the home of
Japan's emperor, whose ........(6)..... stands in a beautiful park in the centre of the city.
1- Alexandria is a beautiful city where there are lots of things all enjoy visiting like the
library, museums, restaurants, galleries and parks.
2- The benefits of living in a large modern city are so many: employment, a range of shops
and good transport.
Test
Hazem is talking to a tourist who is visiting Egypt for the first time:
Hazem: Have you enjoyed your visit to Egypt?
Tourist: ........................................
Hazem: .............................................?
Tourist: The Pyramids, the citadel and the Egyptian Museum.
Hazem: Have you been to Upper Egypt?
Tourist: Not yet! ............................................ Aswan?
Hazem: By plane, by train or on a Nile cruise.
Tourist: That sounds good. Thank you very much.
Hazem: ................................... Have a nice trip!
1- A tourist wants to know where the Karnak Temple is.
2- You accept your friend's suggestion to go to the cinema.
3- You have just told your friend something that is untrue. Now you feel ashamed.
What do you say to him or her.
4- Suggest to your little brother some activities that are more useful than watching
television.
154
1- The manager decided the reports before he left the office.
a) read b) reading c) reads d) to read
2- Ahmed hopes . a job next summer
a) finding b) to find c) finds d) find
3- "Dangerous" is the opposite of .. .
a) sad b) serious c) scared d) safe
4- You should avoid friends with such bad people.
a) to make b) make c) making d) to making
5- The Eiffel Tower is the . of Paris.
a) simple b) sample c) slogan d) symbol
6- My new shoes aren't expensive. They LE 50.
a) paid b) cost c) sold d) weighed
7- Big cities are often crowded and have air .
a) environment b) traffic c) pollution d) condensation
8- New York is an important business . .
a) circle b) century c) patron d) actor
a) stop b) stopping c) club d) centre
10- A palace is a . .
a) very tall building b) symbol
c) house for a king or queen d) tower
the same meani ng:
1- I don't like meeting bad people. (avoid)
2-The father told his son that he wouldnt give him any more money. (refused)
3-He said, "Why don't we stay at home and play chess?" (suggested)
4-I'm willing to stay till you return. (don't mind)
London is one of the most expensive cities in the world. Everything (1)
.... so much. Prices are sky (2).., and the traffic is terrible. Public
transport is expensive and slow. You have to pay to drive (3). the middle of
London. Buses in London can be slow, but the underground is quite (4)... .
London is a really safe (5)... Three are so many (6).
buildings and wonderful places to visit.
In Egypt, the touri sm i ndustry has come to hol d a posi ti on of great
i mportance l atel y. It i s fel t that it coul d hel p i ncrease the nati onal
i ncome. In some European countri es, touri sm has brought i n mi l l i ons of
dol l ars yearl y, al though they l ack the natural and hi stori cal attracti ons
we have i n Egypt.
We coul d, for i nstance, establ i sh touri st vi l l ages for chi l dren on the
Red Sea. We coul d teach fi shi ng, swi mmi ng, di vi ng and sai l i ng there.
Another good i dea woul d be a vi l l age i n the New Val l ey for horse ri di ng.
And what about vi l l ages for peopl e wi th heal th probl ems l i ke
155
rheumati sm? The warm dry cl i mate of Aswan and Hel wan woul d
certai nl y hel p them get better.
Our tourist today wants efficient and friendly service. He would probably prefer
to try our samples of our local food rather than to eat the international meals, which
are served, in some places.
It must al so be remembered that most touri sts nowadays are
sel dom ri ch. Many of them are students or hardworki ng empl oyees. So
what i s needed i s not expensi ve hotel s but cl ean comfortabl e pl aces to
sl eep and eat i n at reasonabl e pri ces. Thi s, too, woul d encourage
Egypti ans to travel more and more around thei r l ovel y country.
C)Answer the fol l owi ng questi ons:
1-How could we encourage Egyptians to see more and more of their country?
2- Why has tourism become very important?
3- What sort of people did the writer suggest to enjoy our warm dry climate?
4- What does the underlined pronoun i t in the first paragraph refer to?
D) Choose the correct answer:
5- The writer feels that Egypt has got..the other countries which make
so much money from tourism.
a) less attractions than b) the least attractions of
c) the same attractions as d) more attractions than
6- According to the writer, if someone has pains in his muscles and joints, he
should go to
a) Europe b) Aswan
c) The Red Sea d) The New Valley
7- Our hotels should be .
a) expensive b) too cheap
c) too expensive d) at reasonable prices
1- What do you know about New York?
2- What can you do in your life now to conserve energy?
3- Why does Tokyo have some of the worst pollution in the world?
4- Where does the emperor of Japan live?
5- What is the Statue of Liberty a symbol of?
6- What are the most famous skyscrapers in New York?
E) Wri ti ng
"The advantages and disadvantages of living in a big city"
F) Transl ati on
1- New York is famous for its skyscrapers.
2- Cairo has been an important centre for tourism.

156
Review C
Vocabulary
possible reduce
impossible / express
health problems overcrowded
serious generous
fats disappointed
lack of exercise opinion
air pollution matter /
lung cancer public transport
lung disease comfortable
skin cancer uncomfortable
sunbathing awake
red meat asleep
smoking criticize
smoke outbreak /
smoker cleanliness
non-smoker kettle
unhealthy boil
public buildings vehicles
caf rubbish bin
public places infection /
free = not busy obvious
believe / tap
traffic rules jug
call cause
save / fair
traffic lights unfair
damage / sunbathe
environment sugars
157
mountains fats
wind carbohydrates
polluted vegetables
plant good points
produce bad points
signs / Cut pollution
unfortunately noise pollution
system limit /
working hours encourage
increase recycling
bad for at weekends
agree with have lunch
good for wake up
make lunch feel ashamed
at the usual time go shopping
come late catch an infection
in two months put on weight
close to get burnt
get better break out
get worse go running
blow away aware of
make a difference on weekdays
keep the air clean come into
make the problem worse

drive into the centre

Language Notes
come + v. + i ng:
- come sailing - come swimming
go + v. + i ng:
- go running - go shopping
It i s / was + + for + / :
- It is difficult for him to get a driving licence.
Verbs and nouns that go together
Make & do
make do
make a decision do damage
make a mistake do homework
158
make a difference do a job
make a noise do a quiz
make a suggestion do a sport
make the beds do things
Tapescript, Reading & Critical
thinking
Cars can damage your heal th
A few years ago, scientists said that red meat was bad for your heart and that we
should eat more vegetables. Now, they are saying that we should eat meat because it
has things in it which we can't get from vegetables. The problem is that the scientists
don't agree with each other. So it's impossible for us to know what we should or
shouldn't eat.
It is very unhealthy to be in the same room as people who smoke. Now, people in
England can't smoke in public buildings. So, there's no smoking in cafs, offices,
cinemas or shops. Public places will be nicer for people who don't smoke.
Swimming and running are good for you.
Too much sun is bad for you. If you get burnt, it can be dangerous. When it's too hot,
you shouldn't be in the sun for more than about 15 minutes.
Mexico City is one of the most polluted cities in the world. There are mountains all
round the city and there isn't much wind., so the pollution is not blown away. The
people of Mexico City have tried many things to cut the pollution, but nothing has
made a difference. They have moved factories from the centre of the city to land
outside. They have planted trees along the roads, because trees produce oxygen and
help to keep the air clean. There are new traffic rules so that there are fewer cars on
the city's roads. The government put signs of seven different colours on all Mexican
cars. So people with green signs could not drive their cars in the city on Mondays.
People with blue signs could not drive them on Tuesdays, etc. There was a different
colour for every day. Unfortunately this system was not successful. Poor people did not
go to work on days when they could not drive their cars, and rich people bought
another car with a different coloured sign! This increased the traffic and made the
problem worse.
London used to have a problem like Mexico City. Now, drivers have to pay to drive into
the centre of London during working hours on weekdays. This has succeeded in cutting
the number of drivers who come into London every day. Many people now use buses
and trains. People who live in the centre do not have to pay and nobody has to pay in
the evenings or at weekends.
1- Do you thi nk vegetabl es are better for you than meat? Why?
- I don't know because scientists don't agree with each other.
2- Do you agree that peopl e shoul d not smoke i n publ i c pl aces? Why?
- Yes, I agree because they harm people's health and pollute the environment.
159
3- Do you agree that the sun i s dangerous? Why?
- Yes, I agree because too much sun is bad for us. We may get burnt.
4- How can cars damage your heal th?
- They cause pollution which is very harmful to health.
5- Why i s pol l uti on so bad i n Mexi co ci ty?
- There are mountains all round the city and there isn't much wind., so the pollution is
not blown away.
6- Why di d they move factori es out of the ci ty centre?
- Because factories cause pollution.
7- Why di d they pl ant trees al ong the roads?
- Because trees produce oxygen and help to keep the air clean.
8- Why di d the government put si gns on al l cars?
- To stop people driving into the city on certain days to cut pollution.
9- Why di d thi s make the probl em worse?
- Because rich people bought cars with different coloured signs so that they could drive
everyday and this made the traffic worse.
10-Who has to pay to dri ve i nto London i n the eveni ngs?
- Nobody.
11-Why do you thi nk many peopl e now use buses and trai ns i n London?
- Because they have to pay to drive into the city centre and it's cheaper to use public
transport.
12-Do peopl e who l i ve i n the centre of London have to pay to dri ve there?
Why?
- No, because they live there and it wouldn't be fair if they had to pay.
13- What are sci enti sts doi ng to hel p the probl em of car pol l uti on?
- They have developed cars that use electricity.
- They are trying to develop cleaner cars that run on natural fuel.
1- Some people say that red meat is not good (to-at-with-for) health.
2- He can't go (run-running-runs-ran) because he is too busy.
3- It can be bad for your health if you get (burnt-burn-burning-burns) by the sun.
4- People in England can't smoke in (general-ordinary-public-private) places now.
5- It is difficult (of-to-for-about) people to know what to believe about eating red meat.
6- Do you want to come (swimming-swim-swam-swims) this evening?
7- I haven't got time to (make-do-go-play) running today.
8- It is very (health-health-healthier-unhealthy) to be in the same room as people who
smoke.
9- Too much sun is bad (to-for-with-at) you.
10- Mexico City is one of the most (polluted-pollution-pollutes-pollutant) cities in the
world.
11- If you (make-do-work-get) a mistake, don't worry. Try to learn from it.
160
12- The people of Mexico City have tried many things to (cut-make-do-increase) the
pollution.
13- They have planted trees along the roads, because trees help to keep the air
(cleaning-clean-cleanliness-cleaned).
14- Nothing has (made-done-worked-played) a difference.
15- The traffic increased and this has (done-worked-made-played) the problem worse.
16- It wasn't a bad accident. We didn't (make-do-work-get) any damage to our car.
17- The teacher told the students not to (do-work-play-make) any noise while they
were working.
18- People have (worked-made-played-done) many things to cut pollution.
19- Pollution causes (damage-joy-sleep-happiness) to lungs.
20- Drivers have to pay to drive (at-out-over-into) the centre of London during working
hours on weekdays.
Language Focus
Modal s of obl i gati on and necessi ty (1)
) 1 )
O shoul d / ought to::
1 - should / shouldn't + inf .
- You should play tennis you'd enjoy it.
- Youve got a nasty cough. You shoul dn t smoke.
2 - ought / ought not to + inf .
- You ought not to eat crisps.
- This is a really good book. You ought to read it.
3 - should must .
- You shoul d stop smoking.
= It would be a good idea.
- You must stop smoking.
= Its necessary to stop.
O must / mustn t +
1 - must / mustn't + inf .
- You mustn' t smoke in hospitals.
- You must wash your hands before you eat.
2 - mustn't
.
mustn't = be not allowed to +
be forbidden to +
be prohibited / banned from + v. + ing
- You mustn t park here.
= You aren t al l owed to park here.
= You are forbi dden to park here.
= You are prohi bi ted from parki ng here.
161
= You are banned from parki ng here.
The third conditional
If + past perfect + woul d/coul d/mi ght/shoul d +have +p.p.
- If I had (I' d) l eft home on time, I woul d (I' d) have caught the school bus.
I woul d (I' d) have caught the school bus if I had (I' d) l eft home on time.

.
- If I' d run faster, I' d have won the race.
= I didn't run faster so I didn't win.
had if
- If he had pl ayed well, he would have won. (Had)
Had he pl ayed well, he would have won.

1- He got up late, so he missed the train. (If)
If he hadn t got up late, he woul dn t have mi ssed the train.
2- He didnt have a map, therefore he was lost. (If)
If he had had a map, he woul dn t have been lost.
3- He failed because he was lazy. (If)
If he hadn t been lazy, he woul dn t have fai l ed.
unless if
- He worked hard, so he succeeded. (Unless)
Unl ess he had worked hard, he woul dn t have succeeded.
.
If i t hadn t been for
Wi thout + v.+ i ng / noun + woul d have + pp
But for
- Wi thout hi s hard work, he woul dn t have succeeded. (If it )
If i t hadn t been for hi s hard work, he woul dn t have succeeded.
Verbs + Gerund i ng Or To + i nf.
1 - ) to + i nf : (.
agree learn try refuse
decide offer want enable
expect plan hope promise /
Exampl es:
- We're pl anni ng to l i ve in Cairo.
- I don't want to buy a new house.
- We hope to buy a flat.
- He offered to hel p me.
1 - i ng :
162
avoid stop love fancy /
dislike hate suggest regret
enjoy like imagine mind
Exampl es:
- I di sl i ke si tti ng in a traffic jam.
- You should avoi d goi ng out at night.
- He suggested goi ng to the club.
- I don' t mi nd l endi ng you my camera.
2 - ) ) i ng ) ) to : +
begin continue like prefer
hate love start
Exampl es:
- He prefers to go to university by car.
He prefers goi ng to university by car.
- We l i ke to swi m in the sea.
We l i ke swi mmi ng in the sea
? :
- I like living in London. = I live there.
I like to live in London. = I do not live there.
1- The taxi driver (must-can-may-mustn't) go when the traffic lights are red.
2- When it's too hot, you (should-ought-oughtn't-shouldn't) be in the sun for more than
about 15 minutes.
3- If he had been clever, he (would have got-would get-will get-will have got) good
marks.
4- I don't mind (lend-to lend-lending-to lending) you my camera.
5- I enjoy (live-to live-lived-living) in the countryside.
6- He refused (to give-give-gave-giving) his son any more money.
7- If he (plays-played-has played-had played) well, he would have won the game.
8- Ali suggested (telephoning-to telephone-telephoned-telephones) him.
9- You (should-ought-mustn't-oughtn't) wash you hands before eating.
10- I'm planning (live-to live-living-to living) abroad when I grow up.
1- Ali lost his phone, so he didn't call his mother. (If)
2- She said it would be a good idea to go to the club. (suggested)
3- It's advisable to eat fresh food. (should)
4- Because Ali came late, his lunch was cold. (If)
5- He hurried to the station so as not to miss the train. (avoid)
Test
163
Jane : I feel really tired. What do you suggest?
Sarah: ........................................? you should try going to bed earlier.
Jane : If I do that, I wake up too early.
Sarah: ....................................... .
Jane : I've tried that and I can't. once I'm awake, I can't sleep again
Sarah: .................................................................?
Jane : But I always do my homework when I get back from school.
Sarah: ............................................................?
Jane : OK, I'll try your suggestion.
1- You are going to have lunch with your young brother. He has been playing outside.
You look at his hands. What do you say to him?
2- You your uncle is going on holiday in Britain. You want to remind him which side of
the road to drive on while he's there. What do you say?
3- You hear some people criticizing a friend's homework. You think the homework is
quite good. What do you say?
4- You have just told your friend something that is untrue. Now you feel ashamed.
What do you say to him or her?
3-Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d:
1- If my watch .. been right, I wouldn't have been late.
a) has b) had c) hasn't d) hadn't
2- You have an important test at school next week. You .. revising now.
a) start b) starting c) started d) to start
a) stop b) stopping c) club d) centre
4- Can I .. a suggestion? Why don't we go shopping tomorrow?
a) make b) get c) do d) play
5- Have you heard? There's a new of bird flu in China.
a) breakout b) infection c) outbreak d) disease
6- If we hadn't gone to Spain for holiday, we have met Jorge and his family.
a) wouldn't b) didn't c) haven't d) can't
7- is very important in a hospital.
a) Clean b) Cleanliness c) Cleaned d) Cleans
8- This is an easy question! The answer is ..
a) done b) made c) public d) obvious
9- My brother .. an injection while he was on holiday.
a) caught b) did c) found d) picked
10- If you eat too many sweets, you'll weight.
a) put b) put on c) put away d) put down
the same meani ng:
1- My alarm clock stopped, so I didn't wake up at 6 o'clock. (If)
164
2-France lost to Italy in the final of the football competition. (beat)
3-Buses and trains cause less pollution than cars, so governments prefer them.
(because)
4-We've met before, but I can't remember your name. (although)
If you need to make water safe to drink, this is what to do. Start by filling a
kettle with (1) .. from the cold tap. Next (2) . The water in the kettle
until it boils. It should boil for four (3) . After that, leave the water to (4)
, then put it into a jug. Put the jug in the (5) to get it really cold.
Finally, you can (6) the water.

6-Read the fol l owi ng passage , then answer the questi ons:
Wal eed' s cl ass have been l earni ng about the envi ronment i n thei r
sci ence l essons. They have been studyi ng the effects of pol l uti on from
vehi cl es and they have been readi ng about how poi sons from factori es
can pol l ute ri vers and the sea. They al l agree that everyone shoul d do
more to hel p the envi ronment. Thei r teacher, Mr Hel mi , asked them to
thi nk of the thi ngs that they coul d do. The students made l ots of
suggesti ons
Radwan sai d that peopl e shoul d wal k more and use thei r cars l ess.
Thi s woul d keep the ci ti es cl eaner and peopl e woul d be heal thi er.
Khal ed sai d they shoul d bui l d car parks outsi de the ci ty centre, where
peopl e coul d l eave thei r cars. They coul d then wal k the rest of the way
i nto the ci ty. Wal eed suggested havi ng a bottl e bi n i n the school , where
students coul d put thei r empty pl asti c bottl es. These coul d be col l ected
and used agai n or made i nto somethi ng di fferent. Lei l a suggested a bi n
for dri nk cans. Mr Hel mi thought these were very good i deas, and sai d
he woul d pass them on to the head teacher.
A)Answer the fol l owi ng questi ons:
1- Where have the students been learning about the environment?
2- How would it help if people walked more and used their cars less?
3- Who suggested having a bin for the plastic bottles at school?
4- Who or what does the underlined word These refer to??
5- Why are Waleed and his friends interested in the environment?
a) They have been studying it at school.
b) They think their town is very polluted.
c) They always go to school by car or bus.
d) There aren't enough litter bins in their school.
6- What was Khaled's suggestion?
a) People should use their cars less.
b) There should be bins for bottles.
c) People should park in the city centre.
d) There should be car parks outside the city.
165
7- Who was Mr Helmi going to tell about the students' ideas?
a) The head teacher b) Everyone in the school
c) His science students d) The students' parents
1- What does king Lear decide to do when he is old?
2- Why is Lear angry with Cordelia?
3- What does Lear find out about Goneril and Regan?
4- Do you think Lear should have asked his daughters to say how much they loved
him? Why? Why not?
5- What do you think Goneril and Regan think of their father?
6- Why do you think Lear loses many of his friends?
E) Wri ti ng
"What people can do in your own town to help the environment"
F) Transl ati on
1- Do your parents work in a hospital?
2- Were you at home yesterday?

166

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Unit 1 Famous Egyptians 1stYear Sec

go into civil rights

at the same time

dark side crowded

Idioms & Expressions

: was , were + v + ing

- Come and + inf.. .

Bones Main points

under control put on weight

wild birds remember

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