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CONTENTS PAGE NO.

1. INTRODUCTION 3-6

1.1 Problem DeIinition
1.2 Project Description
1.3 Scope


. LITERATURE SURVEY 7-8

2.1 Work done by others
2.2 BeneIits
2.3 Proposed Solution
2.4 Technology Used


3. SYSTEM ANALYSIS 9-10

3.1 IdentiIication oI Need
3.2 Preliminary Investigation
3.3 Requirement Analysis
3.4 Team Structure


4. PLANNING 11-14

4.1 Planning Scope
4.2 Project Resource
4.3 Team Organization
4.4 Project Scheduling
4.5 Estimation
4.6 Risk Analysis







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CONTENTS PAGE NO.


5. DESIGN

5.1 Architectural Design 15-18

5.1.1 Context Diagram
5.1.2 Class Diagram
5.1.3 Sequence Diagram
5.1.4 Use Case Diagram

5. Database Design 19-0

5.2.1 Data Dictionary

5.3 Interface Design 1-4

5.3.1 ScreenShots

6. IMPLEMENTATION 5-9

6.1 Language or technology used
6. Features of language
6.3 Testing

6.3.1 Test Plans
6.3.2 Test Case Design

7. CONCLUSION 30

7.1 Conclusion
7.2 Limitations
7.3 Future Enhancements


REFERENCES 31


GLOSSARY 3-37






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CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
An SMS gateway is a technology that allows users to send SMS messages Irom a Web
browser to people within the cell served by that gateway. An SMS gateway can also serve as
an international gateway Ior users with roaming capability, allowing SMS communication
away Irom the home network.
The SMS speciIication has deIined a way Ior a computer to send SMS messages through a
mobile phone or GSM/GPRS modem. A GSM/GPRS modem is a wireless modem that works
with GSM/GPRS wireless networks. A wireless modem is similar to a dial-up modem. The
main diIIerence is that a wireless modem transmits data through a wireless network whereas
a dial-up modem transmits data through a copper telephone line.Most mobile phones can be
used as a wireless modem. However, some mobile phones have certain limitations comparing
to GSM/GPRS modems

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1.1Problem Definition


Today in the Iast moving world everyone is lacking oI time. Everyone has to complete his
work very Iast and have to do more and more work in short period oI time. With the help oI
this project one can save his time and labor.
Similar situation arises when a person want to post an advertisement or search an
advertisement he has to go through the news papers, banners or he has to search a particular
advertisement hoardings or search a particular ad manually. so we are having a
soItwareSMS CA1EWAY which is the best solution oI all the above problems.


















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1. Project Description


The Iront-end would simply be a section Ior the message (limit) and a destination address
(mobile number). Then, based on your architecture, a lower layer would have to create the
correct message based on the request or the message is generate server side. In the case oI an
end-user sending a message to a mobile unit, it would be a SMS-DELIVER message. Then
entire message would then be "encapsulated" in a TCP/IP message and send to the
appropriate Short Message Service Centre (SMSC). The MSC would then remove the
TCP/IP layer Irom the message and process the message as iI it were generated locally by an
operator.

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13 Need and Scope


Need
O lL requlre a server Lo run because lL ls a moblle based appllcaLlon

Scope
An SMS gateway is a technology that allows users to send SMS messages Irom a
Web browser to people within the cell served by that gateway. An SMS gateway
can also serve as an international gateway Ior users with roaming capability,
allowing SMS communication away Irom the home network.
The SMS speciIication has deIined a way Ior a computer to send SMS messages
through a mobile phone or GSM/GPRS modem. A GSM- GPRS modem is a
wireless modem that works with GSM/GPRS wireless networks. A wireless
modem is similar to a dial-up modem. The main diIIerence is that a wireless
modem transmits data through a wireless network whereas a dial-up modem
transmits data through a copper telephone line. Most mobile phones can be used as
a wireless modem. However, some mobile phones have certain limitations
comparing to GSM/GPRS modems.














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CHAPTER
LITERATURE SURVEY



.1 Work done by others:

None.

. Advantages:

As our soItware implemented using advanced technology
thus the Iollowing are the Ieatures that it provides :


Modern Technology

Flexible

Time Saving

Less man power and paper work

User Friendly

Easy Accessible

EIIicient improvement

Portability

Maintainability



.3 Proposed Solution:

A proper management Ior sms gateway is must Ior any mobile application.
It also includes inIormation about the J2EE application Irame work that we are used.
This describes the prerequisite oI system administrator and user. The description is very
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simple Ior every one to easily get to understand the basics behind the tool implementation
oI this soItware.



.4 Technologies Used:

1ava:-
Java was conceived by James Gosling, Patrick Naughton, Chris Warth, Ed Frank and Mike
Sheridan at Sun Microsystems Inc. in 1991. It took 18 months to develop the Iirst working
version. This language was initially called 'Oak but was renamed 'Java in 1995.
Java derives much oI its character Irom C and C. Because oI the similarities between
Java and C, it is tempting to think oI Java as simply the 'Internet version oI C. Java
was not designed to replace C; actually it was designed to solve a certain set oI
problems. C was designed to solve a certain a diIIerent set oI problems. Java is very
important to the Internet because Java expands the universe oI objects that can move about
Ireely in cyberspace. In a network, two very broad categories oI objects are transmitted
between server and our personal computer passive inIormation and dynamic, active
programs.
The key that allows Java to solve both the security and portability problems just described
is that the output oI a java compiler is not executable code. Byte code is a highly optimized
set oI instructions designed to be executed by the java run time system, which is called the
Java Virtual Machine (JVM). In essence, JVM is an interpreter Ior Byte code. The use oI
Byte code enables the Java run-time system to execute programs much Iaster than you
might expect. Sun also provided its Just in Time (JIT) compiler Ior Byte code, which is
included in Java2 release.




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CHAPTER 3
System Analysis



3.1 Identification of need:

Need oI this project is justiIied by its usage and meaningIul inIormation that it provides to
the user & ease that it provides to administrator to maintain & update the records. It provides
any time access Iacility.

3. Preliminary investigation

The main task was to Iind out the available no oI books.

3.3 Requirement Analysis
Requirement analysis is a soItware Engineering task that bridges the gap between the system
level soItware allocation and soItware design. It enables the system engineer to speciIy
soItware Iunction and perIormance, indicate soItware interIace with other system elements
and establish design constraints that the soItware must meet. It provides the soItware
designers with a representation oI inIormation and Iunction that can be translated to data,
architectural and procedural design.

Requirement Analysis is one oI the most important parts oI project development. The
question above clear most oI the things regarding the project. Now with reIerence to the
above questions the relative answers that we Iound are: This includes complete
understanding oI problem deIinition. The project being designed only aIter a detailed
discussion about what all Iunctionalities our application will provide.

We have worked with our project guides to identiIy and reIine requirements during question
and answer session. The problem is identiIied, selection elements are proposed, diIIerent
approaches are negotiated and a preliminary set oI solution requirement is speciIied.
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3.4 Team Structure


There are two members in our team:

O Megha Dubey (0822ca081020)
O Rohan Jain (0822ca081044)

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CHAPTER 4
PLANNING


4.1 Planning Scope:

This system is to be used to Iind out the basic inIormation regarding result. Also provide
Iacility oI searching by the diIIerent users at the same time.

4. Project Resources:

Basically the resources can be categorized as:-
O Human Resources
O Hardware Resources
O SoItware Resources

Human Resources: The persons required Ior developing the soItware must have basic
understanding oI J2SE and designing oI the database with minimum redundancy. They must
be available throughout the project.


4.3 Team Organization:

Structure oI our team is Democratic Decentralized (DD). Our team has no permanent
leader. Rather we have task coordinators. Decisions on problems and approach are made by
group consensus. Communication among team members is horizontal.

Advantage:
The length oI time team live together aIIects team morale. It has been Iound that DD
team structure result in high morale and job satisIaction and is thereIore good Ior teams that
will be together Ior a long time.

Disadvantage:
The DD team structure is best applied to problems with relatively low modularity,
because oI the higher volume oI communication needed.



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4.4 Project Scheduling:
Software project scheduling:
It is an activity that distributes estimated eIIort across the planned project
durations by allocating the eIIort to speciIic engineering tasks. It is important to note,
however, that the schedule evolves over time. During early stages oI project planning, a
macroscopic schedule is developed. This type oI schedule identiIies all major soItware
engineering activities and the product Iunctions to which they are applied. As the project gets
under way, each entry on the macroscopic schedule is reIined into a detailed schedule. Here
speciIic soItware tasks (required to accomplish an activity) are identiIied and scheduled.

4.4.1 Detailed Schedule:

The macroscopic schedule is reIined to create a detailed project schedule. ReIinement
begins by taking each major task and decomposing it into a set oI subtasks (with related work
products and milestones). Following steps illustrate the task reIinement:

1. IdentiIy needs and beneIits
O Determining the needs oI the project.
O EIIicient management oI the database
O Milestone: Product statement deIined

2. DeIine desired output/control/input(OCI)
O Input: The inIormation oI the student.
O Output: Display the desired result.

3. DeIine the Iunctions
O Login page
O Main window showing various options.
O Display options
O PerIorm required action.

4. DeIine Technical Ieasibility
O Assessment oI the concept
O Milestone: Technical Ieasibility assessed

5. Review and revise documents prepared
O Milestone: Project complete



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4.5 Estimation:

Cost Estimation:

Cost estimation is part oI the planning phase oI any engineering activity. The cost
oI soItware can be calculated based on the Iollowing Iactors:
O Size
O Complexity
O Level oI Reliability
O Level oI Technology Utilized
O Availability, Feasibility & Stability oI the system used to produce the product.

SoItware cost estimation has two uses in soItware management:
O During the planning stage, one needs to decide how many engineers are needed Ior
the project and develop a schedule.
In monitoring the project`s progress, one needs to assess whether the project is progressing
according to schedule and take corrective action iI necessary




















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4.6 Risk Analysis:

Risk analysis is a series oI steps that helps a soItware team to understand and
manage uncertainty. Many problems can plague a soItware project. A risk is potential
problem it might happen, it might not. But, regardless oI outcome, it`s a really good idea to
identiIy it, assess its probability oI occurrence, estimate its impact, and establish a
contingency plan should the problem actually occur.
Risk always involves two characteristics:
O Uncertainty: The risk may or may not happen; that is, there are no 100 probable
risks.
O 488: II the risk becomes reality, unwanted consequences or losses will occur.

When risks are analyzed, it is important to quantiIy the level oI uncertainty and the degree oI
loss associated with each risk. To accomplish this diIIerent categories oI risk are considered.


4.6.1 Types of Risk:

i. !r4ect ri8: It threatens the project plan, that is iI project risk become real, it is likely
that project schedule will slip and that costs will increase.

ii. 1echnical ri8: It threatens the quality and timeliness oI the soItware to be produced,
that is, iI technical risk becomes a reality, implementation may become diIIicult or
impossible.

iii. :8ine88 ri8: It threatens the viability oI soItware to be built. It oIten jeopardizes the
project or the product.

iv. n4n ri8: It can be uncovered aIter careIul evaluation oI the project plan, the
business and technical environment in which the project is being developed and other
reliable inIormation sources.

v. !redictable ri8: They are extrapolated Irom past project experience.

vi. Unpredictable ri8: They can and do occur, but they are extremely diIIicult to
identiIy in advance.



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Chapter 5
Design


Design is the meaningIul engineering representation oI something that is to be built. It can be
traced to a customer`s requirements and at the same time assessed Ior quality against a set oI
pre deIines criteria Ior 'good design.
Design Iocuses on Iour major areas oI concern

1. Data Structures
2. SoItware Architecture
3. InterIace Representation
4. Procedural Details


In context to our project, this phase is necessary to get an insight into the proposed work.
Each oI the above mentioned Iour major areas oI concern need to be given proper time
during this phase so as to be clear oI the requirements which could probably arise later while
the implementation phase.

5.1.1 CONTEXT DIAGRAM (DFD)



CONNECTED


VERIFICATION



SENDING MSG


MOBILE

RECEIVER

COMPUTER
MOBILE
STATION
PROCESS
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5.1. CLASS DIAGRAM:
The class diagram is used to reIine the use case diagram and deIine a detailed design oI the
system. The class diagram classiIies the actors deIined in the use case diagram into a set oI
interrelated classes. The relationship or association between the classes can be either an "is-
a" or "has-a" relationship. Each class in the class diagram may be capable oI providing
certain Iunctionalities. These Iunctionalities provided by the class are termed "methods" oI
the class. Apart Irom this, each class may have certain "attributes" that uniquely identiIy
the class





















SEND SMS

-portid
-sourceid
-destinationid
-msg



-setportid()
-setsourceid()
-setdestinationid()
-getmessage()

START UP

-baudrate
-simpin
-smscenter




-setbaudrate()
-setsimpin()
-setsmscenter()
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5.1.3 SEQUENCE DIAGRAM :
A sequence diagram in UniIied Modeling Language (UML) is a kind oI interaction diagram
that shows how processes operate with one another and in what order. It is a construct oI a
Message Sequence Chart. Sequence diagrams are sometimes called Event-trace diagrams,
event scenarios, and timing diagrams.
A sequence diagram shows, as parallel vertical lines ("liIelines"), diIIerent processes or
objects that live simultaneously, and, as horizontal arrows, the messages exchanged between
them, in the order in which they occur. This allows the speciIication oI simple runtime
scenarios in a graphical manner.







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5.1.4 USE CASE DIAGRAM



Use Case Description:

The use cases we speciIy in our use case diagram are described in detail in this section.
This section will include the detail speciIication oI the use case module tells about which
actor is going to interact with the system, what will be his pre and post condition oI this
use case with their basic Ilow oI events.









USER

CONNECTED
TO PC VIA
MODEM
SEND
MESSAGES
IMPORT &
EXPORT
ADDRESS
BOOK
LOAD MSGS
FROM TEXT
FILE
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5. DATABASE DESIGN

5..1 Data Dictionary




1AVA JAVA is an object-oriented language
Software SoItware is a set oI programs that have to
Iollow us to perIorm a speciIic task.
Program Program is a set oI instructions by which
we can perIorm a speciIic task.
Client An object that uses the services oI another
object called server. That is ,clients can
send messages to servers.
Server An object, which perIorms operations
according to the clients request but may not
act upon other objects.
Class A group oI object that share common
properties and relationship. a class is
deIined with the key word 'class.
Attribute A property oI an object. Attributes may
take other objects as values.
Compilation The translation oI source code in to
machine code.
Data Flow Diagram
Destructor A Iunction that is called to deallocate
memory oI the objects oI a class.
Control Statement A statement that determines which
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statement is to be executed next based on
conditional
Data Flow Diagram(DFD) A diagram that depicts the Ilow oI data
through system and the processes that
manipulate the data.
Function A procedure that returns a value.
Function Declaration This provides the inIormation to call
a Iunction.
Inheritance A relationship between classes such that
the state and implementation oI an object
should be private to that object.
Operator A symbol that represents an action to be
perIormed.
Login Connect to account.
Logout Disconnect Irom account.
Password authentication Access to a remote computer is controlled
by password, thus Remote Administrator
uses a challenge response.
Client server architecture: Well come to the client-server
environment, which has characteristics oI
both mainIrame architecture and personal
computer architecture. The computer a
person uses on their desktop is called the
client. user`s desktop.









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5.3 Interface Design

5.3.1 Screen Shots






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MESSAGE WINDOW:








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RECEIVER WINDOW:








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GSM DEVICE SETTINGS WINDOW:







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Chapter 6
Implementation



6.1Software Requirement


Operating system

The operating system used would be open source like MicrosoIt Windows
98/xp/vista. The versions used may be the latest one used in the market. The hardware
platIorm used will be Pentium versions, Dual- core or Core-2-Duo with 128 MB or
more memory. The development technology used will be JSP Ior the page designing
and servlets Ior server side applications.


Software Requirements
SMS Gateway runs on one oI the Iollowing operating systems:
O Windows 2000
O Windows 2003
O Windows XP
O Windows Vista
O Windows 7

Hardware Requirements
O Phone-to-PC data cable (USB )
O CPU: Intel P4
O RAM: 2 GB
O Hard disk space: 500 Mb (SATA or SCSI)
O Ports: RS232 and/or USB (iI you use a GSM modem)

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6. Salient features of 1ava:-

Simple: - Java was designed to be easy Ior the proIessional programmer to learn
and use eIIectively. Java has another attribute that makes it easy to learn: it makes
an eIIort not to have surprising Ieatures.
Object-Oriented: - Java is object-oriented language. In java data can`t move
Ireely. In java more emphasis is given on object rather than data.
Robust: - The ability to create robust programs was given a high priority in the
design oI Java. To gain reliability, java restricts you in a Iew key areas, to Iorce you
to Iind your mistakes early in program development. Since java is a strictly typed
language, it checks your code at compile time and it also checks your time at run
time.
Multithreaded: - Java was designed to meet the real world requirement oI creating
interactive, networked programs. To accomplish this, Java supports multithreaded
programming, which allows you to write programs that that do many things
simultaneously.
Interpreted and High Performance: - Java enables the creation oI cross-platIorm
programs by compiling into an intermediate representation called Java Byte code.
This code can be interpreted on any system that provides a Java Virtual Machine.
Hence it helps to gain high perIormance.
Distributed: - Java is designed Ior distributed environment because it handles
TCP/IP protocols. Java revived some interIaces in a package called Remote Method
Invocation (RMI). This Ieature brings an unparalleled level oI abstraction to client
client/server programming.
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Dynamic: - Java programs carry with them substantial amounts oI run-time type
inIormation that is used to veriIy and resolve accesses to objects at run-time. This
makes it possible to dynamically link code in a saIe and expedient manner.


6.3 Testing:

As Java and custom Web applications (J2EE) continue to become the Internet`s
dominant programming environment, the issues oI perIormance and reliability remain a
major concern. As the Internet continues to grow, companies are pushed to produce
soItware Iaster than ever, inevitably resulting in products with more bugs.
This paper will argues that application perIormance tuning and analysis should occur
regularly, repeatedly and earlier in the application liIe cycle. What we call an 'iterative
approach to tuning and analysis entails addressing perIormance problems beIore they
accumulate, overwhelm and become costly. Responsibility Ior tuning must Iall to
developers, who need to treat tuning and analysis as elements oI the development process.
This approach opposes a traditional view oI tuning as process separate Irom construction,
or one assigned to a QA team unIamiliar with the code and liIe cycle constructions phase.
We view the need Ior a shiIt to this iterative approach to be motivated by:
O Changes in how Users view perIormance and reliability.
O Changes in User requirement and in how soItware is brought to market.
O The exploding presence oI Java in the enterprise market, particularly in the
server-side arena.
O These motives reIlect the growing realization that critical soItware systems are
strategic assets that must be protected and nurtured throughout development and
use.

SoItware testing is a critical element oI soItware quality assurance and represents the
ultimate reviews oI speciIication, design and code generation. Testing is concerned with
uncovering oI the system error.
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6.3.1 Testing Objectives
O Testing is a process oI executing a program with the intent oI Iinding an error.
O A good test case is one that has high probability oI Iinding an uncovered error.
O Testing is done in order to check the various control Ilow oI system

Testing Principles Followed
The testing principles considered while testing the soItware are:
All tests should be traceable to use cases.
Tests should be planned long beIore testing begins.
The Pareto principle applies to soItware testing.
Testing should begins 'in the small and progress toward 'in the large testing.
Exhaustive testing is not possible.

6.3. Testing Strategies
Dn|t test|ng unlL LesLlng focuses verlflcaLlon efforLs on Lhe smallesL unlL of sofLware
deslgn Lhe sofLware componenL or module uslng Lhe componenLlevel deslgn descrlpLlon
as a gulde lmporLanL conLrol paLhs are LesLed Lo uncover errors wlLhln Lhe boundary of
Lhe module ldeally each LesL case ls lndependenL from Lhe oLhers subsLlLuLes
llke meLhod sLubs mock ob[ecLs fakes and LesL harnesses can be used Lo asslsL LesLlng a
module ln lsolaLlon unlL LesLs are Lyplcally wrlLLen and run by sofLware developers Lo
ensure LhaL code meeLs lLs deslgn and behaves as lnLended
ntegrat|on test|ng lnLegraLlon LesLlng ls a sysLemaLlc Lechnlque for consLrucLlng Lhe
program sLrucLure whlle aL Lhe same Llme conducLlng LesLs Lo uncover errors assoclaLed
wlLh lnLerfaclng 1he ob[ecLlve ls Lo Lake unlL LesLed componenLs and bulld a program
sLrucLure LhaL has been dlcLaLed by deslgn ln pro[ecL graph generaLor lnLegraLlon LesLlng
was performed each Llme a module successfully compleLed lLs unlL LesL cases ln Lhe llne
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of regresslon LesLlng each Llme a module was modlfled lL was puL LogeLher wlLh oLher
modules Lo see lf lL ls worklng properly

Ia||dat|on test|ng L Lhe culmlnaLlon of lnLegraLlon LesLlng sofLware ls compleLely
assembled as a package lnLerfaclng errors have been uncovered and correcLed and a flnal
serles of sofLware LesLs valldaLlon LesLlng may begln valldaLlon can be deflned as
successful when sofLware funcLlons ln a manner LhaL can be reasonably expecLed by Lhe
cusLomer SofLware valldaLlon ls achleved Lhrough a serles of black box LesLlng LhaL
demonsLraLe conformlLy wlLh requlremenLs fLer each valldaLlon LesL case has been
conducLed elLher Lhe funcLlon or performance characLerlsLlcs conform Lo speclflcaLlon
and are accepLed or a devlaLlon from speclflcaLlon ls uncovered and a deflclency llsL ls
creaLed ln Lhls case LesLlng was done wlLh a percepLlon of user LveryLhlng was lnLegraLed
and made sure LhaL daLa flow was correcL and congruenL Lhe percelved flow lL was
ensured LhaL user can perform Lhe use cases descrlbed wlLh ease valldaLlons LesLlng
Lechnlques were heavlly uLlllzed durlng Lhe ul LesLlng phase and helped lmprove Lhe
usablllLy of Lhe appllcaLlon subsLanLlally















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CHAPTER 7
CONCLUSION

Comprehensive soItware is one that gives the ultimate beneIit Ior which it was created in the
Iirst. This project successIully implemented all the Ieatures regarding 'SMS GATEWAY.
The system operator can use this soItware very easily and conveniently. We solve all
problems like comparing various statistical data Ior diIIerent Iields. II at any stage, it doesn`t
gives the beneIits Ior which it was intended then its deemed as a Iailure. We were lucky that
our design turned out to be very close to what it should be. That aside, our code was
implemented as designed, with some small modiIications along the way.

7. Disadvantages
Using a mobile phone or GSM/GPRS modem to send SMS messages has a major
drawback, that is the SMS sending rate is too low. Only 6-10 SMS messages can be sent
per minute (when the "SMS over GSM" mode is used). The perIormance is not aIIected
by the connection between the computer and the mobile phone or GSM/GPRS modem
(i.e. the SMS sending rate is about the same no matter the mobile phone or GSM/GPRS
modem is connected to the computer through a serial cable, USB cable, Bluetooth link
or inIrared link) and does not depend on whether a mobile phone or GSM/GPRS modem
is used (i.e. the SMS sending rate is about the same no matter a mobile phone or a
GSM/GPRS modem is used).

7.3 Future Enhancements
We can enhance our project by doing database connectivity. With the help oI which we
can store log oI sent messages. we can import and export address book and manage our
own contact list. we can load messages Irom text Iile (CSV FORMAT).
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REFERENCES




The complete Reference in 1AVA: Herbert schield

Software Engineering: Roger S. Pressman


www.google.com

www.javamail.com

www.javascape.com

www.sitepoint.com

www.surpac.com










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GLOSSARY
A

Abstract class. A class that provides common behavior across a set oI subclasses but is not
itselI designed to have instances that work. An abstract class represent a concept; classes
derived Irom it represent implementation oI the concept. See also base class.
Application. In Java programming, a selI contained, stand-alone java program that include a
main method.
Application Server. A server program that allow the installation oI application speciIic
soItware components, in a manner so that they can be remotely invoked, usually by some Ior
oI remote object method call.
Application Developer. The producer oI web application. The output oI an Application is a
set oI servlet classes, JSP Pages, HTML Pages, and supporting libraries and Iiles (ex- image,
compressed archive Iile, etc.) Ior the web application. The application developer is typically
an application domain expert. The developer is require to be aware oI the servlet
environment and its consequences when programming, including concurrency consideration,
and create the web application accordingly.
Authorized User: A person who has been given authority by Administrator. But he/she must
be the Employee oI that organization.

B

Base Class. Classes Irom which other classes or beans are derived. A base class may itselI be
derived Irom another class. See also abstract class.
Basic. It is the basic salary Ior every employee.

C

Class. An aggregate that deIines properties, operations, and behavior Ior all instances oI that
aggregate.
Class Hierarchy. The Relationship between classes that share a single inheritance Irom the
object class.
Class library. A collection oI class.
Class Path. In your deployment environment, the environment variable that speciIies the
directories that in which to look Ior class and resources Iile.
Client/server. The model oI interaction in distributed data processing where a program at
one location sends a request to a program at another location and awaited a response. The
requesting program is called a client, and the answering program is called server.
Collection. A set oI Ieature in which each Ieature is an object.
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Commit. The operation that ends a unit oI work and update the database such that other
processor can access any change mode.
Concrete class. A subclass oI an abstract class that is specialized oI the abstract class.
Connection. A visual link between two components that represent the relationship between
the components. Each connection has a source a target and other properties.
Console. The window that acts as the standard input (System. in) and standard output
(System. out).
Constructor. A special class method that has same name as the class and is used to construct
and possibly initialize objects oI its class type
D

Data Abstraction. A data type with a private representation and a public set oI operations.
The Java language uses the concept oI classes to implement data abstraction.

E

Encapsulation. T hiding oI soItware oI soItware objects internal representation. The object
provides an interIace that queries and manipulates the data without exposing its underlying
structure.
Event. An action by a user program, or a speciIication oI a notiIication that may trigger
speciIic behavior. In JDK1.1, events notiIy the relevant listener classes to take appropriate
action.

F

Field. A Data object in a class. For example, a Employee class could have the Name Iield
and an address Iield. Fields can itselI be an object with its own behavior and Iield.
Framework. A set oI cooperative classes with strong connection that provide a template Ior
development.

G

Garbage Collector. A Smalltalk process Ior periodically identiIying unreIerenced object and
deal locating their memory
Graphical user interface (GUI). A type oI interIace that enable users to communicate with
a program by manipulating graphical Ieatures, rather than by entering commands.


H

Hypertext Mark-up Language (HTML). The basic language that is used to build hypertext
document on the World Wide Web. It is used in basic, plain ASCII-Text document but when
those document interpreted by a Web browser such as Netscape; the document can display
Iormatted text, color, a variety oI Font, graphics Image, special eIIects, hypertext jumps to
other Internet Location.

I
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Inheritance. A mechanism by which an object class can use the attributes, relationships, and
methods deIined in more abstract classes related to it. It is an object-oriented programming
technique that allows you to use existing classes as bases Ior creating other classes.
Interface. A set oI methods that can be accessed by any class in the class hierarchy. The
interIace page in the Workbench list all interIaces in the Workspace.


1

1ava. A programming language invented by sun Microsystems that is speciIically designed
Ior writing programs that can be saIely downloaded to your computer through internet and
immediately run without Iear oI viruses or other harm to your computer or Iiles. Using small
Java programs (called applets) Web pages can include Iunction such as animation, calculator
and other Iancy tricks.
1ava Archive (1AR). A platIorm-independent Iile Iormats that groups many Iile into one.
JAR Iiles are used Ior compression, reduced download time, and security. Because the JAR
Iormat is written in Java, JAR Iiles are Iully extensible.

K

Keyword. A predeIined word, reserved Ior Java that can`t be used as an identiIier.

L

Listener. In jdk1.1, classes that receive and handle events.
Local Area Network (LAN). A computer network located on a user`s establishment within a
limited geographical area. A LAN typically consists oI one or more server machine providing
services to a number oI client workstation.


M

Method. Fragments oI Java code within a class hat can be invoked and passed a set oI
parameters to perIorm speciIic task.
Method call. A communication Irom one object to another that requests the receiving object
to execute a method. A method call consists oI a method name that indicates the requested
Method and the argument to be used in executing the method. The method call always
returns some object to the requesting object as the result oI perIorming the method.
Synonyms Ior Message.
Message. A request Irom one object that the receiving object implement a method. Because
data is encapsulated and not directly accessible, a message is the only way to send data Irom
one Object to another. Each message speciIies the name oI the receiving object, the method
to be Implemented, and any argument the method needs Ior implementation. Synonyms Ior
method Call.

N
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Native Method. Method written in language other than java that can be called by java object.


O

Object. A Collection oI data and methods that operate on that data, which together represent
a logical entity in the system. In object-oriented programming, objects are grouped into
classes that share common data deIinition and methods. Each object in the class is said to be
oI the class.
Object class. A template Ior deIining the attributes and methods oI an object. An object class
can contain other object class. An individual representation oI an object class is called an
object.
Object-Oriented Programming (OOP). A programming approach based on the concept s
oI data Abstraction and inheritance. Unlike procedural programming techniques, object-
oriented Programming concentrate on those data objects that constitute the problem and how
they Are manipulated, not on how something is accomplished.
Overloading. An object-oriented programming technique that allows the redeIinition oI
methods when the methods are used with class types.

P

Package. A program element that contains related class and interIaces.
Parent class. The class Irom which another class inherits data, methods or both.
Private. In java, an access modiIier associated with a class member. It allows only the class
itselI to access the member.
Process. A collection oI code, data and other system resources, including at least one thread
oI Execution that perIorms a data processing task.
Property. An initial setting. For example- a name, Iont, text or positional characteristic.
Protected. In java, an access modiIier associated with a class member. It allows the class
itselI, subclass, and all classes in the same package to access the member.
Prototype. A method declaration or deIinitions that include both he return type oI the
method and the type oI its arguments.

R

Roll back. The process oI restoring data changed by SQL statement to the state at it last
commits point.

S

Salary Advance. It is the deduction head which can be deduce in the case oI regular
employee and daily wages employee.
Server. A computer that provide service to multiple users or workstation in a network. For
example a Iile server, a printer server, or a mail server.
Special Allowance. It is the type oI allowance which is used Ior every employee.

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T

Thread. A unit oI execution within a process.
Transaction. In a CICS program, an event that queries or modiIies a database that resides on
the CICS Server.

U

User Interface (UI). The hardware, soItware, or both that enables a user to interact with a
computer.

V

Variable. A storage place within an object Ior a data Ieature. The data Ieature is an object,
such as number or date, stored as n attribute oI the containing object.