[DEVELOPMENT January 17, 2012

Concepts of Development Development is about growth, enhancement, further increase, improvement in every field of endeavor. Development is desirable - development is determined by maturity. There are 3 main ideas concerning the concept of development: 1. Development as the enactment of human values.

This means that for anything to develop, or become better, improvement has to be related to some values that are being enacted e.g. developing an individual means placing a value on the acquisition of knowledge and skills and this may also lead to inter-relationships with your fellow human beings. Most people place a high value on material possessions and the comforts of life. Therefore when improvement is being made for anything including societies some set of values is going to be emphasized. For instance, growth and development is related to the standard of living. Standard of living - the material wealth of people 2. Development as increasing differentiation or complexity

This simply means that for anything to develop it must become more complex and more differentiated - its component parts become more efficient and more integrated e.g. How societies are described (as developing and developed) A developing country is an agricultural society or has a high percentage of its labour force in agriculture. The Industrial or Material Sector may be small and located only at the ports of the various cities. A developed country on the other hand is one where much of the labour force is engaged in industry, manufacturing, business, commercial activities and other services. These activities generate much larger profits than agriculture. Agriculture is much more efficient than in the developing country because of mechanization therefore leading only to a small labour force. 3. Development as Liberation or Human Freedom This concept of development comes from philosophers, educators, humanitarians, economists and political scientists. It states that for people to be developed it must be accompanied by growth in their autonomy in the auctions they can pursue and their actions are important and can make a difference e.g. Many people see development as liberty or human freedom being achieved through education.

[DEVELOPMENT January 17, 2012

18.01.12 Development is concerned with countries of the Third world i.e. Most of the countries of Africa, Asia and Latin America.Development is therefore concerned with the relationship between Third World and the First and Second World. The First World refers to the Capitalist or mixed economy countries of the west. In practice the term Second World has seldom been used but it refers to the countries of Central and Eastern Europe. These countries were Communist before the late 1950's and the early 1990's. The most common use of development identifies it with economic growth, usually measured in per capita, GNP. However looking at development purely in terms of economic growth is increasingly problematic because in many parts of the world it is fast happening i.e. The richer countries are getting richer and poorer countries are getting poorer. However the term devlopment can be used more broadly to mean social and political development. This will imply that development is a positive process. The term develoment is defined as the enlargement of peoples choices , politically, socially, economically and morally with regards to the advancement or improvement of the individual and the country.

Factors that Hinder Development Poverty Lack of Technology Lack of promotion of education Government mismanagement of funds Government's failure to motivate citizens to maximise their skills Crime [Brain-Drain - deterrent to to investors]

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Factors that Promote Development -- Literacy, Education and skills -- Health -- Income and Economic Welfare -- Choice, democracy and participation -- Technology

[DEVELOPMENT January 17, 2012

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Changing Class Boundaries The people of a country are given the broadest possible opportunities and choices to upgrade their capabilities and in so doing promote the dvelopment process. The productivity of a nation has to do with the skills and education of its human resources. This means that investment in people, in their education, training, re-training as well as their health is important. As a result of people educating themselves, they are able to acquire the skills that are necessary for this age or generation. This results in people changing their class boundary, from a lower class to a higher class and promoting the development process. Technology would now enable individuals to have problem solving and management capability skills and therefore produce wealth for their country.

Natural Disasters [Hinders Development] Natural Disasters can be defined as a temporary event triggered by natural hazards which can seriously affect the social and economic development of the region. They can disrupt the economic activity of a country, cause a loss of capital and they could have a negative short term effect on GDP [Gross Domestic Product] growth. Thus hindering the country's development. Natural Disasters can also hinder development by affecting household welfare through homelessness as well as loss of productive assets which generates income e.g. shops, factories, crops, cattle, arable land and forest. A natural disaster - -- floods make land unsuitable for agricultural production until the water recedes. --hurricanes might wash out arable land or permanently increase salinity through storm surge and flash floods. --loss of perrenial crops such as banana trees etc. The destruction of these banana trees has long term consequences on the ability to generate income e.g. The case of Grenade in 2004 with the hit of hurricane Ivan which highlighted the threat of how natural disasters can hinder development. Almost 90% of houses were damaged along with schools, hospitals and infrastructure such as roads. The banana industry was demolished and over 90% of the forest lands and water sheds were stripped of vegetation. Natural disasters cause death and injuries due to the collapse of buildings and the flow of water, mud etc which carried people away, sickness and violence.