Hydraulics

Prof. B.S. Thandaveswara

Tunnel
The Beas Sutlej link project links two rivers viz: Beas and Sutlej through a system of tunnels and a high contour open channel. This link is designed to carry a discharge of 255 m3s-1.

Pandoh Baggi tunnel

250 mm concrete lining, Q = 255 m3s-1, 7.62 m dia, 13.17 km long, So 1 in 22.2 first 457 m, 1 in 670 remaining part.

Sundernagar Hydel Channel

Sundernagar Sutlej Tunnel 12.31 km long, 8.33 m dia, concrete lined / R.C. for some reach links forebay and surge shaft. Surge shaft 22.6 m dia, 125.3 m high, Differential type 3 penstocks 22.86 m dia, 7.62 m dia riser. Chute spillway in a 6.71 m dia Tunnel fitted to surge shaft. Power generated 1000 MW.

Dehar Power plant

Pandoh Dam Spillway with flip bucket. Beas dam is fitted with spillway of 213.4 m with a discharge of 12374 m3s-1. Stilling basin 99 m long and 213.4 m wide.

Indian Institute of Technology Madras

Hydraulics

Prof. B.S. Thandaveswara

Muchkund Project, Tunnel linking the water conductor system (channel) to the forebay

Indian Institute of Technology Madras

Hydraulics

Prof. B.S. Thandaveswara

Some Tunnel profiles

55.5o 0.854 m 0.64 m 59o 2.80 m 2.175 m 2.54 m 3.55 m 3.0 1.275 m 0.825 m

1.96 m

1.47 m

1.70 m

4.9804 m

Horse shoe tunnel Horse shoe tunnels are very convenient to construct

Low pressure Tunnels < 10 m, Medium head Tunnels (10 - 100 m) and High head Tunnels (> 100 m)

Name Sabarigiri Sharavathy Yamuna Hydel II stage Pandoh - Baggi Beas project

Area (Sq.m) 16.4 35.36 44.15 45.58

Discharge, Q (m3/s) 53.5 147.2 234 255.0

Velocity (m/s) 3.32 4 to 4.5 5.32 5.59

Velocity in pressure shafts 6 to 8 m/s. Value of Manning n for Tunnels Very rough Surface trimmed Surface trimmed and inverts concreted 0.04 to 0.06 0.025 to 0.035 0.020 to 0.030

Indian Institute of Technology Madras

Hydraulics

Prof. B.S. Thandaveswara

Hydraulic Data for Head Race Tunnel - Indian Projects Sl. No Name of the Project Length of Tunnel (m) Diameter of Tunnel (m) Area (Sq.m) Disch arge (m3/s) Velocit y (m/s) Type of Lining

Baira Siul. H.E. project (H.P) (a) Baira Tunnel (b) Bhaledh Tunnel 7700 5.0 1.83 * 2.74 20.7 88.0 4.25 Plain concret e Plain concret e

7910

4.66

19.8

4.25

Yamuna Hydel Scheme Stage II (a) Part I 6200 7.0 38.4 235 6.1 Plain concret e Plain concret e Plain concret e R.C.C Plain concret e

(b) Part II 3 Giri H.E. Project 4 Loktak Hydro Electric Project Beas Sutlej Link (a) Pandoh Baggi

5700

7.5

44.15

234

5.32

7200 1250

3.66 3.36

10.51 8.83

46.68 46.68

4.45 5.29

6510

3.81

12.05

42.3

3.51

13110

7.62

45.58

255

5.59

12350

8.53

57.15

403.5

7.06

Plain concret e R.C.C has been provide d where the cover is less R.C.C. R.C.C. near

Srisailam Hydro Electric Project Upper sindh Hydro Electric

736 396

15.0 3.14 * 2.59

176.8 5.63

980 12

5.54 2.13

Indian Institute of Technology Madras

Hydraulics

Prof. B.S. Thandaveswara

Project 8 Maneri Bhali Hydro Electric Project Kadampari Hydro Electric Project Chukha Hydro Electric Project Sharavathi (Karnataka) Kundah (Tamil Nadu) Koyna (Maharashtra) 8532 4.75 17.71 70 3.95

1035

7.0

38.46

150

3.9

10

6406

4.9

18.85

95.2

5.05

11

2073

8.69

55.73

198.4

3.56

12

4553.4

2.52

4.96

19.81

4.0

13

3256

7.32

42.06

portal Plain concret e/ R.C.C Plain concret e Plain concret e Plain concret e Plain concret e Plain concret e

HYDRAULIC DATA FOR HEAD RACE TUNNELS-FOREIGN PROJECTS Length of the Tunnel (m) 1 2 Ala, Italy 1953 Valtellina, Italy 1959 Eucumbene, Tumut Australia 1959 Tooma Tumut Australia 1961 Tumut 2 Australia 1962 La Bathie, France 1960 Innertkirchen, Switzerland 9,236 22600 Dia of Tunnel (m) 4.94 Discharge Velocity Q m3/s 200 62 m /s 2.99 3.31 6.5 km concrete concrete

Sl. No.

Name of Project

Area in m2 67 20.24

Type of lining

Concrete

22315

6.4

32.2 12.81

142 100

4.40 7.81

14330

3.8 * 3.7 horse shoe3.43 circular 9.24 100 125 10.82 3.88 concrete concrete concrete, steel for 100m Asbestos Plate

4,938

6.4

32.2 14 15.2 9

6 7

12528 9,968

4.2 * 4.4 3.4

50 54

3.33 6.0

Indian Institute of Technology Madras

Hydraulics

Prof. B.S. Thandaveswara

8 9

1942 Bersimis I, Canada 1955 Kurobe, Japan 1961

12230 10,400

9.45 4.80

70 18.1

425 72

6.07 3.98

concrete -

Manning roughness n = 0.013 per concrete. Muchkund Hydro Electric Scheme / water conductor system Location: Jalapat across Muchkund River. Gross Head: 266.39 m near Dudh Falls. Flume open = 1250 m. Tunnel = 1219.2 m. Pressure tunnels 914.4 m. Pipelines 2 numbers 3.05 m diameter. Steel pipe of 34.75 m. Penstocks 6 numbers 1.6 m diameter and 1.45 m diameter. Vertical Francis Turbine.

d0

Horse shoe tunnel

Indian Institute of Technology Madras

Hydraulics

Prof. B.S. Thandaveswara

1 Circular 0.8 Horse shoe Area

y __ d0

0.6 Hydraulic Mean Radius

0.4

0.2

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.2

1.4

A R Normalised Area ( ___ ) and Hydraulic Mean Radius ( ___ ) 2 d0 d0 __ ____ 4 4 for Horse Shoe Conduits
RCC with 1% Reinforcement Minimum Excavation Line (Pay Line) Inner Formed surface of concrete lining RCC with 1.5 to 2 % Reinforcement

Typical Cross section in soft strata

Typical Cross section of Tunnel in soft soils

Indian Institute of Technology Madras