Respiratory Load- Work of breathing

Multiple choice 1) Which of the following is true in terms of work of breathing? a) Work=height x weight b) Work=weight x energy c) Work = height x energy d) Work = energy x time 2) Which is false regarding work of breathing a) effort required to move gases in and out of body b) effort of respiratory muscles c) pressure required to continue respiratory cycle d) increased compliance will increase WOB 3) Which is false regarding the consequences of an increased respiratory load? a) Increased ventilation, decreased secretion clearance b) Decreased QOL c) Dyspnoea d) Increased WOB 4) Which is false regarding the types of respiratory load? a) Resistive load involves the dynamic properties, elastic load involves static properties b) Resistive load involves the dynamic properties, elastic load involves dynamic properties c) Resistive load involves the static properties, elastic load involves static properties d) Resistive load involves the static properties, elastic load involves dynamic properties 5) Which of following is true? a) Tissues contact makes up 20% of frictional resistance, whilst Raw makes up 80% b) Tissues contact makes up 80% of frictional resistance, whilst Raw makes up 20% c) Tissues contact makes up 50% of frictional resistance, whilst Raw makes up 50% d) None of the above 6) Which of the following contribute to Raw? a) airway length and radius b) gas viscosity c) driving pressure of gas d) all the above 7) Which is true regarding inertial resistance? a) Considerably large contribution to resistance b) Very small, negligible contribution c) due to the movement of gas, lungs, chest wall d) A and C e) B and C 8) Which of the following is true in terms of lung and chest wall compliance a) Lung compliance increases with high lung volumes, chest wall compliance increase with high volumes.

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b) Lung compliance decreases with high lung volumes, chest wall compliance decrease with high volumes. c) Lung compliance increases with high lung volumes, chest wall compliance decrease with high volumes. d) Lung compliance decreases with high lung volumes, chest wall compliance increase with high volumes. Which is true in terms of the measurements of muscle force generation using MIPS for males and females? a) Males =114cmH20, females = 67cmH20 b) Males =67cmH20, females = 114cmH20 c) Males =114cmH20, females = 114cmH20 d) Males =67cmH20, females = 67cmH20 Which is true in terms of the measurements of muscle force generation using MEPS for males and females? a) Males=160cmH20, Females=95 cmH20 b) Males=95 cmH20, Females=160cmH20 c) Males=160cmH20, Females=160 cmH20 d) Males=95cmH20, Females=95 cmH20 Which of the following is true regarding hyperinflation? a) Increased FRC b) Increased Residual Volume c) Increased static lung volumes d) All the above Which of the following is true regarding what worsens hyperinflation? a) Increased Airway resistance, decreased expiration time b) Increased Airway resistance, increased expiration time c) decreased Airway resistance, decreased expiration time d) decreased Airway resistance, increased expiration time

Short answer 1) Explain the concept of dyspnoea n terms of its causes, patient presentation, physiological disruption between feedback and central control. 2) How can dyspnoea be assessed and treated? 3) What is the mechanism of hyperinflation and what are the advantages and disadvantages to. 4) Explain the concept of work of breathing. 5) What are some of the causes of respiratory dysfunction, give examples. Long response Explain the concept of respiratory load and elaborate on the types, how changes in respiratory load affect the efficiency and work of breathing.