Tutorial # 3

1. Given: A ferromagnetic ring, Lm = 36 cm, A = 3 cm2, N = 400 turns. I = 1.4 A, and = 1.4 mWb. Required: r. Solution :

F = N . I = .R, , 400 x 1.4 = 1.4 x 10-3 .R ,

400 x 1.4 R = = 4 x 105 A/Wb, 3 1.4 x 10
I Lm N

R =
r =

Lm

o r A
5

0.36 = 2387 4 x 10 x 3 x 10 4 x 4 x 10 7

2. Given: A cast steel ring, Lm = 30 cm, Lg = 2 mm, A = 3 cm2, and B = 0.6 T.

Required: F. Solution :

Bc = Bg = 0.6 T, From the cast steel magnetization curve Hc = 430 At/m, F c = Hc . Lm = 430 x 0.3 = 129At, F g = Hg . Lg = =
Bg

x Lg ,

0 .6 x 2 x 10-3 = 955At, 7 4 x 10

F = F c + F g = 129 + 955 = 1084 At

Magnetization Curves

3. Given: A sheet steel, B1 = 0.4T, B2 = 0.8 T, B3 = 1.2 T, and B4 = l.6 T.

Required: Average value of permeability (B/H) (). Solution :

For each value of B the corresponding H is found from the sheet steel magnetization curve. The results are as follows: B (T) 0.4 0.8 1.2 1.6 H (At/m) 130 370 720 2650 (H/m) 3.08E-03 2.16E-03 1.67E-03 6.04E-04

4. Given: A cast iron pipe as shown in figure, N = 100 turns, from the figure do = 8 cm, di = 6 cm, and pipe length (L) = 6 cm.
Required: (a) for I = 10 A.

(b) I when using a cast steel pipe with the same as in part (a).
Solution :

(a) F = N . I = 100 x 10 = 1000 At, A = (ro ri) x L = (4 - 3) x 6 = 6 cm2,

dm = (do + di)/2 = (8 + 6)/2 = 7 cm, Lm = dm = 0.07 m H =

N .I 1000 = 4547 At/m, = L m 0.07

From the cast iron magnetization curve B = 0.72 T,

= B x A = 0.72 x 6 x 10-4 = 432 Wb.

(b) For the same flux, = 432 Wb,

B = 0.72 T,

From the cast steel magnetization curve H = 500 At/m, F = H . Lm = 500 x 0.07 = 110 At, F = N . I, therefore, I =
F 110 = = 1.1 A. N 100

5. Given: A sheet steel as shown in figure, N = 200 turns, varies from 4 to 12 mWb in steps of 2 mWb.
Required: Calculate the magnetization curve and plot vs I for;

(a) The circuit without air gap. (b) The circuit with air gap.
Solution :

(a) Lm = 18+18+18+18 = 72 cm, A = 8 x 10 = 80 cm2 = 8 x 10-3 m, The steps to calculate the magnetization curve and the corresponding values for I for each value of are as follows; 1- Calculate B, B =

2- Find the corresponding value for H from the sheet steel magnetization curve. 3- Calculate F , F = H . Lm , and finally, 4- Calculate I, I =
F . N

The results are as follows: (mWb) 4 6 8 10 12 B (T) 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 H (At/m) 180 310 350 750 1660 F (At) 130 223 252 540 1195 I (A) 0.65 1.12 1.26 2.70 5.98

(b) Lm = 18+18+18+18 -0.1 = 71.9 cm 72 cm, A = 8 x 10 = 80 cm2 = 8 x 10-3 m, The steps to calculate the magnetization curve and the corresponding values for I for each value of are as follows; 1- Calculate B, B = Bc = Bg =

2- Find the corresponding value for Hc from the sheet steel magnetization curve (this values are the same as in part (a)). 3- Calculate F c, F c = Hc . Lm (this values are the same as in part (a)), 4- Calculate F g, F g =
Bg

. Lg,

5- Calculate F , F = F c +F g , and finally, 6- Calculate I, I =

F . N

The results are as follows:

B (T) 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5

Hc (At/m) 180 310 350 750 1660

F c (At) 130 223 252 540 1195

F g (At) 398 597 796 995 1194

F c (At) 527 820 1048 1535 2389

I (A) 2.64 4.10 5.24 7.67 11.94

12

10 Flux (mWb)

4 0 .0 0 5 .0 0 I (A ) 1 0 .0 0 1 5 .0 0

6. Given: A sheet steel core as shown in figure, N = 280 turns, = 1 mWb, core thickness is 3 cm.
Required: Coil current (I). Solution :

A = 3 x 4 = 12 cm2 = 12 x 10-4 m2, Bg = Hg = At/m,

=
Bg

1 x 10 3 = 0.83 T, 12 x 10 4

0.83 4 x 10 7

= 0.661 x 106

F g = Hg x Lg = 0.661 x 106 x 0.001 = 661 At, Bc = Bg = 0.83 T, From the cast steel magnetization curve Hc = 350 At/m, F c = Hc x Lc = 350 x 0.16 = 55 At,
L = R = /2 = 0.5 mWb,

BL = BR =

/2
A

0.5 x 10 3 = 0.42 T, 12 x 10 4

From the cast steel magnetization curve HL = HR = 130 At/m, F L = F R = HL x LL = 130 x 0.4 = 52 At, F = F R + F c + F g = 52 + 55 + 661 = 768 At, I =
768 F = = 2.74 A. N 280