MOBILE INTERNET PROTOCOL VERSION-6

A SEMINAR REPORT
Submitted to the faculty of Engineering North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon. In partial fulfillment of requirements for the degree of

Bachelor of Engineering In Computer Engineering

Submitted By

JAIN NILESH SURESH

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER ENGINEERING S.S.V.P.S.s B.S. DEORE COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, DHULE.

2003-2004

MOBILE INTERNET PROTOCOL VERSION-6

A SEMINAR REPORT
Submitted to the faculty of Engineering In partial fulfillment of requirements for North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon. the degree of

Bachelor of Engineering In Computer Engineering

Submitted By

JAIN NILESH SURESH

Under the Guidance of

Mr.H.D.Patil
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER ENGINEERING
S.S.V.P.S.s B.S. DEORE COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, DHULE.

2003-2004

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the seminar entitled MOBILE INTERNET PROTOCOL VERSION-6 has been carried out by JAIN NILESH SURESH under my guidance in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Bachelor of Engineering in Computer Engineering of North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon during the academic year 2003-04.

Guide Mr. H.D.Patil

Head of the Department Mr. G. K. Patnaik

Principal Dr.S.V.Deodhar

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I express true sense of gratitude towards my seminar guide Mr.H.D.PATIL for his invaluable co-operation and guidance that he gave me throughout my seminar. I would also like to specially thank our ,head of department Mr. G. K. PatnaiK for inspiring me and providing me all the lab facilities, which made this seminar work very convenient. I would also like to express my appreciation and thanks to all my friends who knowingly or unknowingly have assisted me through out my hard work. Finally how can I forget the almighty the supreme power the GOD and my loving parents without which this work task was a distant dream. . . . . . . Nilesh Jain.

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ABSTRACT The communication networks and services are changing rapidly. The conventional and packet switched networks are being replaced by next generation networks, primarily based on internet protocol. However, the current internet protocol which is the backbone of transmission control protocol networking, is rapidly becoming incomplete to fulfill requirements of advance mobile internet world and causing to create problems with limited address space, security and other related feathers. Mobility support for internet devices is quite more important. Hence to support mobile devices, which are dynamically change there access points to the internet, there is a need of protocol supporting internet devices Known as Mobile IP. The new protocol IPv6 has been developed to overcome all the problems, related to previous versions and to provide solutions for the next generation mobile networks. MIpv6 overomes the all type of problems with ipv4 and other related mobile internet protocols. The paper addresees the features of MIPV6 and explains how Mipv6 fullfills the standredization and the requirements of advance mobile world.

TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER PAGE NO.

1. Introduction to MIPv6
2. Terminology 3. Overview of MIPv6
3.1 Mobil ipv6 messages 3.2 Mipv6 data structure 3.3 Mobile ipv6 operation

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4 5 6

4. Home Agent Discovery Mechanism

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5. Advantages of MIPv6
5.1 Advantages Over ipv4 5.2 Advantages over Other Protocols

6. Conclusion Bibliography Appendix-a Abbreviations Appendix-b

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CHAPTER :1

INTRODUCTION
Mobility support for internet devices is quite more important. Today we have to face several problems that make difficult to use mobile internet devices. The problem is based in the routing mechanisms which are used in the internet. Ip address defines a kind of topologicle relation between the linked computers. Todays versions of internet protocols assume implicit that any node has always the same point of attachment to the internet. Additionaly the nodes ip address identifies the link on which the node resides. [1] If a node moves without changing its ip address ,there is no information in its network address about the new point of attachment to the internet. Existing routing protocols thus not able to deliver datagrams correctly. In the scenario shown in fig 1 packets addressed to a node with the subnet prefix B will always be routed to link B. But current requirements shows the network address to change, when a host moves to a new location.

Figure 1

A node moves without changing its ip address.

To support mobile devices, which are [2] dynamically change there access points to the internet, there is a need of protocol supporting internet devices Known as Mobile IP. There are two variations of mobile IP, mobile IPv4, and Mobile IPv6. Mobile ipv6 allows an host to leave its home subnet while transparently maintaining all of its parent connections and remaining rechable to the rest of the internet. This mechanism is realized by ipv6 [1] by identifying each node by their static (home) address regardless of their current point of attachment to the internet while away from home each mobile node has an additional (temporary) address which identifies its current location (figure 2).

figure 2. A mobile node moves to another link.

CHAPTER : 2

TERMINOLOGY
Binding
The association of the home address of a mobile node with a care of address for that mobile node, along with the remaining lifetime of that association. Correspondent Node A peer node with which a mobile node is communicating. The correspondent node may be either mobile or stationary. Home link Any link other than the mobile nodes home link. Foreign address An IP address assigned to a mobile node within its home Link. Home Agent A router on a mobile nodes home link with which the mobile node has registered its current [5] care-of-address. While the mobile node is away ,from the home the home agent intercepts packets on the home link destined to the mobile nodes home address,encapsulates them,and tunnels them to the mobile nodes registered care of address. Home link The link on which a mobile nodes home subnet prefix is defined. Standard IP routing mechanisms will deliver packets destined for a mobile nodes home address to its home link. Mobile node A node that can change its point of attachment from one link to another, while still being reachable via its home address. Home Registration Home subnet prefix home address. Registration of the mobile node with its primary The IP subnet prefix corresponding to a mobile nodes

CHAPTER : 3

OVERVIEW OF MOBILE IPv6

3.1 Mobile IPv6 messages
Mobile ipv6 requires the exchange of additional information.All new messages used in mobile ipv6 are defined as IPv6 Destination options. [4] These options are used in IPv6 to carry additional information that needs to be examined only by a packets destination node. The following four new destination options are defined in mobile IPv6.

Binding update
The binding update option is used by a mobile node to inform its home agent or any other correspondent node about its current care-of-address.

Binding Acknowledgement
The binding acknowledgement option is used to acknowledge the receipt of a binding update, if an acknowledgement was requested.

Binding request
The binding request option is used by any node to request a mobile node to send the binding request is by any node to request a mobile node to send a binding update with the current care-of-address.

Home address
The home address option is used in a packet send by a mobile node to inform the receiver of this packet about the mobile nodes home address.if a packet with the Home address option is authenticated then the home address option must also be covered by this authentication.
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3.2 Data Structures

The mobile IPv6 specification describes the protocolin terms of the following three conceptual data structures : Binding Cache Every IPv6 node has a binding cache which is used to hold the bindings for other nodes.if a node receives a binding update,it will add this binding to its binding cache.Every time when sending a packet,the binding cache is searched for an entry.in case there is an entry the packet is sent to the care-of-address of the coroospondent node using a routing header. Binding update list Every mobile node has a binding update list which is used store information about Each binding update sent by this mobile node for which lifetime has not expired yet. It contains all binding updates send to any (mobile or stationary) correspondent nodes and to its home agent. Home agent registration As soon as a mobile node detects that it has moved from one link to another and it has discovered a new default router,a mobile node performs address configuration. It uses its new formed address as its care-of-address. The prefix of the care-of-address is the prefix of the link being visited by the mobile node. all packets addressed to this care-of-address will reach the mobile node on the current link.The mobile node registers its care-of-address with its home agent containing a binding update destination option as shown in fig 4.
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3.3 Mobile IPv6 operation

Fig 3. shows how the operation of MIPv6 is being carried out .

Figure 3. Mobile Ipv6 scenario. Link a is the home link of the mobile which moved to link b.another node is connected to link c. The scenario above shows links and three sustems.on link A resides a router which offersHome agent service.

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Home agent registration is carried out in the scenario as shown in the following figre 4.

Figure 4. The mobile node registers with its home agent.

The mobile node sends a binding update to a home agent on its home link. This home agent accepts the binding update and returns a binding acknowledgement.

Triangle routing
Now the home agent intercepts any packets addressed to the mobile nodes home address. Therefore it uses proxy neighbor discovery. Proxy neighbor discovery means that the home agent multicasts a neighbour advertisement onto the homelink on behalf of the agent multicasts a neighbour advertisement onto the home link on behalf of the mobile node.If the mobile node sends packets to any other node, it sends packets directly to the destination. The mobile node sets the source address of this packet to the care-of-address and includes a Home address destination option .If a mobile node communicates with a correspondent while being away from home, packets are routed from the correspondent node to the home agent, from 8

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the home agent to the mobile and from the mobile to the correspondent. This routing is called as a triangle routing as shown in fig 5.

Figure 5. Triangle Routing The home agent intersepts packets addressed to the mobile nodes adderss using proxy neighbour discovery.it tunnels these intercepted packets to the current careof-address of the mobile node while the mobile node is away from home.

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Figure 6

Route Optimization.

The mobile node sends a binding update to a correspondent node.The correspondent node is now able to send packets directly to the mobile node. Any IPv6 node sending a packet first checks its binding cache for this destination address. If there is an entry,it will send the packet to the mobile node using a routing header.the route specified by this routing header has two hops as shown in fig 7.the first hop is the care of address and the second hop is the home address of the mobile node [2].

Figure 7

The routing header of a packet send directly to a mobile node.

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A mobile node can use any combination of mechanisms available to detect when it has moved from one link to another. One possibility is to wait for the periodically sent router advertisements. If the mobile node receives no router advertisements for a certain time , [1] it will assume that this default router is no longer rechable and decide to switch to another router from which it may currently receive Router advertisements. As soon as the mobile node detects that it has moved to another link,it sends a Binding updatet to its home agent and to corrosppondent nodes which have an entry in the Binding update list as shown in fig 8.

Figure 8. Location updating.

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CHAPTER :4

HOME AGENT DISCOVERY MECHANISM

Assuming that a mobile node does not know the ip address of its home agent ,mobile IPv6 provides a mechanism that allows a mobile node to [3] dynamically discover the ip address of a home agent on its home link with which it may register its care-of-address while being away from home.

Figure 9 Dynamic home agent address discovery.

1) Binding update to home-agents anycast address. 2)Binding acknowledgement including the home agents list rejects the registration request.

The mobile node sends a binding update to the home agents anycast address, one home agent on the home link returns a binding acknowledgement which update but includes the home agents list.
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The mobile node sends a binding update to the [4] home agents anycast address for its own home subnet prefix and thus reaches one of the routers on its home link currently operating as a home agent.this home agent rejects the mobile nodes binding update and returns in response a list of all home agents on the home link in the binding acknowledgement (figure 9.) this home agents list is maintained by each home agent The mobile node sends a binding update to one of these addresses of this list and waits for the binding matching binding acknowledgement as shown in figure 10. if it does not raceive a binding acknowledgement or is rejected the mobile node may try tob register with another home agent of this list.it should try t hip addresses in the listed order because the [3] first address is the most preferable home agent and last address is the list preferable home agent.

Fig 10.

Dynamic home agent discocery

1) Binding update to home agent 3 2) Binding acknowledgement ,registration ok. 13

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CHAPTER: 5

ADVANTAGES OF MOBILE IPv6

Principally the mobility support for internet devices is possible an standardized for both ip protocol versions,IPv4 and IPv6,but IPv6 provides some enhanced functionality.this chapter shortly lists the main advantages of Mobile Ipv6,that were as follows. 1) Mobile IP has to assign globel Ip address to a mobile node on each point it attaches to internet node.due to address shortage in IPv4 [1] there may be problems on some links to reserve enough globel IPv4 addresses,for IPv6 there are enough addresses available. 2) Mobile IPv6 uses efficient mechanisms for the dynamic home agent discovery mechanism by sending a binding update to the home agent anycast address and getting response from exactly one of the several home Using stateless autoconfiguration and neighbour discovery Mobile IPv6 can use ipsec for all security requirements, like data integrity protection and reply protection. 3) To avoid waste of bandwidth due to triangle routing ,mobile ip specifies the mechanisms of route optimization.while route optimization is an additional functionality for MIPv4, it is an integral part of IPv6. 4) There are several routrrs in the interet which execute [4] ingress filtering for the packets to be forwarded by them ,that is they check,if the sourse address of a packet could be reached over the interface th packet ha sbeen received. Mobile Ipv6 can coexit with ingress filtering without problems.

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CHAPTER :6

CONCLUSION
Due to highly market demands there is a high demand for networks with mobility support. But till IPv4 there is no sufficient protocol which provides this facility with totle quality demands. IPv4 tried better but due to limited addressing space it gives the limited solution. This and other related problems with mobile IPv4 gives advancement to it in mobile IPv6 . Mobile IPv6 with good solutions for related problems provides better quality service. The use of Mobile IPv6 for any mobility network is usefull to adapt the required quallity solutions with better perfonce range. Moreover mobile IPv6 can be considered as the only solution for highly improving mobility networks.

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BIBLOGRAPHY
[1] David b. Johnson and charles perkins,mobility support in IPv6,mobile IPv6-12.txt,2000. [2] S. deering and Hinden, internet protocol version 6 specification, RFC 2460,1998.

[3] Extending Mobile IPv6 to Provide Enhanced Support for Real-time

Services . in Heterogeneous Overlay Networks, J. Finney, A. Scott. Proceedings of . the Euroforum Network Management and Implementation of Mobile IP . Conference, London, October 1999. [4] D. Johnson and C. Perkins. Mobility Support in IPv6. Internet Draft, Internet Engineering Task Force. draft-ietf-mobileip-ipv6-13.txt. April 2000. H. Chaskar, R. Koodli. A Framework for QoS Support in Mobile IPv6, . draft-chaskar-mobileip-qos-00.txt, November 2000.

[5] ..

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Appendix - a Abbreviations
DHCP.. Dynamic host configuration protocol . IP Internet protocol.

IPV4 Internet protocol version 4. IPV6 Internet protocol version 6. OSPFOpen shortest path first. IPng Internet protocol next generateon. IETF Internet engineering task force. TCP Transmission control protocol. RIP Routing information protocol. WAP Wireless application protocol. UDP User datagram protocol.

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