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Content of Presentation :
1. Introduction 2. General theory 3. Experimental Procedure 3 E i t lP d 4. 4 Data Collecting and Analysis 5. Conclusion and recommendation
Key Words
Cl b i k Clay brick C Compressive strength i t th Compressive load Cement mortar
Introduction
Masonry is a well known well-known composite building material p g constructed by bonding brick l b i k elements and mortar t d t bricks are solid and generally made of clay in home-based factories
INTRODUCTION (continued)
can be found easily the cost is relatively low. clay bricks are locally produced in home factories commonly used as building materials for constructing rural houses and low rise buildings h dl i b ildi
INTRODUCTION (continued)
The quality of bricks are considered to be widely vary Produced under limited technical supervision Burned by using traditional wood-fired oven Need partial improvement in Indonesian Standard
Majalengka
May 2001
Bandung
Cikarang
University of Indonesia
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
(h)
(a)
(b)
Damage on masonry housings during Bengkulu Earthquake, June 2000 (a) Partial d ( ) P ti l damage, (b) Total collapse and partial damage T t l ll d ti l d
(c)
(d)
Damage on masonry housings during Majalengka Earthquake, May 2001 (a) Severe damage, (b) Partial damage on mortared walls
General theory G l th
compressive pressure (Fig. 1) per unit area is formulated as fb = PV / A The axial strain is formulated as = V / h Modulus of Elasticity Eb is formulated as Eb = fb /
PV V h
Experimental Procedure
( (Standard SNI 15 2094 1991) ) - Evaluation of bricks physical properties (Table 1 and Table 2) - C Clasificasion of bricks ( color) f f (in ) - Preparation of brick specimens p p - Preparation of mortar mix - Specimen coding - Crushing test
Width (mm)
Length (mm)
Brick Color
Thickness
Size ( mm )
Width Length
Mass
(gram)
Density
(ton/m3)
Sand
Pozzolan
1 (A) 2 (B) ( )
1 1
3 4
I I
A B
Coding
A1 to A10 B1 to B10
30
30
mortar
A1
Space 10 mm
A1
Half part of brick
fb max
Yellow Bricks [N/mm2]
fb max
Dark Red Bricks [N/mm2]
fb max
Red Bricks [N/mm2]
1:3
15.04397
16.92766
14.55552
1:4
12.98479 12 98479
15.27977 15 27977
14.55502 14 55502
Modulus of Elasticity Eb , [N/mm2] Compressive Stress Range Specimen A01 s/d A10 B01 s/d B10 A11 s/d A20 B11 s/d B20 A21 s/d A30 B21 s/d B30 02 0 2 N/mm2 ND ND ND ND ND ND 2-6 26 N/mm2 7725.05 5234.37 10359.4 5178.76 6768.76 4632.30 6-10 6 10 N/mm2 9541.73 6177.96 11180.1 6298.79 7312.94 5350.57 10 N/mm2 5828.87 5227.94 9199.14 6503.56 7069.76 7399.27 Remark Mortar 1:3 Mortar 1:4 Mortar 1:3 Mortar 1:4 Mortar 1:3 Mortar 1:4
R = 0.9997
Average
Fissure closing
y = 220 72x 220.72x R =1
2
PV
Strain (mm/mm)
Modulus of rupture
Conclusion
The average water absorption index of yellow brick and red brick is 10 20 gr/dm2/second The average water absorption index of dark red brick which is > 10 20 gr/dm2/second The over burned dark red bricks have more surface cracks compare to red and yellow bricks.
CONCLUSION (continued ..) The compressive strength of mortar type A is about 1.6 higher than the compressive strength of f mortar type B Brick compressive strength is influenced by type, quality and the amount of mortar i each t f t in h specimens. Higher Hi h mortar strength will t t th ill produce higher brick compressive strength t th Water cement ratio of mortar type Ai l is lower th than water cement ratio t t ti fo mortar type B.
The value of Modulus of Elasticity for brick f b i k using mortar t i t type A > mortar type B. Crack pattern generally occurred across along the brick and mortar with vertical crack pattern in the direction of compressive pressure pressure. Brittle failure happened in most specimens and no ductility response seen during these tests. g
Recommendation
Developing different type of p g yp specimen model, either for brick g p g assemblage compressive strength or column compressive strength. C Concerning about different brick i b t diff tb i k product from different region. Consideration of surface roughness of individual brick that may affect the bonding between mortar and brick
Recommendation (cont)
Laboratory tests may be iterated as y p many tests as possible. To avoid a wide bias in test results results, the construction of specimens should b arranged more precisely. h ld be d i l
Essy AB