High antioxidant juice with new concept

Why human get sick?

b. Because of too much radical in the body - not many people know to remove radicals - do not know right technique to take high antioxidant foods

Do we take enough antioxidants??

Red palm oil ??

Take enough fruit ??

Fresh or over-cooked vegetables

Brown or polished rice Green tea or teh tarik

Antioxidant in ulam
Pucuk paku merah

Pucuk kaduk Pucuk gajus

Do we use natural or artificial colours?

Antioxidants and health

Antioxidants - compounds that inhibit or delay, but do not completely prevent oxidation of; fats proteins carbohydrates DNA Natural antioxidants; Vitamin E Vitamin C Carotenoids Coenzyme Q10 Phenolic acids Hydroxycinnamates and stilbenes Flavonoids Quinones Essential oils Antioxidant enzyme (Superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase Synthetic antioxidants Butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT).

ROS and RNS

Free radicals - generated by normal cellular metabolism - exogenous agents. ROS can cause damage to cellular macromolecules - leading to a process called oxidative stress

Oxidative stress - implicated in the development of many diseases - cancer - cardiac disease - premature aging

Why phenolics??

Phenolics have received much attention as they suggested to protect against a variety of disorders, particularly cancer and cardiovascular diseases Antioxidant - stronger than Vitamin C and E

Flavone
OH O
3' 2' 8 7 6 5 9 4' 1

Isoflavone

Flavonol
O

1' 2 3

B
6'

5'

A
10

C
4

O O OH

Anthocyanin
O

Flavan-3-ol

Flavanone

How to identify phenolic compounds??

HP

LC with tandem mass spectrometry

HPLC-MS-MS - powerful technique to characterise and identify phenolics; - structural information of; a. aglycon b. type of carbohydrate c. interglycosidic linkage - rapid and accurate e.g. 3 days compare Z to 3 weeks by NMR
1

0,2

X1

Y1 O HO OH O

CH2OH Y0 O OH O aglycone Z0

OH
0,2

OH B1

0,2

A2

OH B2

A1

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GCMS)

GC-MS - powerful technique to characterise and identify simple phenolics; - phenolic acids - derivatise using BSTFA or MSTFA

How phenolics can be metabolised in humans ??

Phenolic antioxidants

Stomach

Small intestine Colon

Contains ~1012 microorganism - able to produce enzymes involved in hydrolysis, dehydroxylation, demethylation, ring cleavage, decarboxylation and deconjugation

How to maintain colons health?

Herbal Supplements
However, they do not offer a long term solution. may sometimes be

successful in emptying the bowel, but they dont really clean out the bowel or remove the toxic waste. They also dont promote good bacteria. In turn, your colon health remains unaffected. Essentially herbal supplements will cause contraction which can help to excrete stuff that would have come out anyway.

should only be used as a temporary solution for constipation. Ongoing use can cause colitis, dehydration and other awful disorders and diseases of the colon. Laxatives also dont help the compaction issue either, which is the most difficult to treat.

Laxatives
is helpful if you want to

experience the benefits of a proper colon cleanse or have mild or chronic constipation. It is a full intestinal colon cleanse solution that took a team of scientists two years to develop. The key ingredient is Psyllimax, a derivative of psyllium a natural fiber. Psyllimax combined with other special, all natural ingredients, actually soaks up toxins, and scrubs out those deep crevices where bad bacteria and parasites can hide. It removes all impacted feces and completely detoxes your intestines allowing your body to get all the nutrients it needs.

Colon Cleanse

High fibre Yoghurt

Potential source of antioxidants

Green Tea

Green tea
potent antioxidant greater than vitamin C and E contains gallic acid derivatives, flavan-3-ols, flavonol, teaflavin and purine alkaloid. ()-Epigallocatechin gallate - Trolox Equivalent Antoxidant Capacity (TEAC) value of 3.0.

OH OH HO OH O O O OH HO OH OH OH OH epicatechin OH O OH OH HO O OH OH OH OH
HO OH O O O

OH

OH

OH

OH epigallocatechin gallate

epigallocatechin

OH OH epicatechin gallate

Coffee
a. Contains high amount of chlorogenic acid and other caffeloyl quinic acid derivatives b. Comprise a number of sub-groups; The most widespread i. caffeloylquinic acid ii. feruloylquinic acid iii. p-cumaroylquinic acid d. Major component in coffee is 5-O-caffeloylquinic acid e. 5-O-caffeloylquinic acid showed the highest TEAC value by 1.4.

OH

OH

O HOOC OH O OH OH

5-O-caffeloylquinic acid

OH HO OC OH OH OH O O

OH OH HOOC OH OH OH O O

OH OH O HOOC OH O OH OH

OH

3-O-Caff eoylquinic acid

4-O-Caff eoylquinic acid

5-O -Caff eoylquinic acid OCH 3 OH

OH HOOC OH

OCH 3 OH OH O O HOOC OH

OCH3 OH OH O HOO C OH

O O OH OH

OH O

3-O -Feruloylquinic acid

4-O-Feruloylquinic acid

5-O-Feruloylquinic acid

OH

OH O HOOC OH O O

OH

OH

OH

OH

O OH HO OC OH O O 3,4-O-Dicaffeoylquinic acid O OH

OH

O OH OH OH HOOC OH

O O O O OH O

OH

OH

3,5-O -Dicaffeoylquinic acid

4,5-O-Dicaffeoylquinic acid

Major chlorogenic acids found in coffee

Citrus flavanones
HO O HO

OH
O O HO HO OH HO O 8 7 6 A 1 O C 2' 2

OCH3 B 4'
5'

3'

1' 6'

Found in oranges - hesperetin-7-O-rutinoside (hesperidin) Hesperidin appears not to be absorbed in the small intestine Some of the released aglycone is absorbed into the circulatory via the formation of hesperetin glucuronide, in quantities corresponding to ca. 5% of flavanone intake.

4 3 OH 5 OH O

Hesperetin-7-O-rutinoside (hesperidin)

Effect of food matric

Food matrices e.g. carbohydrate, fat and protein

1%

31%

Food matrix effect

Catabolism of cocoa flavan-3-ols

Food matrix effect

Cocoa flavan-3-ols
Posses higher antioxidant activity than green tea, wine and black tea
OH OH HO OH O OH HO OH O OH

Cocoa products are currently controversial as to whether or not they should be recommended as health foods.

OH

OH

Cocoa contains high fat

(+)-Catechin
OH OH HO OH HO O
4

(+)-Epicatechin
OH HO OH OH OH HO O
6

OH

O
4

OH

OH
8 O

OH

OH

OH

HO

(-)-Procyanidin B2 dimer
OH

OH

(-)-Procyanidin B5 dimer

Is it really good ????

Carrot milk

Teh tarik

+
Green tea added with cholestrum

Yoghurt with fruit

How to overcome low absorption of phenolics eg. flavonoids?

Eat fruits!!

Fruit contains vitamin and free antioxidant compound highly absorped

Phenolic acids
a. Contribute one-third of the dietary phenols in plant foods b. Antioxidant properties and beneficial health-promoting effects in chronic and degenerative diseases. c. Free phenolic acid -well absorbed, better than flavonoids e.g 5 to 30 minutes compared to 8-24 hrs for flavonoid d. Higher antioxidant capacity than flavonoids e.g. gallic acid (14 x higher than vit. E) pyrogallic acid protocatechuic acid (10 x higher than vit. E)

OH OH HO O HO O

OH OH

OH

OH

OH

OH

(+)-Catechin

( )-Epicatechin OH

OH OH HO O
4

OH HO O
4

Phenolic acids

OH OH HO
8

OH OH OH HO
6

OH

OH

O OH O

OH

HO

OH OH ( )-Procyanidin B2 dimer ( )-Procyanidin B5 dimer

microorganism

Phenolic acids

High free phenolic acids juice

Flavonoids

5 to 30 min. absorption

Colon
Phenolic acids (5 to 30 hrs)

Free phenolic acids in hone

Total free phenolic acid (ug/g dwt)

Free phenolic acid in commercial products and Nutrima-Juice

573.4
600

500

375.1
400

300

200

134

100

0
0

31.2

3.3

29.2

Product A

Product B

Product C

Product D

Product E

Product F

NutrimaJuice