ADVISORY COMMITTEE

Dr.H. M. Marulasiddaiah

CONTENTS

Rtd.Prof. Dept. of Social Work, Bangalore University

Dr.C.R. Gopal
Asst. General Manager, SMIORE

H. Hanumantharayappa
Ex. President R.R. Nagarasabhe

AzQAi

Dr.T.B.B.S.V. Ramanaiah
Prof. Dept. of Social Work, Mysore University

G.S. Lakshmiprasad
Director, HRM Consultants

Dr.T.K. Nair

- J.. z i

Czsjg - MAz ifP u-4

- JA. t

Director, Institute of Social Work & Research, Chennai

Dr.B.T. Lawani

Director, Yashwanth Rao Chavan Institute of Social Science, Studies and Research, Pune

Dr.R. Shivappa
Head of the Dept. Social Work, Mysore University

Ez iU

- UAr t

Dr.K. Hemalatha
Faculty, Dept. of Social Work, Christ University.

Dr.T.S. Chandrashekara

Faculty & Consultant Psychiatric Counsellor, Spandana Hospital Pvt. Ltd., Bangalore

Dr.Indumathi Rao

JZ.L.. AQv P DgUz P

CBR Network, Bangalore

- z vA

N.V. Vasudeva Sharma

Director, Child Rights Trust.

M. A. Boratti

CAQ CAU v P PU

- w f..

Rtd. Principal, Basaveshwara College

Ram K Navaratna
CEO, HR Resonance

M.R. Sharma
Sr. Manager, Compact India

EDITOR
M. H. Ramesha
NIRATANKA TEAM
N. Ponnaswamy
B.N. Jyothi
Basavaraj Kambale
Vyshali
L. Nirmala
H.N. Gayathri Ramesha
H. Gangaraj
K. Roopavathi Bai
T. Laveena
ACTIVE COMMITTEE
S. Venkatesh Murthy

P CPvAi gz glz eU
P PU-e
s l

- . j
- UA f. g
_ DAz

Will Malnutrition Devour Our Children Forever?

HOD, Dept of Social Work, CMR College

- R. Padmini

Manjunatha
MJ Management Consultancy

G. Gundappa
Dept of Social Work, Kolar PG Centre

Advocacy for Child Rights Matters

N.L. Anand
Dept of Social Work, CMR College

- Vasudeva Sharma N.V.

Dr. G. Lakshmana
Assistant Professor, Dept of Social Work, Central University, Gulbarga

H.V. Nagesh
Research Scholar, Bangalore University

Towards Protecting the Rights of Children of Prisoners

N. Murali

- Nina P. Nayak

Faculty, Dept of Social Work, Kolar PG Centre

V.T. Mohan
Hemadri College of Management Studies, Tumkur

Renuka E Asagi
Shashikantha Rao

Book Introduction

- Shraddha Sharma

Govt First Grade College, Madhugiri

Panduranga .R Jadhav
Govt First Grade College, Mudalagi, Gokaka

G.R. Jagadeeshwar, Kolar

B.V. Gouda
U.S. Pradeep
C.R. Prasanna
Lokesh Ameen
Sangappa Vaggar
CREATIVE GROUP
K.S. Ramesha, V .Avinash, M.V. Naveen

3 idPAiz eU

UGC-NET Solved Questions

- Murali .N

idPAiz eU, Ai a: Al-2

Samaja Karyada Hejjegalu, Subject Index: Volume-2

Ag 2012

AzQAi

EA P EA eU
- zPz DPv
AiB P A eU JAz zU CA
AiPg z Ezz, P DgUAvgV, zqsgV,
Ptz CP qz, AzAz zz
djU g zgUP JAz. EAv
vAiij J PU UPAz Azs Aiv. Dzg,
1950g gz Azs, g MvqUU Qz
Pgt Pt sv P JAz W v
PP zwAi AtV . Ez,
sgvz PlAvg q v Ut P DgU,
tU, CPU qAi zsv Jzg Pl
ju jv. Ez P sgvz P w ivVg.
dUw vP zU P jUtwzz, Plg
vUzPP, Ezg gP. P CgUP
FqUz, CPP U AiiUz, zrAi
UP U Pqz, iglz UUz, Mn
APU zqz DVv.

zAz zAz. P eUAz jUtz?

Cj aPg, Mv PqP wAizg, zz
djU g zjzg, Cz U Cg
FU eUU zs? Uzg Cg eU JAz
J z JAz zg, GvgPV C E vqPqP.
J d, P ZgU, P PU Pvz Egg
Pq z Azszz. Azsz Jz?
KAz z? Czg Ezg, qsv Pz,
sgv Uj Pg PzAiz, Czgz Ezgz...
Azg, JAi P eU JAz .
Cx 18 znz Avg eU JAz, qsgz
eUAz UgwPA zU. UV EA
P A eU JAz wz, FU
U zUz?

EAvzAz jwU PvgPAz Un

vjzg w JUAm e JA n .
P Ai idz jV jUtP.
PVg PUU u PqP J DPAi
zP AAi V vnv. 1989g AAi
P
PU
MqArP
WuAiiv.
18
zVg PAz jUt Cg zP, gPu,
P v sUP PU i iqPAz
v z gUU A PgPnv.
F MqArPU sgv 20 U Az v zv
rv. eUAz jUtvgVg P E v
Aizz PU ejUV Pz Pwzg. zz
Ml dASAi .45 P JAz P. Dzg,
Eg zq itz P FU UAz
AavgVzg, aP Ai Aig v wzg!
CAzg, zrAivg, Az iqvg, PlA
vg, zAiiUwzg, P gwzg,
Ezg sg vgz zsz jz wzg.
P Pjv sg zs jwAi CAQASU,
vlz PguzsAiU, Pj U PU
v U uU qqAzg Jw
vgwgz CP sU. P PU

CAiU SMS P gV wz-9980066890 Cx E- iqz. socialworkfootprints@gmail.com

4 idPAiz eU

Ag 2012

PgmUAz t qz g
w, P gAig Ezg.
P Cg PU zPAz
q
Bw
PgPU,
AiA AWlUUU E
A. P j qg
sZgz gz E. EA
vv CUvAzg J AiA
AWlU v Pgz ESU
v AWlU Uj GzU
P PU vvU
CrPz,
idPAi
Ptz P PU ZgU
z v Pg PUV
PAiPU gU Pq
iZ iqz.

ejUV PAz v gd PgU

g w ivPv, AidU
v CP tP F J
Ww. Dzg, E CzP DPv
Eg P vw? EzgAU
vg g AiA AWlU,
EwZU Pgm Gz v
CAvgAi
AWlU
P
Pvz P w. vz !
CzP U PV?
P Pvz, P gV
Q
P
iqwgg
v
AzsU
vqVPArggg iV
z
Pgz
U,
AidU
Ezg,
vlz
CU CP u v
vP PuAiiVg Gj v
ii AzV PU
AiavV U, sU
Uw. Cz DgU PAzU,
CAUr, , P zy
AiU, CAUPvg PU
s MzVPz PAzU, E
C, Cx PUAz KqU
AiU,
,
PAU,
izs v Ai Ai
P U vvg, sZg, zsUw
Mqz Ptvz. Ezg q
P
PlAU,
zAiU
5 idPAiz eU

P J jwAi CPU
qz
PtPV,
ifPV,
AwPV, DmlU Az
gv Ezg. Dzg, gg
UAz DV gjg
Gg v Ezg q
vgv AzAVAv FU P
UnAiiz s gwz. ew,
zs, PlAP v DyP ,
Pt l E zzU, Eg
Cz PU, AidU,
PAiPU nw.
F
Jzg
q
MAz
DQgtU. P gV z
Jvg zq q z.
U
gg,
PPg QUg,
P AiPV qzqg,
PtP
CPU
g,
Azz ew UU, CASvg
P KUV PnzgVgg,
MAz Jgq. Dzg F AS
Pr. Pgt, vPg FU
P
qz,
U
qAi Pz Pwgg JAAv.
evU Pgzq, Aiq
AztP irPAq, PAvUAz
Av JAAv P j
K MAz PAiP ir
Pgz, E A AU,

sgv zz Czsz Eg
P FU UAgV
jUtzg,
zz
jw
Uqzg
Ci.
PU AiavV Q gz
UQgz
MzV
U
v A U CgUPg
jwU, P Ai
Kgg, GvzPvU Kl,
EvU id v Pg
JzjPUvz. UV, PAzg
EA eU JA sPU
zgUP v CzPV
Qz. Ewa U zz
zs AiiAiU P gV
grg tAiU (PP
zw) CxAi, PgU
PUwg
P
zu
Cx
PzU it
(Pt P v P PU
gPu DAiUU it) v
P U CgzsU Zgu
iq AiiAiU ,
P PU Us E
zz
idPAiPvg
CxirPQz. D P
PU, tAiU, aAvU
P gz PUQz.
-z i J..
Cwy AzP
Ag 2012

g r

vAiAg v g
f, zsU Pjv zj
JZ.. s U zj
u tZ Cg RU
UVAi, PVAi E.
idPAiz eU Cz Pn
idPjU wAi vAz.
Ai Pg id
iqjU, Czg AU
qwgjU Pqiqvz. FU
z U Az Pg JZ.
gAAig CzsPvAi MAz
wAi F PAiPV v.
F zs JZ. gAAig
zsgzg. Cg z
v. F wAi sAi
Pgz. wAi sU Az Ugv
zg s DgAszq
PqiqUzzg
gU Z iq
DgAzg. QUU,
Cx AUU Axz
d. Dzg qzg
CjPz jwwU?
Pqiq QU v AU
zs KVgP Avz
AiU RavrPAq. F
izAqz jv aPz
ifPPAiPvg Cx AU
Aii JAz zsjz
AiU JAz sv. JAz.
zg F UU Zgir
izAqU a JAzg.
vvU v AidU
PAiUvUzg
CrPArgjU F
qP. M qzjU v v

6 idPAiz eU

qgz. vvU
g iqAz Cvzg
owUU, oUU F
qPV. Ez PAiz,
gvAi, CAvzAiz,
APAq wg QUU
Cx AUU Pz
gg JAz.
zg F izAqUU v
wazg. DAvg QU v
AU gU a QAi
DgAsv.
zsz Cg
vAig j qAiwg
gQtzsA D, PmAi
CAUPg Pt v Rehabilitation
UV qUwg f
PAzz APgz gAz PV
Cg v AU z
APgz g.
U g gU UV
zg azg. CAwV
AU z APgz
jU F qzAz
vAz wiv.
Ai evU MAz P g.
U PqiqzV sg
iq tAi w PUArv.
PgP Pq Pgz SAvg
F tAi P Pqv.
tAi AAzsl ag P
jz MAzgq z ag
zszsz MAz vvs Pgzg.
qzg evU E
Az 10 P g.U q
Pg wi irz. DzjAz
wAi wi zPVz.
Ai D CjU
PqzV zsjVz JAzg.
ag F jwAi v U
g GAlirv. wAi
sg PznU Jz ag
vz Dz wi wAi
g gnz, wU
irz Ci JAz Uv.
ajU z
wi wAi
gzP z DAi wAi
CzsPz gfAi Pj,
DAvg U vaz ir
JAz. F jwAi UAAivAi
Uz jAi CPjAig. F

z v MAz P g.U
zg vvz w wi
irgjU qP. A
Az Pzg Ai evU
10 P g.U q zsg
Pg ejU JAz
irzg. ag F Ai
CAVPg irzg.
Az z igAs
qz AU z
jU v MAz
P g.U r Ugv.
-JZ.J. zg
jAi vAv glUgg
dPAiz eU Ag
AaPAi PlVg RU
Pvz DQ Eg
idPAiPvjU
GAiUPg.
|| gzAig gg,
Cg zsgq zAizzU
qz, g MAzg Av Avz
t zzPVz. D Cs
Aizzg Cz Jwvj
CAU EAU v. g
Aizzg Czg aUg
g?
CPU Pgv Ezg
jZAiz Ai zzsg
idPAi PuyU v
, r, Ez GAiP
ZlnPU Cg Av
ir MAz Uz, ||
gzAig iUzz
qz ggz AiUz gu
F Rzz.
D gz AiU Pgtz
CAU PAiz
DQ Ag idPAiPvg
EAz UzlPPVz.
CU RzUAzg,
Gz, v Aid, v
v, gg CPA v
Pg, Ai e U P
iUz.
|| gzAig F R
EA idPAiz zsPjU
iUaAiiU JAz Dv.
-J.J. w
AUg

Ag 2012

Czsjg - MAz ifP u-4

t

A AaPAz

w
PlAz
tUAqU
jwAi ggAiiVgvz.
UAq U dzU U d t
nzU CAi t J Gzg
Pgvz. zgzz AUwAiAzg
uz vAi t U nzU
CAi UAqUgv JAz Cv
Pz. tU UszgU
PUwz. JPq t U
nz Pq Pz vnU Jzz
Pgwz (Ezg juV Mmg
dASAi tU it
PqAiiUwz. Gvg sgvz P
AvU AiU qVAig
zgPz, tU Cg g AvUU
U jw Az).
t
nz
U
sgPwz.
EAx
U C vP uV
nz; UAqVzg ZVv JAz
Aia
DgAv.
C
v AiijU Qz, vAz
JjU vAzg, v AidQ,
J DZU nPv.
Ezg juV C v Q
J s GzUvz. C
v v UAi, z
DgAv; P PzAv F s
Er tewU Dgqvz.
Ez PgtPV C v v,
zjAig U U jzAv,
J tU z DgAv.
U t v U, v tz U ,
Er AU ewAi U ZAzs
zgvz.
V UAq U Az
t
vAi
jzU
tU t Eg zz
CQ ZV PAqgvz. C C
PlAP AAzsU avVgv.
i v Ai q AAzs
zsgVgvz. CwU
zg
AAzs GvVgvz.. Dzg, Cv
7 idPAiz eU

Aig q, CwU Aig

q d C
nU zqvz. g gzQu
UU Cv Aig PgtAz
Uwz.
PlAP
gUU
AUg
PgtA
CAi
Aiwz.
CvAi
vAiAv
q
Aij.
Ai
UAv Pt CvAij. EzP
Pgt?
Cg
Vg
t Pjvz z Pgtgz?
t g v EAz t J
CAi jAi? DaPz
ZgU.
t Pjvz Pv CAiU
vUPzg,
zU
t
v t MPP. v
uVgzP qP. C
J Jz C CjU gP.
vzg PlAP U ifP
Vgvz JAz CU
zmUP. JQAv RV,
UAq
J
qVgz,
zrz, AvVgz,
idz i Ugz,
K irgz. Dzg, MAz
U gg JAz t
wAiP. P v, Q,
zqgV ir idP C
QAiAi i JAz C
iv Evgg CjvPP. Ez
t Pgtz z e.
EAz t zzU C
iP
gU,
qrU
nU
Pgt
CAi
C PUwz. t UAr dv
ivUV qwg gl
ZAvz.
ivAi
CQzg v E. Dzg,
C fz wAiAz gz
UAr
Z
CQv,
jQv; C vVAv J
zsU lzgPAz C
AiP. UAq jAi r
qv, C UAi EgPAz

CQv. GzguU, t P
CPU, RV z
Azsz,
C
AiPU,
j. t v j UAq
VgP JAz jQv? C
vVAv JvgVgP; vggP;
QAvgP; Z NzVgP;
CP jAvgP. CAzg, Kx?
J
jwAi
UAq
vVAv
gP. Uzg iv JAz
gvz? Da. Aiiz t
vVAv P, Pq Nz,
Pq
zrAi
M
zAiiU Ea. Dzg
ivUV
gl
qv.
EzAz Aii? gzQu
P
UAq

J
PZ AUg AiP. z
EzAi Eg J zsAi
tVgP. z Ezg Aiig
Ai.

EwZUAv
J
gAUz
AUjU j EgPA iv
Pgwz. j Pz v
QAz gPV MPzg
APv? ivAi Aiig
P qAigz, Aiig Cz
Pqgg. Cz UP. Cz
vV gAvUP. t CAv
f Ai grPP.
g CAz DZ
gtU
tU
nAz
CAPV Ag. CP
Aiiz eP E. EAx
aAvU id C vU
vAwgvz. C VgP, U
qAiP (t v vV qAiP),
JgP (AiVgP), K
iqP (CqU irPArgP),
K iqgz (Jzgqgz),
Jz C PlA, C
ifP jg zsjvz. Cz
d UAq P AzsU
g. C UAq, JU
Pzg
Uz,
K
Ag 2012

Pzg iqz. F EUAi

w t iP tUAi
s gvz. CAz tz
Ai aqvz; t QV
Pt
s
AiAv
iqvz. C tz z
Ai AiPUv.
f
RAiVgPzg
tUAqU q vgvggz.
tUAqU MAz Z MAz
Pq JA; Cjg ig.
QAiU Cjg LPv, iUi
CP. Cjg v MAz C,
MAz gxz Jgq ZPUA s
AiP. CzP Pz ifP
Ai P. CzP vP
Pt Ai PP. idz
DyP
iz
iAi
iU
RzAz
Jg
CjAiP.
e
JjP si (Erich Fromm, 1976)
Av dUw z Jz
R; Jz iR.
t PjvV gAi
wU
zuAiiUP.
t gP z Ez
DV. tz v it zs
EgnU C vP
Vz. v Ez giAiit,
z Ez sgv,
Ez EAiqUAx PU
H zs. t Pz
Pt, vAi zg, t gQ,
dUv, zAii, JAz
wU t sPj
gzg,
gAiwzg.
PU
C AzAi, AidP,
GvP ir gAivg. Ez
Cv j qAiwz. t
qAi
CAiUU
UAq
PgtAz C RAiPV
awz vz, zizsU
i.
Uzg
t
zUtU E? UAq Q
KPP GzAz, v U v UAq
PgtAz gl Dvv irPAq
AqwAijzg. M V,
CAz
tqz,
E
v zAi zAz iq
8 idPAiz eU

AUjzg. AiPgq
CU, j Pl UAq
Pz AqwAijzg. PUV
K
iq
AUAijzg.
EAxg Pjv gU Pq.
N DAU gUwAi iv E
GRAi. Cz Vz: t,
UAqV l. UVzg
MAz t zAiiU PUwv!
CAz,
UAqtUg
MAijzg, Plg Ezg. tU
A Pq UAqjgAv UArU
A Pq AUg Ezg.
t UtU sPj, UAr
U Pj jl
gUgg, izsU Dz Pq
iqP.
gU, ivPvU,
t UAqU gz AVUAz
(opposite sex) PgAi jlz.
Cz U nv wAiz. CzAz
v sAiU. tUAqU
gP AVU (complementary
sexes), gz AVU. dg
t j z eUvV
Ggvz. Cz PU jwAi
UAq PU jq
Ptz. J dV vg,
eQgi, QgAit, gzsP,
JAz jqv r. C
Cz
sgz Ugw.
r; vw, Qw,
Giw. t w; tzg
wvP Cvz Aia.
Aii tU w, gw JAz
jn.
PqV MAz av
zw Ez. UArU t GqU
vr, t UArAv CAPj
iqvg. Uzv szPU
gPAi wj U iqvgAz
vg. Cz Eg. tUAqU
jig. Cg Mg Z
Mg Pq JA, UAq t
UtU CjvPP, t UAr
UtU
wzPP.
Cg
zAwU; zA Ez w DUz
zs. Cjg MAz Ai
Csd WlPU J Ai

ezg CQg j Ez
JAzPz.
t
UAqU
gg
CxirPP. Cg AztP
EgP. F AztPAi sgwAi
zU AzgV .
GzguU, AR zz g
Pw gg PAi U.
ARg Pg, Pw t; g UAq.
PwU Pt; Pgq. gU P;
J. Ejg CV zP
PAqPAq GAiAxz? PAl
g Pgq Pw U
PjPAq Uz. q
g zj vjvz; Ptz Pw
Az
qAivz.
tUAqU
AAiU VgP. Ez DzsP
e
wgz.
Ez
DZAi

gtU,
U, zU, Czsjg
gz AzgV aw. zU
Aiig zg F wP,
Cg CAt. o
Reference
t, JA, (2011) P AiAU.
AUg: C.
Freud,S. (1933/1966). The complete
introductory
lectures
on
psychoanalysis (J. Strachey, Ed.
And Trans.). New York: Norton.
(Original work published, 1933).
Fromm, E. (1976). To have or to be?
New York: Harper & Row.
Goldberg, E. (2002). The lord who
is half woman: Ardhanareeswara
in Indian and feminist perspective.
Suny Press.
Kinsley,D.
(1998).
Hindu
goddesses:Visions of the devine
feminine in the Hindu religious
tradition.
Motilal
Banarasidas
Publication.
Murti, K. K. (1991). Tituchengodu
temple Ardhanareeswar tirukoil
in: The temples of Tamil Nadu,
Tirupati.

q.JA. t
B zsP (v)
Zgt: 9448921422
Ag 2012

` Ez iU
mP C- sU-3
t

A AaPAz

CzsAi: 21
9g m DlUg, 10g qPg
irz? Wv P zs,
, P iqvg. EzP wsV
P

Wv
CAi
wgjvg. UAz EjU PAUm
Cx xAP z zlg
A U JAx Cs
Pgvz JAz Q?
11. PqPqz Cx vU
q, JAz Wv Pqg
vqAig Ezg.
g PgU P JAz
Cz
ugz,
igAsz
Pg g PgU
PgU a R CwyU
K iqvg? K vg?
12. Wv PzAv JAzg j
P WU PAv wjzgEzP Gzgu PqQ.
13. n m P,
m Aig vPt Zj
P, n. qU PgAm
glv, FU nz t
U z l, A
gPz msg F
Av, AUvg Ugx
geAi
DU
zAvg
Wv, U wAiAz
WlAi UAi xv, zjz u
g JAz vU v PgtV
(?) P Wv PlPg Ezg.
Ai gZ

Ai,
Ai
gV
U v M 1. gAijU
MAz
Wv
Pqv, Ezg Cs C
UAv vPt MAz Cx
Z PWv Pqv.
2. gAijU Wv Pqz
E, PWv Pqv.
9 idPAiz eU

3. gAijAz Wv PAv
wv. Wv QzU Czg
Cs C UAv w
vU v PUv PlPv.
4. gAijAz Wv PAv
wv. Wv QzU Cz
wgjv Cx vqAiv.
5. gAijAz PWv PAvAi
wv.
6. vU v Wv PlP,
PWv PlPv.
Dg vU Wv
JA R, w, CPA v
Ug JA U Q N. F
U fz Av v
Ug Ezg CzP Aiig u?
F a Ai gAijU
v vU PWv PqPzg
Aii s Dzsj PWv Pq
zs?
E PAv F
AiiU zBR, P, sAi
lv v EzjAzV E
Pnz Cx vP gw
JAzzg CzP Pgt E ,
jg Cx EAi?

QAiinAz
g
E
wAi GAi iP gV
v i (iP Ai
Q), UVz JAz Pfg
U UP? JAz P
Ugv (i) Q, WvU
U Dg Cz KAi v
z.

gVAi
ev
vAz,
Aqw, UV , C ev
zV DV P iqPVg,
C iq qPg,
DV P iq, JAzg CAz
gAvg Wv qAi v CU
gAvg Wv Pq Aiiz
u Ez PPg MAz gu
Pqvg-C jgz Pz w,
CPA Pl gVAi

iqvg Cx iqP
JAz. Aiiz PgvP Cs
wgjz Cs irPAqU
PgvP
CsAz

iqz U? MAz U
Pl (UAzg JAz U
RArv Uw) C irz
JAlPt. DzAvg C
v jgP AgUP. w
Pz jgAz B gV
DU? F v Aiig v
U jAiP?
gVAi
jzAv
F
Avz PPg P zU
Arvg-jgz
s...
gVAi DV
gjz... g Wu...
C AiiP F jw iqwz
JAz Pgt qQ iqP...
Ev.
PPg
J
zU,
xU Ugv.
zAz Ez Gl
ZVz
Pu,
vA
ZVzj vAz g, F CAV U
ZV Ptvz JAz AAzsljU
gV w CU iv ,
C
PmAz
gU
qzU, Em Dm, A
Am g iq JAz v
v v,
FV zsU sAi Cx
zsz QzU xAP, U
AvVz JAz, grAi,
g
gvAPV
PgU
QPAq
PjU
PtV
PVz PaAi PvAvg Cz
vUj,
FU qAiwg Wl Egz
U JAzz EzP AvAz
Cx PgvP
sUzAv
izsAz
wQ
v
EzjAz gg Eg zsvU
qQ QAiigU, -
Ag 2012

PgtU E JAzzg C KP
gu DUP? v
CjzjAz Aii
s GAmUvz? F s
GAmzU Gz sUU
Jz? F s GAmv Cx
v vAz Ez
PAq?

s
AiZU
jsP
PArAUAzV
vP
v
DUv, Czg vr E
JA Aiig CUAi
zs. UAi sAii jz
Eg WuU
MPt,
PfAi
DU,
e DU v
sAiig CuU iv vV.
Avg
z
JAz
PPg AiiP Cx irPw?
gUU U Ai vU
DzsjAi fe iqz Eg
PAr jsP Egz?
s AiZUU AAzslAv
v Egvz. F v
vnAi
Egvz.
s
AiZU U Eg, CzP
AAzsl
vAi
JAzg
zz sAV, Dq ivU
z zsz. vAi
zzU
Ai
vU
AAzsl
s
AiZU
zUv.
..... vAi zu
DzU C iP DVz
JAzx.... uAz s
AiZU j DV v zzU
s AiZU zUv... M
v jgP Wv J v
U Pqv, jgAz JAv
Wv PAv wv, vU P
Wv K iqv JAz
Dzsj C iP DgU, fz
U Avz grPAq
iP DgU Zvz.... JAz
q. JjPWv zAvz wg.
vU ZP?
xgg , vU z
Cx g Aiiz PgtUU
tz Pg PWv(nP, P)
Pqz AiAiiV vg.
10 idPAiz eU

U zU KUvz?
Q vAz v C v z
U
izjAiiV
ElPq
qAizz
zi
jv. Ez UAq Aqw, PP
zy zz Evg AAzsUU
Cz.
qAiz Aiz vAz
v. gg vAvAvg
U E Z v iqv.
PU MAz vAz vqAigz
UU ZV gv. Kl zg
U j Egz,
U Cx DU. Pf
CjP, lU j Egz.
sgvz PU.... JAz zgv
Cx v vU B Az
vqAi ia EgP
JAz aAwv.
F
vAzAiAxg
PfAi
zAv Cz EgAv Cx
irPzg
z
vU
Dz
Cx
zAv
JAz
wzPvg,
vg.
(J
eUU F zUwAi Ez,
PfU vA Z C.)
vAz v UU gP v P
Wv v v P Wv
Pqz v. E WvU
AU U K iqP?
Wv qAi CU Uwgz
MAz zj - v iqz.
i v irzg v CvP
vAz u Pqw. E Z
Cx E UAg gz v
iqv! EAigU iP
iqwg, P Wv Pz AvU
C Az zq Pz.
PWv
Pqz
zg
z. Czg z Wv Pl
Wvz AVP. Wv
Pqzg
Cv
CUzAv.
CUAilU Cx
f KUvz JAz Uv?
Uzg U v irzg Cz
ZP JAz Pv vAz. irz
v Z CPv E. irz
vU Aiiz UAi WvPqgz.
UAi Wvz AUAv
Cg MAi UtP Wv
Pqv EgP.

PWvz z Wv U
g DzU jPU KggV
CAigV
Wvz
Cv
vUAq U UAzPUUv.
Dzg zsV, DzjAz gq
gU, Wv U C
Uv. MAi PP Wv, vv
Wv, vVAi PU v CvP
u qAi P Wv PAv
wz U v. E
C. F U Az fizzP
Wv PAvAi w
CsP Plv.
F gU wzU vAz MAz
CitP CAiPv Pv
- E P qP? Cz Cz U
EAxz ir Cs. d,
E vAz EU zsgV
Wv Png. j. vv,
vAz iqz EzAx, EvAi
AigU PwgzAx Pz
PU Pv Avg Cs ir
PAr?
E P qP JA .
Eg Zz,
aPz dP Pz P?
U Cx K
Pzg DU, MAi,
et, sU JAz
P
Aiig
PqQ.
AiijU AP PqQ.
CAzU, Ewa
zsAi Ug?
AQt JAz wzPArz MAz
vAiV ez P R
CAU sV wzPArj?
Ez zz C?
Ax etg AvP v
gAijU Cw sV Wv
Pqj. Pr, PlP.o
(AzjAiz...)
d:
q. UAr t
Cg iP UU
` Ez iU
PwAz DAisU
PPg:
PlP P ..
JA Alg, PAm g,
AUg -560 001
Pz g. 180/-

Ag 2012

JZ.L.. AQv P
DgUz P
JZ

.L.. AQg Pjv

2001 jAz 2003 ggU
qz zs PU Pg PlPz
1% g AQg Pzg.
Gvg PlPz P fU a
itz JZ.L.. AQgz
PAq Agvz. Czg P,
UA, eg U UPl
fU Cw a itz,
CAzg 2 jAz 3 g Egz
gU
PAqgvz.
EwZU
LZ U P.JZ..n(Karnataka
Health Promotion Trust) AidU
U v P C
ESAi
AiUzAU
JZ.L.. AQg P u
v gPuUV AidPv U
AidU C
C Uwz. UV, JZ.L..
AQg
Cx
vgVg
P wAiv sg
rz. JZ.L.. gq ,
CgQv AVP AAzsU, dg
JZ.L.. Cj Pgv, CvV
qAiwg U R
PgtUV. 2007g P.JZ..n
qz PAi Pg UPl
fAiAzg 2500 U eg
fAi 1300 JZ.L.. AQvg
U v P Ezg JAz
Uwz.
dg J Cj rzg,
ZL AQv P PAqg
EAU
ifP
vgv
PAqgwz. gPj DvU E
P U JZ.L. AQg
P lz zgAz jP
iq v aQv Pq lPq
zw Ez. JZ.L.. EAzV vAzg
Eg PAzg: 1) Pg v
Pv Ez P, 2) Pg
11 idPAiz eU

MjU AQgg P, 3)
Eg AQvgVg Pg P
v 4) AQUUz Pjz
Qv q PlAz P.
F PU vPtP UPzz
P Dg, DgU, w, gPu,
ifP
A
v
Pt.
EU
CPV
vPVz
gPgz
Dz
PvVz. Dzg, AidU iw
vlz (Ut / PUj)
ZgUz Egz AidU
Cz Azl P R
PgtVz.
z EAv PU
jAiiV Hl, wAiAU DgP
iq zAiU. UV CjU
iP szv qz g Dz
PvVz. gPj DvU, Ln,
r4, n, JDgn GavVz.
Dzg, r4 ( gP PtU) 350 QAv
Pr EzU F s Pg, F aQv
gAz V P
Dg CvPVgvz. Gv Dg
Uzg, F sUzg
gxP U F P zPAi
zsvU vA Pr.

EAv
P
w
PAiPU qzg, CAz
juPjAiiz
C.
DzjAz gPg a U F
P PqU jz CvVz.
EAv P w PAiz
vdjg
v
M
AiA
AAi w v gPj
CPjU Ugw AidAi
Cz sVzggV P.
F Pjv -Pd, CPjU
U J Avzg dwU
F n itP Aiv iqz
D.

JZ.L. AQv P gPuUV P

U:
1. gPj DvU w UU
Pf w v, aQv
qzgAU
ifP
A MzVP.
2. F PU i vgtz
PfAiAU P Dgz
DUP.
3.
JZ.L..
P w
iq Cs, Pf Eg
QU / AU Ugw A
q P qAiP.
4. EAv
PlAU
Ugw
gPgz zs AidUU AP
PP.
5.
0-18
JZ.L..
AQv
U v P P J
fU DUP Avg gdlz
QAiiAid gZAiiUP.
6. LJ (Integrated Child Protection
Scheme) AidU U lz
Zg r CUP.
7. o PU JZ.L.. /
Kq vqUlzz i AP
J Cxz Ai PlUP.
8. U lzg P wU
rzgAU P PU
U sU F Zg zs
Pvzg P sU U
AZw, J.r.JA.. U PU
AAz
zs
ESAig
Pr Za P UU A
jjP.
1992 jAz sgv z P
PU U v - PU
qwz Jwz. Dzg, JZ.L..
AQg PU PU EAi
JA Kvz.
u

18Ai lP
Ag 2012

CAQ CAU v
P PU
s

gvz
P
CPv
gAi Ci U
Gzjzg Aiig ig.
sgvz zs AwUz i
AUgg (2012). F
jwAi zPg PU Pgtzz
A sAq qz v
CPv
Pjvz
CzsAiAz
gz
CAQCAU.
E
UAz

Gzz,
Uzg E P P CPv
Pjv AiijU Cjg? PjU
Egz, Dzg Aiiz Ai
Ai U RgV wAiz
MAz v Pz Dz
zsz CAQ CAU AU
zU iv.
FU

vPjU
CAQASUAzg Cf. NzU
ASU, it, PqgU
l Nzg Z! Dzg ASUU

Rvz.
Aiiz
zz, Aiiz Pvz AidU,
PAiP v wU gz
U CUU Pz Cz
Urz D Pjvz CAQCAU
Dzsgz Ai. Aiizzg MAz
Uz Gzgu vUzPt.
D Uz 0-6 z
P Jzg JAzg Cj
AAzsl ESUU Ez iv,
F Aiiz PU PU
gUgzsPU Aii v CU
PU it J JAz
Aif DgU v PlA
Pt ESU AiPUvz.
UAi v P C
ESU CAUrAi zRwAi
jzAv E PU PU
12 idPAiz eU

gP P Dgz it
Aif zsUvz. Ezg evU
Rzz EUU vU
RZ Aif RgV
zsUz CAQCAU
wzg iv. Ez wg gz
MAz jwAi Gzgu C. P
A z lzz P
ASAi CAzf Cg gQv
dz U, gUgzsPU
itU E zzU
CAzf, CU gPU Pz
zvU irPvg. EAv
iwU
P
ESU
zRUzg
z.
C
dPjU
wAiAwgP,
Ai DqvP UwgP. DU,
DAii U U ejAiiUw
JAz U, Gj iq,
Cx a rPAi
zsUvz.
gd v g lzAi
Ai d U /PAi P U
gz F jwAiiVAi.
Aiiz
zz
Aiiz
CAQASU dq, C
zUwgzjAz, Aiiz
Aid gPzg Cz D
Aiz

CAQASU
Dzsgz DUP. Ez
AidU v Cz vPz
ssU ASU vV
Er AidAi Mmg DAi
sU zsv agvz.
P PU v UjU
1989g
CvUAq
MqArPU sgv

AAi
P
PU
Pg 1992g

ir, zz P PU
JwrAi zvAi vjz. EzP
gPV g v gd PgU
P Pjv CP AidU
ej iqw. Dzg F J
AidU
ejAi
juV
P w GvUwzAi E
JAz PAqPPzg PPP
zU P wUw Pjv
P q CAQCAU PrPj
CPvz.
CAvgAi lz ifP
C PjvAv g UjU.
GzguU, iz C
UjU (Millenium Development Goals).
Ezg zz CU gPz
g
ZPU
2015gU
UjUV rVz.
dUw vP gU Ezg
rg UjU Uv CAiU
zV MPAr. EU
P PUU AAz P
ZPU j. PU AAzAv
jzz EAz UjAiAzg
PU Pz dUv (World Fit For
Children).
E g v gd lzAi
P PU ejUV PAz v gd
PgU P QAii AidU
gvgw. F AidUAi
PU
AAz
ZPU
CAi UjU
PgU An. Dzg vPjU
Vgz,
F
UjU
zAi
E
Cx

n
UwzAi
E JAz.
(QAii Aid
gz
PgUU
P
F Pjv wg Jz
Ag 2012

EAz Zg). EU PV
v gd/g lz wzP
PPP CAQ CAU AU,
A zRUU
gU rzU iv. wAivz.
Vz sgvzAv v gz
Czg zz Ml dASAi
Pq 45g P Ag
zz P Pjvz CAQCAU
AUz U v Aiig
AUvg Jz zq . g
lz v P gd lz P
Pjvz CAQ ASU AAi
CAUAAiiz
AisAv
AU Uv CU M iqv.
Cz jw v P DgU
PjvAv gAi PlA DgU
P gd lz P qzg
Avvw v P DgU
PjvAv f lz PU
PPP qAiv. F PU
PgAz
AifvVzg,
EU qz Aiv AU.
UV F PUAz gz
CAQ CAU g CPg
(Pg, AiA AWlU,
PUjPU, jU, AzsPg,
izs, CAvgAi AU) v
PUU PV Pvg. Dzg
F PU q CAQCAU v
Cz ZgU Pjv gd Pgz
ESU q CAQCAU CP
j AztPAiiU!
P v gd QAii AidU
gd PgU PU AAz
PUUV
CP
ESU
vqVz. CAvzg MAz Pt
ES. Pt ESAi w
Ai P, Az gUz
P E zz AiU
Pjv P UtwAi qvz.
F PAi Pt ESAi
PPg qz v CU
PrPj Cx Pqz. UV
Ezg Ptz CAQCAU Azg
equ JAz Pg nQvg.
13 idPAiz eU

UV Ez EAU . Dzg
F CAQCAU A PgP
v CzP vPzV AidU
ziqP JAz P jw.
PlP Pgz PP ES
2001g gz PP zw
zs QAii AidAi z
PPg ASAi Pg EAU
GTwz (39,900). v U
jw zV? CAzg ESAi
2001g Avg PPg P
q! E Jz Pt , QAii
AidAi UjU Jg nU
Vz v Pt ESAi
CAQCAz J PPg U
Azg JAz Uw. Uz
QAii AidU Dx U
Jz F QAiAi Arz
g CAt.
GTgz P Pt
v PP jw PjvAv.
P C ESAi
PU AAz J ESU
AiUzq
2003-2010g
gd P QAii AidAi
gvAv.
EzgAi
P
DgU, Pt, gPu, gAiz
tP
E
zzUU
AAz
g
ZPUU
UjU UrVv.
F QAii AidAi UwAi
QAiiAidUAvAi
Dv.
KPAzg vP ESUU QAii
AidU gvgz qUg
gv Czgg UjU Cgu
iqzP. Dzg A QAii
AidAi zAz z
vAz
QAii
AidAi
gvg qUgP AAz ES
AzUzP KP Uw.
ES AztP
gd Pgz zs ESU
AztPU Azg CAQCAU jw
E vgz PAqgvz.

ZPP
AAzAv
MAz ES rz CAQCAU

EAz ES q CAQCAUU
Vgv. GzguU Aiiz
Uz
gU
gzsPU
rg P AS JAz CAUr
PAiPv qzP v QjAi
DgU
AiQ
qzP
vgvz. Dzg E UPz
CAAzg U lz ESU
q CAQCAzg gzsU
f l Cx gd lz
PrPgtU AiP P
CvAv dPV AztPAiiVgv!
zs ESU q CAQCAU
AU Uz iw q
VAi Eg DyP v
ATP zAiz CPjU
F gzs U Cx
Uzg CjU et Pgq.
E
P
Pjvz
P
ZPUz , Ai
jU zzU gd Pgz
DgU ES zRz E.
CP gAi PU gdz
wv 23g UUw
v wv 19g jUU 15-19
z AiizjU DUwz
JAz wzg , C gd
Pgz
AAzsl
ESU
zRU. KPAzg Aiiz
CPj EU zR irzg
Cg Pg P vUzPvz!
UV Aiig v 18
zV UtAig AS v
RV jUAi Aiz
VqU
18
zV
UtAig
ASAiAv
zRz E! g j
CAUr
PAiPv
Cx
QjAi DgU AiQ EU
zRzg , F iw vP Cx
f lz PrPgtUAqU
vAiiVgvz.
EzP R Pgt P Aiiz
U CzP AAzsl ES v
At u JAz sgz.
GzguU PP zw E
ejAizg, Cz PP ESAi
Ag 2012

jwAi
gzjAz
CzP
PP ES v At u
JAz sgzjAz Cx PP
ESAi u iq rPAi
jo EgzjAz, gdzg
PPg ASAi Pjv
avt ES q. Dzg
dP Ez P PP ESAi
djAi. Ai Pg,
ESU AAifv dj v
AiA
AU,
zAi,
Pg E zzg v
Ezg RUvz.
gAi ATP DAiU
g
v
gd
lz
CAQCAU
AU
Eg
vAzgU v zs ESU
q
CAQCAU
gzsU
j, Pj ESU q
CAQDAU

dPg
U V PAz
Pg 2006g gAi ATP
DAiU
(National Statistical
Commission) gav. DgAsz U
DAiU dUtwAi jzAv
zzg ig 60P Z DAi
PU (Sample Survey) CAQ DAU
AUu, u v AaPU
KPgvAi vg Aiwv. Ezg
Aivz sV 2008g sgwAi
ATP
PAi
ejU
Azg
EzP gPV ATP AUu
AiU ejU Azz 2011g.
Dzg J DAiUUAvAi F
DAiU Pg dz Cxz
zqs v AivU. EzP
Pgt wgPjU CAQASU
g P, gdQAi
EZQAi Pgv v avt
dg
Aq
CAivU
MrPg Dqv . Pgz
F PP dPg, Czg
V ATP vdg v AU
zs Jvz juV DAiUz
DgAsz gz CgPP CzsPg,
CgPP
zg
DAiUzg
14 idPAiz eU

zw E AzgzzjAz v
DAiUP
AzsP
i
qzzg V, dz DPg
v Cg DAiUz v
vqVPU v DAiU
zqsUU.
AiA AU v
P PU ejUV g v
gd lz gg AiA
AU zrAiw. CAQASU
AiP Azg AiA AUU
v Pj ESUU C
v. Egz P.
vP AiA AU g
UAz v Pv Ai
zAizq P PU ejUV
PAiwzg

v
zswPAz DVg juU
Pjv P iw GTvgAi
gv ePV iw AU
Rgz CAQ CAUAz CU
g. AiB CzP Pgt
vP AiA AWlUU
iw AUu zs v u
iq U jtw Eg, PjU
Ezg Ai v CzP vU
Z sj Qg.
Z gm l AAi 200306g CAi j fAi g
vPU z UAZwU
P Pjvz iw AU (,
CAUr, xP DgU PAz
E zzUAz) PAqPAq
CAU
Uu
v
AZAiv
ge
ESAiq
AaPAq juV ESAi
wAiAz
U
AZwAi
Ag wAU P PU
UsU qPAz
vAi
grv.
F
vAi
Pg
F

UsU
q
z
AZwU v Aig
P
DgU,
Pt,
Pv,
, gPu E zz
CAQ CAU AU, CU

DzsgVlPAq
UsAi
ZaP v P PU Jw
rAi Cg J zsgU
AiVAi
vUzPzg
evU CU ejUV Ai lz
QAiiAid
ir
AiwP
JAz. EAvz P AivU
P
gUgzsPU
Pjv
Eg CAQASUlPAq
J..r (CAi Ds
v rn) Pg fAi
gz dAz qv.
Ai PgP Ezg RvAi
j, CAUrU v DgU
PAiPvAig sVvz At
gUgzsP P Qz CzjAz
gt vq v CAUPv vq
zs JAz gv. CAUPv
v gUgzsPU Qg
Pjv CAQASU iw Ez
Pgt F zs zsv.
EAv EAz AiU j
fAi PrV vQ Pz
Dg U (2006-12) qz.
C QAiiVg J
AiA A Er vQ P
P q, U zRVg P
v Ai Ez P,
zsz l P, PPg
wUwAi gAi irv. EzP
gPV, J U CzsPg
v zyU Cv Jz,
U PorU AS, Ug
ZAiU v C
v j wU Egz
v zg QAiivAi v
gAi MUArv. F J
iwU zR v EzzjAz
A Pt ESAiq iZ
q,
Ptz
wPgt
ZAi PrV vQ q
zsv.
CAQASAi Az DzsgAz
AUg v Gq fAi r/
gq A Ptz Utl
a Ai zU Eq
zsUwz.
Gvg
PlPz
Ag 2012


PgtU
Pg
gPjv
EzU,
zsgqz
Qq, egz Gd v jZ
AU qz Qg CzsAi v
PlP P PU U PAz
qz PvzsAiz sV PlP
GZ AiiAi Pjv
dP vQ PzAi
UAgV
vUzPPv.
AiiAi
rz
ZAiAv
vq Pjv GvPgz
wAi Pg gav.
Z gm l A/P PU
U PAz 2005jAz g, gd
v f lz P Pjvz
CAQCAU AU,
PAiz gvVz. F CAU
P PU Pvz zrAiwg
g
AiA
AU
QUV, izs vg v P
Pjvz gU Pwgzg
evU gdz g Pg,

AzsPg v DPg P
Pjvz CAQCAUUV AAi
AQwzg.

z
vq Pjv Pg z
GvPgz wU AAi
, PgtU v Czg
juU E zzU
Pjvz CAQCAU uAi
MzVv. gd lz v zQt sgv
lz g PAiiUgUAi
EU CPg wzg.
g v gdlz P
Pjvz

CAQCAU
zgAiv v f lzAi
g CAQCAU zgAiv.
Dzg vP v AZw lz
P Pjv Aiiz CAQCAU
zgAi.
wAiAz
U
AZw lz P
wUw Pjv CAQCAU sgP
v
CU
Dzsgz

U AZwU P QAii

AidU vAiij, ejiqP

JAz Z gm A CP U
P qz Aivz s 2006g
gd Pg grz P PU
U s v.

F
vAi
DAizAv
wAiAz
UAZw
v
AiV
P
iqwg
AiA AWlU P Pjvz
CAQCAU PPP AU,
, A CAQCAUU v
ir, jwU vPAv P gz
tAiU vUzPAqz Dz
PlP P gdUzg
Ci. o

w f..
zPg
Z gm l, # 4606, Am
4, Cg g, AUg-01
(J CAiU RPgz)

jAiiw zgz
idPAi PU
gv P idPAi PvP AAz
g PU -PdUU, UAxAiUU,
zyUU, wgjU, jAiiAiw zgz
ggd iqwz. DPg AQ:
A.244, 3Ai Rg, tZAz g, JAJA. qu, v,
AUg-560056

z: 080-23212309 : 9980066890, E-: socialworkfootprints@gmail.com

www.niratanka.org
15 idPAiz eU

Ag 2012

P CPvAi gz
glz eU
P P t, m q Eg P,
At z HPAq, Z
gP lAv Pt P, U
PUnz Z zPAq
vU AUAv Eg P,
Pt f rzPAq Pw
jAiAv vAi VzPArg
P, U , z U
zs CAUPvU MUz P
qv Pzg , CPg.
Dzg, F P PgudP PxAi Az
idz PVg
ewzw, DyP Civ,
DPAz v Pgz AidU
svAi CqV Pw JAz DU
vag.
A U idPAi
UrPAq
Az

Pg j DgAz ifP
jv
dAz.

Pv PAiz Aiz jU
Azz zv, D v Evg
vzAiU, q zAiU
zPV v iP zqsV
Aiz Dg zV P a
ASAi Egz. Ez UV
U
CP
PAiiUgU,
Pv lz sn, CzsAiU
id
jv
dAz
(J..e) DAifv (2009). P
Dg vdgz q.P..gW, q.D
Qg, q.CT v
q.z dPjAigg J..e.
PAiPvjU P CPvAi
Pgt v CPvAi UV
Eg AiiAi iUU Pjv
PAiiUgU v Cs v
U AaPAqg. CP
P
ePV
Ugw
zs jzg.

idz
v
MmgAiiV
gz Av a CvUvV
16 idPAiz eU

PVg
i
A,
CPvAz z Avz Pj
Uwgz UAgV jUtz
J..e, F AiqU idz
v Pgz U Ai
CzsAi, iw AU v CAQCAU PrPgtz vv.
vzAvg
2009-10g
CAi
Pg,
aPg, ztUg,
eg,
UU,
gAiZg
v P.f.Js. UgU dP
CU AWnzg P
P
CPvAi
Ai
idz RU vg Aiv
qv.
PlP gd P PU gPu
DAiUz A CzsPgz w
AiP, zgUVz
z i v q. zs U
PlP gd i PU DAiUz
CzsPgz AiwUz q.J.
Dg. AiP; PlP gd Azz
UU DAiUz CzsPgz q.
.J. zgPx, Aii z
DAiUz
CzsPgz
Aii
J.e.z Avzg dP
CU sUzg P
J..f.Ai AivUU vAzg.
2008-09 v 2009-10
gAiZg
fAiAzg
4,531
P CPvAz CVz;
gdz 71,608 P w CPvU
UjAiiVz
-zQ
zs
gl
qwzg
CAQCAU J..e. izsUU
qUq ir, gdz MAz zq
AZ itUAv irv.
CP
og,
ifP
AWlU RAqg, P PU
AWlU, P vdg, P Dg
vdg CP P Aiz Pg
Cq vjgzg gz v DP

Przg. Czg RV
22 Ag 2011gAz n..9 C...
C... J PAiPz P
gAiZg fAi CP P
zAi vt gAi g
irzU, CP P U
gd Zg zgv. Dzg,
C Pvz Pg DgAsz
CPvAi

M
gPjv. gdz CPvAz
Aiiz U w JAz CPjU
dvAi P v Aiv irzg.
gPv, qAijAii, zz
PgtUAz v U
gP AAzsU zUAzV
CP P wzg JAz
Cg z GvgUVv.
CAUrU zRVg 0-6
zV PU gP P
Dg MzV v
P C ES U P
AidAir PAiP Az.
F Dg AiVAi Gv
PU PqPAz zAz
Eg P. Dzg, PU ggd
DUwz Dg PAiiVgvz JAz
vP Pg Dwzg.
Cz wzjAz P Aw,
,
m
zz
DVg Pjv d CPjU ,
Ai AWlU , zg
CwPwzg. EU J..e.
v CzsAiz vjv. Ez
Dzsj dP CU
qv.
CAUr
PAzU
PU AiV vAiijz ve
Dg PqPAz Z
AiiAi 2004g DzAz
rv. Dzg, PlP Pgz
v P C ES
EAv
z
PjAv
vz (?) AidAi vP
Ag 2012

lz UAUAU MAz
irPAq CjAz z Dg
qAivqVv. vAzg PAqz E.
F Zg Pjv vS, CzsAi
qz
vAv
vAqU
v
izsUU PAqz, Er gz
Q sq UA EAq J
SV PAAi Pq. CPg
qg jAz wz Az:
F Dg PU w AiU,
Czg vU v g
j
C
jz
Dg
PU qUwz, Pq
CAUr
PAiPvAijUU
Cg AiPjUU F Dg
PqP
Pqgz
J
wP
E.
vP
lz
AWU AiV Dg
vAiijwzAz
PAqg
(Ez Z AiiAiz
wU CgVg) V
QAig qwz z zxU
Cg g lt Pn Pwzz
vS qzjU PAqAv. Dzg
Ezz v P
C ES MPArg. Q
PA,
AWU v
CAUrU q Dg ggd

CvvzzAz
2012g
iZ
wAUgU
PAq
Av.
F
J
ZgU
izsU
gz
gU
Pn Pg EzP wQPAz
Mvv Ez. DU Pg
wzz, CAUr Dg P
gP P Dg. P P
CAUr Dg APAr.
Cg Ai Dg R Dg.
Ez Vz, CPvAg
P CAUrUU gwgz
Cx CAUr PAiPvAig
v
DgU
PAiPvAig
snU zU CPv Eg
P PAqU Cg ZvPV K
qAiwz JA UU P
Gvg Uwg.
F Ai, gd Pg QAiq
irPArz Pgg (!) gzr
gAi gdU ejAig, Ai
Dg zwUUtV CAUr
17 idPAiz eU

PAzU Dg gPAz DU
J..e. RAwUU, gAiZg
f Gj ajU v PjU,
v PlA Pt ESAi
zs
PAizUU
U
zPjU U v. F
zs, n 9 g irz C...
C... PAiPAz Pz
U fAi Cxt vQ
Z AAi P CzsPgz
.J. ngg CP P
C t gQ AiiAU
zs PAz PlP GZ
AiiAiz R AiijU
v gzg. Cg v UAgV
jUtz PlP GZAiiAi,
dP vQ PzAi
zRPArv.
AiiAi
P PAi Qgz Qs
rgejAigg F PzAi
AiAjvV vqVP P
CP P PU glP
vAzg.

gt
U
P
CPvAi
vqAi
Pg
PUPz PAiAid Pjv
QAii Aid vAiij wAi
gaAv GZ AiiAi gd
PgP Dzv. F wAi: 1.
DgU v P Dg w;
2. v zAiU, JZ.L..
v U PZv P w
v 3. AAid U Zgu
w J g GwU
MUArv. F g GwU
g gt sU q rz
U g rv. Czgz
sgU
ejU
v
zgzVAi v QAiiAid
ejU CUvg tP
A MzV Aiiz
CqZuzAv
rPzV
Pg
v
Cqm
GZAiiAiz
P
r
zR zv. P PvAi
P SvjAiiv, gl
svAz sz.
Dzg, P Ai Aiiz
zuU
UV
PAqgg. 2012-13g DAiAiz

CAUrU PU v
P CPvAi Ur
a Cz qAv DU
J..e AUg gsz Jzg
2012g iZ 3gAz wsl
qv. Dzg, Ezz Pg
UAgV
jUt.
zU
F Az Urz CAUrU
g w UU MAz P
gU Dgz ZP P 60
U j PvzPArv!
gt
v
CPvAi
gz DAz wUz
J..e, i AU
v DAzU MqUrPAq
P
CPv

PAi
g,
CPvU
AAzAv
vlz
Pg
PUwg QAiU U El
zRU AUgAv. P
zRw, PU q Dgz
it, P zQAi jPAi
CU, CPv Eg PU
q U Ev Pjv J..e.
AiAPg Pvzsjv CAQASU
v gU AUzg. Pgz
P v fAi zsguAi
gdz GZ AiiAiz Az
gUq
Arv.
AiiAi
EU
UtU
vUzPAq PgP j
cij Qv. CP P zP
Q ev Zlqwg Pgz
zsguAi RAr 2012g K
12gAz vB gd GZ AiiAi
Az Av vAz wAi
gav. gdz P CPv
U AAzAv Pgz
PAiAidU
Zgu
iq v v ZAig
AidU jzg evU
U QAii AidAi g
djAi F wU
v.
Aii
J.P.n
vvz F GvPg wAi
gdz J fUU sn r,
CAUr PAzU v CP
P wUwU CzsAi qv.
UU, U, AUg v
Ag 2012

gU Aig sU
qv. F sU zP DAiPg,
fPjU, v P
C ESAi GzPg,
f DgU CPjU, f
AZAiv PAiP CPjU
RV sUzg. E dg
sUPU Pgt DAii fU
P UU AAz zs
DAii v wUwU JjU
AaP
CPPqzVv.
F J Aig sU
v P C ESAi zs
PAizU, DgU v PlA
Pt ESAi zs PAizU
U Zj CqPm dggg
Gvjgwzg.
Ag
6,
2012gAz GZAiiAiz wAi
P CPv v
CAUrU QPgtP AAzAv
U QAii AidAi z,
Cz ejU zgzV
Pg MPArz. F J QAiU
q
P
zuUV.
CU P F AAv n
iqz:
yy RV v P
C ES U DgU
v PlA Pt ESU
q AAid rz.
t

11Ai lAz

yy zP (f) P - ZL
AQv Ut vAiAg DvAi
zg lw, UV UU
gQv d U - u
qg Az jzU zP
P U zs?
yy gPuAi
PPAig
PgzU
gQgg?
ZL AQvgV Pvz
U Pg PU AQzg,
EAvg Pg JAz P
djAi Ai/
M - g avtgU gQz
U? (U Pgt).
yy P Az P- P
AVt
tUU
Dg
18 idPAiz eU

yy DgU
ESAi
z
v
AiiAiz
zsPAzV gz
zzAv, w CPv
Ez PU v m
vjUwz.
yy w g wAUU J P
DgU vu qAiwz.
yy Ai Dg zwUUtV
CAUr PU Dg MzV
AivUUw.
yy CAUr
PAzUU
zv,
CqU C, M, s, Avz
sv PAiU MzV
QAiU Z Qz.
yy w
f
PAzU
P
w PAzU Vz.
yy Qsq UA EAqAVz
Pgz Pgg PUArz.
yy CAUr PU P Dg
ggf
PAqAzAiAz
Vg sZg Pjv
v P C ESAi
P R CPjU j
PAiP Pbj vS DgAz.
F zsvP tUU CQzU,
v
lPzQAv
E
PVgz Pz Jgz.
P CPv gz J..e.
qwg DAzz AiiAi

P P, PA, Z gm l,
Dgz QUV dAz, DgU
QUV dAz, P, zv
d Z, v P z,
zv AW w Avz CP
i AWAU QAiV
vqVPAqz AAi. zt
v z izsU A Pq
vgzzVz.
Ag
U
GZ
AiiAiz
w
PgP
g sgU v QAii
AidAi Pg PV
CU
n
g
gl
wUQz.
EzPV
wAiAz
AiA
AWl
v PAiPvz CAUrU,
DgU PAzU v DgU
PAiPvAig
PU

wgAz
Gj
iqQz.
wAiAz zAiz PlAU
P P l Pjv w
UQz. EzPV CPvAi
gzz gl v U
g
PU
E.
DPg
J..eAi
AQz.o

Cv. EAz MAz U zP

Dg, DgU, Pt, w, gPu,
ifP
A
Cv
DzU EAv Pg PlAU
Hl E - wAi EiP A Ezg U
P Az zs ?
yy sU P- P P
JU,
w
UU
vU
Pz CPg P
v? Dzg Eg iv P
zs AiijU Ez? U
zzg, P Q vggP.
Cz zz Ai PAq gw.
EA
AidU
a
P vz P CPjU
- dwU e sw iq
AiiVzAi JA Ci

UnAiiUvz. E P q
AU
vz
AUAv
Az g Dz C
irz, J g
Pv P P - DgU
PzPArzg. P CPjU
EZQ Pgv PAqgwz. DzU
P AiA AU gdz
P
sUU
AivAz
P w Ai v
vqVPAr. EAv Cs
AU AiUzAU AidU
CU. AQv P
PAz szU jAiiz Gvg
Qv. o

. j
gd AAidPg
id jv dAz

z vA
zPg, Gd A, eg
Ag 2012

P PU-e

P zAiz D
zz Av Avz
PU EwZU idz
qwgz P C / gPu
Zgz zsvP tU DVz. P
vR tUU zAiz
wAig
sVAiiUQgz
EA U CAiVz.
P PU Zg iq P
UU wQ Q q
i aAvPg MmV DAz,
P, Azs, Zg AQgt
q PU lQ, gg P
er e P PU
Jw rAiPz jwAi z.
Ewz lU wgzU P
C, P gPuU gAsz e
U Pr. P ZgV
lz dgVg DAzU
gtPAi -1989 Ag 20
gAz AAi P PU
MqArPAi z Az Env.
ig 195 gU irg
F
MqArPAi
CAvgAi
PVz. P zP, gPu,
C U sU PU
JwrAi dUw vP gU
zgVg e lzz.
AZz Aiiz Ai P
PUU zsPAiizg wQ F
e U Ais AZPv
z.
CAvgAi e UAz
Ai P UU vPt jg
zgP. PAiPUvz. UV
AiV-glz,
gdlz
e U P U U
ZgPV, WV Q qz.
jg
iU
PAqPz.
PuAiiz P v iq,
P Uu, igl vqAi
KPPz
g
DAz,
wsl q Pgz Mvq

19 idPAiz eU

vAz Q q Ai e
U gz CP GzguU
.
P PU MqArPU
irz w zU CU
AU v zz P jw
U P PU ej PjvAv g
PP JAzV P PU
MqArPAi jZz 44 wvz.
PgU P gU Pgz
V gP Egv JAzg
Aiiz DAi Ci EgQ.
Pg ejU vAz AidU
v CUAzVgzz zsvP
CAU iv gU zR
AU PPq PgU,
IuvP v Uw, Cx
CAidPz tUAi CAU
gAi jz aqv. UV
gU CtU AsU
Z. EAvz vqAi MqArPAi
45 jZz AiiAi gUU
CP irPnz. AU v
P jwAi U Pg, PPg,
AiAAWlU U Aiig
Pzg g Pz. vB
P v jwAi U g
P CPz. EzjAzV
Pg P J UVz JA
gU AiiAiV AU
P AiPUv. zAi
PAz PZjAi Ag India
Alliance For Child Rights (IACR) - P
PUUV sgvz MPl, zz w
gdz v zg Az. v
zgUAz Cg gdz P
jwU U gAi qzPAq
j,
AU,
A
AU PPq g
eAiiVz. g lz P
w Pjv PPP
AiiAi
gU zrzz Pgz
gU iq R

P v z AUq Pr
L.J..Dg iqwz. AiiAi gU
iw AUz, AiiAi g
zrz P PU gPuU
/ ZgP R. EAvz
glz AWnv PU Evg
ZgU UAi qQz. Gz.
Aig wUw, zv zAiU,
jg, g, Ev.
L.J..Dg.
e
Ai
AiiAi g
Ai QAi UA
rz.
Pg
v
eUqgzAz
P PAiz (P
JAzg v) AiiAi gU
Gz. Dzg Ezg vAiij M Q
Cx MAz AAz Czs. P
PUUV Q iqz,
MAi P, PAiPUUV Mvq
Pz, CzPV Cx AiPV
DAz iqz, zz
J CU AiiAi g
MUArz. C Zg, Q
GzUUV
gAsz
e
U esv izjAi
PAiv. Aiiz M
QAi zsg CAwVg.
E qP J eU
UnAiiUz x A Az
iv.
sgv P PU MqArPU
1992 g irv. P
PU
gPuUV
gzzAv,
gAiiV, PV, PV
ejUz,
Zgu
Gj iq gAsz e
PP zw g
DAz (CACL-Campaign Against Child
Labour). zz F ez zs Pbj
Pv Ugzz. d v Pg
gv r gz w gdU
.J..J. gd AZPg v gd
AZPjU Pj f AZPg
e ejAiz. g AZPg
Ag 2012

ez zsgVgvg. PP
zw g DAz gd/f
AZPg Ai P U U
v WlPzAU iZ/ ZZ
q QAii Aid gP
vAv qgvg. f lzU
PAiPU U gd AZPjU
iw qz R. gdz
P /gd WlPU ZlnP
PAiPU U gd AZPg
g AZPjU iw qwgvg.
v WlPU PAiP/ZlnPUU
AZPg t AU iqz.
wP iw qz. P PU
gPuUV Eg Evg eAiq
AAiPV PAiz. F
jwAi PUU Aiiz Azs.
F DAzz PAiPU
P vzAz PrgPzz
CvUv. g P g/
gd/f
AZPg
UU
Zu qAivz. .J..JU
AUz,
QUvV
P
PU / P gPu U aAw
Aiig Pzg zgUz.
.J..J. zgzjU P
PU v P gPu ZgU
U gAvgV iw qUwz.
gd AZPgAU P
PAiP
AAidPg
gdz
wAiAz fUU Uv CU
sn r Ai P /
tP Zg/PAiP QAii
Aid Avz ZgU U
ZZ qvg. DAz, wsl
Avz PAiPU vqVP
gd v f WlPUU P
g q w gdz Q
WlPU. g, gd PgU
U z P U Eg P
PAiU zu vg Q
WlPU R vv.
zz zq ZZAig P
Gav v PqAi Pt PAi
2009g Zg PAiz .J..J.
AtV MrPAr. Dzg F
PzAig Gv CAUAz
P
PU
Jw
rAi
CPUvz JA PgtAzV
PAiAi
ej
GjAi
20 idPAiz eU

vqVPArz. DAzz zjU

Pt P Pz Pjv vgw
U Pz Pjv Zgr,
vgw q A QU

QAiiAidU
zV. PgzAU Q q
PAiAi
DP wzrU
vg DzAz .J..J. P
wz.
PP zw g
DAzz izjAi Cvzg
g e U
Ptz. EzP P GzguU:
P UtP igl g
DAz,
xP
Ptz
UtlPV DAz, xP

Ptz
UtlPV
DAz, PvPV DAz,
Ptz QUV gAi DAz,
Ev. MAz GzAz P
iqwg g e U
MmV MPlU PArg
GzguU E.
Pgz Dqv P Pjv
PU
zPz
aAwP,
izsU P gz U
PP, AiA AWlU
P PU ej Ai Cjv
ej U Gj iqP v
P U U / P gPuAi
ZgU U PjU jP ir
Pg P UV, Pg,
Dqv U P U UAgV
AiaAv iq GzU
MUArg e PlP P
PU U PAz (KCRO-Karnataka
Child Rights Observatory). zz F
e U Ais Az.
P U U Azs
q/CAQCAU AU
Pgzq Q q P..Dg.M
P sU P V
Uwz. f lz/ gd
lz P Av DAif
P U U gd lz
QAiU GAmUAv irgz
P..Dg.M. UPAiiVz.
zz wAi eU
(mP) wgAz qwzU
C AiU PAqgwzg, e

U vz Dz vAzgU,
vU Csz v.
e U iqPA P
AiijU gvz Cg Cz
zPP qPAq U
A vgz Cx g
Aiigzg (Q/A) PAqg,
CjU

GzU
Vgz. e UU
tP g Pqg e
wg AU
CvPz Mvq PzjAz, DAii
AAi PU gAiiV
eAi
rPz
CPUz
Cx
e
AAz Dzz v AAi
irz JAz APwz!
E
AAi
AzjPAi
MAz zq AiiUz. Cx
tP q AAi DzvU
zzAv e U/ AU
gUz.
F Jzg qAi
UQgz
AU
eAz
P
Qz,
M Ez U UjAi
zsvU a JAz.
zz rP, eU DPv,
l, tU, u v
AzjP E zz ZgU
Pjv idPAi zyUU
AiVP
GzguUAU
vgw qQgz. idPAi
zyU
zs
AiA
AWlUU PvPAiP UU,
C
AU
e
AU
vqUz Ugvg. CU
GzguUV
vUzPAq
vgUwU Za P zAi
AWlAi

zsvU
wz. EAv GzguUq
PAi
zyU
Az
PvPAiP
AzU
P
juPjAiiVgvg. o
UA f. g
zPg
Z gm l v AUg f
AAidPg, PP zw
g DAz
Ag 2012

s l

zP, JA z P
J
ZAz
D
zPA
ArAi
q
C PzAiP JAz U
zP
Ai
AUjU

g
qPlAU
rzU
CjUvz,
U
zP Cg AUjU g
PlAU
sgvz
zUAz fA zQ
dlP ArAi q g
PU qQPAq g
gdUz
DAzs,
vq,
Mr, g, Pv gdUAz
Azg, z gdz fUz
UU, gAiZg, P, j,
eg,
zg,
UPm
Avz sUUAz AUjU
21 idPAiz eU

Az Aiiz MAz PZ
z Cx Aiiz MAz
S eUU iPjU 100
gUAz 200 gUgU iP
rUAi r v UqgU
PAq f V
dg Z. AUgA
Ugz Cg fv U
z Eg U P
P, PjU v HgU
vz Dz Av Uzg,
Aiz
dUzg
AiP
Pz
sU
PgvAz Cx CzjAz
U v DzAiAz v
DPvU
gPUz
CzQAv Gvz f
qzA EZAz gg

MAzqAiizg,
f
q
Pz DPvU Pgv,
qvA
svz
AQAi
UAi
vgz
v
mAi vAP GzAz
g dg Z. U Az
d AUgA PAQm Ug
v
PAQmAiU
Pz vqUvg. CAzg Plq
PUjAi PU vqUvg,
v Pg P Avz vd
U AU igl iq
PU vqUvg.
F J PAiU iq
Cg P vqUvgAz
zBRPg AUw, z DlU
Dqv Nz Ai Aiiz
gAi aAAi Aiv,
Ag 2012

Aiiz Plq it zz
PPgV
zrAig
v zsAz AavgV
f qz PtzVz.
F n s l AAi
EAv zsAz Aavgz
PU Cg z PU
MzVPq
PAiU
iqv Az, CAzg EzAz
Pgvg AAiiVz AUjU
v f V V
g PlAU PU
zs U CjU Pz
PAiU, P Dg,
Zv, , f PU
AvzU Cg z
DlUAU
P
n
22 idPAiz eU

Uwz.
s l AAi
Pt CAiizAU evUr
PAi wz, Ez Plq
it, PZ z, U
Uqg zU v a C
iPg Cx Plq it
AUAU ZZ ir CjAz
MUAi qz PlAU
zAi Czg P
g
sg
zAi
MAz vvP Uqg
Ai gAUvz, Cz
D PU zsAi iq
Pz
P
zsPg
PUvz. F zsPg
Cg zs, Cs zs

xU
Dzsgz

PUvz. P Uqg
U P g gdUAz
Az CjU Pq sAi
PAi v Cx irP
PPgVzg CAv Azsz
Cg sAi PPg
DAi
iqUvz,
Cgg
ivsAiAU Pq, EAV
sAi PPAi irUvz.
EzAz
CZjP
Pt
zwAiiVz Pt CAiiz
atg CAU -P Pt
izjAi Cj zsAi
iqUwz.
Uqg PU z
V Czg
v w V
U
vAv
Zgu,
UAdAiAw, Utgd Zgu
Avz
q
U
DZjUvz. E Cz PU
Pz PP VUz P,
m, AvzUAU
DnPU MzVUvz evU
PU Gg(P) Ai
l wAz irzg Pt
CAiiz wAz zsz
Ail
zgAiAv
iqUvz. EzgAU Cg
DgU Pq zAz
wgz xP DgU PAzUAz
DgU vu PAiPU
PUvz.
E PAiU iqwg
Uqg UU l g
s o, s JAzg
f, o JAzg PP
MmgAiiV s o JAzg
fP CUvz z, s, ,
q, r Avz PU
P PAzUV. o
DAz , BA, LLB, MSW, PGDHRM...
s l, AUg
Ag 2012

Will Malnutrition Devour Our

Children Forever?
M

alnutrition has been plaguing

Indias children for decades,
and even during the recent periods
of shining growth. The situation
in Karnataka is very similar to the
national picture. When the statistics
are revealed through studies and
surveys, or when starvation deaths
among children are reported, there
is much breast-beating and strident
calls for action. Then, as surely as
the uproar rises, it dies down. It is
just the flavour of the moment and
the government, the media and the
public continue business as usual.
True, some recommendations
and actions do surface court or
ders, mid-day meals, or a tweaking
of the nutritional supplement pro
vided through ICDS, but none of
these lead to a sustained campaign
against malnutrition among the age
group that is most crucial for child
all-round development, i.e., before
the age of three years. Child mal
nutrition is a multi-dimensional and
deep-rooted problem that no magic
wand can cure with just a wave of
the hand. It needs urgent action to
stem the severity of near-starvation
cases, on the one hand, by reme
dial actions through the ICDS,
mid-day meals, the public health
programmes, and PDS, and also
sustained multi-pronged strategies
to prevent malnutrition in the first
place.
The scale of the problem is stag
23 idPAiz eU

gering. Two out of five children un

der three years in Karnataka are un
dernourished, as brought out by the
National Family and Health Survey
[NFHS] of 2007, only a little lower
than the national average. Anaemia
plagues over four out of five chil
dren and stunting, underweight and
even wasting, the three main indi
cators of malnourishment, are star
tlingly high. Even more startling is
the fact that some of these indica
tors have become worse in the last
seven years. Babies with low birth
weight [LBW] account for about a
third of births in the country, so
that they are off to a poor start. The
main reason for LBW and early un
der-nutrition is the poor health and
nutrition of the mother. Over half
of all women are anaemic, and this
proportion goes up during pregnan
cy, impacting on maternal mortality
and the infants health and nutri
tional start-up status. Traditionally,
female children receive less nutri
tional attention than male children
so that most adolescent girls are
anaemic and under-nourished, thus
beginning their reproductive life
with a handicap.
The gestational period and the
age group birth to three years are
together crucial as over 90% of a
childs growth and development oc
curs during this time. Once past it,
only some minimal improvements
can be effected, especially dur

ing adolescence. Further, irrepara

ble damage is done to not just the
physical development, but also the
various types of development of the
child cognitive, linguistic, motor
and socio-emotional. Immune sys
tems and resistance to diseases later
in life are also affected.
These practical ill-effects of child
malnutrition are being publicised
periodically by surveys and studies,
but such cries seem to be falling on
deaf ears except when some major
steps are taken by either activists or
the media. Karnataka witnessed last
year the results of a public outcry
that led to a High Court judgement
and subsequent Government actions
that still are forthcoming only par
tially: Civil society activists and the
media publicised some of the worst
consequences of the neglect of the
early signs of malnutrition in in
fants and young children in Raichur
district in the north of the state in
mid-year. A PIL followed, and in
October, the High Court directed
Government to take serious action
to combat such malnutrition. Some
remedial actions were taken in the
affected areas and the Department
of Women and Children [DWCD]
set up the IMR and Malnutrition
Committee to give comprehensive
suggestions. The committees rec
ommendations, covering a wide
range of preventive, relief-oriented
and rehabilitative measures, were
Ag 2012

submitted to the Court in early Jan

uary.
The committees recommenda
tions range from urgent and shortterm actions to long-term and sys
temic ones and are multi-sectoral
and multi-level in nature. While the
Courts final orders were awaited,
one expected Government to mount
a fire-fighting type of campaign,
with the help of the many NGOs
that had offered it, to stem the rot
of starvation deaths and nutritional
deterioration. This did not happen
on any large or sustained scale,
yet the Department of Women
and Child Development [DWCD]
claimed that the numbers of chil
dren affected in many districts had
dwindled enormously, while it was
said to have increased and only in
a few taluks. It is unclear how this
rapid improvement was achieved!
In the midst of these events, a
major corruption scam came to
light. The continued NGO moni
toring of actions taken by DWCD
and Ministry of Health [MOH] in
several parts of the state unearthed
many anomalies in the type, pro
curement, distribution and prepara
tion of the nutritional supplements
for the children. The most glar
ing violation was that of Supreme
Courts directive that ICDS should
provide only locally prepared meals
and supplements, prepared by
womens groups. Karnataka had
however contracted the prepara
tion of ready-made mixes to Christy
Friend Gram, whose factory is in
Tamilnadu. Local communities
often complained of stale smells,
worms in the mixes, and bad taste.
On the spot investigations did find
these qualitative problems as well
as expired packets, in additon to
shortfalls in the supplied amounts.
24 idPAiz eU

While the blame could be at

tached to staff at all levels, the most
serious violations and siphoning
off of allocated funds in conniv
ance with the supplier were traced
to the Director and Deputy Direc
tor of DWCD! They have been sus
pended, but civil society activists
are demanding their dismissal. The
contract with Christy was another
target of activists, but the Dept. in
sisted it had to wait till March 31.
After that date, the preparation was
supposed to be decentralised to lo
cal Self-help groups [SHGs]. But, it
is still being given as semi-prepared
packets at taluk or sub-district lev
els to be mixed with water and fi
nally cooked locally. The womens
organisations that prepare the pack
aged mixes are trained and man
aged by Christy . This is again in
contravention of the SC order that
mandates fresh hot cooked meals
and forbids the use of contractors.
As the court had asked Govt.,
it submitted an update after a few
months. Once again, the Court
found too little had been done and
hence a special Monitoring Com
mittee, headed by a judge and in
cluding some NGOs, was set up.
Further action-oriented recommen
dations were made by this commit
tee, the key one being that there
should be action-oriented monthly
health camps covering all children
under six and pregnant women and
lactating mothers, with the involve
ment of both DWCD and MOH.
Pleading that this was not feasible,
the Health Department got this or
der modified to once a quarter.
The first such camp was sched
uled for July 15, and it did seem
that the two departments had put
forward a good action plan that
included an awarchecks through

home visits, with the culmination

being the health camp at the health
centres themselves. However, the
plan did not cover women at all,
and only took the weight measure
ment of the child, not the height;
nor were any medical examinations
conducted for children who were in
the normal weight category.
Civil society activists monitor
ing these actions reported that in
some places nothing had happened;
in some others however it was done
properly; in yet others indifferently
well. On the whole, there was satis
faction that action had been taken at
last, even if only partially!
Follow-up by on the long term
recommendations of the IMR and
Malnutrition Committee also needs
to be taken up even while the ur
gent ones are being attended to. It
is well-known that there is an intergenerational transfer of nutritional
deficiencies from mother to child,
to the adolescent girl and the cycli
cal process continues. Issues such
as ill-health, poor hygiene and sani
tation also impact on nutrition, so
attention to all these are needed.
The committees recommendations
need also to be discussed in wider
fora along with other recommend
tions by various groups/experts for
possible applications in other states
in the country.
Some immediate actions that are
needed in the state as well as nationally:
yy ICDS Coverage to increase from
present 55% to universalisa
tion with priority to vulnerable
groups of children;
yy Provision of freshly cooked nu
tritious meals from locally avail
able foods as far as possible with
community groups as providers;
and
Ag 2012

yy Establishment of as many Nu
trition Rehabilitation Centres as
needed in order to bring severely
malnourished children back to
normalcy [these may be attached
to health facilities or to AWCs].
To ensure above three essential
provisions that are as per Supreme
Court orders of November 2001,
the following are necessary: In
creased budgetary allocations that
are divided among the different age
groups according to their needs as
in some states;
yy Regular growth monitoring of
all under sixes, as well as as
sessment of health status as per
norms;
yy Identification of nutritional sta
tus of all children under six and
remedial nutritional therapy for
all malnourished children under
six, especially for under threes,
either in situ or in nutritional re
habilitation centres along with
daily monitoring of their pro
gress with corrective actions ac
cordingly; the mother or other
caregiver to be involved in this
rehabilitation so that they under
stand how to prevent the child
from sliding back into malnutri
tion after they go home;
yy Continued monitoring of the nu
tritional and health status of all
women in the reproductive age
group and adolescent girls to de
tect deficiencies in their status
and to take remedial and preven
tive actions;
yy Regular home visits by ICDS
and frontline health personnel
such as the ASHAs and ANMs
during a womans pregnancy
and the first year of an infants
birth to promote the womans
nutrition, correct breastfeeding
and weaning practices, frequent
25 idPAiz eU

feeds as appropriate for each

young age group, and child
stimulation, which is known to
aid in both nutritional and allround development;
yy Adequate training of field health
and ICDS personnel for these
tasks;
yy Universal PDS that includes pro
vision of local foodgrains and
pulses in quantities commensu
rate with household food secu
rity;
yy Involvement of the local com
munity, which needs training
too, in ICDS and nutritional
therapy, by energising existing
committees like the Anganwadi
mothers committee, the Water,
Sanitation and Nutrition Com
mittee, etc.;
yy A joint monitoring team in each
district and gram panchayat,
with representation from the
Govt., elected representatives,
civil society and local commu
nity groups to monitor the pro
gress and outcomes of the above
steps, recommend remedial ac
tions and provide feedback to
higher levels.
yy Full transparency and account
ability, with severe penalties for
the non-performing and/or cor
rupt officials.
In addition, a massive commu
nication and sensitisation exercise
on nutrition needs to be launched
to inculcate good nutritional habits
among the general population, es
pecially young children, adolescent
girls and women, and rid people of
wrong beliefs and myths that lead to
food taboos for pregnant and lactat
ing women and the new born. Sev
eral examples abound from other
sectors such as the recent TV ads
on NRHM, ASHAs, the Meena se

ries on girls education, the sanita

tion and clean village ad for use of
latrines, and special efforts such as
the Red Ribbon Express on HIV/
AIDS. How sad that there are liter
ally no such efforts to promote nu
trition which is the foundation for
a healthy childhood that alone can
fulfill ones full potential! Other av
enues must also be sought, such as
radio serials followed by discussion
fora, street plays, jingles, posters
that even an illiterate can under
stand [not wordy ones], etc.
Above all, what is needed is a
Free Children from Malnutrition
Mission, with adequate financial
and human resources for it and the
political will to see that it succeeds
and is sustained. The time gap be
tween our growing awareness of
this issue and an urgent response is
extremely worrisome. The Govern
ment must respond to this silent
emergency in a mission mode, and
set monthly goals as part of this
years annual plan; while the five
year plans must address the matter
of sustained fulfillment of the basic
health and nutrition requirements of
children and women throughout In
dia.
At the same time, we need to ask
ourselves why most of our people
are poor is it because their re
muneration is far less than what is
needed for the basic living needs of
a family, while the fruits of their
labour are reaped by a few, or be
cause their employment opportuni
ties are increasingly blocked by our
policies or a combination of the
two? Unless the purchasing power
of the family is vastly increased,
along with heightening its under
standing of what a childs and a
u

Page 33

Ag 2012

Advocacy For Child Rights

Matters
Advocacy for the protection of child rights and its importance in the present scenario and
advocacy measures to promote child rights.
Paper presented at the National
Seminar on Human Rights Advocacy: An Avenue for Social Change
25th and 26th September 2012,
Dept of Social Work, St. Aloysius
College (Autonomous), Mangalore
Abstract
This paper introduces the Indi
an situation in which advocacy for
the protection of child rights is rel
evant. It focuses on the need for ap
plication of social work principles
and methods in advocating for child
rights to bring about changes in
practices at the grassroots level in
terventions and in social policy and
legislation. By practice, it is estab
lished that social policy and legisla
tion is extremely important to en
sure that benefits reach the needy.
Added to it, advocacy measures or
movements are necessary to guard
that the state does not abdicate itself
from its responsibilities, inspite of
having social welfare policies and
programmes.
Achieving through advocacy
is easier said than done in India,
which is plagued with corruption
at every level of bureaucracy and
ill equipped civil society groups.
Against these odds, several indi
viduals, groups and campaigns are
applying basic principles of advo
cacy and social work to reach the
goals - transforming the mindset of
26 idPAiz eU

the general public, legislators, ad

ministrators, judiciary, media and
academia. In the context of Child
Rights, the paper takes into account
some of the advocacy measures in
the recent past that have ensured
Right to Education, Child Labour
Abolition, Right to Nutrition, Anti
Trafficking, Ban on Female Foeti
cide and Infanticide, etc.
From the field experiences of
CRT-Child Rights Trust, Banga
lore with which the author is asso
ciated for the past ten years, this
paper highlights the formation of
KCRO-Karnataka Child Rights Ob
servatory, an advocacy and lobby
ing movement formed by an NGO
collective and the birth of Karna
taka Legislators Forum for Child
Rights as well as the lobbying exer
cise to get a circular issued by the
Department of Rural Development
and Panchayat Raj (RDPR), to hold
Child Rights Special Grama Sabhas
throughout Karnataka. With these
two examples, the paper attempts to
analyse the advantages, possibilities
and challenges in child rights advo
cacy.
Introduction
The Indian Constitution guaran
tees all the rights enshrined in it to
every child in India as children are
also citizens of this country. But,
no day passes by without incidents

of violation of child rights-discrim

ination, abuse, neglect, denial of
basic entitlements and services, ei
ther in ones own home/family or
outside. Although we have lived
for more than five decades with the
constitution, we are yet to recognise
the situation of children around us
from the rights perspective. Chil
dren in our societies continue to be
voiceless, vulnerable and unrepre
sented. This situation calls for adult
or organised groups or state inter
vention to advocate for the issues of
children and create space for chil
drens voice.
After India signed and ratified
the UN Convention on the Rights
of the Child (UN CRC) in 1992, all
of a sudden official figures of child
population in India shot up! Article
1 of CRC defines a child as a per
son below the age of 18 years.1 As
a result, India is now home for the
largest child population with a little
over than 44% of the total popula
tion.2 This probably is one of the
biggest challenges for the Indian
Society and the Government to ac
cept the age of the child and the
huge number of children who have
to be catered with services and a
future.
In response to this, there is
both denial and acceptance of the
age factor at several levels as per
convenience by all the three estatesAg 2012

legislature, administration and judi

ciary. We cannot ignore the general
public, media, corporates, NGOs
and the academia who also matter
a lot in the world of children. The
requirement for Child Rights Ad
vocacy in India begins here, which
suits the classical definition of the
term Advocacy - the act of plead
ing or arguing in favour of or active
support or recommending a cause,
idea or policy.3
Advocacy-Concepts and
Definitions
The term Advocacy has been
explained by various authors and
practitioners in different contexts
and situations. Advocacy is a po
litical process by an individual or
a large group, for example, social
workers who normally aim to influ
ence public policy and resource al
location decisions within political,
economic, and social systems and
institutions; it may be motivated
from moral, ethical or faith princi
ples or simply to protect an asset
of interest. Advocacy can include
many activities that a person or
organization undertakes including
media campaigns, public speaking,
commissioning and publishing re
search or poll or the filing of friend
of the court briefs. Lobbying (of
ten by lobby groups) is a form of
advocacy where a direct approach is
made to influence legislators on an
issue which plays a significant role
in modern politics.4
Children in India and a case for
Advocacy
Study on Child Abuse: India
2007 by the Ministry of Women
and Child Development, GOI high
27 idPAiz eU

lights the serious issue of child

abuse and neglect in the country.5
Physcial Abuse: (i) Two out of
every three children were physi
cally abused; (ii) out of 69 % of
physically abused children in 13
sample states, 54.68 per cent were
boys; (iii) The states of Andhra
Pradesh, Assam, Bihar and Delhi
have almost consistently reported
higher rates of abuse in all forms as
compared to other states;6 (iv) Out
of those children physically abused
in family situations, 88.6 per cent
were physically abused by par
ents, and (v) Sixty-five per cent of
school-going children reported fac
ing corporal punishment, i.e., two
out of three children were victims
of corporal punishment.
Sexual Abuse: (i) 53.22 per cent
children reported having faced one
or more forms of sexual abuse; (ii)
AP, Assam, Bihar and Delhi re
ported higher percentage of sexual
abuse among both boys and girls;
(iii) 21.90 per cent child respond
ents reported facing severe forms
of sexual abuse and 50.76 per cent
experienced other forms of sexual
abuse while 5.69 per cent reported
being sexually assaulted; and (iv)
7.50 per cent abusers are persons
known to the child or in a position
of trust and responsibility in the
childs life.
Emotional Abuse and Neglect
of the Girl Child: (i) every second
child reported facing emotional
abuse; (ii) Equal percentage of both
girls and boys reported facing emo
tional abuse; (iii) In 83 per cent of
the cases, parents were the abus
ers and (iv) 48.4 per cent of girls
wished that they were boys.
NFHS-National Family Health

Survey 3 (2005-06) has identified a

very dangerous trend in nutritional
status of children below 3 years in
Karnataka: Stunted: 38%; Wast
ed 18 % and Underweight 41%.
Nearly 83 % of children in 6 35
months are anaemic in the state.
More than 50% of women in 15-49
years range are anaemic. The most
alarming fact is that almost 60%
of pregnant women in 15-49 years
range are anaemic.7
These studies become very sig
nificant when we analyse the statis
tics in the light of right to survival
and healthcare; right to education;
right to be protected against exploi
tation and the right to expression
and taking part in decision making,
thus stressing the importance and
need for advocacy for upholding
the rights of the children. These are
all areas where urgent interventions
are needed by the State to prevent
abuse and set up systems for protec
tion, rehabilitation and development
so that children do not become vic
tims now and in the future.
Advocacy has played a key role
in the history of child rights. Ms.
Eglantyne Jebb, founder of Save the
Children, in order to assist children
affected by the allied blockade of
supplies to Europe, she went on to
lobby with the Government to end
the blockade in 1919 and to draft
the Declaration of the Rights of the
Child in 1923 forming the basis of
the current UN Convention on the
Rights of the Child.8
Professional Social work education and Advocacy
Most of us with a degree in So
cial Work paid attention to learn
the principles of Social Work Case
Ag 2012

Work, Group Work, Community

Organisation, Social Action, So
cial Research, etc., and rushed to
the field to practice what we learnt.
Our intentions were to see that we
are there with various communi
ties to bring about a change in their
lives. We reached the communi
ties, mingled with the people and
began our battle against the social
problems and evils with the weap
ons we carried with us. To begin
with, many took head-on the issues
and joined the cavalry. After a few
strides and knowing something of
success and failure as well as dead
ends, some of us came back to our
strategy rooms and reviewed our
drawings and game plan.
While the field action is impor
tant to be continued, (housing, sani
tation, immunization, enrolling chil
dren in schools, providing mid-day
meals, improving nutritional levels,
de addiction, initiating child labour
schools, rehabilitating children on
the streets, opposing child mar
riages, abuse, devadasi system, and
child trafficking, etc.,) experience
has shown some of us that we need
to tackle something else to alleviate
the child centered social problems
on the ground. A continuous search
for that something led us to the
power housethe hub of bureau
crats, peoples representatives, the
law makers and the planners called
the Government.
A close look at the style and
methodology of operations of the
Government threw up several ques
tions.
yy Why is that budgeted money in
a particular child welfare pro
gramme is not spent fully in
the past so many years? E.g.,
28 idPAiz eU

Healthcare for children and im

munization.
yy How is it that the Government is
still running a certain programme
and its projects knowing full
well that it is not yielding any
results? E.g., Child Guidance
Clinics and child labour schools.
yy What a shame to have a particu
lar law which is not sensitive to
the current day situation? E.g.,
CLPRA
yy Where is the policy with the
Government to address a par
ticular problem? E.g., Children
of migrant labourers.
yy Who can support the implemen
tation of a legislation to put an
end to an evil practice? E.g.,
Child marriage.
yy What is the right time to bring
all these to the notice of the
power-house and how?
yy Who is observing and rating the
performance of the bureaucracy,
legislators, and judiciary?
A follow-up on these, with the
back-up of continued social work
education, field work, took several
forms including documentation, re
search, advocacy, lobbying for bet
ter services, adequate budgetary
sanctions, realistic planning, and
developing people friendly perspec
tives in the form of social policy
and legislation.
Child rights and advocacy
Our social work education as
well as work in the field repeat
edly stressed that our work is apo
litical. But, the moment we start
talking the language of Rights,
that too for children, the whole at
mosphere changes. We are in the
thick of politics. We cannot ignore

the power of making use of political

processes for advocating in favour
of children.
Advocacy is largely mystified
by most of the child rights advo
cates! Its our duty to document our
field attempts and experiences to
bring something right to children
and thus motivate all concerned
with children to be part of this mass
movement to uphold child rights.
This is aptly summarized as one
type of childrens advocacy typi
cally represents or gives voice to an
individual or group whose concerns
and interests are not being heard.
A child advocate will try to protect
children from being harmed and
may try to obtain justice for those
who have already been harmed in
some way. A child advocate may
also seek to ensure that children
have access to positive influences
or services which will benefit their
lives such as education, childcare
and proper parenting. Malnutrition
is another form of hazard - there
are many children who go to bed
without eating and it is looked over
by child welfare.9 Another form
of child advocacy happens at the
policy level and aims at changing
the policies of governments or even
transnational policies. These advo
cates do lobbying, policy research,
file lawsuits and engage in other
types of policy change techniques10
(DeVita and Mosher 2001). In the
current situation, many use several
techniques including Internet based
(techniques) to influence decision
makers11 (McNutt 2007). Water
Aids The Advocacy Sourcebook
defines advocacy as taking action
to bring about the change you are
seeking. Therefore, advocacy must
Ag 2012

necessarily take place in a particu

lar context, and be aimed at a par
ticular target.12 This contextualizes
the concept as well gives a simple
workable definition on advocacy.
Thus, one need not have to picturize
advocacy as a far reaching effort as
it always talks about big issues, na
tional and international level. Even
advocacy efforts to bring smaller or
minor changes at a local level, at a
grama panchayat level, in a locality
or even in a school or hostel or in
an organization with an appropriate
strategy are worthy to be replicated
and documented. In the context of
child rights, advocacy thus targets
policy makers at various levels and
public institutions for change in
policy, programmes, allocation of
resources and prioritizing issues.
Advocacy for Social policy and
legislation: Translating social work
practice at the grassroots level to
social policy and legislation is ex
tremely important to ensure that
the benefits and reach of the social
work practices are given a wider
scope. A legislation or policy also
ensures that the state does not abdi
cate itself from its responsibility to
wards social welfare. Achieving this
is easier said than done in a coun
try like India with its rampant cor
ruption and bureaucratic ways. But
despite these overwhelming limita
tions and barriers, many organiza
tions and individuals, are aware of
the importance of ensuring their
work impacts policy and legislation
and consciously design their advo
cacy programmes and approaches
keeping that goal in perspective.
From child rights perspective,
a close look at the various policies

29 idPAiz eU

and legislationsRight to Educa

tion, Right to Food, Universalisa
tion of pre-primary services, Child
Labour Prohibition, Anti traffick
ing, Ban on female infanticide, Anti
dowry, Prohibition of Child Mar
riages, Adoption laws, Integrated
Child Protection Schemes, Juvenile
Justice, etc., are all results of sev
eral advocacy and lobbying activi
ties, with campaigns, field opera
tions, research by committed social
workers supported by academia,
motivated bureaucrats and legisla
tors and some times due to judicial
activism (e.g., the 1993 Judgement
that brought up RTE (Right to Edu
cation) into Constitutional debates).
But practitioners comment that
most of these acts or programmes
or schemes have no comprehensive
strategies that advocate for integrat
ed child rights protection.
In the background of these, this
paper attempts to highlight advoca
cy initiatives of CRT-Child Rights
Trust, Bangalore that have had
some success in ensuring that child
rights advocacy have a positive im
pact at the policy level. In this pa
per, two of the major interventions
are taken for study.
Methodology:
The intervening NGO has ap
plied advocacy measures with social
work methods in reaching the goals.
Case Work, Group Work, Commu
nity Organisation mobilization, So
cial Action and Research are used
appropriately wherever needed in
convincing the concerned. The me
dia and public relations skills are
adequately used in the advocacy and
lobbying exercise.

Limitations
The paper does not look at ana
lyzing the impact of all advocacy
efforts in upholding the rights of the
children, but describes two success
stories that have emerged in this re
gard from a particular consortium.
This can serve as a guide to the ap
proaches adopted and provides a
glimpse into the possibilities of how
social work practices can impact
at policy/legislation level through
Child Rights Advocacy.
Some significant advocacy tools
adopted
yy Social Research / survey and
analysis of secondary and pri
mary data.
yy Building networks and coalitions
of like-minded people or groups
(affected or interested).
yy Letter campaign writing con
tinuously on issues to peoples
representatives, media and high
offices.
yy E-mail campaign- chain mails,
signature campaigns.
yy Public meetings and individual
and house visits.
yy Communicating with the peo
ples representatives in one to
one meetings from grama pan
chayat, city corporation to MPs.
yy Media campaign-press and elec
tronic media (TV and radio),
traditional media-songs, street
plays, wall writings, pamphlets,
posters, public meetings, gather
ings.
Child Rights Special Grama
Sabhas in Karnataka. PRIs taking
note of the situation of children.
Grama Panchayats, the Lo
cal Self Governments, are bound

Ag 2012

to take up quality intervention for

all development activities. Chil
dren, who are not voters (normally
branded as citizens of tomorrow)
are not in the development radar of
the Panchayats. But the Act govern
ing the PRI system clearly puts the
onus of child survival, protection,
development on the Grama Pan
chayats, Taluk Panchayats and Zilla
Panchayats.13 Practicing several of
the social work principles at grass
roots level have clearly shown that
if the Grama Panchayats take an
active role in monitoring the situ
ation, child rights can be certainly
realized.
Child Rights Trust (CRT), now
the secretariat to KCRO,14 conduct
ed a Child and Grama Panchayat
Centered Action Research Project
in 15 Grama Panchayats (five each
from three taluks- Bellary, Hagari
bommanahalli and Kudligi) in Bel
lary district of Karnataka state
(2003-2007).15 To begin with, the
Grama Panchayat members and the
community were contacted for au
thentic data on childrens issues.
Secondary data on women and chil
drens survival, health, nutrition,
well-being, protection, and educa
tion status were collected from the
Anganawadi workers, ANMs and
primary school staff. Getting data
from these service providers was
not a cake walk. Our team had to
make several trips to the local ser
vice providers AWWs, ANMs and
schools - cajoling, convincing and
pursuing them to part with whatever
data they had stored.
After the survey, the status of
children in the particular panchayat
was discussed with the GP members
and the community in the presence
30 idPAiz eU

of service providers who had given

the data. The data was compiled,
collated and then analysed in the
form of diagrams and tables called
Child Rights Centered Progress
Card of the Panchayat. These pro
gress cards raised key issues like
child mortality, maternal mortal
ity, female infanticide and feticides,
child marriages, ANCs (ante natal
care), immunization, malnutrition,
child trafficking, school dropouts,
child labour, gender discrimination,
disability, children of devadasis, or
phans, semi orphans and destitutes,
missing and run away children, lack
of services in Anganwadis, schools
and hostels, mid day meals, lack of
welfare measures, scholarships and
education support services, lack of
academic growth, etc. A few Pan
chayats took the clue and geared
up their systems to streamline the
services, decided to plug the loop
holes, provided assistance to the
needy and made up their minds to
consider children as part and par
cel of their PRI system. The field
research and collective responsibil
ity here worked as an advocacy tool
at the grassroots level in favour of
child rights.
We could not stop at this. We as
an individual NGO cannot be with
the community forever and we can
not motivate, support only a hand
ful of GPs to address issues related
to children. And we also had doubts
and concerns on whether the GPs
would follow up with the needed
actions in response to the issues that
the data had brought up and the sus
tainability of the project in a small
geographical location.16 Looking
into the role of Grama Panchayats
in keeping track of their childrens

well-being and organising commu

nity and converging services of con
cerned departments to tackle short
falls, new strategies were thought
of.
Rural Development and Pan
chayat Raj (RDPR) Department,
Government of Karnataka was then
approached (in August 2006) with
the concept of Child Rights Special
Grama Sabhas. The then Secretary
to Govt., RDPR department, im
pressed with the presentation and
concept, sent a circular to keep
track of children at Gram Panchay
at level and to hold special Grama
Sabhas on Childrens issues every
year between 13th and 30th of No
vember every year.17
The circular which was approved
in September 2006 directs the CEOs
of Zilla Panchayats to monitor the
conducting of Child Rights Special
Grama Sabhas and submit reports to
the head office. With this historical
move by the Government, an ini
tiative confined initially to only 15
GPs initiated by an NGO, moved to
impact all the GPs of the state. Now,
this is a policy tool in the hands of
hundreds of NGOs practicing vari
ous social work interventions and
GPs overseeing Government pro
jects in every nook and corner of
the state to monitor the progress of
children. The most interesting part
of this system is the participation
of children too in raising their con
cerns and the adults taking respon
sibility for addressing them. While
other states have shown interest in
the exercise, the National Commis
sion for Protection of Child Rights
(NCPCR) has appreciated the move
as a unique method.
This advocacy has also experi
Ag 2012

enced road blocks, non cooperation

by bureaucrats, NGOs and basic
service providers. But a continued
follow up with the concerned de
partment resulted in RDPR conduct
ing press conferences jointly by the
ministers of RDPR and Department
of Women and Child Development
(DWCD), GOK to announce yearly
Child Rights Special Grama Sabhas
(Nov. 2011) and release of success
stories of conducting Child Rights
Special Grama Sabhas (March
2012).
Birth of Karnataka Legislators Forum for Child Rights- and
Childrens Parliament in Vidhana
Soudha with the CM of Karnataka.
Are children citizens of this
country? One may wonder why this
question, when the Constitution of
India declares that children born for
Indian couples in India are Indians
and they are citizens of India. Any
one can even apply for Indian citi
zenship as per the Indian Citizen
ship Act. So also children born in
India to Indian parents are citizens
of India.
But it is very difficult to find
peoples representatives at Legisla
tive Assembly or Parliament taking
issues related to children and debate
for effective legislation or higher
budgetary allocation. It was evident
in the way the Right to Education
Bill was passed in 2009. A very sig
nificant Act that is going to decide
the fate of the children and the fate
of the country was passed without
quality debate. The reasons could
be lack of information about the sit
uation of children in the country or
children do not constitute the vote
bank that decides the fate of the
31 idPAiz eU

politicians.
In 90s many of us in the field
of child rights activism have tried
several methods to attract the atten
tion of the Government to make pro
children policies and programmes.
Our media campaigns, dharnas,
morchas, public programmes, press
conferences, studies, etc., took a
long time to reach the power house
and there was no guarantee of the
desired changes. In the meanwhile,
some of us noticed that any issue
that is raised on the floor of the
House gets noticed and the Govern
ment is bound to answer it with its
stand. A debate, calling attention
motion, zero hour question, etc.,
means the Government cannot ig
nore the issue, but has to respond.
Thus, we decided to take a nonconfrontational means by working
with the peoples representatives,
raising public awareness and lobby
ing with the administrators.
Since 1990, some of us were
following up with the political par
ties and had noticed that no politi
cal party was making any signifi
cant promises to children in their
election manifestos. Because chil
dren are not voters! An attempt
was made in 1995 to influence the
political parties to include right to
education and eradication of child
labour in their manifestos.18 In 2004
and 2009, concerted efforts by sev
eral NGOs and networks resulted in
major political parties making spe
cific promises to children educa
tion, health, protection, cultural and
sports provisions, hostels, scholar
ship, immunization, bicycles, high
er education, support to children
with disabilities, incentives to preg
nant and lactating mothers, preven

tion of child labour, child marriage

and so on. 19
KCRO took the role of follow
up and monitoring of elected legis
lators after compiling the manifes
tos of all the political parties cull
ing out childrens issues. Questions
raised in the Houses, answers given
by the concerned ministers, debates
in the various sessions of the Hous
es, budgets, speeches, etc., were
brought to the table and sorted out
in the following manner:
1. Session no.
2. The question date
3. The answering department
4. Starred or Un-starred question
5. Subject and sector (e.g. Child
Centered) or others
6. Name of the legislator
7. Constituency
8. Representing party
9. The Question in detail and An
swer in detail
This tabulation and the analysis
for a continued period have thrown
up several observations.
yy Many legislators are not aware
of the real situation of childrenin the state or their constituency
too (e.g., Mal nutrition, edu
cation status, child marriages,
IMR and U5MR, etc.)
yy Several burning issues are not
finding their way into the Leg
islative Assembly debates (e.g.,
Mal nutrition, quality of educa
tion)
yy Many a times, questions raised
by the legislators find a dead end
as there is no information or ar
gument to substantiate the ques
tion (e.g., Status of children of
migrants)
yy Several answers given by the
Government are so mundane that
Ag 2012

it becomes useless to raise ques

tions on such issues. (e.g., child
labour number and the situation
in Karnataka)
yy The Legislative procedure di
rects that any promise made by
the concerned minister should be
debated by the assurance com
mittee (for further delay or some
time to get clarity).20
The tabulation also clearly
showed that several legislators are
not able to participate in debates re
lated to children as they may not
know clearly about the situation of
children in the state and their con
stituencies. What followed is an at
tempt to reach out the legislators
with facts and figures, questions and
supporting information. KCRO also
initiated the process of honoring se
lected legislators as Child Friendly
Legislators who would have raised
maximum quality questions about
children and who are responsible
for moving the Government poli
cies, programmes, budgetary allo
cations and legislations.
What followed is the formation
of Karnataka Legislators Forum
for Child Rights with the participa
tion of several significant legislators
(around 100 legislators have signed
up since 2008). The forum is now
taking childrens issues head on in
the Karnataka Assembly and Coun
cil. They have become ambassadors
for children in the state.
The Karnataka Legislators Fo
rum for Child Rights organized a
unique Childrens Parliament with
a face to face dialogue with the then
CM of Karnataka Mr. Sadananda
Gowda on 15th November 2011 in
Vidhana Soudha.
The sum result of social inter
32 idPAiz eU

ventions in the field work with doc

umentation of cases and processes,
research, community mobilization
and social action has thus resulted
in impacting the fate of children and
creating a demand for change. Ef
forts are now on to lobby with the
legislators to have a one- day dis
cussion exclusively for childrens
issues on the floors of the Assem
bly.
What has happened in Karnataka
Assembly is the beginning of a new
thinking. Such social work inter
ventions with advocacy and lobby
ing can be developed with respect
to natural resources, dalit rights,
womens issues, agriculture, etc.,
to make people friendly legislation
and policies.
Prospects in Child Rights
Advocacy
Advocacy is a present continu
ous term (!) in the context of child
rights. The development targets to
be met at national level are quite
huge. Considering the MDGs (Mil
lennium
Development
Goals),
World Fit for Children (WFC),
our own Five Year Plan goals and
NPAC (National Plan of Action)
and SPAC (State Plan of Action
for Children), there are hundreds
of issues to be persuaded through
advocacy to involve, motivate and
act to bring about change. It can
be issues related to immunization,
safe motherhood, universal use of
toilets, birth registration, stopping
child marriages and child traffick
ing, etc. Social Workers and social
work techniques blending with oth
er developmental measures continue
to be relevant in the coming days as
the challenges are many.

Conclusion
While these initiatives are by no
means an exhaustive list and many
organizations and individuals can be
credited with having success stories
in this sphere, this goes to show that
there are definite possibilities and
channels for social work practices
to go beyond its own limitations.
The fact that KCRO, a consortium
of NGOs and individuals across the
state are involved in ensuring that
these initiatives have a policy/leg
islative impact is a testimony to the
fact that there is awareness amongst
a large section in this field on the
importance of relating social work
practice to policy and not viewing
it in isolation. But certainly its still
a long way towards achieving this
more effectively and in a focused
manner.
Inroads have been made; ef
forts should now be geared towards
building it on further, strengthen
ing the approaches and bridging the
gaps to move towards endeavors
where social work practice and pol
icy can work to complement each
other seamlessly.
Some of the road blocks to
achieve this include lack of person
nel who can take up these advo
cacy, lobbying and documentation
exercises; documentation and media
relations, lack of training for activ
ists, lack of funding support; lack of
any documented efforts in this re
gard and the development field con
sidering politics and political activi
ties as taboo. But now the time has
come to shed our reservations about
political parties and politicians and
make use of legislative tools to bring
people friendly policies and legisla
tions.21 To conclude, all of us who
Ag 2012

are working in the field to meet the

needs of our clientele, particularly
children should be prepared to be
advocates of any issue. And we
need to note that Advocacy as we
are experiencing is not a one time
activity or a programme. Advocacy
is a long term Process with a close
follow up plan. o
References
1. Art. 1: For the purpose of the pre
sent Convention, a child means
every human being below the age
of eighteen years unless under the
law applicable to the child, major
ity is attained earlier. UN CRC
1989
2. Census of India 2001 and (Provi
sional figures) 2011
3. The Free Dictionary by Farlex,
the Concise Oxford Dictionary of
Current English and Dictionary.
com
4. Lobbying Versus Advocacy. Le
gal Definitions. NPAction. Ar
chived from the Original on 2nd
April 2010, Retrieved 2010-03-02
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/advocacy
5. Dabir, Neela and Nigudkar, Mo
hua ( 2007): Child Abuse: Con
fronting Reality, Economic and
Political Weekly, Vol. XLII Nos
27 and 28, July 14, 2007, pp
2863-2868
6. The study was conducted in only
t

Page 25

womans nutrition entails, its abil

ity to follow even the minimum
nutritional guidelines will be nil.
The scourge of child malnutri
tion is not just a National Shame
as our PM says, but a crime against
our innocent children. It is also a
gross violation of child rights and
of our constitution that assures
every individual the rights to life
33 idPAiz eU

13 states with a sample size of

12,447 child respondents in the
age group of 5 to 18 children
and 18 to 24 young adults with a
fair representation across gender,
mother tongue, caste and religion.
7. Ministry of Health and Family
Welfare, GOI, New Delhi
8. Gosling, Louisa and Cohen Da
vid, (2007), Advocacy Matters :
Helping Children Change their
world, The International Save the
Children Alliance, London
9. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
Child_advocacy
10. DeVita, C.J. & Mosher-Williams,
R (Eds.) (2001). Who speaks for
Americas children? Washington
DC: The Urban Institute.
11. McNutt, J.G (2007), Adoption of
New Wave Electronic Advocacy
Techniques by Nonprofit Child
Advocacy Organisations, Cortes,
M. & Rafter, K (eds.), Nonprofit
and Technology: Emerging Re
search for Usable Knowledge,
Chicago, IL: Lyceum Books.
12. OConnell, Mary; Burrows, Gideon
and Plumb, Libby (Ed) (2007),
The Advocacy Sourcebook, Wa
terAid, London.
13. See Karnataka Panchayat Raj Act
1993.
14. Karnataka Child Rights Observatory
is a network of Child Rights ac
tivists, NGOs and representative
from Govt., media and academia.

15. Shalini Rajanish (Ed) (2012), Citi

zen Centric Innovations in Kar
nataka, Dept of Personnel and
Administrative Reforms (Admin
istrative Reforms), GOK, Banga
lore pp 22
16. The project was supported by CRYChild Rights and You (20032005) and from 2006 onwards by
EveryChild, UK.
17. RDPR, GOK Circular No. UC367
UAC 2006
18. CACL Annual Report 199-95
19.
Sharma,
Vasudeva
(Ed),
(2005/2008-10), Are there chil
dren in Vidhana Soudha?, For
KCRO, Child Rights Trust,
Bangalore
20. ibid
21. This paper is a sum total experi
ence of several team members,
volunteers, thinkers, NGOs and
networks who are with CRT and
KCRO.

and health as fundamental rights.

Unless each and everyone of us is
burning with fire in our bellies, and
join hands in demanding that we
save our children from such a hor
rendous fate, and at the same time,
take actions to ourselves remedy
through practice and advocacy the
apathetic attitudes towards child
and womens malnutrition, the
underweight, stunting and wast
ing figures in successive NFHS or

other surveys will only fluctuate

marginally, while generation af
ter generation of children emerge,
even if they survive, depleted of
their energy, growth and overall
development, into a caricature of
an able-bodied and mentally alert
adult. o

Mr. Vasudeva Sharma N.V.

Executive Director
CRT-Child Rights Trust and State
Convener of KCROKarnataka Child Rights
Observatory, Bangalore and
Former Member, KSCPCRKarnataka State Commission for
the Protection of Child Rights
and Former Chairperson of Child
Welfare Committee, Bangalore.

R.Padmini
Trustee
Child Rights Trust, Bangalore
Ag 2012

Towards Protecting The Rights

Of Children Of Prisoners
C

hildren of prisoners in gen

eral do not enjoy any special
rights. Childrens needs are not
considered when a parent is sent
to prison. When this happens the
childs life might be turned upside
down. Whether people who are ar
rested or stand trial are parents or
not is not a big issue in criminal
law. Also, given prison inmates
legal position, their family ties are
scarcely recognised. For the public
at large, prisoners in the first place
are lawbreakers. It is difficult to
picture them as mothers and fathers
who might want to care for their
children. So, the children are, in a
way in double jeopardy: they lose
out on being parented and they are
confronted with stigma and neglect.
In India, children of imprisoned
parents are not easy to classify as a
group. Any attention on the topic
has been raised by the honourable
Supreme Court mandate which has
in its judgement of 2006 given di
rections for care and protection of
children of imprisoned mothers
below six years. Interestingly, the
larger group of older children of
imprisoned parents (6-18 years) do
not find mention in the judgement
though they would fall within the
category of children in need of care
and protection under the purview of
the Juvenile Justice (Care and Pro
tection of Children) Act, 2000 and
Juvenile Justice (Amendment) Act,
2006.
As a whole, women prisoners
34 idPAiz eU

only constitute a minority (5%) of

prison inmates but nevertheless,
both mothers and fathers have chil
dren outside the prisons who are in
difficult circumstances and need due
care and attention. The children of
imprisoned mothers often are split
up and sometimes even left home
alone. Children of imprisoned fa
thers most of the time stay at home
with their mothers, but in difficult
and often poor circumstances. Com
plicating factors such as migration,
parents who are addicted to drugs
or alcohol, or parents who are vio
lent or abusive are often mitigating.
These problems may occur more
often in the lives of children of im
prisoned parents than normally,
but they certainly do not occur per
definition.
Legally the position of children
of imprisoned parents is quite op
posite to, for example, the chil
dren of divorced parents, although
from the perspective of the child
in both cases he or she has nothing
to do with the cause of separation.
In family law, family life and the
bond between parents and children
is protected to a large extent. In
criminal law the state interference
in family life (by arresting and pun
ishing the parent) puts no obligation
on the state to create provisions and
facilities to limit the damage of this
interference and of the separation it
causes on children above six years
of age.
In spite of some of the measures

available, rights of children of pris

oners in the Indian context are still
very vague. The shocking survey
on children of women prisoners,
conducted by the National Institute
of Criminology and Forensic Sci
ences, Delhi, during 1997-2000,
documents the conditions of dep
rivation and criminality in which
children are forced to grow up,
lack of proper nutrition, inadequate
medical care, and little opportunity
for education.
PRAYAS, a Mumbai based
NGO has grouped the children of
women prisoners as follows;
1. Children born to mothers while
in custody
2. Minors permitted to be taken
into prison custody with their
mothers.
3. Minors taken into penal cus
tody with their mothers who
have been sent outside while the
mother remains incarcerated.
4. Minors left outside when either
or both parents are taken into
custody.
5. Minor children who grow into
adulthood while their mother
services her sentence.
For the purposes of this note,
we are concentrating on minors
left outside when either or both
parents are taken into custody
Karnataka Scenario
Presently, the Karnataka state
has a total of 102 prisons of vari
Ag 2012

ous classifications with an intake of

12383 male prisoners and 533 fe
male prisoners. There are 19 chil
dren less than 6 years who are in
the custody of their mothers which
leaves the statistics of children out
side only to our imagination.
All prisons situated in Karnataka
fall under the following classes:
a. Central Prisons (8)
Location: Bangalore, Belgaum,
Bellary, Bijapur, Gulbarga,
Mysor, Dharwad and Tumkur.
i) Male inmates: 8049
ii) Female inmates are 400.
b. District Prisons (15)
Location:
Bidar,
Karwar,Madikere, Mangalore,
Raichur, Shimoga,Chitrudurga,
Bagalkote, Chamrajnagar, Tum
kur, Haveri, Ramnagram, Chik
ballapur, Udupi and Koppal.
i) Male inmates: 1899
ii) Female inmates: 72.
c. District Sub Jails (4)
Location: Chickmagalur, Has
san, Kolar and Mandya.
i) Male imates: 855
ii) Female inmates: 39.
d. Special Sub Jails (2)
Location: Davengere and KGF.
i) Male inmates: 179
ii) Female inmates: Nil.
e. Taluka Sub Jails (70)
Location: Aland, Arasikeri,
Aurad, Badami, Bilahongala,
Chithamani, Devdurga Gadag,
Gangavati, Gokak, Hadagi,
Hospet, Hubli, Hanbad, Jam
khandi, Kadur, K.R.Nagar, Kol
ligela, Lingasugur, Manvi, Nan
junagud,
Narasimharajapura,
Sagar, Shorapur, Tarikeri, Tip
35 idPAiz eU

tur, Virajpet, Yadgir, Yallapur,

Sakaleshpur, Ankola, Athani,
Bhatkal, Bhuntwal, Chickkodi,
Chincholi, Hanagal, Hirekerur,
Honnavar, Hukkeri, Hungund,
Karkala, Kumta, Kundapura,
Kundgola, Kustagi, Madugiri,
Navalgund, Puttur, Raibagh,
Ramadurga, Ranebennur, Rona,
Saundati, Segam, Shigom, Shi
rahatti and Siddapur.
i) Male inmates: 1353
ii) Female inmates: 7
f. Juvenile Jail (1): no inmates
g. Open Air Jail Bangalore (1):
45 male prisoners.
The Karnataka State Commis
sion for Protection of Child Rghts
has received a complaints about the
right to education and development
of children of prisoners wherein the
Commission have asked the pris
on authorities to refer children to
district Child Welfare Committees
(CWCs) for protection of the inter
ests of these children. At Gulbarga,
the Child Welfare Committee also
held a sitting with prison inmates,
following the Commissions recom
mendation. Thus, as far as children
staying outside the prison are con
cerned, there are no specific guide
lines for their protection. It is in
this regard that the KSCPCR feels
the need to come up with specific
guidelines to secure the future of
these children.
Existing Measures:
yy Convention on Rights of
Child, 1989
The legal base of this account
ability of the state can be found in
several human rights treaties, espe
cially in the framework of the Con
vention on the Rights of the Child

(CRC), 1989. Under Article 2,

children must not be discriminated
against because of the status of their
parents which can be interpreted to
include imprisoned parents, Articles
3 talks about upholding the best in
terests of the child, Article 9 asserts
the fact that a child must not be sep
arated for his or her parents without
their will and Article 12 gives chil
dren the right to express their views
freely. This Convention in general,
and in specific, obligates the States
to support parents in the caring and
raising of- their children.
Although there are no compre
hensive statutes in this context, the
following legal measures can be
used to protect the rights of these
children:
yy Constitution of India, 1950
Article 12 and 13 which provide
for the guarantee of equality and
non-discrimination imply that chil
dren of prisoners are not to be dis
criminated against in matters con
cerning them like education, health
and other public services. Article
21 which ensures right to life and
liberty have been interpreted ex
pansively by the Supreme Court to
encompass positive claims includ
ing right to live with human dig
nity , privacy and confidentiality
, health and medical treatment and
education. Governments obliga
tion to ensure access to the same
for these children also stems from
this Article. Article 21 A was in
serted under the 86th Constitution
Amendment Act, 2002 to give ex
plicit recognition to the right to free
and compulsory education for all
children between the age of six and
fourteen years.
Directive Principles relevant to
children include directions against
abuse of tender age and exploita
Ag 2012

tion of young persons , for secur

ing work, education, welfare and
assistance in situations of debility
and destitution , and for the provi
sion of care and education to young
children .
The States responsibility is
enshrined under:
yy The National Policy for Children, 1974
It lays down that the State shall
provide adequate services towards
children, both before and after birth
and during the growing stages for
their full physical, mental and so
cial development. More so in the
case of children without parental
care especially children of prison
ers, one can take the support of
provisions which state that children
who are socially handicapped, who
have become delinquent or have
been forced to take to begging or
are otherwise in distress shall be
provided facilities of education,
training and rehabilitation and will
be helped to become useful citizens.
It is also stated that in organising
services for children, efforts would
be directed to strengthen family ties
so that full potentialities of growth
of children are realised within the
normal family, neighbourhood and
community environment and this
can be deemed to include children
of prisoners under its ambit.
yy The National Plan of Action
for Children, 2005
It commits itself to ensuring all the
aforesaid rights to children up to
the age of 18 years. It focuses on
girl child, rescuing her from traf
ficking and exploitation and strong
recommendation for a better and ef
fective Act to stop child marriages.
It has expanded the constituency of
36 idPAiz eU

vulnerable children to also include

children of prisoners. It works as
comprehensive policy for with
drawing children from work and in
tegrating them into full time school.
For an effective implementation of
the policy it sees the importance of
adequate and specific child budget
ing. The Plan recommended insti
tutional mechanisms for monitoring
child rights such as: establishing a
National Commission for Protection
of Child Rights, including the set
ting up of State Commissions.
yy The Right of Children to Free
and Compulsory Education
Act, 2009
Puts the onus on the State to pro
vide access to free and compulsory
primary education to all children.
The relevant clause in this context
is that, which states that the State
shall ensure that economic, social,
cultural, linguistic, gender, admin
istrative, location, disability, or
other barriers do not prevent chil
dren from participating in and com
pleting elementary education .

yy Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2000

and Amendment Act, 2006

The preamble of this Act states

that this legislation has been draft
ed keeping in mind the standards
prescribed in the Convention of
Rights of Child, 1989 as mentioned
above. Under this key legislation,
children of prisoners fall within
its purview of Section 2 (d) which
defines child in need of care and
protection, as these children are
generally left without any home or
settled place or abode and without
any ostensible means of subsistence
and their parent or guardian is unfit
or incapacitated to exercise control
over the child . As is the case with

children of prisoners, due to the

imprisonment of their parents, they
are forced to live without any settled
place and any ostensible means of
subsistence. Therefore, it is the re
sponsibility of Child Welfare Com
mittee (CWC) , Childrens Homes
and Shelter Homes to care, protect,
treat and help in the development of
these children.
Further, the Act promotes rein
tegration of children in their family
. In the absence of a natural fam
ily, the statute sets out to provide a
family like environment to children
through adoption , foster care and
sponsorship .
yy The Commissions for Protection of Child Rights Act, 2005
The Commissions were set up un
der this legislation as a necessary
step to protect childrens rights as
enumerated under the United Na
tions Convention on Rights of
Child, 1989. The Commission man
dates review, research and examine
the status of child rights and advise
reforms for the realisation of such
rights . The rights of children of
prisoners fall under the ambit of its
overarching mandate of inquiring
and investigating incidents of child
rights violation and recommending
action including prosecution and
grant of relief . State Governments
are required to set up Commissions
to execute similar powers and func
tions in their respective States .

yy Integrated Child Protection

Scheme, 2009

It is a vehicle for implementation of

Juvenile Justice Act and protection
of rights of children. Children of
prisoners would fall within its man
date and are entitled to improved
quality of protection set forth in its
objectives viz, institutionalisation
Ag 2012

of essential services and strength

ening of child protection structures
at family and community level. It
is based on cardinal principles of
protection of child rights and
best interest of the child. Hence,
its objectives are: to contribute to
the improvements in the well being
of children in difficult circumstanc
es which would include children of
prisoners, as well as to the reduc
tion of vulnerabilities to situations
and actions that lead to abuse, ne
glect, exploitation, abandonment
and separation of children.
In Karnataka, the ICPS has been
registered as a society and presently
efforts are underway to recruit staff
for the State Child Protection Unit
(SCPU) and the District Child Pro
tection Unit (DCPU) too. A budget
of Rs. 3,81,67,000/- has been re
leased by the Ministry of Women
and Child Development (DWCD).
Supreme Court in 2006 in R.D.
Upadhyay v. State of A.P. and Ors.
SLP (C) Nos. 14303-14305/98:
After thoroughly scrutinizing the is
sues affecting the children of under
trial prisoners, due emphasis was
given to the various provisions in
the Constitution and laws govern
ing the welfare and interests of the
children and guidelines pertaining
to pregnant women, child birth in
prison, food, clothing, medical
care, shelter, education, recreation,
diet etc were issued. In addition to
these the Court also said, ...no fe
male prisoner shall be allowed to
keep a child who has completed
the age of six years. Upon reach
ing the age of six years, the child
shall be handed over to a suitable
surrogate as per the wishes of the
female prisoner or shall be sent
to a suitable institution run by the
Social Welfare Department. As far
as possible, the child shall not be
37 idPAiz eU

transferred to an institution outside

the town or city where the prison is
located in order to minimize undue
hardships on both mother and child
due to physical distance. Such chil
dren shall be kept in protective cus
tody until their mother is released
or the child attains such age as to
earn his/her own livelihood. Chil
dren kept under the protective cus
tody in a home of the Department
of Social Welfare shall be allowed
to meet the mother at least once a
week. The Director, Social Welfare
Department, shall ensure that such
children are brought to the prison
for this purpose on the date fixed by
the Superintendent of Prisons...
The Karnataka Prison Manual,
1978: It has a new chapter having
guidelines for children less than 6
years old and these children stay
ing with their mothers are provided
with playing articles, educational
kits and caretakers and all the Cen
tral Jails now have functional crch
es.
Keeping in mind the strength of
inmates in all prisons in Karnataka
(see Karnataka scenario), 12380
men and 518 women, the children
outside the prisons must be in large
numbers. It goes without explana
tion that most of them hailing from
marginal sections of society would
be in need of care and protection.
While no studies are available
on the number of these children
and support services available to
them, the Commission is aware
of initiatives by organisations like
SO CARE and others where these
children are provided with alter
nate care. However, the larger
reciprocity of these children may
be dispersed with the possibility of
siblings being separated and there
fore there is an urgent need to put
in place a mechanism to promote

and protect these childrens rights

since their parents may not be in
any position to provide a protective
umbrella.
The State has an obligation
through its mechanisms to have
guidelines and specific protocols
for protecting these childrens in
terests with the convergence of the
prison administrations, Juvenile
Justice System and the Department
of Women and Child Development.
The arguments for ensuring reg
ular safe contact of children with
their imprisoned parents relate to
encouraging with the possibility of
childrens right and maintaining a
strong bond between the offender
and his/her children. The benefits
flow from the incentive for reform
for the prisoner as investing on these
children and linking them with their
parents would be a huge motivating
factor for these prisoners.
Keeping this in mind, some
discussion points are given below
which need to be further deliberated
upon.
yy Child-friendly visiting areas and
waiting rooms must be set up
in prisons to enable parents and
their children interact in a infor
mal and non intimidating ambi
ence.
yy The Child Welfare Committee
(CWC) is the competent au
thority to take up these cases of
children of prisoners, Regular
meetings with correctional offic
ers called to present CWCs with
referrals of children in need of
care and protection.
yy Depending on the strength of
prisoners, CWC in collabora
tion with the prison administra
tion could consider holding pe
riodic sittings in the particularly
on days when children visit the
parents.
Ag 2012

yy The Juvenile Justice Act along

with the Integrated Child Pro
tection Scheme has provisions
for sponsorship and foster care.
These services could be utilised
for the benefit of these children.
yy All festivities should be open
house where children of pris
oners can come and spend time
with their parents. Diversified
recreational programmes should
be made available to the children
of different age groups includ
ing cultural events such as folk
dances, songs, theatre etc.
yy There should be a move towards
open prisons where even older
children can live with their fami

lies while attending schools.

yy All possible information re
sources must be created for the
children and relatives, including
a web site. Communication be
tween the child and his or her
parents must be improved by
providing telephone cards and
all other modern means of com
munication e.g., Skype, and in
case the child goes to meet her/
his parents personally, then all
travelling costs for the child
could be covered by the con
cerned authorities.
yy Rehabilitation programme for
prisoners should include knowl
edge and skills on parenting re

sponsibilities, by professional
counsellors.
yy Prison administration must be
sensitised to be responsive to the
problems of children of prison
ers.
yy Voluntary organizations could
sponsor children of prisoners,
organise outings for them and
empower them to move on in
life without carrying the stigma
of their parents criminal ante
cedents. o
Nina P. Nayak,
Member, National Commission for
Protection of Child Rights
With Ms. Smriti Kaur

PROFESSIONAL SOCIAL
WORKERS DIRECTORY

idPAiz wU iw Pr

We are planning to bring out a Professional

Social Workers Directory. We propose to
connect all the social work professionals.
Kindly fill the format and send by mail.
We have already received 250 filled
forms.
idPAi Pvz Cs Az
jAi wgg U Cg CsU QjAi
wgjU CvPV. Dzg F n jAi
wgg U U Cg jtv PvU U
iw Cs. F n J idPAi
wgg , Cg PAiPvU CsU
zR Aiv. Ai wgjU F CsU
iUzUv JA AiP. F n
g Pg U r A. F
CsU wPAi CAPtV, Avgz U
PU JA AiP vAqzVz.
-AzPg

We are introducing a Social Work Career

/ field column in Samaja Karyada Hejjegalu. In this regard, we are planning to interview social work professionals who have
achieved in different field of social work.

Careers in Social Work

idPAizg zs zU U
CU U Pjv U iwAi Pgvz.
idPAiz z qz Avg Eg
CPU U U D zUU Pz PU
U CvU zR Aiv zVz.
F AivP FUU PqAz Gv
wQAi PVz. F n U
CPU gz PPr. idPAiz
zs wU U iwAi wPAi CAPt
gz vAz Avgz U P gz
gvg zsjz. v ZUU
Uv.
-AzPg

a iwUV : 9980066890, socialworkfootprints@gmail.com

38 idPAiz eU

Ag 2012

Book Introduction

A Window Into Teaching

otto Chan, The little girl at the

window, by Tetsuko Kuroyanagi is indeed a book that provides
a window into the world of children. First published in Japanese
in 1981, the biographical book is
based in Tokyo city during World
War II. The story focuses on the
authors experiences in an alternative school called Tomoe Gakuen. It gives readers an insight on
teaching by exploring experimental and holistic education.
Curious little Totto (as her
father calls the author) is expelled
from a formal school for banging the desk shut too often and
calling out to singers through the
window during class, among her
many instinctive acts. Her mother
then comes across Tomoe, which
unlike the formal school does
not restrict a childs spontaneity,
movement and creativity. Here,
the little girl meets Sosaku Kobayashi, the founder and principal
of the school, to who Tetsuko
has dedicated her book. During
Tottos and the readers very first
encounter with the principal, he
lets six year old Totto talk four
hours straight about... anything
she wants! One can see that Kobayashi understands the psychology of children and of course, that
he has a world of patience. The
relationship between Principal
Kobayashi and any of his students
illustrates the importance of ones
faith in the inborn goodness of
every child.

39 idPAiz eU

When at Tomoe, Totto learns

that the students themselves
decide the days schedule; that
the teachers only give them a
list of subjects to be dealt with
each day. If thats not excitement
enough, her next discovery is that
the classrooms are actually abandoned railroad cars! Everything at
the school is designed in the most
child friendly manner. Excursions
and trips are a routine, to stimulate the childrens curiosity. The
sports activities are designed in
such a way that the differentlyabled children, who the school
accepts, can take part without a
trouble. Catering to children with
special is a challenge that only a
few schools take up and the book

shows how it can be achieved.

As happy-go-lucky as the
schedule seems, the principal
does have a few rules. He insists
that each day at lunch time, students take turns to speak to the
rest about anything they want.
This is only one among his many
ideas to encourage students
overcome their nervousness; ideas
that all teachers must certainly
keep in mind.
The book traces Tottos school
life and at the same time the
impacts of the war, all in 232
pages. The author, writing the
book in retrospection, has used a
childs perspective. The sketches
throughout the book are a visual
treat and aid ones imagination.
Translated into English (1984)
from Japanese by Dorothy Britton,
the language is simple and evokes
excitement like that of a childs,
discovering the world around her.
Now, the book has been made
available in many Indian languages by National Book Trust.
Although Totto Chan is classified as a childrens book, it proves
to be a must read for all trying
to understand the workings of
a childs mind and how to work
closely with one. o

Shraddha Sharma
II BA, Integrated Communication Studies, Mount Carmel
College, Bangalore

Ag 2012

UGC-NET SOLVED QUESTIONS

SOCIAL WORKJUNE 2005: PAPER II
......Continued

24. The Nobel Laureate Prof. Amartya Sens most

significant contribution is in the field of:

(A) Econometrics

(B) Micro-credit

(C) Environmental Economics

(D) Welfare Economics
25. The act of perceiving, understanding and
responding to emotional state and ideas of another
person is known as :

(A) Sympathy

(B) Empathy

(C) Transference

(D) Displacement
26. Match the authors List-I with the subjects given in
List-Il by using the code given below:
List - I

(a) Specht H and Kremer R M

(b) Grace Mathew

(c) M S Gore

(d) M S A Rao
List - II

(i) Social case work

(ii) Social movements

(iii) Social development

(iv) Community work

Code:

a b c d

(A) i ii iii iv

(B) iv i
iii ii

(C) ii iv ii iii

(D) iii ii
iv
i
27. Assertion (A):

Gordon Allport was awarded Nobel prize.

Reason (R) :

Allport classified human traits into (1) Cardinal
traits (2) Central traits and (3) Secondary traits.

(A) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the

correct explanation of (A)

(B) (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct

explanation of (A)
40 idPAiz eU

(C) (A) is true but (R) is false

(D) (A) is false but (R) is true
28. Mode is defined as:

(A) The middle measure in a series in which all

measures have been arranged in the order

of size

(B) The arithmetic average of a series of
measures

(C) The item which occurs most frequently in

the series

(D) The square root of the mean
29. The period of Zygote is:

(A) From fertilization to 7 days

(B) From fertilization to 7 lunar months

(C) From fertilization to the end of two weeks

(D) Frorn fertilization to the end of two lunar
months
30. Oedipus Complex is associated with:

(A) Oral Stage

(B) Anal Stage

(C) Phallic stage

(D) Latency period
31. Hypogamy is:

(A) Where a lower caste man marries a higher

caste woman

(B) Where a higher caste man marries a lower

caste woman

(C) Where a man marries more than one woman

(D) Where a woman is married to more than one
man
32. The tenth Five Year Plan period is:

(A) 2000 - 2005

(B) 2002 - 2007

(C) 2003 - 2008

(d) 2004 - 2009
33. Which among the following is not a characteristic
of culture?

(A) Culture is social

(B) Culture is adaptive

(C) Culture is inborn
Ag 2012


(d) Culture is a complex whole
34. Assertion (A):
Gandhiji formulated Constructive Programme
for the upliftrnent of the rural poor.

Reason (R):

To lead India to political independence.

(A) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the

correct explanation of (A)

(B) Both (A) and (R) are correct. (R) is not the

correct explanation of (A)

(C) (A) is false but (R) is correct

(D) (A) is correct but (R) is false
35. International year of the Disabled Persons was in
the year:

(A) 1971

(B) 1981

(C) 1991

(D) 2001
36. Point out the option not associated with Sarvodaya:

(A) The well being of all in all phases of life

(B) Social Reconstruction

(C) Swarajya and Lokniti

(D) Political and administrative consolidation of

a country
37. Which among the following is not the developmental
task during adolescence?

(A) Accepting ones physique and adjusting to

body changes

(B) Achieving a masculine or feminine social
role

(C) Achieving emotional independence from

parents and adults

(D) Adjusting to empty nest syndrome
38. When was Association of Schools of social work
was registered in India?
(A) 1961

(B) 1950

(C) 1963

(D) 1965
39. From the options given below, one of the following
matches best with Quantitative study in social
science research:

(A) Historical Reports

(B) Statistical Tests

(C) Case Study

(D) Group Intervention
40. Assertion (A):

Indias population has crossed the billion mark at
the turn of the century
41 idPAiz eU

Reason (R) :
The available birth control measures have not
been accepted by the people.
Code:

(A) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the
correct reason for (A)

(B) (A) and R are true but (R) is not the correct

answer for (A)

(C) (A) is correct but (R) is false

(D) (A) and (R) both are false
41. In which year the Dowry Prohibition Act was
passed?
(A) 1960

(B) 1971

(C) 1961

(D) 1984
42. The Employees State Insurance Act was passed in
the year:

(A) 1978

(B) 1928

(C) 1860

(D) 1948
43. Which one is a feature of community chest?

(A) To develop leadership in the community

(B) To distribute funds to various agencies

(C) Abolish discrimination between different
castes

(D) To develop religious harmony in the
community
44. National Human Rights Commission was created
in the year:
(A) 1963

(B) 1973

(C) 1983

(D) 1993
45. According to Erik Eriksons theory of personality
the crisis during the period of young adulthood is:

(A) Generativity versus stagnation

(B) Identity versus role confusion

(C) Industry versus inferiority

(D) Intimacy versus isolation
46. Octavia Hill and Samuel Barnett are connected
with which of the following?

(A) Charity Organisation

(B) Beveridge Report

(C) Childrens Aid Society

(D) Poor Law Report
47. One of the following articles in the Directive
Principles of State Policy states that the state

Ag 2012

shall take steps to organize village panchayats

and endow them with such power and authority
as may be necessary to enable them to function as
units of self governance is:

(A) Article 31

(B) Article 40

(C) Article 39

(D) Article 36
48. Which of the following is NOT a part of social
case work process?

(A) Content analysis

(B) Treatment

(C) Assessment

(D) Evaluation
49. Which of the following is NOT a primary group?

(A) Gang

(B) Crowd

(C) Family

(D) Peer group

50. Social control refers to:

(A) Constraints on freedom

(B) Support to antisocial behaviour

(C) Social mechanisms for encouraging

conformity and reducing deviance

(D) Treatment of deviants

24.D 25. B 26.B 27.A 28.C 29.A 30.D

31.A 32.A 33.C 34.B 35.B 36.C 37.D
38.1 39.A 40.B 41.C 42.D 43.B 44.D
45.B 46.A 47.B 48.A 49.B 50.C

Murali .N
Faculty, Dept. of Social Work
Bangalore University, P.G. Center Kolar.
Ph.09844186579
Email: muralibabumsw@gmail.com

ISSN No. : 2230-8830

We are glad to announce that our journal has launched a new programme of inviting scholars to be guest editors to
deal with special subjects. We are thankful to those who have accepted our invitation. The following table contains
the names of the guest editors and the subjects they deal with. The ardent teachers, students, practitioners in Social
Work and also the other readers may kindly correspond with the guest editors . You can also send your articles to
socialworkfootprints@gmail.com

Guest Editors 2012-13 (And the subjects they deal with)

GUEST EDITORS

THEMES

H.S. DORESWAMY
Freedom Fighter

Social Work and Gandhi

Dr.Y S Sidde Gowda

Registrar, Sanskrit University, Bangalore.
Mob: 9448342703

Industrial Social Work

Dr. B.T. Lawani

Dean: Faculty of Arts, Commerce and Social Sciences,
Director: Yashwantrao Chavan Institute of Social Sciences Studies
and Research, Pune. Mob: 09370969607
Dr.T.K Nair
Director, Institute of Social Work and Research, Chennai.
Tel: 044-24866163
Dr.R. Shivappa
Head, Dept of Social Work, Mysore University, Mysore.
Mob: 9448184914

Leadership Crisis in India:

A Social Work Perspective

Old Age
Social Development: Different Dimensions

Dr.M Basavanna
Rtd. Professor of Psychology, Bangalore.
Mob :9448921422

Psychological Background for Social Work

Dr. Ambarao T Uplaonkar

Rtd Professor of Sociology, Gulbarga.
Mob: 9880444353

Social Movements

42 idPAiz eU

Ag 2012

idPAiz eU
Ai a, Al-2, 2011-2012
RU

P.A.

RPg
rAg 2011, AaP-1

Avz Pt, ZAP PtUg, zsgq-580007

Ez iU

q. UAr t Cg Ez iU
PAz DAi sU

dj PgPV gl: g Z
ZAi q.JZ. gAAig v

ge.Js, Azs zy, Ew sU,

AUg zAi, AUg-56

PlAP Wl U Aizg zP

q. Av CV, zsPg, gPj zAi,

UU-585102

AiAz zzg P?

Dg.n, AUg

d AgPP ; Aiv CAi V

J., gvAP, AUg

dj 2012, AaP-2

UAAi iU v DzsP idPAi

(vP aAv)

q.JZ.JA. gzAi, FP, A. 62, Adx

P, e.. Ug 3Ai Av, AUg-560078.

Pgz azUt v C PPg

U JZ., Azs zy, idPAi sU,

AUg zAi, AUg-56

q. gAitgr : Ai PAi Zv

DAz J.J, GPg, .JA.Dg Pd,

AUg

Ez iU

q. UAr t Cg Ez iU
PAz DAi sU

Av v MAz PAv l

q,Dg. s, Av zsPg, gt
P Pd, g, AUg-1

gAiZg fAi vAUsz gj sz

P v

ge, Azsy, Ew sU, AUg

zAi, AUg-56

z Q; Cfv AU

APm P, gvAP, AUg

sj 2012, AaP-3

UAAi iU v DzsP idPAi

(vP aAv)

43 idPAiz eU

q.JZ.JA. gzAi, FP, A. 62, Adx

P, e.. Ug 3Ai Av, AUg-560078.

Ag 2012

zP Civ v (MAz CP)

UAq Uqz, Cwy GPg, .f. Alg,

Pg.

CPgg U PU Pg sgv

gdRg..(Pn), n, vP,
Aqf-57143.

Ez iU

q. UAr t Cg Ez iU
PAz DAi sU

Jgq U q

q.JZ.JA. gzAi, FP, A. 62, Adx

P, e.. Ug 3Ai Av, AUg-560078.

e MAz EtP l

JA. t, ez v zsPg, 57, 7Ai

Rg, 3Ai P, gUg, AUg

idPAi U MAz AiUAi

(sz Q)

q.JZ.JA. gzAi, FP, A. 62, Adx

P, e.. Ug 3Ai Av, AUg-560078.

i , Ci : z
js

APm .P, gvAP, AUg

iZ 2012, AaP-4

UAfAi zAi idPAi

JZ.J.zg, A. 868, 38Ai Cqg, 20Ai

Rg, dAiUg 4Ai n P, AUg 560041

CivAi DPw: tUAi zAz w

J., gvAP, AUg

.giZj, Azs zy, id CzsAi

CAivAz CPUgz
Gzgg: PgtP MAz izj sU, g .

Ez iU

q. UAr t Cg Ez iU
PAz DAi sU

equ AidAi juU,

U, v jgU

U JZ.., Azs zy, idPAi sU,

AUg zAi, AUg-56

D P Zv: CZv Av

APm .P, gvAP, AUg

Egt zz dg P S

q|| .J., AiP Jzg, gl,

Pm - 581332

ifP Aig glUg: J.

Dg.go

q.JA. w, v AAi dAS vd

Ut CAi MAz t
AiU: sgv CszAi AAi
CsU

Dg.. n, if .E.M, L.r.. zsgq

K 2012, AaP-5

UAq d zv Aid...g Pm!

44 idPAiz eU

dz PgUz, zPg, Az, gA,

AUg-560020
Ag 2012

PgP z CPvAiA qAsv

gdRg (Pn), n U v CAZ,

v.Aq - 571430

Ez iU

q. UAr t Cg Ez iU
PAz DAi sU

U izsAz wg
idPAiPvg

u . AigU, GPg, zAi zQAi

sU, .J.r.E...JA.n zQAi
zAi, eg.

gtg rz P( idAi v
idPAiz zAz)

q..Dg. U, A269, 6Ai Rg, 13Ai

Cqg, AiiP, AUg - 560003

DPP AzAz Dz CjQv sU

q.JZ.JA. gzAi, FP, A. 62, Adx

P, e.. Ug 3Ai Av, AUg-560078.

zg Czv: Pig

APm .P, gvAP, AUg

jt wg idPAiPvgV :
.J.n

sgw. P. eg, AAidQ, Z, Cxt,

U-591304
2012, AaP-6

AidzV zP PAiz egv

Mvqz Q gwg CPU

. giZj, Azs zy, id CzsAi

sU, g zAi, g.

Ez iU

q. UAr t Cg Ez iU
PAz DAi sU

Pz ii

q.JZ.JA. gzAi, FP, A. 62, Adx

P, e.. Ug 3Ai Av, AUg-560078.

PlP UjP Svj Aid 2011

Cx P Aid

APm .P, gvAP, AUg

ifP jvPgV JZ.J. zg

.J. Azs zy, Ew sU,

AUg zAi. AUg 560056

s, w v g z
-2011: MAz CP

J, GPg idPAi sU,

C Pd AUg

Czsgt QAi Cw zs: iw

APm .P, gvAP, AUg

Dz-CzU fU: Gi-

q.JZ.JA. gzAi, FP, A. 62, Adx

P, e.. Ug 3Ai Av, AUg-560078.
d 2012, AaP-7

Ut P PU gPuU D
iZAi DPv

45 idPAiz eU

z i, z, PlP gd P PU gPu
DAiU v zP, Z gm l. AUg
Ag 2012

Ez iU

q. UAr t Cg Ez iU
PAz DAi sU

Dvv i d G -MAz Az

q|| Z.ZAzRg, q|| .J..Wgq,

Pig.Dg. zQAi sU, PjAii
Dv, AUg

z zq JfMU ev!

Azs e, ifP, gdQAi ziU Pg

f zs Az Pgwg q
zPU

q.n.J. P, Pgr, U

d 2012, AaP-8
1

Z Pq, zq sP

.JA.gdRg, PPg, A. 430,

Ai, g, g qu, m,
j f-583201

sZgz gsAi MAiU

q.JZ.JA. gzAi, FP, A. 62, Adx

P, e.. Ug 3Ai Av, AUg-560078.

`' Ez iU

q. UAr t Cg Ez iU
PAz DAi sU

wgPz Pqw gi

ZAzRg AqP, zQt Pq.

zj zU ifP P zsP

J. PAv, rq, JZ.r.Pm gq,

tg-571105.

v zsU

J. PAv, tg, g.

rq - AiA A

J. PAv, tg, g.
DU 2012, AaP-9

Czsjg-MAz ifP u-1

q.JA.t, B zsP (v)

Pt Cw Mvq: UP

q.JA.J. Av

AWz eAz CAi zz g

gAz J zS, dAit

' Ez iU

q. UAr t Cg Ez iU
PAz DAi sU

PtP jPg: zgv q.n.w

AU R

Ai r Pt sVgx

AU R

PtP gsAiAz NAi

q.JZ.JA. gzAi, FP, A. 62, Adx

P, e.. Ug 3Ai Av, AUg-560078.

46 idPAiz eU

Ag 2012

Ag 2012, AaP-10
1

Czsjg-MAz ifP u-2

q.JA.t, B zsP (v)

' Ez iU

q. UAr t Cg Ez iU
PAz DAi sU

aQvyUq idPAi
PuyU MAz aQv g

q.JZ.JA. gzAi, FP, A. 62, Adx

P, e.. Ug 3Ai Av, AUg-560078.
CPg 2012, AaP-11

Czsjg-MAz ifP u-3

q.JA.t, B zsP (v)

' Ez iU

q. UAr t Cg Ez iU
PAz DAi sU

o-iU q Cwi F go!

v A, Pqs, AUg

zAi

J.PAv, zPg, rq A, tg, g

f-571105.

PlPz zg vg

s JZ.f., AUg

DzsP idPAiP Zz

q.JZ.JA. gzAi, FP, A. 62, Adx

P, e.. Ug 3Ai Av, AUg-560078.
Ag 2012, AaP-12

AzQAi

z i J.., zPg, P PU,

AUg.

Czsjg-MAz ifP u-4

q.JA.t, B zsP (v)

' Ez iU

q. UAr t Cg Ez iU
PAz DAi sU

Z.L.. AQv P DgUz P

z vA, zPg, Gd A, eg

CAQ CAU v P PU

w f.., zPg, Z gm l, # 4606,

Am 4, Cg g, AUg-01.

P CPvAi gz glz eU

. j, gd AAidPg, id jv
dAz

P PU-e

UA f. g, zPg
Z gm l v AUg f AAidPg,
PP zw g DAz

s l

DAz , s l, AUg

47 idPAiz eU

Ag 2012

SAMAJAKARYADA HEJJEGALU
SOCIAL WORK FOOT-PRINTS

II SUBJECT INDEX, VOLUME-2, 2011-2012

Articles

Sl. No.

Authors
December 2011, Issue-1

How To Deal With Seven Billion People?

The New York Times

Removal Of Untouchability

S.V. Manjunath, Working President, Bharath Nirman

Pratishtan, Bharath Sevadal Building, Kumara Krupa
Road, Bengaluru 560001

Role of Non - Government Organizations In

Women Empowerment

Dr Laxmi, Sandhyarani M C, Asst Prof, Dept Of

Studies In Social Work, Mahajana Post Graduate
Center, Mysore.

Life Satisfaction Among The Aged In Rural

Dakshina Kannda, Karnataka

Dr Ajith J DSouza, Dean, Post Graduate Dept Of

Social Work, Milagrace College,Kallinpur, Udupi

Preventive and Promotive Health Care

Programme for Chidrin of Rural Karnataka
Integrating Health and Education for School
Children

Dr V.R. Pandurangi, Founder and Patron

CAMHADD/COMHA, U.K.

Charity Should Be Charity And Not A Busi

ness

M. Badarinath, Account Officer, 48, Bhoruka

Welfare Charitable Trust, Lavelle Road,
Bangalore560001

January 2012, Issue-2

CHILD LINE 1098: DESERVING FOR

CHILDREN

Abhay M.Jadhav, Jitendra S.Gandhi, Assistant

Professor And Acting Director-CHILDLINE Nodal
Org., Department Of Social Work, Walchand College
Of Arts And Science, Solapur-413006,S (Maharashtra)

Male Participation In Domestic Responsibili

ties Among The Dual Earning Families In
Solapur City

Mrs.Indira .B. Choudhary, Asst. Prof., Department

Of Social Work, Walchand College Of Arts And
Science, Solapur

Professional Rural Social Work: Retrospect

And Prospect

Dr. Iqbal Suleman Subhedar, Suleman Subhedar

Institute, Nipani- 591237, Karnataka

HUNGER PANGS

Jisha Krishnan, THE WEEK, Kerala

48 idPAiz eU

Ag 2012

Vatsala Vedantam, DECCAN HERALD, Bangalore

Crocodile Tears For The Children

February 2012, Issue-3

1

Editorial

Dr .K.Hemalata, Associate Professor, Dept Of Social

Work, Christ University, Bengaluru - 29

Center For Social Action-Christ University

Dr .K.Hemalata, Associate Professor, Dept Of Social

Work, Christ University, Bengaluru - 29

Excerpts From The Interview With Dr.H.M. Dr .K.Hemalata, Associate Professor, Dept Of Social
Marulasiddaiah and Prof Shankar Pathak
Work, Christ University, Bengaluru - 29

Social Phobia-Information & Guidelines

Vase C Murtht, LCSW R # 044004-01, Licensed In

The State Of New Yark And New Jersey

Innovative Social Work Practice Initiatives

Through Center For Social Development

S. Venkatesh Murthy, HOD.Department Of Social

Work, CMR Institute Of Management Studies
(Autonomous)Bangalore-560043

Denial And Distress: Suicide Among Male

Homosexuals

Supriya P.R., # 1708,Raghavendra Nilaya, Behind

Alahabad Bank, Gandhi Nagar, 2nd Cross, Mandya,
Karnataka. Dr.C.Usha Rao. Reader, Department Of
Studies In Social Work, Mansa Gangothri, Mysore
University, Mysore-06

Adjustment Problems Of Disabled: A

Generic View

Dr. Kannekanti Parameshwar, MSW(HR).,MA,

LL.B, M.Phil, PhD Intake Assistant vocational
Rehabilitation Center For Handicapped, Government
Of India, Bangalore

Field Action Project: Its Importance To

Social Work Practicum And Training: Our
Experiences

Shashidhar Channappa, M.S.W.(Phd)

Program Manager, Department Of Social Work,
Acharya Institute Of Management And Science,
Bangalore-560058.

March 2012, Issue-4

Back To The Soil

Dr.H.M. Marulasiddaiah, Esha Krupe No

62, Manjunatha Colony, J.P. Nagara 2nd Phase,
Bangalore- 560078

Beacon Of Hope

Raj Chengappa, INDIA TODAY

Gandhiji's Views On Social Work

B.N. Ganguli, Professor, Former Of Economics And

Vice-Chancellor Of Delhi University

49 idPAiz eU

Ag 2012

Appiko Movement In Karnataka-1

Panduranga Hegde, Environment Activist, Alumina

Of Delhi School Of Social Work, Delhi University

A Ray Of Hope From Konarka: Bakul

Foundation

Sujit Mahapatra, Bakul Foundation, 16 Satyanagar,

Bhubaneswar, Odisha-751007

Educational Support Programme At The

Mahatma Gandhi Center Of Social Work,
M.G.I.E.D , Chuchuyimlang, Nagaland
Ideas For Action

R R Singh, Former Director Of T I S S , Mumbai,

Former Member N A A C, Rtd Prof Of Delhi
University, Dept Of Social Work

April 2012, Issue-5

1

A Social Worker in Denmark: A personal

Experience of a Migrent

Sri Sai Das, Peder Mathiasens Vej 6 B, 3460

Birkerod, Denmark

Turner Syndrome

Vasu Chikkatur Murhty, New York City, (USA)

Barrier Free Supervision In Field Work: An

Urgent Need In Social Work Education

Mr. Jitendra S Gandhi, Asst Professor, Dept of

Social Work, Walchand College of Arts And Science,
Solapur, Maharastra

Appiko Movement In Karnataka-2

Panduranga Hegde, Environment Activist, Alumina

Of Delhi School Of Social Work

Ageing In Indian City

T K Nair, Rtd Professor Of Social Work, Chennai

May 2012, Issue-6

Dr. K. V. Sridhran- Social Work Educator

Prof K.N. George, Former Director And Secretary,

The Madras School Of Social Work, Chennai -600008

Down Memory Lane-Dr K.V.Sreedharan

Shankar Pathak, Rtd. Professor Of Social Work,

Delhi University

A Great Human Being: Shri

Prof. K.V. Ramana, Former President, ASSWI

Former Vice Chancellor Andhra University
Visakhapatnam,

A Tribute To A Mentor :Shree

T K Nair, Rtd. Professor of Social Work, Chennai

Is Social Work A Profession In India?

T K Nair, Rtd. Professor Of Social Work, Chennai.

Tenuous Lives

Vikhar Ahmed Sayeed, FRONTLINE

Problems Faced By Women And Children In

S. Sunanda, CMTI, Tumkur Road, Bangalore-560022
Slums Of Bangalore Plausible Remedies "

50 idPAiz eU

Ag 2012

Role Of Righteousness And Religion In

Social Service And Social Transformation

Dr K. V. Ram, Rtd. Professor, Bangalore

June 2012, Issue-7

Editorial

Dr.T.S. Chandrashekar, Faculty & Consultant

Psychiatric Counsellor, Spandana Nursing Home,
Bangalore

Strengths Based Counselling For Persons

With Disability

Srilatha Juvva, Associate Professor and Chairperson,

Centre for Disability Studies and Action, School
of Social Work, Tata Institute of Social Sciences,
Mumbai

A Crying Need For Counseling

R.Anitha, MSW, MS, PGDHRM, PGDT,(PhD) Managing

Trustee & Counselor Turning Point Counseling
Centre, The Nilgiris, Tamilnadu

Despair And Hope: Counselling Needs Of

The Elderly In An Urban Slum Experirncing
Demolitions

Dr Ruchi Sinha, Associate Professor & Chairperson,

Center for Criminology and Justice. TISS, Mumbai,
India.

Tasks of Families with Adolescents and im

plications for parental counseling

Sobhana H, Sonia P Deuri Buli Nag Daimari.

Psychiatric Social Worker, Department of Psychiatric
Social Work, LGBRIMH, Tezpur

Has Social Work Education A Future In India?

P.T. Thomas, Bangalore

July 2012, Issue-8

Protecting Cultural Heritage Of India: A

Task For Social Work Profession

Manojkumar V Hiremath, Research Scholar,

Karnataka State Law University's Law School,
Rayapur, Dharwad.

Corporate Counselling: Issues And Chal

lenges Towards People Management. (Some
Observations)

Naik Nagaraj, PhD Scholar, Department of

Social Work, Bangalore University, Jnanabharathi,
Bangalore-560056.

Book Review: Ideologies And Social Work

Historical And Contemporary Analyses

Shankar Pathak, Rtd. Professor Of Social Work,

Delhi University

Pandith Rama Bai: A Feminist Social Re

former

Shankar Pathak, Rtd. Professor Of Social Work,

Delhi University

Effective Counseling Skills

Daniel Keeran, MSW, College of Mental Health

Counseling, Canada

51 idPAiz eU

Ag 2012

Manjunath, MJ Managements, Bangalore

UGC-Net Solved Questions

August 2012, Issue-9

1

Dr.T. Tippeswamy: Personal Profile

Case Study: Inside an NGO. The Unresolved Dr. I. Goswami, Director, Management Studies, Info
Dilemma Continues.
Institute of Engineering, Coimbatore.

Continuing Education Programme Among

Kanikkar Tribes in Kerala

Babu M.T., Lecturer in Social Work, Lissah,

Kozhikkode, Kerala.

Reproductive Rights, Gender Equality and

Reproductive Health in Developing Coun
tries.

Vijayan .K Pillai, PhD School of Social Work,

211 South Cooper Street, University of Texas at
Arlington,

UGC-Net Solved Questions

Nagesha H.V, Research Scholar, Dept. of Social

Work, Bangalore University.

Source: Amarabharathi Vidyakendra

September 2012, Issue-10

1

Editorial

TBBSV Ramanaiah, Professor, Dept of Social

Work, Mysore University

Women and Mental Health

Dr. Shobhadei R. Patil, Professor,Dept. of Social

Work, Karnatak, University, Dharwad.

Book Review-Ageing in an Indian City

Dr.M.S. Suneetha, UN University, Tokyo.

Professional Social Work Values and Guide

lines for Mental Health Professionals

Nireekshan Singh Gowagi S K, Assistant Professor,

Department of Studies in Social Work, Pooja
Bhagavat Memorial Mahajana Post Graduate Centre,
KRS Road, Metagalli, Mysore.

Psycho Social Rehabilitation

Dr.Suman K Murthy, MSW., M.Phil(PSW).,Ph.D

Associate, Professor & Head, Dept in Social Work,
Pooja Bhagavat Memorial Mahajana Post Graduate
Centre,KRS Road, Metagalli, Mysore.

Prashanat R. Patil, M.S.W, M.A, M.Phil,

Rehabilitation Services for the Care of Men
Psychiatric Social Worker, Dharwad Institute of
tally Ill Persons.
Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Dharwad.

Working Women's Leisure and Mental

Health

52 idPAiz eU

Ms. Rashmi Pai, Research Scholar, Department

of Social Works, Karnatak University, Dharwad.
DrV B Pai, Professor, Department of Social Work,
Karnatak University, Dharwad.
Ag 2012

Spirituality, Stress and Wellbeing Among

the Elderly Practising Spirituality.

Dr.P. Ilango, Professor & Head, Department of

Social Work, Bharathidasan Univesity, Tirchirappalli

Silenced Sexualities: Mental Health Issues of

Male Homosexuals

Supriya P R, Research Scholar, Department of

Studies in Social Work, University of Mysore,
Manasagangotri, Mysore

10

UGC-Net Solved Questions

Nagesha H.V, Research Scholar Dept.of Social

Work, Bangalore University.
October 2012, Issue-11

Success is not getting the most you can, but

in giving the best you can

Dr. Veena Poonacha, Bangalore

Religious Perspectives of Suicide

Pankaj Kumar Verma, Dept. Of Psychiatric Social

Work, Rinpas, Kanke, Ranchi-834006, Jharkhand

Psychological Competence in Old Age

Gangadhar B. Sonar, Assistant Professor,

Department of Social Work, Rani Channamma
University P.G.Centre, Vachanasangama, Torvi,
Bijapur

Down Memory Lane: Is HRD A field of

social work?

Shankar Pathak, Rtd Professor of Social Work,

Delhi University

Ethical consequences of using social network

Rebecca G. Judd, Ph.D., LMSW-IPR Texas A & M
sites for students in professional social work
University -Commerce
programs

UGC- Net solved questions

Murali .N, Faculty, Dept. of Social Work, Bangalore

University, P.G. Center Kolar.
November 2012, Issue-12

Will Malnutrition Devour Our Children

Forever?

R. Padmini, Child Rights Trust, 4606, H.P.IV,

Palace Rd., Bangalore-560001.

Advocacy for Child Rights Matters

Mr. Vasudeva Sharma N.V., Child Rights Trust,

Bangalore

Towards protecting the Rights of Children of Nina P. Nayak, Member, National Commission for
Prisoners
Protection of Child Rights

UGC- Net solved questions

53 idPAiz eU

Murali .N, Faculty, Dept. of Social Work, Bangalore

University, P.G. Center Kolar.
Ag 2012

SUBSCRIPTION & ADVERTISEMENT FORM

SAMAJA KARYADA HEJJEGALU-SOCIAL WORK FOOT-PRINTS
#244, 3rd Main, Poornachandra Road, MPM Layout, Mallathahalli,
Bangalore-560056. Ph: 080-23212309 Mob: 9980066890
Email: socialworkfootprints@gmail.com, www.niratanka.org
MAG (3) NPP/321/2010-2011

ISSN No. : 2230-8830

YES, I WOULD LIKE TO ADVERTISE /SUBSCRIBE TO SAMAJA KARYADA HEJJEGALU (SOCIAL WORK FOOT PRINTS)

Name: Mr./Ms._____________________________________________________ Date of Birth:________________________

Current Subscription Number (If renewing):__________________________ Address: ____________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
City/District: __________________________State: _______________________ Pin (Essential):
Email:_________________________________Phone/Mobile________________________(Res)________________________
Cheque** DD/ No.:____________________ Dated:______________ for Favouring SAMAJAKARYADA HEJJEGALU
Bank Name:______________________________________________________________________________________________

1 YEAR

2 YEARS

3 YEARS

4 YEARS

5 YEARS

LIFE TIME

Duration

Issues

Individual

Institution

Mega
Savings

Your Free Prize

Author

1 year

12

`400/-

`500/-

`75/-

Indian Street Children

Dr. Kodur Venkatesh

2 years

24

`800/-

`1000/-

`130/-

Madiligondu Magu

Mrs. Padmasubbaiah

3 years

36

`1200/-

`1500/-

`150/-

Teen Suicide

Dr. Kodur Venkatesh

4 years

48

`1600/-

`2000/-

`250/-

Samajakarya Mattu Samudaya Abhirviddhi

Dr.S.B. Muniraju

5 years

60

` 2000/-

`2500/-

`550/-

Social Discrimination Against Persons with Disability

Dr. Kannekanti Parameshwar

` 5500/-

`8000/-

`695/-

Social Work and Social Welfare

Prof. Shankar Pathak

Life time

ADVERTISEMENT TARIFF
Sl.No.

Display

Black & White

Colour

One Full Page

`15,000/-

`25,000/-

Half Page

`7500/-

`15,000/-

Strip

`3000/-

`5000/-

54 idPAiz eU

Ag 2012