[PPU] Semester 2 Topics-Syllabus

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SECOND TERM: ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM Topic 12 Electrostatics 12.1 Coulombs law Teaching Period 12 2 Learning Outcome Candidates should be able to: (a) state Coulombs law, and use the formula Qq ; F 4 0r 2 (b) explain the meaning of electric field, and sketch the field pattern for an isolated point charge, an electric dipole and a uniformly charged surface; (c) define the electric field strength, and use the F ; formula E q (d) describe the motion of a point charge in a uniform electric field; 12.3 Gausss law 4 (e) state Gausss law, and apply it to derive the electric field strength for an isolated point charge, an isolated charged conducting sphere and a uniformly charged plate; (f) define electric potential;
Q 4
0r

12.2 Electric field

12.4 Electric potential

(g) use the formula V

(h) explain the meaning of equipotential surfaces; (i) (j) 13 Capacitors 13.1 Capacitance 13.2 Parallel plate capacitors 12 1 2 use the relationship E use the formula U = qV.
dV dr

Candidates should be able to: (a) define capacitance; (b) describe the mechanism of charging a parallel plate capacitor; (c) use the formula C
Q 0A to derive C for d V the capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor;

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Topic 13.3 Dielectrics

Teaching Period 2

Learning Outcome (d) define relative permittivity constant); (dielectric

(e) describe the effect of a dielectric in a parallel plate capacitor; (f) 13.4 Capacitors in series and in parallel 2 use the formula C
r 0A

(g) derive and use the formulae for effective capacitance of capacitors in series and in parallel; (h) use the formulae
2 2 C (derivations are not required);

13.5 Energy stored in a charged capacitor

QV , U

Q2

and U

1 2

CV 2

13.6 Charging and discharging of a capacitor

(i) describe the charging and discharging process of a capacitor through a resistor; (j) define the time constant, and use the formula RC ;
t

(k) derive and use the formulae

t

Q0 1 e
t

,V

V0 1 e

and

I I 0e resistor;

for charging a capacitor through a

t

(l)

derive and use the formulae Q Q0 e

t t

V V0e and I I 0e for discharging a capacitor through a resistor;

(m) solve problems involving charging and discharging of a capacitor through a resistor. 14 Electric Current 14.1 Conduction of electricity 10 2 Candidates should be able to: (a) define electric current, and use the equation dQ ; I dt (b) explain the mechanism of conduction of electricity in metals;

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Topic 14.2 Drift velocity

Teaching Period 2

Learning Outcome (c) explain the concept of drift velocity; (d) derive and use the equation I

Anev ;

14.3 Current density

(e) define electric current density and conductivity; (f) use the relationship J

E;
ne 2t ; m

14.4 Electric conductivity and resistivity

(g) derive and use the equation

(h) define resistivity, and use the formula (i) (j)

RA ; l

show the equivalence between Ohms law and the relationship J E; explain the dependence of resistivity on temperature for metals and semiconductors by ne 2t ; using the equation m

(k) discuss the effects of temperature change on the resistivity of conductors, semiconductors and superconductors. 15 Direct Current Circuits 15.1 Internal resistance 14 1 Candidates should be able to: (a) explain the effects of internal resistance on the terminal potential difference of a battery in a circuit; (b) state and apply Kirchhoffs laws; (c) explain a potential divider as a source of variable voltage; (d) explain the uses of shunts and multipliers; 15.4 Potentiometer and Wheatstone bridge 7 (e) explain the working principles of a potentiometer, and its uses; (f) explain the working principles of a Wheatstone bridge, and its uses;

15.2 Kirchhoffs laws 15.3 Potential divider

4 2

(g) solve problems involving potentiometer and Wheatstone bridge.

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Topic 16 Magnetic Fields 16.1 Concept of a magnetic field

Teaching Period 18 1

Learning Outcome Candidates should be able to: (a) explain magnetic field as a field of force produced by current-carrying conductors or by permanent magnets; (b) use the formula for the force on a moving charge F qv B ; (c) use the equation F qvB sin magnetic flux density B; to define

16.2 Force on a moving charge

(d) describe the motion of a charged particle parallel and perpendicular to a uniform magnetic field; 16.3 Force on a currentcarrying conductor 3 (e) explain the existence of magnetic force on a straight current-carrying conductor placed in a uniform magnetic field; (f) 16.4 Magnetic fields due to currents 4 derive and use the equation F

IlB sin

(g) state Amperes law, and use it to derive the 0I magnetic field of a straight wire B ; 2r (h) use the formulae B and B for a circular coil 2r 0 nI for a solenoid;
0 NI

16.5 Force between two current-carrying conductors

(i)

derive and use the formula F

0 I1I 2l for the 2d force between two parallel current-carrying conductors;

16.6 Determination of the e ratio m

(j)

describe the motion of a charged particle in the presence of both magnetic and electric fields (for v, B and E perpendicular to each other);

(k) explain the principles of the determination of e for electrons in Thomsons the ratio m experiment (quantitative treatment is required); 16.7 Hall effect 2 (l) explain Hall effect, and derive an expression for Hall voltage VH ;

(m) state the applications of Hall effect.

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Topic 17 Electromagnetic Induction 17.1 Magnetic flux 17.2 Faradays law and Lenzs law

Teaching Period 18 1 8

Learning Outcome Candidates should be able to: (a) define magnetic flux as B A; (b) state and use Faradays law and Lenzs law; (c) derive and use the equation for induced e.m.f. in linear conductors and plane coils in uniform magnetic fields;

17.3 Self induction

(d) explain the phenomenon of self-induction, and define self-inductance; (e) use the formulae E (f)
L dI and LI dt N ;

derive and use the equation for the self2 0N A ; inductance of a solenoid L l

17.4 Energy stored in an inductor

(g) use the formula for the energy stored in an 1 2 inductor U LI ; 2 (h) explain the phenomenon of mutual induction, and define mutual inductance; (i) derive an expression for the mutual inductance between two coaxial solenoids of the same 0 N p Ns A cross-sectional area M . lp

17.5 Mutual induction

18 Alternating Current Circuits 18.1 Alternating current through a resistor

12

Candidates should be able to:

(a) explain the concept of the r.m.s. value of an alternating current, and calculate its value for the sinusoidal case only; (b) derive an expression for the current from V V0 sin t ; (c) explain the phase difference between the current and voltage for a pure resistor; (d) derive and use the formula for the power in an alternating current circuit which consists only of a pure resistor;

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Topic 18.2 Alternating current through an inductor

Teaching Period 3

Learning Outcome (e) derive an expression for the current from V V0 sin t ; (f) explain the phase difference between the current and voltage for a pure inductor;

(g) define the reactance of a pure inductor; (h) use the formula X L (i)

L;

derive and use the formula for the power in an alternating current circuit which consists only of a pure inductor; derive an expression for the current from V V0 sin t ;

18.3 Alternating current through a capacitor

(j)

(k) explain the phase difference between the current and voltage for a pure capacitor; (l) define the reactance of a pure capacitor;
1 ; C

(m) use the formula X C

(n) derive and use the formula for the power in an alternating current circuit which consists only of a pure capacitor; 18.4 R-C and R-L circuits in series 3 (o) define impedance; (p) use the formula Z
R2 (X L X C )2 ;

(q) sketch the phasor diagrams of R-C and R-L circuits.

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