Annotated Bibliography Primary Sources(13) Bernstein, Carl, and Woodward, Bob. All the President's Men.

New York: Simon and Schuster, 1974. Print. This book was written by Carl Bernstein and Bob Woodward who were Washington Post reporters that investigated the Watergate Scandal. It is written in a third perspective viewpoint but it clearly follows the path that the journalists took and the information they found. It is very valuable to have a first hand source about the scandal because then we can see how and what they found. It also clears up a lot of the misunderstanding that we may have about the topic because Bernstein and Woodward are the men that know this scandal the best. This book was published in the years immediately following the scandal so it is helpful to have a perspective from the public and see what they saw during the time. Bernstein, Carl, and Bob Woodward. "Forty Years Later, the Reporters Who Uncovered Watergate Say Nixon's Crimes Were Worse than They Knew."Washington Post 8 June 2012: n. pag. Global Issues in Context. Web. 21 Oct. 2012. <http://find.galegroup.com/gic/retrieve.do? sgHitCountType=None&sort=Relevance&tabID=T004&prodId=GIC&resultListType=R ESULT_LIST&searchId=R1&searchType=tPosition=2&qrySerId=Locale%28en%2C %2C%29%3AFQE%3D%28KE%2CNone%2C9%29watergate %24&userGroupName=bed&inPS=true&docId=A292397842&contentSet=IACDocuments&docId=A292397842&docType=IAC>. This is a great primary source, from The Washington Post, written by the two reporters who first broke the story of the Watergate Scandal, Carl Bernstein and Bob Woodward. Both reporters question how severe and impacting the scandal became in American history. They describe Watergate as a daring assault against the heart of American democracy, the Constitution, and the rule of law. In addition, the article states how in several interviews with David Frost, Nixon admitted that he let the American people down, but he denied any involvement in the cover-ups. The reporters come to a conclusion that Nixon had lost all moral authority as president. The secret tapes which were revealed will be his legacy. This source is extremely useful, as we are able to get an analysis of the scandal by Bernstein and Woodward, about 40 years after the scandal. The information put forth in this article will be a great addition to our project. The Watergate Scandal was a turning point in history, as it affected Nixon's legacy. Felt, W. Mark. "W. Mark Felt Interview." Interview by Marya McLaughlin, Fred Graham, and Ronald J. Axelrod. C-SPAN. C-SPAN, n.d. Web. 29 Sept. 2012. <http://www.c-spanvideo.org/program/187059-1>. This interview conducted in August 29th, 1976 is when Mark Felt had just gotten charged with the authorization of the break-ins. The interviewers are renowned CBS workers that specialize in the justice department. Felt is interrogated about his morals and how he

justifies his actions of allowing the break-ins. He tends to dodge the questions and rather than trying to justify himself, he tries to retain the FBIs honor. Felt does not actually give much information about what he did even though he says he has a moral obligation to let the public know what is actually happening. The credibility of this source is not fully credible because in order to save the FBIs respect, Felt may have distorted the information. It is interesting though because this interview was conducted before Felt revealed himself as Deep throat and before people had a different perception about him and his intentions. Overall this source was very helpful and it shows us what Mark Felt was thinking. "Frost/Nixon." Interview by David Frost and Richard Nixon. Frost/Nixon : The Original Watergate Interviews. N.d. Television. The Frost/Nixon interviews are an interview conducted by British reporter, David Frost in 1977, three years after Nixons resignation. Frost asks Nixon about his actions and whether or not he feels that he was obstructing justice. Nixon responds illogically and tries to make it seem as if he had no hand in the break in. He tries to make meaning out of Frosts words and gives answers that are ridiculously false. His past actions and the tapes clearly contradict what he is trying to say in the interviews. Frost acknowledges the differences and tries to get more answers from Nixon about his true motives and Nixon keeps on making up answers to try and prove his innocence. The way that Nixon still tries to cover up his actions is astonishing and it is disrespectful and shameful that he will not tell the truth to the people. The interviews were helpful in seeing how Nixon explains his actions and how he never accepted the fact that he was indeed deceitful to the public. "Leases upon Naval Oil Reserves and Activities of the Continental Trading Co. (LTD.) of Canada." American Decades Primary Sources. N.p.: n.p., n.d. N. pag. Gale U.S. History in Context. Web. 27 Oct. 2012. <http://ic.galegroup.com/ic/uhic/PrimarySourcesDetailsPage/PrimarySourcesDetailsWin dow? failOverType=&query=&prodId=UHIC&windowstate=normal&contentModules=&mod e=view&displayGroupName=PrimarySources&limiter=&currPage=&disableHighlightin g=false&source=&sortBy=&displayGroups=&search_within_results=&action =e&catId=&activityType=&scanId=&documentId=GALE|CX3490200511>. This is an excellent primary source that Congress released a report on the Teapot Dome Scandal in 1928. The most important and useful information which we received is that Congress debated as to whether the executive branch could impartially investigate other members of the presidential administration, in order to avoid another scandal. Therefore, Congressional skepticism forced President Coolidge to nominate two counsels in order to investigate possible wrongdoing in the executive branch for the future. This is great information, as we plan to research whether Nixon bribed these counsels in order to carry out the Watergate Scandal, making him and his administration even more corrupt. Watergate is a turning point in history as it was a corrupt, political scandal which remains prominent today.

Nixon, Richard. First Speech after Watergate. White House, Washington D.C. 30 April 1973. <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=765wvJWdaHw> This is the speech that President Nixon gave after the Watergate Scandal is first publicized. He addresses the issue and tries to protect his administration saying that they did not know about anything about the crime. He says his administration has honest people working who always try to do the best for the American People. His also talks about how this scandal hurt many of his colleagues and that they needed to resign. In general, he makes it seem as if the press is making a huge deal and pushing all the blame on him when he is innocent. It was useful to see one of Nixons speeches to the public because it helped us see how he convinced the public about his innocence and what parts he highlighted and what parts he left out. Listening to him address the public helped us get a better understanding on the peoples perspective. Smith, Robert M. "Before Deep Throat: The FBI Director Gave Me Explosive Information about Watergate Just Two Months after the Break-in, but It Never Made Its Way into the New York Times." American Journalism Review: n. pag. Criminal Justice eCollection. Web. 13 Oct. 2012. <http://go.galegroup.com/ps/ retrieve.do? sgHitCountType=None&sort=DASORT&inPS=true&prodId=PPCJ&userGroupName=b ed&tabID=T002&searchId=R1&resultListType=RESULT_LIST&contentSegment=&sea rchType=BasicSearchFormtPosition=14&contentSet=GALE| A202350151&&docId=GALE|A202350151&docType=GALE&role=>. This is an article written by Smith in the American Journalism Review who had a meeting with the FBI director, L. Patrick Gray. Just two months after the Watergate Scandal, Smith writes that Gray had come to him to explain how the President and the attorney general were involved in the scandal. Smith, who at the time worked at the New York Times, told his editor, Bob Phelps about his meeting with Gray. Smith also recorded his entire conversation with Phelps, explaining everything which Gray had leaked. Unfortunately, the New York Times did not first publish the news about the Watergate Scandal, as the editor had not the sent tape which Smith recorded. This was an incredibly interesting article, as I could not believe that the FBI director had leaked information about the scandal, way before Mark Felt. This is useful information to include, as it proves how journalism was affected by the scandal. "Tape 747 Conversations." Tape 747 Conversations. Nixon Library, n.d. Web. 14 Oct. 2012. <http://www.nixonlibrary.gov/forresearchers/find/tapes/tape747/tape747.php>. These are the original Nixon tapes that revealed Nixons true intentions. The mystery behind these tapes is constantly discussed because if Nixon did not want people to know that he had planned the break in, all he needed to do was to destroy the tapes. The reason that Nixon chose to keep the tapes will forever remain a mystery. The quality of these tapes are poor but they are comprehensible so they will be helpful to put in the website. Overall these tapes will be helpful to use in the website even if the words are not too clear.

"The National Archives." Larger Image. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Oct. 2012. <http://www.archives.gov/global-pages/largerimage.html?i=/education/lessons/watergateconstitution/images/memo-01-l.jpg>. This is the original document that the Justice Department published stating the conviction of Richard Nixon. The most important part of this document is the fact that it boldly asserts that the President, just like any other American citizen is subject to the law and that he must also follow the law. It also clearly lists the constitutional points that Richard Nixon did not follow. This is a useful source to put in the website because it clearly shows how this event is a turning point in history and what laws that Nixon broke. The Woodward and Bernstein Watergate Papers. Http://www.hrc.utexas.edu. University of Texas, n.d. Web. 29 Sept. 2012. <http://www.hrc.utexas.edu/exhibitions/web/woodstein/post/>. This is an online exhibit set up by the Harry Ransom Center in the University of Texas. It has numerous government documents that were published during the time period of the Watergate Scandal like all the news stories and notes. It will be very helpful to us when setting up the website because we can include it in the pages with a description. This source does not have too much actual information regarding the Scandal, it has a plethora of real documents that were associated with this event. It is funded by the University of Texas, so it is a scholarly collection that seeks no profit but wants to share the information. Overall, this exhibition will be very helpful when constructing the actual website. Woodward, Bob. The Secret Man: The Story of Watergate's Deep Throat. New York: Simon, 2005. Print. This is a book written by Bob Woodward who provides details about The Washington Post and his expose on the Watergate Scandal. In addition, the book provides in-depth details of how Woodward discovers Deep Throat, or Mark Felt. Felt was an FBI officer who worked closely with Nixon. The book describes how Woodward would meet Felt in secret meeting places, such as a parking garage in order to exchange valuable information to be published in the newspaper. This source is extremely useful, as it goes into detail about the aftermath of Watergate and how it has affected the years beyond the scandal. This information will be helpful to prove that Watergate is a turning point in history because of the detrimental effects which followed. Woodward, Bob, and Carl Bernstein. All the Presidents Men. Gale U.S. History in Context. Gale, n.d. Web. 29 Sept. 2012. <http://ic.galegroup.com/ic/uhic/PrimarySourcesDetailsPage/PrimarySourcesDetailsWin dow? failOverType=&query=&prodId=UHIC&windowstate=normal&contentModules=&mod e=view&displayGroupName=PrimarySources&limiter=&currPage=&disableHighlightin g=true&source=&sortBy=&displayGroups=&action=e&catId=&activityType=&scanId= &documentId=GALE%7CCX3490201553>.

This is an excerpt taken from the book, All the Presidents Men, by the reporters who first broke the news of the Watergate Scandal, Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein. The excerpt provides great background information about the scandal. In addition, the source provides information on how persistent Woodward and Bernstein were to investigate the scandal. They were eager to publish information which was leaked by government officials who were involved in the investigation. The source emphasizes how the media played an important part in the scandal, and their media coverage helped to usher in a new era of public cynicism toward government actions. The Watergate Scandal was a crucial turning point in our history, as it greatly damaged the faith most Americans had before the scandal. Woodward, Bob. "Bob Woodward On 'The Secret Man' Of Watergate." Interview. Npr.org. PBS, 19 Dec. 2008. Web. 29 Sept. 2012. <http://www.npr.org/2008/12/19/98502164/bob-woodward-on-the-secret-man-ofwatergate>. This interview was conducted after Mark Felt revealed himself as Deep Throat. Woodward talks about how he tried to protect Felts identity and how much Felt jeopardized to help him. Woodward says that the reason Felt decided to help was because he believed the actions of the Nixon administration was illegal and he was frustrated because he was not promoted to the head of the FBI by Nixon when he obviously deserved it. Felts frustration at Nixon propelled him to reveal the Presidents secrets but he did not want to jeopardize his career, so he decided to stay anonymous. During this interview, Woodward also talks about modern journalism and how his work influenced the whole idea of an anonymous source. Now, it is required to give a reason on why the source wants to stay anonymous. Woodward says that that would have been impossible in his case because if he had to give a reason, Felts identity would have been revealed. But he also says that it is very useful to have an anonymous source because that is the way that secret information can be revealed. Overall this interview was helpful because it was interesting to hear Woodward talk about why and how he protected Felts identity and how this helped his investigation. Secondary Sources(42) "1972 Presidential Election." 1972 Presidential Election. Gerhard Peters, n.d. Web. 08 Oct. 2012. <http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/showelection.php?year=1972>. This is a map of how the states voted during the 1972 Presidential election. It is quite astonishing because the only state that did not vote for Richard Nixon was Massachusetts. Even though the scandal happened in the June of 1972 it showed how much support Nixon still had. This blind faith in presidents had been a part of the American nature and belief that their leaders are inherently good people who will always do the best for the country. It is shocking to see that only one state possibly saw Nixons hand in the break in and voted against him. This blind faith in a the President is challenged by the Watergate Scandal and is one of the main turning points because now, people and the

media attempt to get to the bottom of such mysteries and present the most honest information. "Bombing of Cambodia." Ohiohistorycentral.org. N.p., 1 July 2005. Web. 27 Oct.2012. <http://www.ohiohistorycentral.org/entry.php?rec=1611>. This source explains Nixon's association with the bombing raids in Cambodia. Nixon authorized these secret bombing raids in Cambodia, which resulted in great opposition from the United States. Nixon hoped that bombing the supply routes in Cambodia would weaken the United States' enemies. Even further, Nixon ordered U.S. troops to occupy parts of Cambodia, claiming that they were protecting the U.S.'s withdrawal from South Vietnam, which ensued even more destruction. Americans were widely against the Vietnam War. This source is useful in conducting our arguments for our outline. The information supports that Nixon was an unethical politician, causing the Watergate Scandal, a turning point in history. Clift, Eleanor. "Chuck Colson Obituary: His Road to Redemption." The Daily Beast. Newsweek/Daily Beast, 21 Apr. 2012. Web. 08 Oct. 2012. <http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2012/04/21/chuck-colson-obituary-his-road-toredemption.html>. This article informs the death about Chuck Colson who was one of Nixons most trusted advisers. He is knows as one of the most ethic less man in US history for the deeds he did for Nixon. Colson wrote the Enemies List for Nixon in the beginning of his presidency as the people he had to get back at. Colson also carried out other illegal activities for the President like but the one related to the Watergate Scandal is acting as a plumber to stop the leak of information. Colson lied and shut many people up to try and keep the White House away from the Scandal. Colson served seven months in prison for his crimes. During this time, he started devoutly believing in Christianity and spent the rest of his life promoting morals and repenting for the crimes he committed during his time with Nixon. Campbell, W. Joseph. Who, or What, Brought down Nixon? Mediamythalert.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 Sept. 2012. <http://mediamythalert.wordpress.com/2011/01/24/who-or-whatbrought-down-nixon/>. The website, Mediamythalert.com, offers an analysis of how the media played an integral part in reporting about the Watergate Scandal. The article boasts several, well-cited quotes which support the articles intention to inform the reader on how journalism contributed to the scandal. The article summarizes as to how Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein uncovered this scandal, and they identify how the story is deeply engrained and recognized in American journalism. It explains further on how the Nixon Administration was destroyed by the Washington Post, which was the newspaper that first broke the news of the scandal. All these pieces of information are essential to our project in order to understand how the media played a huge part in the scandal. Therefore this provides a turning point in history, as journalism and the media are strengthened after the Watergate Scandal.

Currie, Duncan. "Watergate Story." Rev. of The Strong Man: John Mitchell and the Secrets of Watergate, by James Rosen. National Review: n. pag. Global Issues in Context. Web. 21 Oct. 2012. <http://find.galegroup.com/gic/retrieve.do? sgHitCountType=None&sort=DateDescend&tabID=T003&prodId=GIC&resultListType =RESULT_LIST&searchId=R1&searchType=tPosition=22&qrySerId=Locale%28en %2C%2C%29%3AFQE%3D%28KE%2CNone%2C9%29watergate %24&userGroupName=bed&inPS=true&docI d=A184482464&contentSet=IACDocuments&docId=A184482464&docType=IAC>. This is an excellent book review by Currie, who reviewed, The Strong Man: John Mitchell and the Secrets of Watergate. John Mitchell was Nixon's attorney general, and the review describes he was the highest-ranking government official ever to be convicted on criminal charges. Mitchell had resigned from the Nixon Administration in 1972, a few months before the Watergate Scandal occurred. The source states that Mitchell had presumably given the order to break-in at the Democratic National Committee headquarters. The reviewer also indicates that Mitchell was "the fall guy," whom Nixon had betrayed. Also, the source states that Mitchell participated in the cover-up of the scandal. This is an extremely useful source, as Mitchell worked very closely with Nixon before the months of the scandal. We hope to do further research on him, and link him to how he was involved in Watergate, a turning point in our history. "E. Howard Hunt." Washingtonpost.org. Washington Post, n.d. Web. 21 Oct. 2012. <http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/onpolitics/watergate/howardhunt.html>. This source evaluates the key players involved in the Watergate Scandal, and in particular this article focuses on E. Howard Hunt. The article states that Hunt was a "plumber", the secret team which was assembled to stop government leaks. He reportedly organized the bugging of the Democratic headquarters in the Watergate Scandal. Apparently, Hunt's phone number in the address books which belonged to the Watergate burglars, helped reporters connect the break-in to the president. This is great information as it helps to further understand the actual break-in of Watergate. In addition, we are able to connect how the Watergate Scandal influenced the role of the news media, and thus, was a turning point. Emery, Fred. Watergate: The Corruption of American Politics and the Fall of Richard Nixon. New York: Times, 1994. Print. This book is a very good analysis of the Watergate Scandal and all the crimes that were associated with the scandal. It explains the incident in a very simple way so it is a good tool to check out information with. Emery writes in a harsh tone towards Nixon but in reality there is no other way to address the late President and his actions. Emery also successfully depicts the agony that Nixon went through in his personal life once he realized resignation was unavoidable. Additionally, Emery explores Nixons personality and tries to inform the audience why Nixon would do this. This book was really helpful in straightening out the facts and getting a understanding the whole scandal better. Some

specific chapters also tried to really define the significance of the scandal so they were really useful. Feldstein, Mark. Watergate Revisited. Ajr.org. American Journalism Review, n.d. Web. 23 Sept. 2012. <http://www.ajr.org/article.asp?id=3735>. Ajr.org provides an in-depth analysis of how journalism played a pertinent role in the Watergate Scandal. American Journalism Review is a national magazine which analyzes ethical dilemmas and brings forth essential and valuable information through in-depth reporting. The article describes the journalism team of Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein, who first broke the news of the scandal, and how they contributed to the downfall of Nixon. The article further continues in voicing how Nixon attempted to cover up the scandal, but was unsuccessful due to the media and news coverage. The media was able to make information available to the people about the happenings concerning the scandal. This source is very useful as it provides, in detail, the effect of the Watergate Scandal on journalism. The scandal is a turning point in history because it influenced journalism and it gave way to strengthen the media and news coverage. "FOIA (Freedom of Information Act)." American Decades. Vol. 8. Detroit: n.p.,n.d. N. pag. Gale U.S. History in Context. Web. 7 Oct. 2012.<http://ic.galegroup.com/ic/uhic/ReferenceDetailsPage/ReferenceDetailsWindow? failOverType=&query=&prodId=UHIC&windowstate=normal&contentModules=&mod e=view&displayGroupName=Reference&limiter=&currPage=&disableHighlighting=true &source=&sortBy=&displayGroups=&action=e&catId=&activityType=&scanId=&docu mentId=GALE%7CCX3403300312>. This article from the Gale database describes the Freedom of Information Act, which limits the ability of the United States federal government agencies to withhold information from the public. This act became extremely significant after the news of the Watergate Scandal. After the scandal, Congress passed the Privacy Act which restricts the authority of agencies to collect information on individuals. Both of these acts are useful to our project as they broadened access to federal files in the 1970's. In addition, the Freedom of Information Act continues to be intact today, which is an everlasting effect of the Watergate Scandal, and thus, a turning point in history. Gorman, Bill, Carrie Antlfinger Antlfinger, and John Mone. Watergate Scandal Still Leaves Questions 40 Years Later. Huffingtonpost.com. TheHuffingtonPost.com, n.d. Web. 29 Sept. 2012. <http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/06/16/watergate-40-yearanniversary_n_1602611.html>. The article in the Huffington Post analyzes as to why Richard Nixon plotted this scandal. The source contains quotes from former Watergate prosecutor, Richard Ben-Veniste and former counsel, John Dean III. The article delves deep into the understandings of the scandal. It states that Nixon had continuously denied his involvement in the affair, and he continued to cover the entire scandal up. The article raises the significance of the Nixon tapes, and Ben-Veniste states that the system would not have worked had the president

not taped himself. This article is extremely useful, as it uncovers the reason as to why Nixon did what he did. We will be able to use all of this information in our project in order to prove that the Watergate Scandal is a turning point in history. Greenberg, David. "Beyond Deep Throat: Other Watergate Mysteries Remain, and the Woodstein Archives Are Full of Clues." Columbia Journalism Review: n. pag. Criminal Justice eCollection. Web. 13 Oct. 2012.<http://go.galegroup.com/ps/retrieve.do? sgHitCountType=None&sort=DASORT&inPS=true&prodId=PPCJ&userGroupName=b ed&tabID=T002&searchId=R1&resultListType=RESULT_LIST&contentSegment=&sea rchType=BasicSearchFormtPosition=37&contentSet=GALE %7CA136709497&&docId=GALE|A136709497&docType=GALE&role=>. This article from a scholarly journal, Columbia Journalism Review, analyzes how important the Washington Post's reporting was to the exposure of the full Watergate Scandal. In addition, the article states how the Harry Ransom Center at the University of Texas at Austin houses interview notes from the newspaper stories and contains manuscript drafts. This source shuffles through these primary documents releasing information which they had found. The source describes how some critics charged that the reporting of Woodward and Bernstein was so intimate, that they might have embellished it. Though, the source guarantees that the book matches directly to the primary source documents which were found. This source is extremely helpful as it contains several primary sources we can look for, especially the documents. The Watergate is a turning point in history, as it helped to expose journalism in a new light. Greenberg, David. Nixon Speaks. Gale U.S. History in Context. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 Sept. 2012. <http://ic.galegroup.com/ic/uhic/AcademicJournalsDetailsPage/AcademicJournalsDetails Window? failOverType=&query=&prodId=UHIC&windowstate=normal&contentModules=&mod e=view&displayGroupName=Journals&limiter=&currPage=&disableHighlighting=true& source=&sortBy=&displayGroups=&jsid=&userGroupName=bed&action=e&catId=&ac tivityType=&scanId=&documentId=GALE%7CA286107571>. This source from the Gale Database provides the parts of Nixons legacy which emerge to the public as important. The source names these parts as to how Nixon abused his power, his penchant for secrecy, and his political tactics. The article delves into the presidency of Nixon and the type of person he reflected. In addition, the article says there was an outcry of Americans as President Ford pardoned Nixon. Americans believed no one should be above the law. This source is useful, as we will be able to use these points in our project to reflect on how Nixon was as a president. Many people believed he abused his power, which we will further research. This source supports our thesis, as the Watergate Scandal was a turning point in history. Greenberg, David. Nixon's Shadow: The History of an Image. New York: W.W. Norton, 2003. Print.

This is a book about Richard Nixon and his whole presidency. It talks about his personality and all the illegalities he did while he was President including the South Asian wars and Watergate. It studies Nixon as a person and analyzes his action. It also gives an additional perspective on how the people viewed him as president and just sums up his image. It is going to be helpful to see how people viewed him in general see how different he turned out to be than expectations. Studying Nixon will help us gain an understanding of what he was thinking when he ordered the burglars to break into Watergate. It will allow us to see his personality and see how it matches up with his action. Holland, Max. "Watergate Reconsidered: The Press' Role Was Important in Unearthing the Scandal, but It Wasn't Nearly as Overarching as Earlier Assessments Suggested." American Journalism Review: n. pag. Criminal Justice eCollection. Web. 13 Oct. 2012. <http://go.galegroup.com/ps/retrieve.do? sgHitCountType=None&sort=DASORT&inPStrue&prodId=PPCJ&userGroupName=be d&tabID=T002&searchId=R1&resultListType=RESULT_LIST&contentSegment=&sear chType=BasicSearchFormtPosition=1&contentSet=GALE %7CA303975396&&docId=GALE|A303975396&docType=GALE&role=>. This article from the notable, American Journalism Review, discusses how Mark Felt played an integral part in the Watergate Scandal. It describes how Felt had never originally wanted to betray Nixon, though his eagerness to be promoted to the FBI director became prominent and thus, leaked about the scandal. The source further describes how Watergate is ranked as the single most successful use of news media. In the first five months after the break-in, the news media kept the story alive which was a successful accomplishment, as it showed perseverance to tell the truth to the people. This source is extremely useful as it goes into further detail to describe how journalism played an important role in the Watergate Scandal. In addition, it gives information about Mark Felt and how he played a role in the scandal. The Watergate Scandal is a turning point in history as it heavily influenced and strengthened the news media. Pear, Robert. "WATERGATE, THEN AND NOW; 2 Decades After a Political Burglary, the Questions Still Linger." New York Times 15 June 1992. The New York Times. Web. 8 Oct. 2012. This article published by the New York Times revisits the questions of Watergate that have cannot be answered and probably will never be. The reason for the break in is quite straightforward but what specific plans did Nixon want to hear from the Democrats? Experts think that Nixon wanted to know how much the Democrats knew about the relationship between Donald Nixon (Richard Nixons brother) and Howard Hughes (a billionaire). It is said that Nixons brother was involved in illegal activities with Hughes which could result in embarrassment for the president. Additionally, Nixon also wanted to know what the Democrats were thinking and how they were going to attack the specific important events that occurred during the time. The question of the identity of Deep Throat is also a lingering question. At this time, experts had already determined that Deep Throat was an important official from the FBI who gave all the information to

expose the dirty secrets of the White House, This article was helpful in seeing the issues of the Watergate Scandal that have not been solved yet and perhaps will never be. Perry, James M. "Watergate Case Study." Watergate Case Study. Columbia University, n.d. Web. 21 Oct. 2012. <http://www.columbia.edu/itc/journalism/j6075/edit/readings/watergate.html>. This is an article about the effects that Watergate had on journalism. It gives a brief background on Carl Bernstein and Bob Woodward then talked about how they relentlessly worked for the Washington post and how they produced a story of such excellence. This article also talks about how revolutionary the ideas of anonymous sources were and how well the reporters used them in their investigation. Perry explores the profound strategy of Bernstein and Woodward and how effective it was for this story. This article is going to be really helpful in analyzing the journalism/media aspect of the project because it analyzes the effects on modern journalism appropriately. Saxon, Wolfgang. "DONALD NIXON, 72, DIES IN CALIFORNIA." New York Times 30 June 1987. The New York Times. Web. 8 Oct. 2012. This article informs the public about the death of Donald Nixon, President Richard Nixons brother. Donald Nixon was a businessman who was the vice president of the Marriott Corporations. Mr. Nixon had tried many ways to be successful in business, but had failed in most of them. Donald Nixon first came in the news in Richard Nixons loss against John F. Kennedy in 1960. It was revealed that Donald Nixon had borrowed $205,000 from billionaire Howard Hughes to save his restaurants, which was unsuccessful. The dealings between Donald Nixon and Hughes were a point that the public was suspicious of and possibly cost President Nixon his victory in the 1960 Presidential Elections and the 1962 Governor of California elections. It is believed that the main reason President Nixon wanted to tap the Democrats was because he wanted to see how much they knew about Donald Nixon. Overall, Donald Nixon was an embarrassment for Nixon and was the reason for the Watergate Scandal. Shepard, Alicia. "The Journalism Watergate Inspired Is Now Endangered." Nytimes.com. New York Times, 13 June 2012. Web. 21 Oct. 2012. <http://www.nytimes.com/roomfordebate/2012/06/13/did-any-good-come-ofwatergate/the-journalism-watergate-inspired-is-endangered-now>. This article is addresses the novel type of aggressive style that the Watergate Story introduced to journalism. The ambitious and harsh journalism that Bernstein and Woodward practiced while revealing the scandal is now slowly fading away. Shepard argues that because journalism is not losing its edge, it is becoming more bland and less informative. Additionally, the attitude towards anonymous sources has changed and now journalists are usually required to give some kind of explanation for why the source wants to stay anonymous. This should not be the case because anonymous sources must get a reassurance that they will not be identified. Only after this reassurance, the anonymous sources will tell all the information they want and will be the most helpful

like deep throat was. This article describes the style of journalism that the Watergate scandal introduced and how it is very effective. Smith, Sean. "Watergate's Legacy." Watergate's Legacy. Boston College, n.d. Web. 14 Oct. 2012. <http://www.bc.edu/bc_org/rvp/pubaf/chronicle/v5/My8/watergate.html>. This is an article written by a staff writer from Boston College. It analyzes the effects that the Watergate Scandal had in US politics. The author interviews three professors and they all agreed that one of the most important effects of the Watergate scandal was making people realize how dirty politics could be. After seeing how dirty and dishonest politics was, the people started taking reforms to a new level because they realized that some of the people were not even working for them. Additionally, broadcast journalism was also greatly affected from Watergate. Before Watergate, the people did not see government official at all, even in television. During Watergate, many news channels, such as CBS, conducted interviews of numerous government officials and made it available to the people. This allowed people to be more in touch with the politics of their country and understand it better. The Watergate Scandal had numerous political and social effects that distinguished it as one of the major historical events in the 20th century. Spillius, Alex. "What Richard Nixon Knew about Watergate: Forensic Experts Investigate."Telegraph.co.uk. Telegraph Media Group, 19 Nov. 2009. Web. 30 Sept. 2012. <http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/northamerica/usa/6608529/WhatRichard-Nixon-knew-about-Watergate-forensic-experts-investigate.html>. This article talks about an investigation that is going on about what Nixon said in a meeting with the White House officials three days after his campaign members were arrested. There is a taping of this conversation but about twenty minutes of it has not been recorded. Experts are going to use the notes that Nixons staff member was taking. It is expected that the President had inquired about the knowledge of the rest of White House about the crime but experts have not confirmed this hypothesis. This story was helpful because it shows how Nixon was fully aware of the deceit and how even as he was getting investigated,, he tried to shut the mouths of the people that may know more. It confirms Nixons intentions and his illegal ways to get what he wanted. "Teapot Dome Scandal." Spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk. Spartacus Educational, n.d. Web. 27 Oct. 2012. <http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAteapot.htm>. This website provides an excellent overview of the Teapot Dome Scandal. President Taft planned to set aside government owned land and its oil reserves for the United States Navy in 1912. The source then states that Congress passed a bill granting the Secretary of Navy could have the power to use, store, or sell the oil and gas products from the naval reserves in order to benefit the United States. In 1921, President Harding ordered Albert Fall, Secretary of the Interior to convince the Secretary of the Navy to turn over the control of the oil fields to him. Harding and Fall leased these oil reserve fields, the Teapot Dome fields, to an oil operator. In addition, the source states that attempts were made to keep this deal a secret, but due to the news media, the scandal broke out. The source later

compares the Teapot Dome Scandal to the Watergate Scandal. Up until Watergate, the Teapot Dome Scandal was the number one scandal in America. Though, Watergate later took over this spot, as it was primarily a scandal of the misuse of power, whereas Teapot Dome was purely out of greediness. This site is extremely useful, as it provides great information on the Teapot Scandal, which we will need in order to compare it to the severity of Watergate. Watergate was a turning point, as it was a scandal of pure corruption in American history. "The Final Days Review." Rev. of The Final Days. n.d.: n. pag. Kirkusreviews.com. Kirkus, 1 May 1976. Web. 21 Oct. 2012. <https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/bobwoodward/the-final-days/#review>. This book review summarizes the book and talks about the effect that it gave to the readers. In the final days of his Presidency, Nixon was at absolute personal and professional mess. His family life was falling apart and his professional life was tainted with the Watergate Scandal. The dramatic and devastating reality of Nixons life during the end of his Presidency shows how much he, himself, was hurt and affected by the scandal. This book review helped summarize the book and the way it was written and how it left the reader feeling. This book is relevant to our topic because it is important to see what was happening in Nixons life by his actions. It is important to understand that the Watergate Scandal did not only hurt Nixons professional life but equally ruined his personal life as well. "The History Place - Impeachment: Richard Nixon." The History Place - Impeachment: Richard Nixon. The HIstory Place, 2000. Web. 03 Oct. 2012. <http://www.historyplace.com/unitedstates/impeachments/nixon.htm>. This source gave an in depth overview of the whole situation and clarified a few events for us. For example, we were not too sure what the Watergate Plumbers were and after reading this source, we realized that they were the burglars. This source also specifies on why Nixon was impeached and the other crimes that he committed. By understanding the other crimes Nixon committed, it is easier to see why the Watergate Scandal was a turning point in history and why Nixon was impeached. The website says how new and strange it was for bribery and break ins to happen and how this had never happened before. The website also lists the Articles of Impeachment that Nixons impeachment was based on and how he did every one of them. This source is from the website, historyplace.com, which is a credible source put together by historians. The Media and Watergate. American Decades. Vol. 8. Detriot: n.p., 2001. N. pag. Gale U. Web. 29 Sept. 2012. <http://ic.galegroup.com/ic/uhic/ReferenceDetailsPage/ReferenceDetailsWindow? failOverType=&query=&prodId=UHIC&windowstate=normal&contentModules=&mod e=view&displayGroupName=Reference&limiter=&currPage=&disableHighlighting=true &source=&sortBy=&displayGroups=&action=e&catId=&activityType=&scanId=&docu mentId=GALE%7CCX3468302783>.

This is an article from a reference source titled, American Decades, which explains the Watergate Scandal and its effect on the media and news coverage. The source indicates there was severe media scrutiny which became intense due to the newspaper stories by Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein. The Washington Post editor insisted that information be verified, which led to Woodward and Bernstein using questionable methods in order to retrieve the most reliable and truthful information possible. These details will be useful, as it shows how dedicated the media was in order to break the story and give information to the American people. The scandal also increased televised programs in order to broadcast important hearings. The Watergate Scandal proved to be a turning point, as it dramatically increased the media and news coverage. Murray, Michael D. "Author Examines Investigative Journalism 40 Years after Watergate Scandal." Rev. of Watergate's Legacy and the Press: The Investigative Impulse, by Jon Marshall. Gateway Journalism Review: n. pag. Academic OneFile. Web. 21 Oct. 2012. <http://go.galegroup.com/ps/retrieve.do? sgHitCountType=None&sort=DASORT&inPS=true&prodId=AONE&userGroupName= bed&tabID=T002&searchId=R1&resultListType=RESULT_LIST&contentSegment=&s earchType=BasicSearchFormtPosition=8&contentSet=GALE| A300652101&&docId=GALE|A300652101&docType=GALE&role=>. This source was found on the database, Academic OneFile, includes a book review on, Watergate's Legacy and the Press: The Investigative Impulse, by Jon Marshall. The source states that the book analyzes how investigative reporting provided a great connection to the biggest political story, The Watergate Scandal. The book refrains from simply examining Bernstein and Woodward, and instead, focuses in on examining other investigative reporters like Katherine Graham and Walter Cronkite. This information is useful, as we've been currently focusing solely on Bernstein and Woodward. Even though this source does not delve deeper into the information in the book, this source offers us a great book title to check out from the library. We are eager to analyze and incorporate the information within the book into our project. The Watergate Scandal is a turning point in history because it allowed the news media and journalism to strengthen dramatically. "The 1970's: Government and Politics: Overview." American Decades. Vol. 8. Detroit: n.p., n.d. N. pag. Gale U.S. History in Context. Web. 6 Oct.2012.<http://ic.galegroup.com/ic/uhic/ReferenceDetailsPage/ReferenceDetailsWindo w? failOverType=&query=&prodId=UHIC&windowstate=normal&contentModules=&mod e=view&displayGroupName=Reference&limiter=&currPage=&disableHighlighting=true &source=&sortBy=&displayGroups=&action=e&catId=&activityType=&scanId=&docu mentId=GALE%7CCX3468302684>. This is an excellent context source from American Decades, which gives an overview of the government and politics in the 1970s. The source concentrates heavily on American power abroad. It describes several details about the Vietnam War, which America was unable to win. The United States depended on foreign oil, which later left them at the mercy of two oil shortages during this decade. The source further discusses the Cold War,

Congress, Watergate, and several other issues. This context source is excellent, as it discusses how the authority of Congress decreases during the Watergate Scandal. This piece of information is useful, as we can further delve deep into how Congress' power decreased because of the scandal. Furthermore, the context source indicates how the American people became tired of the big and controlling government. Watergate is a turning point in our history because it caused several political and governmental changes in the 1970's. "The 1970s Government, Politics, and Law: Topics in the News." American Decades. Vol. 8. Detroit: n.p., n.d. N. pag. Gale U.S. History in Context. Web. 7 Oct. 2012. <http://ic.galegroup.com/ic/uhic/ReferenceDetailsPage/ReferenceDetailsWindow? failOverType=&query=&prodId=UHIC&windowstate=normal&contentModules=&mod e=view&displayGroupName=Reference&limiter=&currPage=&disableHighlighting=true &source=&sortBy=&displayGroups=&action=e&catId=&activityType=&scanId=&docu mentId=GALE%7CCX3436900423>. This context source from the Gale database shares insightful information of the 1970's concerning the Vietnam War, Watergate, Roe vs. Wade, and the Iran Hostage Crisis. The source describes how the opposition to the Vietnam War strained the relationship between President Nixon and Congress. In addition, students at Kent State University began antiwar protests about the Vietnam War and later were shot by guardsmen. The article states how public cynicism about politics not only affected President Nixon, but also his successors, Ford and Carter. These pieces of information are essential to our project because we are able to take into account the happenings of the time and incorporate this into our project. The most useful information is how Ford and Carter would also be affected by the Watergate Scandal. The scandal was a turning point in history because it affected Nixon's presidential successors. Perlstein, Rick. Nixonland: The Rise of a President and the Fracturing of America. New York: Scribner, 2008. Print. This book written by Rick Perlstein is a great context source analyzing the 1970's, as well as analyzing the detrimental effects which followed after the Watergate Scandal. The book captures America in the 1960's and 1970's, and it reveals how President Nixon rose to the presidency. In addition, it provides great information on the scandal, itself. The most important and useful information which we can retrieve from this source is how the political world changed largely. The book delves deep into the presidencies after the Watergate Scandal, including the presidency of George W. Bush. The Watergate Scandal was a turning point in history because it largely affected the political world. "A Powerful, Flawed Reporting Giant." Rev. of Poisoning the Press Richard Nixon, Jack Anderson, and the Rise of Washington's Scandal Culture, by Mark Lisheron. American Journalism Review: n. pag. Criminal Justice eCollection.Web. 13 Oct. 2012.<http://go.galegroup.com/ps/retrieve.do? sgHitCountType=None&sort=DASORT&inPS=true&prodId=PPCJ&userGroupName=b ed&tabID=T002&searchId=R1&resultListType=RESULT_LIST&contentSegment=&sea

rchType=BasicSearchFormtPosition=9&contentSet=GALE| A245543281&&docId=GALE|A245543281&docType=GALE&role=>. This source is a book review by Mark Lisheron who introduces Jack Anderson, the most famous reporter in the world. The source states that he was so popular that Nixon had discussed with his staff to have him killed, afraid he would be the reporter to break news about the Watergate Scandal. As Anderson began to investigate the beginnings of the story, Nixon planned to murder the reporter by tampering with his car. The reviewer, Lisheron, criticizes the author of the book to adequately explain how or why Anderson had failed miserably to get on top of Watergate and break the news. This source is useful, as it introduced a new reporter to our project. Even though he did not play a prominent role, it is best to research more on Anderson. This review proves that the Watergate was a turning point in history, as journalism was viewed as a threat to Nixon, because he threatened to kill Anderson. Schudson, Michael. "Notes on Scandal and the Watergate Legacy." American Behavioral Scientist: n. pag. Abstract. Criminal Justice eCollection. Web.13 Oct. 2012. <http://go.galegroup.com/ps/retrieve.do? sgHitCountType=None&sort=DASORT&inPS=true&prodId=PPCJ&userGroupName=b ed&tabID=T002&searchId=R1&resultListType=RESULT_LIST&contentSegment=&sea rchType=BasicSearchFormtPosition=54&contentSet=GALE %7CA115497231&&docId=GALE|A115497231&docType=GALE&role=> This article from the American Behavioral Scientist is an excellent source which discusses the impact of Watergate on American politics. It focuses on how Watergate initiated a series of political scandals, from those of Iran-Contra, Whitewater, and Monica Lewinsky. Even though this is an author abstract, I hope to find the true article and delve deep into the three political scandals which followed after Watergate. This information is essential to our project as it analyzes how Watergate is a turning point in history because of the countless number of political scandals which followed. Sittenfeld, Curtis. "Expletives Deleted." Rev. of Watergate, by Thomas Mallon. New York Times Book Review: n. pag. Global Issues in Context. Web. 21 Oct. 2012. <http://find.galegroup.com/gic/retrieve.do? sgHitCountType=None&sort=DateDescend&tabID=T003&prodId=GIC&resultListType =RESULT_LIST&searchId=R1&searchType=tPosition=7&qrySerId=Locale%28en %2C%2C%29%3AFQE%3D%28KE%2CNone%2C9%29watergate %24&userGroupName=bed&inPS=true&docId=A281949677&contentSet=IACDocuments&docId=A281949677&docType=IAC>. This is a review of the book, Watergate by Thomas Mallon, which contains great insight into the people who were involved in the scandal. The reviewer states that Mallon questions who were trying to achieve what with the break-ins. Mallon made a list of "The Players", about 112 names of people who were involved in the scandal. One of the most insightful people he mentions was Rose Mary Woods, Nixon's secretary who erased the tapes. In addition, the review mentions Elliot Richardson, who served as Nixon's

Secretary of Defense, who reportedly had his own presidential ambitions. This review was especially useful, as we feel these two people are especially important in analyzing Watergate, and thus, hope to find more information on them. We hope to find the motives of each person, in regards to the scandal, and how they contributed to the turning point in history...the Watergate Scandal. Steele, Jim, Donald Barlett, and Charles Lewis. "Investigative Journalism:Watergate's Legacy & beyond." Interview by Tracey Matisak. Whyy.org. WHYY, n.d. Web. 27 Oct. 2012. <http://whyy.org/cms/radiotimes/2012/06/20/investigative-journalism-watergates-legacybeyond/>. This is an interview by Tracey Matisak, who analyzes how the Watergate Scandal changed journalism, and the public perception of it. She interviews several journalists who provide their input on the subject. They delve deep into how investigate journalism has changed since then, and also analyzes what great investigative journalism continues today. The source contains how reporters, Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein, are still recognized for their contribution to journalism today. They challenged information to fight the abuses of power. Their reporting was the high water mark for credibility and public respect. This is great information which we are able to use in our outline, as we continue to research why the Watergate Scandal it a turning point in history, due to its impact on the journalism community. Tricky Dick Revisited. Macleans 25 June 2012: n. pag. Gale U.S. Web. 29 Sept. 2012. <http://ic.galegroup.com/ic/uhic/MagazinesDetailsPage/MagazinesDetailsWindow? failOverType=&query=&prodId=UHIC&windowstate=normal&contentModules=&mod e=view&displayGroupName=Magazines&limiter=&currPage=&disableHighlighting=tru e&source=&sortBy=&displayGroups=&action=e&catId=&activityType=&scanId=&doc umentId=GALE%7CA294900851>. This article from the magazine, Macleans, gives a short, but insightful analysis on the effects of the Watergate Scandal. They claim the effects of the scandal was a war against the anti-Vietnam War movement, the news media, the Democrats, the justice system, and also history itself, as Nixon tried to cover up his actions. These are very insightful points which we must pick apart and examine individually for our project. This information will be very useful in order to lead us into a certain direction to research. The Watergate Scandal is a turning point in history as it had several foreign, political, and media effects. "Watergate and Afterward: The Legacy of Richard M. Nixon." Rev. of Richard M. Nixon: Politician, President, Administrator, by Robert D. Parmet. Historian: n. pag. Criminal Justice eCollection. Web. 13 Oct. 2012.<http://go.galegroup.com/ps/retrieve.do? sgHitCountType=None&sort=RELEVANCE&inPS=true&prodId=PPCJ&userGroupNa me=bed&tabID=T002&searchId=R2&resultListType=RESULT_LIST&contentSegment =&searchType=BasicSearchFormtPosition=55&contentSet=GALE %7CA14241321&&docId=GALE|A14241321&docType=GALE&role=>.

This is a book review by Robert D. Parmet who notes the Nixon administration's achievements and its corruption. The source describes how the book offers much perspective, but little revelation. Furthermore, it states how several notable personalities have been trying to learn about Lawrence F. O'Brien, the chairman of the Democratic National Committee. Apparently, Nixon wanted his staff to break into O'Brien's office, as many people had told Nixon that they were sure the Democrats would win the next election. The reviewer remarks that the book barely discloses anything new about the Watergate Scandal. This source is useful, as it helps for background information purposes of the scandal. The Watergate Scandal is a turning point in our history as it led to much corruption thereafter. The Watergate Scandal. Pbs.org. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Sept. 2012. <http://www.pbs.org/johngardner/chapters/6c.html>. The article on PBS.org offers a brief overview of the Watergate Scandal, and it also provides detailed information on the long-term effects of the scandal. The article includes background information which is well-written and reliable enough to incorporate into our project. The information describes the scandal in its entirety including prominent names, dates, and events which happened during the scandal. The most important information which we received was the several effects of the Watergate Scandal. The source states that the scandal resulted in the first resignation of a president, prompted an extreme wave of change in political reform, and it also paved way for common Americans to distrust their government. These are very useful and important points which we can further research and build upon through our research process. This source is able to analyze the effects of the scandal, which bring about how the Watergate Scandal is a turning point in history. Watergate. Gale U.S. History in Context. Gale, n.d. Web. 29 Sept. 2012. <http://ic.galegroup.com/ic/uhic/topic2/actionWin? query=&prodId=UHIC&windowstate=normal&contentModules=&displayquery=&mode=view&limiter=&showDisambiguation=true&displayGroups=&userGroup Name=&action=e&catId=GALE%7C00000000MXJ3&scanId=>. This document which was found in the Gale Database is exceptionally written in detail about the overview of the Watergate Scandal. The article is separated into two distinct headings: Beginnings and the Cover-up. The document includes several events which happened leading up to the scandal. The document does an excellent job in keeping the events of the Watergate Scandal very succinct, brief, and easy to read. This source is extremely useful in regards to describing how Nixon tried to cover-up his scandal. The source describes in detail of how John W. Dean III, a White House counsel, had conducted a complete investigation of all leads and declared that no one in the White House staff was involved. This resembles the start of how the White House attempted to cover-up the scandal. The source was able to dispense several details about the Watergate Scandal, which is a turning point in history.

Watergate Scandal News. Otrcat.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 Sept. 2012. <http://www.otrcat.com/watergate-scandal-news-p-49346.html>. Otrcat.com provides a great overview of the Watergate Scandal, along with an analysis of the effect which the media had on the scandal. This website also provides news recordings from CBS in 1973, reporting on the Watergate Scandal. The article touches upon the importance of the Nixon tapes, in which Nixon installed a taping system in the White House to record all of his telephone conversations. Reading and listening to the Nixon tapes will provide a great insight into our project. The most important piece of information which we found in this article was the multitude of crisis which was faced by the Nation. It describes the three most pressing issues which followed the scandal which were the Middle East Crisis, the Vice-Presidential Crisis, and the Inflation/Energy Crisis. This information is useful, as we are able to research these three issues and provide a deeper explanation and analysis of them. These three crises signify how the Watergate Scandal was a turning point in history, as the Nation faced a plethora of issues. "Watergate: The Scandal That Brought Down Richard Nixon." Watergate: The Scandal That Brought Down Richard Nixon. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Sept. 2012. <http://watergate.info/>. The website www.watergate.info is a reliable overview of the Watergate scandal and all the facts surrounding it. It has pages dedicated to how the scandal happened, what it was, and what the results were. This website was made in 1995 and is collection of everything associated with the scandal. It has lots of primary sources including Nixons speeches, pictures, and recordings that will be helpful. Additionally, it also has books and other resources that will be helpful to our project. This source clearly analyzes the importance of the Watergate scandal and shows how it affected the American politics, thus being named a turning point in history. "Watergate Scandal Video." History.com. A&E Television Networks, n.d. Web. 22 Sept. 2012. <http://www.history.com/topics/watergate/videos>. History.com has a series of videos that talks about Nixon and the Watergate Scandal. Many experts give their insight in the situation so the information is reliable and useful. Nixon was thought to be a paranoid man who had lots of enemies. He used his presidency to defame his enemies and reward his friends. The fact that Nixon used his presidency for personal issues is very unprofessional and unethical and is a major turning point in history because presidents were seen as agents who only cared for the welfare of America. Learning about Nixons personality is very important in understanding why he committed such a crime. This source helped us see what Nixon was thinking through a psychological lens and realize what he was trying to do. Weiner, Tim. "W. Mark Felt, F.B.I. Official Who Became 'Deep Throat,' Is Dead at 95." The New York Times. The New York Times, 19 Dec. 2008. Web. 23 Sept. 2012. <http://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/19/washington/19felt.html?pagewanted=all>. This article talks about Mark Felt, previously known as Deep Throat, who leaked

information about the White Houses interference with the burglaries. Felt was the associate director of the FBI who had allowed illegal break-ins and had followed Nixons orders. However, once he was contacted by Bob Woodward, Felt realized that he must let the public know about their presidents lies and what he was actually doing. Woodward and Felt used intricate signs to signal meetings and met at furtive locations. Felt was crucial to shape the scandal as a turning point in history because he established this idea that no officials were over the Constitution and that everybody needs to abide by the laws. This article was very helpful in introducing Mark Felt and what he did for the scandal that made it so important in American History. What Was The Watergate Scandal? Learnhistory.org. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Sept. 2012. <http://www.learnhistory.org.uk/usa/watergate.htm>. The website, learnhistory.org, heavily concentrates in providing information on the cover-up of the Watergate Scandal. The website offers other important links concerning the Watergate Scandal on its page. In addition, the article cites several, concise points concerning the political effects of the Watergate Scandal. The article puts forth details of the break-in, the cover-up, and the controversial Nixon tapes. The most important information we found in this source was the political effects of the scandal, such as the Freedom of Information Act and how the scandal weakened the United States in its foreign policies. The source will be useful in regards to the background information given. In addition, this source introduced us to the Freedom of Information Act, which was introduced to make it easier for people to obtain official documents, and find out what the government is up to, which we will further research and hopefully include in our project. The Watergate Scandal is a turning point in history because it brought about political effects such as the Freedom of Information Act, which we continue to use today. "Woodward and Bernstein." American Decades. Detroit: n.p., 1998. N. pag. Gale U.S. History in Context. Web. 6 Oct. 2012. <http://ic.galegroup.com/ic/uhic/ReferenceDetailsPage/ReferenceDetailsWindow? failOverType=&query=&prodId=UHIC&windowstate=normal&contentModules=&mod e=view&displayGroupName=Reference&limiter=&currPage=&disableHighlighting=true &source=&sortBy=&displayGroups=&action=e&catId=&activityType=&scanId=&docu mentId=GALE%7CK1631007066>. This article found on the Gale database gives a great overview on the reporting which Woodward and Bernstein had done in order to first break the news about the Watergate Scandal. The source describes how the reporters delved deep into telephone books, airline records, building directories, and hotel records in order to find the root of the scandal. In addition, the pair interviewed a large number of people who slowly revealed pieces of the scandal. Woodward and Bernstein received much scrutiny from the White House as they continued to investigate the scandal. This source is extremely useful as it indicates how determined and hard working Woodward and Bernstein were in order to break the scandal. This information will weave its way into our project, as they were two reporters who defined American journalism today. Woodward and Bernstein helped contribute to the effects of the Watergate Scandal, as they helped to influence the world of journalism.