Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ONE-SECURITY IN THE GOVERNMENT OF IRAN ....................... 1
A REVIEW OF THE SECURITY SYSTEY OF IRAN ..................... 2
I- IlJTRODUCTION ........................................... 2
II- BASIC SECURITY LEGISLATION ............................. 3
III- PUBLIC ATTITUDE TOWARD SECURITY ....................... 5
IV- NATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR SECURITY ..................... 6
1- NATIONAL SECURITY COUNCIL ........................... 7
2- NATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR INTELLIGENCE & SECURITY ... 8
3- J-2 SECTION SUPREME COMMANDER'S STAFF ............ 10
4- G-2 SECTION OF GENERAL STAFF ...................... 11
5 - COUNTERINTELLIGENCE CORP (CIC) ..................... 12
6- IRANIAN NATIONAL POLICE ............................ 13
7- IMPERIAL IRANIAN GENDARMERIE ....................... 14
8- SPECIAL INTELLIGENCE OFFICE ........................ 15
V- INTERAGENCY RELATIONSHIPS AND COORDINATION ............ 1 7
VI- SECURITY IN GOVERNMENT DEPARTMENT ..................... 19
VII- PHYSICAL SECURITY ..................................... 20
1- CIVILIAN MINISTERIES ............................... 20
2- ARMED FORCES .......................................20
VIII- CONTROL OF CLASSIFIED MATTERS ......................... 21
IX- PERSONNEL SECURITY .................................... 23
X- INDUSTRIAL SECURITY ................................... 26
XI- FINDINGS .............................................. 27
XII- RECOMMENDATION ........................................ 29
XIII- CONCLUSION ............................................ 30
ANNEX A
ANNEX B
ANNEX C
ANNEX D
TWO- MEMORANDUM OF CONVERSATION WITH FRENCH COUNSUL,KHORRAMSHAHR 36
KHUZESTAN ................................................. 36
DOMESTIC POLCTICS ......................................... 36
PERSIAN GULF .............................................. 36
FRENCH OIL COMPANIES AND EQBAL ............................ 37
TREE- SEMI ANNUAL ASSESSMENT OF THE POLITICAL SITUATION IN IRAN 38
1- SUMMARY ................................................ 39
2- THE SHAH ............................................... 40
3- THE ECONOMIC SITUATION ................................. 4 1
4- IRAN-U.S. RELATIONS .................................... 43
5- IRAN AND THE PERSIAN GULF .............................. 45
6- IRAN AND IRAQ: THE SHATT CONFORNTATION ................. 46
7- IRAN AND OTHER COUNTRIES ............................... 48
8- IRAN-COMMUNIST RELATIONS ...............................50
9- THE GOVERNMENT. PARLIAMENT AND THE PARTIES ............. 53
10- DIR iENT AND INTERNAL SECURITY ......................... 55
FOUR- REFORM IN IRAN ................ ................ 58
SUMMARY AND INTRODUCTION ....... .................. 59
1- LAND REFORM ............... .................... 6 1
...........
4- WORRER P R O F I T SHARING .................................. 62
5- ELECTION LAW REFORM .................................... 63
F I V E - YOUTH ..................................................... 72
CHRGNOLOGY ................................................ 96
AREA B R I E F ................................................ 98
UNITED STATES
Note by t h e S e c r e t a r y
1. The a t t a c h e d r e p o r t was p r e p a r e d t o r e c o r d t h e o b s e r v a t i o n s
2. The U n i t e d S t a t e s M i l i t a r y I n f o r m t i o n C o n t r o l Committee
R e l e a s a b l e t o F o r e i g n Nnt,oaols."
4. D i s t r i b u t i o n of t h i s document i s l i m i t e d t o t h o s e h a v i n g a n
o f f i c i a l need-to-know.
Donald S , H a r r i s
Secretary
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A REVIEW OF THE SECURITY SYSTEM OF IRAN
I INTRODUCTION
p r i m a r i l y t o b r i n g up t o d a t e t h e i n f o r m a t i o n c o n t a i n e d i n MIC 2061129
S t a t e m e n t s made i n i t a r e b a s e d p r i m a r i l y on o b s e r v a t i o n s o f t h e Team
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and i t s d i v i s i o n i n t o s e p a r a t e e x e c u t i v e , l e g i s l a t i v e and j u d i c i a l
t r a d i t i o n of a b s o l u t e monarchy which h a s u s u a l l y p r e v a i l e d i n I r a n
P e n a l Law o f I r a n a l s o p r o v i d e f o r t r i a l o f c i v i l i a n s by m i l i t a r y
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Palace a t t e m p t on t h e l i f e o f t h e Shah. Among t h e a e n t e n c e s passed o u t ,
d i d n o t a u r v i v e him u n a u c c e a s f u l a t t e m p t a t a a a a s s i n a t i o n . )
executed a f t e r c o n v i c t i o n by a m i l i t a r y c o u r t on c h a r g e s o f apying
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I11 PUBLIC ATTITUDE TOWARD SECllRITY
T h e r e is no r e a s o n t o b e l i e v e t h a t t h e I r a n i a n p u b l i c i s any
and a s m a l l d e c l i n e i n t h e p e r c e n t a g e of i l l i t e r a c y , t h e s e a r e not
s u f f i c i e n t t o overcome t h e l a c k o f a n a t i o n a l c o n c s i o u s n e s s a s known
by Western n a t i o n s , t h e v e r y low s t a n d a r d o f l i v i n g of t h e a v e r a g e
I r a n i a n , t h e l a c k of formal e d u c a t i o n ( o v e r 80 p e r c e n t of I r a n i a n s
a r e s t i l l i l l i t e r a t e ) , a n d t h e g e n e r a l l y backward c o n d i t i o n s p r e v a i l i n g
be s u c c e s s f u l i n h i s e f f o r t s t o r a i s e t h e s t a n d a r d of l i v i n g , t o make
d r a s t i c i n r o a d s i n t o t h e l e v e l o f i l l i t e r a c y , t o improve communicationt
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IV .PTLONAL ORGANIZATION FOR SECmITI
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So f a r as c a n be determined, t h e S h a h ' s i n f l u e n c e on s e c u r i t y
i n I r a n i s , a t l e a s t from t h e United S t a t e s p o i n t of v i e w , a p o s i t i v e
regime, i t i s l i k e l y t h a t t h e m i l i t a r y c o u l d i n s u r e t h e c o n t i n u a n c e o i
t o run p a r a l l e l t o t h o s e of t h e United S t a t e s i n t h e a r e a .
1. N a t i o n a l S e c u r i t y Council
The N a t i o n a l S e c u r i t y C o u n c i l (NSC) r e m a i n s , a t l e a s t i n
t h e o r y , t h e t o p p o l i c y f o r m u l a t i n g body f o r t h e i n t e l l i g e n c e community.
C o o r d i n a t i n g Committee (ICC) c o n t i n u e t o f u n c t i o n a d j u n c t i v e l y w i t h
t h e NSC.
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primarily of t h e S e c u r i t y O f f i c e r s o f t h e v a r i o u s M i n i s t r i e s . These
O f f i c e r s r a n k a s s e n i o r o f f i c e r s o f t h e M i n i s t r i e s and a r e a p p o i n t e d
p r e s r d e d o v e r by Gen. Mahootian.
He s a i d t h a t all M i n i s t r i e s a r e r e p r e s e n t e d on i t , a n d r n a d d i t i o n t h e
N a t i o n a l I r a n i a n O i l Co.. t h e N a t i o n a l P l a n n i n g O r g a n i z a t i o n and t h e
i s c h a t e a c h of i t s members is r e q u i r e d once a y e a r t o s u b m i t a r e p o r t
l i s t i n g s e c u r i t y problems i n h i s o r g a n i z a t i o n and a n y r e l e v a n t i d e d s
r e g u l a r l y d i s c u s s s e c u r i t y problems o f t h e v a r i o u s M i n i s t r i e s , t h e
a b l e t o resolve.
2. N a t i o n a l O r g a n i z a t i o n f o r I n t e l l i g e n c e and S e c u r i t y (SAVAKZ
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SAVAK c o n t i n u e s t o be a p o w e r f u l o r g a n i z a t i o n w i t n over211 s t : c ~ ~ r i t y
p o l i t i c a l a c t i v i t i e s o f I r a n i a n s t u d e n t s a b r o a d , t h e i n v e s t i g a t i i ~ ~o;l
t h e c o l l e c t i o n o f i n t e l l i g e n c e i n f o r m a t i o n on p o l i t i c a l o p p o s i t l ~ > l i ;
s u r v e i l l a n c e o f f o r e i g n e m b a s s i e s , o f f i c i a l d e l e g a t i o n s fro111ab1-.,.1~1
.II;.I
s e r v i c e s ( e s p e c i a l l y w i t h t h e I s r a e l i s ) ; and s e c u r i t y i n t h e c i v l l ~ a n
t o g e t o u t o f p o l i c e t y p e work a n d t o c o n c e n t r a t e on e s p i o n a g e and
noticed so far.
S e c u r i t y O f f i c e r a s one of its s e n i o r o f f i c e r s . He is a p p o i n t e d by
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s u r e t h a t he i s a competent parron. SAVAK emphasizes t h a t these
necessary o r d e s i r a b l e t o do so.
i t s competence i n t h e p o l i t i c a l f i e l d .
espionage o p e r a t i o m ; r u p o r v b i o n of I r a n i a n m i l i t a r y a t t a c h e s abroad;
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and t h e activities of t h e N a t i o n a l R e s i s t a n c e Grganization ( w h ~ c h
g e t t i n g s e n s i t i v e equipment (such a s t h e U
WK and t h e BULLPUP), the d e s x r r
4. 6-2 S e c t i o n of t h e General S t a f f
with c o l l e c t i n g c a b a t i n t e l l i g a n c a and o r d e r of b a t t l e i n f o w t i o n .
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v l r l t ) b u t p o r r e s s e d of a h i g h degree of e f f i c i e n c y , d i s c i p l i n e all1
l o y a l t y of t h e Armed Forces. It g r a n t s s e c u r i t y c l e a r a n c e s f o r m l l i t a l y
personnel, i n v e s t i g a t e s foreign i n t e l l i g e n c e a c t i v i t i e s d i r e c t e d a t
is a m i l i t a r y c o n n o t a t i o n ) ; i n t h e e x e r c i s e of which i t i s answerahle
o n l y t o t h e Shah. The CIC Chief i e B r i g . Gen. A r d e s h i r Tadjbaktish.
head of t h e o r g a n i z a t i o n r i n c e 1958. He i s g e n e r a l l y b e l i e v e d t o
officers.
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/ e l t h i s f u n c t i o n t o t h e i n d i v i d u a l m i l i t a r y s e r v i c e s could handicap
I 6. I r a n i a n National P o l i c e
s n Chief of P o l i c e .
7 Imuerial I r a n i a n Gendarmerie
smuggling. 5) t o p r w i d e i n t e l l i g e n c e on bordor a r e a a , 6) j u d i c i a r y ;
jurisdiction.
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Army, ha8 been approved; hovever, funds f o r i t have not yet been
School e 8 m b l i8h.d.
8. S w c i a l I n t e l l i a e n c e Office
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V INTERAGENCY REWTIONSHIPS AND COORnINqTION
f a c t u a l d a t a t o s u b s t a n t i a t e t h e p o i n t , i t vould a p p e a r t h a t i n t e r -
of c o o r d i n a t i o n must m a e s s a r i l y be e f f e c t e d by t h e Shah, i n s o f a r a s
a l s o c a r r y o u t some c o o r d i n a t i n g f u n c t i o n s . S t i l l a n o t h e r c l o s e and
informal r e l a t i o n s h i p would e x i s t by v i r t u e of t h e f a c t t h a t t h e
confidence o f t h e Shah.
IPCC, on v h i c h a 1 1 M i n i s t r i e r a r e r e p r e r e n t e d - and v h i c h is p r e s i d e d
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t h e meetingr of t h e NSC, preaided over by t h e P r i m M i n i r t e r and
perronnel .
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II
VI SECURITY I N COVEWMENT MPARTMENTS
Sc f a r a r the c i v i l i a n r i d e of t h e t u t i o f u l government 18
/
t
puideline vould appear t o be e x c e l l e n t .
and guidance.
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VII J'HYSICAL SECURITY
1. C i v i l b n Miniatriea
q u a l i f i e d American o b s e r v e r s , p h y a i w l s e c u r i t y p r a c t i c e s i n t h e
v a r i o u s c i v i l i a n M i n i a t r i e s a r e v e r y poor a s compared t o t h o s e i n
t h e Armed Forces.
2. Armed Forces
p h y s i c a l s e c u r i t y p r a c t i c e r obaerved w e r e e x c e l l e n t . e s p e c i a l l y a t
t h e i n s t a l l a t i o r u mentioned.
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o u t by t h e d u l y a u t h o r i z e d p e r s o n n e l b u t must be r e t u r n e d a t t h e
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officer ir p n r e n t . T h i r o f f i c e r h a r r e r p o n s i b i l i t y among o t h e r
Center has barred windowr, a 24 hour armed guard and one of t h e new
of t h e h a e S e c u r i t y O f f i c e r .
p r o c e d u n s were introduced a n d , a r e r t i l l b e i n s c a r r i e d o u t .
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IX PERSONNEL SECURITY
The p a r a o n ~ lr e c u r i t y program a8 i t e x i a t a in I r a n ia what an
any p r i o r rervice i n the armed forcer, hi8 citi;anship and any previous
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and national agency checks a r e then mede; i.8.. with Police, SAVAK,
, I ( i
ILIL lrtdr p e r s o n s d e a l ilig WI t h codes. C a t e g o r y 3 wo11I d i11cl11dc.
M l n i s t r l c s a p p l y i n g f o r c l e a r a n c e s f o r p e r s o n s ill CaLepury I
gations c a r r i e d o u t i n t h e c a s e s o f a p p l i c a n t s i n C a t e g o r i e s 2 and 3
a r e e x t r e m e ] v thorough and d e t a i l e d .
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X LNDUSTRIAL SECURIn
Them doom not e x i s t what could r e a l l y be c e l l e d an industrial
of a defense base.
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l e v e l of s e c u r i t y conaciowneaa.
*Special I n t e l l i g e n c e Group of I m p r i a l C w r t
J-2
CIC
SAVAK
National P o l i c e (including information Bureau)'
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s e c u r i t y i s ac;higved w i t h i n t h e I r a n i a n Armed F o r c e s t h r o u g h . i n t e n s i v e
u s e o f g u a r d p c ~ r o n n e l . E x c e p t f o r t h e s e c u r i t y a g e n c i e s , no e v i d e ~ a c r
6. A t the i n s t a n c e . and w i t h t h e a s s i s t a n c e , o f ~ I S H I M A A Ga ,
t h e i s n u a n c e o f A m d F o r c e s n e c u r i t y r e g u l a t i o n s , b a s e d upon USAF
o u t s i d e o f t h e Armed F o r c e s was p r e s e n t e d .
7. The p q r s o n n e l s e c u r i t y program o f t h e c i v i l i a n r e c u r i t y
s e c u r i t y program,by a d d r e s s i n g b o t h l o y a l t y and s e c u r i t y f a c t o r s .
8. The r e c e n t l y t n i t t . t e d s e c u r i t y t r a i n i n g program of t h e
9. E f f e c t i v e i m p l e m e n t a t i o n o f t h e I r a n i a n s e c u r i t y program
c a n b e s t be a s s u r e d by e n g a g i n g t h e c o n t i n u e d . i n t e r e s t .and r e s p o n s i h i i i t y .
o f t h e Shah.
LO. I n t h e a b s e n c q o f a r e q u i r e m e n t , t h e r e i s no i n d u s t r i a l
s e c u r i t y program i n I r a n . N e v e r t h e l e s s , i t is t h e p r a c t i c e of the
Armed F o r c e s t o s c r e e n c i v i l i a n p e r s o n n e l employed on c o n s t r u c t i o n
and manufacturing p r o j e c t s o f d e f e n r e i n t e r e s t .
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XI1 RECOMMENA4TIONS
I t i s recommanded t h a t :
Lmsuing a n i n s t r u c t i o n e x p r e s s i n g t h e S h a h ' s i n t e r e s t i n a s s u r i n g
t h e p r o t e c t i o n a t a l l l e v e l s of U n i t e d S t a t e s o r i g i n c l a s s i f i e d
2. ARHISHIMAAG s h o u l d c o n t i n u e t o s t i m u l a t e and s u p p o r t t h e
f u r t h e r development o f a l l a s p e c t s o f t h e A r w d F o r c e s s e c u r i t y
program.
3. S e c u r i t y t r a i n i n g i n t h e Armed F o r c e s s h o u l d be pursued
I vigorously a s an e s s e n t i a l t o e f f e c t i v e implementation of t h e s e c u r i t y
program.
4. ARMISH/MAAG s h o u l d a r r a n g e f o r p e r s o n s s e l e c t e d f o r t h e
' llAWK Program t o r e c e i v e s p e c i a l s e c u r i t y i n d o c t r i n a t i o n r e l e v a n t t o
1 the p r o t e c t i o n o f t h a t weapons s y s t e m . S i m i l a r a c t i o n s h o u l d be t a k e n
1 memi-annual p r o g r e s s r e p o r t o n t h e I r a n i a n s e c u r i t y program.
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XI11 CONCLUSION
recomenda t ions.
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ANNEX A
USMICC TEAM
IRAN - 1965
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ANNEX B
Kamal, L t . Gen. A z i z o l l a h , C h i e f , 3 - 2
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ANNEX C
I'rim, Maj. B i l l y R . , A s r i s t a n t A i r A t t a c h e
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ANNJiX D
IRAN - 1965
Monday. October 25, 1965
1100 Meeting w i t h M r . W i l l i a m A. H e l s e t h , P o l l t i c a l S e c t i o n
-
0930 1230
.
Meeting w i t h Maj. Gen. Kamal, 3 - 2 , SCS, and B r i g
Ta ibakhsh C h i e f , IICIC
Gen.
F r i d a y . O c t o b e r 29. 1965
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ANNEX C ( c o n t ' d . )
! Sllursday, November 4
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& S y r c 8 e b ! a m c s d p u e b l l c * ~ d i s a b r d . t ~ I l m * . ~ ~ ~
in thcrnf ~ a r P P t 9 . ~ ~ ~ t S a mtMndlR7rM.trl u b * ~ blm
60atxIm sub FiSe males ~ h l s ~~
u mnd
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i & & & ~ ~ 0 & ~ % % 8 ~ W % % h b a ~ o U w ~ ~ O n d b i .
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9.
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r o t b p l p a c l c u r a a l . ~ ~ i n L I I m ~ a ~ d U U P A
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b d U . . s & a ; B t ~ t ~ b W r u l d A ~ n l p e 9 v d l I P M * o b ~
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; ) u f l k i W k S ~ a 0 l ~ 8 % S Z O f ~ ~ p r % l ~ 8 b P ~ ~ ~
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lW: Departmant of S t a t e
INFO: ANKARA, UiAHRAN. JIDM. KABUL, KUWAIT, WNLON, RAWALPINDI
Alwr
-TBHRAN 4 G 28/69
ECON-2 Refom i n Iran
SA
el-2 Tehns A-630, 22, 1%7
LEIS
DAO
MAG
CONS
CRU-2
POUCH: SwmRY m mODUmoN
KHOR 1. Iand Raform
TABR
ANKARA 2, r n t i ~ n a l i ~ t i oofn F o n s t .
DHAHRAN 3. Sale of Oovenaurt Psotorias
JIDM
YaUL 4. Wozken R v f l t Sharinp
KUJAIT 5. -tion ~ a w~ e f o m
WMXIH
PWALPINDI 6. Lit- Corps
7. AedthCorpa
27llhr
8. ~~rt.lrsion
mad ~ e v e l o p n r tcorps
9. Housea o f Justloa mad A ~ i t r a t i o nm i l s
10. Wtionrlization of Vat.r Rasouroea
11. Reoonstruotion of the Countq
12. Ad.lnlstnrlive nnd Edwatioasl
Revolution
13. Other ~~
CmwaT
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muled b ~ a o m l w l a 1 6 b . a m n d p r o p . ~ o a i p o r n t
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~ k g f l O D n ~ Q l d ~ ~ - r & ~ ~ . B b W # U N -
muPIJ.o(.*
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-
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urn~elw,ffdllkpa3dff.d,~~ioo8whi~cueb.
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C l ) w b l J i . m m ~ r r r l c l . ~ t r m ~ a ] r t b p ~ ~ o o 3 f b r
9. paaNaILwmfwm
sbmrm-afM.ria,lradatae-pd mnrrIllni8twAudDu
U t b o l l ~ d a k . Y I i r r ~ w ~ m l n l a m e o n t y u m ~
~ ~ t b p r O b . a i a l ~ O f t h . ~ b U & % a I &
p o8F
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D l a w & l # t e ~ 8 r o d b , ~ ~ l i ~ e ] U d i o n l a
~ # l 9 6 T , ~ W ~ o J ~ l l l l r o ~ c a L n ~ r ~
rd taa la Ootck, 1968 (no -1. I&maUaru ia th. mleatlaw .od
~u8l..lwd~valyvAlaur.adom~adUJ8o~trm~i~
n a a t m - d q ~ * b . o u n Q I I . ~ ~ ~ p r # ~ - a a r ~ n i ~ u e ~
~ , ~ 1 n ~ p a i t t d . I . c l l l o a ~ t . b E o r r p a r t . d b o a
q a u d U u ~ i a a a Y C t a e g l ( P . I P 8 ~ a t . . 0 1 . m ( l
b ~ p r p r u . o M . * d ~ U m B b r h * m . L a U R o n f m m p o q c s l .Tbw
. L a h L a u . r r i a . b . r p ~ ~ ~ . l r w ~ a u k i k t l u I l b . h
~M8~pc01~Urbll&illgaooLdqlrladlmo@m?itia8
- . n i l f ~ .
L . p l t . a n r n . I I 1 I ~ . d d a i . k t i v a . f n ~ * t B . ~ ~
lrraUik..abogah*~uaua. l b m l b r n ~ l y p l r
~ M a t b . r r ~ n 8 r u r l ~ l n . q l ~ ~ f M
rrladb.lktb.-bakgL.0. ~ ~ o o # a f m m l m s r Q
~ L n U n ~ ~ ~ ~ r a L o l r
~ g d L t i ~ - ~ a ~ ~ t b . ~ . t
. L . u a r L . ~ a r I p r ~ g d L U a L . d c a .
-
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ia w n carp. tr0bssll.s d~llooaua.~yLO ~ 7 , o w
-lryrtQm.drri*. ~ ~ ~ b . l p s ~ t b * W d . . t
Summary
Group 3
Downgraded a t 1 2 - y e a r . i n t e r v a l s
not automatically declassil'ied
COWIDEyI'I:2Z,
-
CO'HFIDE~IAL 2.
I c r e n c c , j u r i s d i c t i o n a l d i s p u t e s , s ~ i I ) s t a n d a l ~ ct lq u i p m c t ~ t .
~cnd i n s tl.ilct i o n c o n t i n u o a s b e f o r e . IVhi 1e I I.OIII t i n r e I.o
l ime d y n a n ~ i c , generally w c s t e r n - c d u c a t e d p r o l ' c s s o r s a n d
i ~ d m i n i s t r a t o r s a p p e a r o n t h c s c e n c , t h e i r e l l'cc l i v e n e s s ,
t h e s t ~ ~ d c n tl 'se c l , is v i t i a t e d l ~ yt l i c p r e s c t n c c o f SAVrlli.
At a 1 i111cwhen p r o t e s t h a s I ~ e c o n ~1nol.c c rcs t 1.n i n c d , t t ~ r
; i f : t i v i t i c s o f SA\'AK h a v e r e g o i ' l . e d l y Irecome less so.
S t u d e n t s a n d y o u n g p e o p l e a r e less ~ v i l l i n g t o v o i c e t l ~ c i ~ ~
o p i n i o n s t o d a y t h a n t h e y w e r e s o m e y c a r s a g o ('then SAVAK.
s<eemcd t o t h e m m o r e c a p r i c i o u s ) . a n d t h e e f f i c i e n t a n d
methodical p e n e t r a t i o n o f any o p p o s i t i o n group h a s s e r v e d
t o s t i l l much o f t h e d i s s e n t . S t u d e n t s seem t o h a v e l e a i r i l c d
t h a t p r o t e s t t h a t g o c s beyond acatlcmic d i s s e n t on s p e c i l ' i c
I s s u e s is u s u a l l y m e t w i t h a c r u s l i i n g r e s p o n s e . This
r e s p o n s e i s b o l s t e r e d 11y t h e enlistment o f t h e m e d i g a n d
l l ~ eo r ( : a n i z a t i o n o f t h e G o v e r n m e n t ' s s u p p o r t e 1 . s i n t o n a l i o n -
w itle p 1 . o t e s t s a g a i n s t t h e s t ~ l d c n t s . G r e a t e r c : o n i r o l nntl
~ ~ ~ ~ p r ot evcch dn o l o g y t h e r e f o r e , h a v e h e l p e d t o s t i f l e
(1 i s s e n t .
Young I r a n i a n s , n o t u n l i k e o l d e r o n c s , a r e c : i p a l ) l e o f
?;ul>merging r e l ' ) e l l i o o u a t t i t u d e s t o w o r k w i t h i n t h e s y s l c ~ n .
' I ' l ~ a t m o r e t h a n 15.000 I r a n i a n s e a c h y e a r w i s h t o e n t e r
~ i n i v e r s i t i e sb u t a r e u n a b l e t o f o r r e a s o n s 01' i ' i n a n c e s rt~itl
l a c k o f s p a c e is t e s t i m o n y o f t h e a t t r a c t i v e n c s s o f
til ~ h c er d u c a t i o n i n I r a n . F o r many, u n i v e r s i t y and t h c
(1 i p l o m a a r e p a s s p o r t s t o a g o o d l i f ' c i n I r a n . liowevcr, t h e
c . o n s t i 3 a i n t s p l a c e d o n h i g h e r e d u c a t i o n may. t a k e a t o l l a s
young 1 1 ' a l l i a n s t u d e n t s l e a r n t h a t t h e I r a n i a n E s t a b l i s h e i c n t
~ , c t q u i r c se v e n g r e a t e r c o n f o r m i t y t h n n m o s t a n d t h a t mcxn-
I ~ i ~ l ' ud li s c u s s i o n s -- t h e k i n d s t i ~ d o n t sa l l o v e r t h e w o r l t l
t-njiagc i n -- a r c c l o s e d t o then^. Sports and s t u d c n l
union b u i l d i n g s a r e s u b s t i t u t e d to a n i n c r e a s i n g d e g r e e
l o r s t u d e n t p a r t i c i p a t i o n i n a n e f f o r t to k e e p s t u d e n t
~ t ~ i ~ o c~: r du psi e d . T h i s s u l ~ s t i t uion
t ol' o t h e r t l i i n g s for
*; t u d c n t p a r t i c ip:tl i o n h a s b e e n r e l a t i v e l y s u c c : c s s I u l i n
h o e p i n - . t h e l i d 0 1 1 t h e c a m p u s e s t h e p a s t f e w years, b u t i t
111if:I1t v:cll h a v e t h c u n h a p p y b y - p r o d u c , t o f p r o d u c i n g
I ~ ~ t e l l c c t u a l ls yt e r i l e y o u n g p e o p l e .
COhTII~EYI'IAL y a y 1972
73
i n d i v i d u a l i s m a n d t h e I r a n i a n f e e l i n g t h a t n o t h i n g is
r e a l l y worth fightin:: f o r -- t h e r e s e e i n s t o 1)c no r e a l
s e n s e o f p u r p o s e , n o n o t i o n o f "common g o o d " aillong
I r a n i a n youth.
R i g h t l y or. w r o n g l y , y o u n g I r a n i a n s t j c l i e v e t h a t t h e S t a t e
a p p a r a t u s l i a s n e v e r Ijeen m o r e t l g h t a n d i.es t 1.1~. l ivc. l tin11
a t present. A f t e r t h e c e l e b r a t i o n s t h e s e c u i ' i t y precau-
t i o n s which had been t a k e n throughout t h e c o u n t r y conli~!ul
as t h e Government's e f f o r t s t o c r u s h t h e g u e r i l l a / t e r r o ~ . ~ - .
groups continued. As a c o n s e q u e n c e , s t u d e n t / y o u t h g r o u l h
s e e m m o r e i n l ~ l b i t e dt h a n e v e r , a n d p o l i t i c a l d i s c u s s i o n
Rsiong s t u d e n t s e v e n m o r e r a r e .
F o r t h e u r b a n , e d u c a t e d a c t i v i s t , n e i t h e r t h e much-
p u b l i c i z c t l l ' e f o r m s n o r t h e d n i p r o v i n ~, j o l ) marlcet h o l d ~nucli
interest o r attractiveness. T l ~ cu n i v c r s i t i e s h a v e h c c n
s i g n i r i c a n t l y d e m o c r a t i z e d by t h e a d ~ r ~ i s s i oof n lnrg,c
n u m b e r s of' e c o n o m i c a l l y d i s a d v a n t a g e d y o u n g s t c r s . h u t :'or
s o m e , t h e c o u r s e o f s t u d y is a I ' a r c e , t h e u n i v e ~ ' s i l y a
circus. T h e economy is d y n a n ~ i c : h u t r e a l u n c ~ l i l ~ l o v m c na11c1
l
m a r g i n a l c i ~ ~ p l o y m e nis t h i g h among r e c e n t g r n d ~ ~ a l cwho s
h a v e n o t h i n g more t o o f f e r t h a n a n I r a n i a n u n i v c l ' s i t y d c ~ l '
P d u c a t e d young p e o p l e a r e d i s i l l u s i o n e d a n d u n h a p p y . They
w a n t t h e b e n e i i t s of t h e a f f l u e n t , b u t r e s e n t t h e t o t a l
p r o h i b i t i o n on t h e i r p a r t i c i p a t i o n i n I r a n ' s n a t i o n a l
political life.
hlay 1972
REFOIIII PROGR
The W h i t e R e v o l u t i o n i n c l u d e s t h e f o l l o w i n g i n d i v i d u a l
programs :
Group 3
Downgraded a t 1 2 - y e a r i n t e r v a l s
not automatically declassified
4. Workers P r o f i t S h a r l n y
5. E l e c t i o n Law R e l o ~ ~ ~ t
6. L i t e r a c y Coi'ps
7. H e a l t h Col'ps
8. Extension a n d D e v e l o p m e n t C o r p s
9. H o u s e s o f E q u i t v a n d r \ r l ~ i i ~ ~ n t lCoonu n c l l 5
10. N a t iotl:ll l z a t l o t l i > I W a t e r l i c ~ ~ r ~ u l * c C s
11. Reconstruction of t h e Counlrv
12. A d m i n i s t a t i v e a n d E d u c a t i o n a l Revolution
13. Religious Corps
O t h e i - a s p e c t s o f t h e \V11ite R e v o l u t i o n d o n o t s t a n d u p s o
w e l l under scrutiny. N a t i o n a l i z a t i o n o f Fol'ests and
N a t i o n a l i z a L i o n o f \(a t e r R e s o u r c e s h a v e I ~ e e ni l n ! ~ l c m e t i i c t l
s l o w l y a n d h a v e c o n t r i b u t e d l i t t l e t o I r a n ' s loi'\ilard novcS--
meut though t h e y a r e e x p e c t e d t o have long-telm b e n e f i t s
f o r t h e country. The s a l e o f Government F a c t o r i e s h a s
g e n e r a t e d l i t t l e e n t h u s i a s m ant1 is reco;:nized a s a g:-ovc~.n-
m e n t e f f o r t t o u n l o a d u n p r o l i l a b l e enterprises. T h e
Workers' P r o f i t S h a r i n g Program h a s h a r d l y g o t t e n o f f t h e
g r o u n d a n d t h e E l e c t i o n Law r e f o r m h a s d o n e l i t t l e t o
l e a d t o t h e development o f r e a l p o l i t i c a l c o n t e s t s (indecri.
under t h e present p o l i t i c a l system i t could hardly do s o
a n d t h u s w a s p r o b a b l y i n t e n d e d by t h e Slinh m o r e a s windoiv
dressing than a s a t r u e reform). The H e c o n s t r u c t i o n o f tlte
Country h a s produced a l m o s t a o t h i n g and t h e A d m i n i s t r a t i v e
Reform, still viewed w i t h c o n s i d e r a b l e s c e p t i c i s m , has
b e e n c r i t i c i z e d f o r f a i l u r e t o make ally m e a n i n g f u l c o n t r i -
b u t i o n to d e c e n t r a l i z a t i o n o r o v e r h a u l o f t h e m a s s i v e
Iranian bureaucracy. Thd E d u c a t i o n a l Reform, i n a u g u r a t e d
w i t h c o n s i d e r a b l e f a n f a r e i n t h e summer o f 1 9 6 8 ( i n p a r t ,
blay 1 9 7 2
CONFIDEKTIAL
wc t h o u g h t , t o g i v e some s e m b l a n c e o f movement t o t h e
rcform movement), h a s f a i l e d t o come t o grips thc
~ ) r o b l e n i so f I r a n ' s u n i v e r s i t i e s and s t u d e n t s and
~ ) v o f e s s o r sa l i k e t e n d t o l o o k upon t h e L'ducationnl lleform
lndifferently.'The R e l i g i o u s Corps h a s been v i r t u a l l y
illbo born due t o p r e s s u r e from t h e m u l l a s ivho r e g a r d t h e
program ( p r o b a b l y c o r r e c t l y ) a s a govern!licni p l a n t o
r e d u c e t h e i r i n f l u e n c e among t h e p e o p l e .
'I'he White R e v o l u t i o n h a s had i t s g r e a t e s t impact s o f a r i l l
the r u r a l s e c t o r : t h e p e a s a n t s now own t h e i r l a n d and
t t ~ i a i rl i v e s and v i l l a g e s a r e b e i n g n o t i c e a b l y improved.
'I'hey a r e e n j o y i n g o t h e r d e r i v a t i v e b e n e f i t s and tlic way is
now o p e n i n g f o r them t o p a r t i c i p a t e t o a g r e a t e r d e g r e e i n
the n a t i o n ' s progress. The u r b a n p o p u l a t i o n s h a r e s i n
t h c p r o s p e r i t y g e n e r a t e d by t h e r e f o r m s b u t s t u d e n t s and
l n t e l l e c t u n l s have not p a r t i c i p a t e d o r shared i n t h e
rcfolml program, r e f u s i n g , t h e y s a y , t o a c c e p t t h e s u 1 ) s t i -
t u t i o n o f economic development f o r r e a l s o c i a l and p o l i t i c a l
t'cform.
lran
M a y 1973
SECRET
78
NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE SURVEY PUBLICATIONS
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WARNING
-"ins
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WARNING
The NIS is National Intelligefice and may not be re-
leased or shown to representatives of any foreign govern-
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the provisions of National Security Council Intelligence Di-
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SPI:HIX
GiraA#G;E FROM THE TOP
Obstacles to Change (c)
lln1galn:. nlthtnlyh llluny mnn! ~ I I~Il rl u*~ ~ g u u pi nr
u.lrn11. l l n . lill~guugrlunid uw w r u k r ~ ~ l ~u~~gl d ,
~III~~~~IIIIII is InJllg W ICIWII l i y the i ~ ~ ~ n u s tlr- iug
lu~~ia~lI i ItIInI ~ s t. n i ~ ~p gn ~ v i ~ w i ustill l h ~L~UINCII~~~A~
I~I. udrty.
I.itthb I~IIIII~~II WU* X~Y(.II hist~wk-ully10 the. ~TIIIN.~~
141111~llll~~llll-~~l~~l~ :llll~ ~ ~ % ~ i t tl Ihl R ~:lffN.Il tht5wlulh.
o,aatry. ISvlw I<111uyIBIII~ the hlnull u r l u rS111rllt ~~ ad
lam'\ ~IWIJI.i ~ I v t ~ t i f1i1~ , ally
* \ i g n i f i c i ~ ldcgnv ~~ \vill~
tin* II~I~~IM III. ~ n111vq41-
l I i \ v ~II viIlugt%. 4tllcI I111-irfin1
tdlrgiu~~av. is I,,Iht-ir f:c~~~ilirs a11111tin-II 10 Ill<, villag,.,
't'l~r> '10 ant1 itid 111~ II~SI b,iIlugt~.k.1 ~II~~III* Iht, ns\t tvf
Ilr.~ ~ u t i l'I'lr. u ~ .~ n ~ ~ ~ tIir~i ldmi cII~~YI. . 111.t.11 1.~1.11 1ttrllie.r
ITIIII#VIKI f m n ~~ h t r I i ~ ~ i l &it1 t l i1t;tlit~11:11
a ~ ~ ~ lifv, C;$~\~S~II-
11tt.111~ffortbl a 1 x.IIlr t111. IIHIU~\ IIUYI. 11vt.11\~1cx~~\1~11.
uncl IIIPIWLSI*.\I I.IIIIIIII.~~III~I IIIII! :IIII)IIIXYl.IXYl.
I,n~lwldy IIIML.N~IIIII~~II~ 1111'111111 YB<I. 1.\tr111. MUI!
uf 1111. w ~ l l l t r IIOIII~IIS.
l I ~ n \ t r * ( ~r r. l t t i ~1rilb;tl ~ i~ffiliu-
liqao. u l d IIH.! u*. 1hv SIBIV e11t1gc~vrrwllsmt;tr 11ol11i11g
ttuln. tllitlt i~ tv11lri11i ) ~ ~ I h # ~ irdi l t! r ~ ~ q ~ l i118 t +e.I~it~~gc.
y
111virttit! II~ life,
KVFI w i t h n ~ tt11r I~III~IIIS IJ ~ m ~ v i ~ ~ c i u l i tllr xrn.
Sl1u11 u ~ ~L IS
c l ~ v r r n m r n tw ~ n ~ l Luvc. cl diffi"~b~i t 1
gurllrril~gIfic* slaplrrl 111t l ~ p r w n l muhw f m nrml
rrkmn ~ ~ n % r u t( ~i ~ s~.r l i t i ~II~ ~ thrir
~ n r wuy l t ~lifc.,
f thr
~ ~ ~ k crn~u.rvi~tiv~.
r l l y ~I~IIII.~ urr pn-lurnxl 11, ;KUV~,I
vlaitl~*s l111tl;11111wtln.111 11)IWI or i~tlcl11, t h r i i ~(VII
lu~ul.l ~ uim l In#I w i l l b ~ gtc~uct%pt~IIIW thut ufftx+
1bc4r ~ r m n ~ uffuirs, ul r11e11ir\ rnirilag Ihs siutur of
utmrw. l'lry an.. kbr tin. H I~ Imrt, i r ~ p r v e r i s h d uncl For ~IVIT ii c ~ . # ~ t t ~t111, r y rc-ligia~~~s ~~%~~II~~S~IIII~*II
illitrrutc.: tl11.y i1n- n s i g ~ l n to l their w n ~ l i t i ~ rxlxvt n. tuki~ig1111s tuck. 11:~so l ~ j < v t ~to v l ~IIV ~ ~ ~ v ~ ~ ~ ~ I I I I ~ ~ ~ ~ I '
liltle fn~811 -1ih.. t111c1 an. RIII~Y?~IIN~ ~ ~ r i n ~ u rwit11 ily rlltry i11t1, SII~.II~I~~V~S ~ ~ l n e ~ uI:IIIII~~~IIv~II~~I li~~~~,
+o~rvivc~I. p u t t t ~ r ~ ~;III~I
s . I11c- slutc~s uf \ V < ~ B W ~ I .'I'IIVr v l i g i a ~ ~ ~ \
111 thr V IIIIIII le*v14s of l r u n i u ~rwirty. ~ 111181111- I c ~ u ~ l rfullyn r~"dimcl thut thr rnd rc.solt 01 thr
~ l i v i c l ~ wuhv k n l n ~ vur l l rlr. IIIe.tthunw thesir l r r v t ~ l s l ~<IVI-~IIIII~.II~'s N
I.I.L
II i f 111M cII~c~NI. nxt~lld lw
1~nili1111 ~IIII~ WIVIIIII. &.lf-wvkii~g iliclivid~~uls i ~ n 11~1
. w ~ a ~ ~ ~ l : ~ r b / ~ ~ ,l i I ~II~;I~I~~II*IW*II;~I
- - i . t ~ uffi~ir\ N OIII. ~~II~
~04~vrI. I,[ c*n~rw,IIII~I~UII~UII umk4y Iw t r ~ i l i ~ n ~ u lnl~~g a l i i l # r11). l I(~VI~~IIIIII~II~ 1un.s U I I ~<v~llrts ratllvr IIWII
vn.w~rlu * l k n ~ r u ~ l i r ~ ~ us ~ l nl er nl ~t ~ g ~virtar. ~ l u r l'lw 11y n4iyio11s H I *. 'I'bl~s wlu.11 t11v Slluh'v rt.fitrn~
~
S
*II W~II d15 11)t h r t ~ ) pby whutcw~.rC I UW
I lw eiln prl*;nllll wur I~UIIS~IKIII~KI ink) law i s Junllun IOMV3.
IIU- is I~I.~~ 1111111 wit11 UIIIIII~U~~IHI. 71111s.w11t.11tht. t b * n.;ldit~aun IIIWII~N-n IJ h ~n.ligit*tfi~stuhlisl~n~.~~~
.
B~glishmunJumm Morier wn*e thin rutin. Hujjl Balm WI-N. t C first l n ~ l ~ l i rtt, l y tlqxw. it. 'l'11t.y ulu, l ~ 1d 111.
(4 l;firlui~. it1 whic.11 just SIICII U I ~ I I I I X ~ ~ I ~ ~ O I ~ ~ ~ ~ B Su11t1 rioti11g Ihul vrt~ptt%l ill u ~IB~I*I~ 01II~I>;III t x v ~ t ~it,n
a11111iIian1sU~II*IIII.~ is tl~e.cvl~lrulc.hunu.trr, tbr Inmk JIII' 411 I!Mi'l. A11111n1g111111. ~IIVI.~IIIVII JIBS LIIIIU..
WBII i ~ w l u l j1111~11urity
~t with 1rn11lu11~ SI: hit. tulr r ~ uf ~IIII.IIII~ nstric+<dtht- ~II~~II~!IILV. ~ ttht.
f ~~stdl~lisl~~~~~~~~iirl
folk l11,rll. neth1.r ~IIUII lllc i l l t l ~ l d l illdictll81.11l
~l of u I r u ~ l ' rdtits. n.ligicas L.uclc*rs ill tla. rttrnl u r ~ i scull-
~liwgn~~i~ lr.nin~nlily
lbh tnlil. Ax u n w l t ctf thi\ I~IIIIIII -r x r r l a111 ~II~MH~UII i ~ ~ f l ~ t e *ttvc.r l ~ c ctls. cL.t,l,l!
~ ~ n , v u i lultil~rlc..
i~~g it is hum1 to fill11 ir~diviclt~ulr wL, mligicnisN~IIS.II.I '1.11 UXSIIU~~~n~(.ligi~e~s 1qtlrnl1it~11. 1ht'
afirv w i l t i ~ ~1g 0 join ill, nutic~riulIINI~~I~IIS. e i t l ~ r rir* She111\lnxus tltr c*lmwi < l t ~ ~ ~ l i f i c01 dIIIV
t ~ o~~v~d t i o% ~ i l l~
1
~ ~ l ~ n i i ~ i s or l r uus h ~~Iurtidpullh.
~ L
IXS thry r*r! lslurn u!~cl~is111111e+i1ionsi n the 1111l>lic, ~ I - ~ ~ O I I I I ~ ~ I ~ V ~ wf
~ ~ ~ ~ rnwurcl v n u ~illl t11r andurtuld~~g. ltir rrligir~~ls cl~~lits.
The Strong-Man Tradition (ulou)
1
IIII~III~ ill\tilt~lion, an sl,l~rt,1~1~ ~ t n l a ~ l i lor r ~ ~11wrt~l
llq~O1lll. 01 ;I r ~ l l t fay ;,way ;llld far uk>llvc
~ r . l ~ # ~ l i cIxtuvr
IIIVI~I, W l ~ i l c111~ ~ ~ ~ i t s :IIIU~
t n t ~IIO~ In, 'w~~scionh csf lit<,
~,atic~r~-rtutc,, tllvy arc falniliur with its rul1.r~. fur I~IL.).
klll,w ul,otat thv glorious Ilirtory of thcir land, largr~ly
11nrottgI1t~rtalo r writlvtl u~%lnainta!l'v with 111~.grvul
l"".l\ 0 1 111~ ~"l*i.
(:yrt~slllc (:nut f0tnndc~11thc firsl Ptvsian' ~ ~ m p i r v .
1 111,rtof tlw Arharmcnid dytrusty, ill Il~r \ixtll cclltury
I i 1:. t,y <r,wltwring ~III M~.<lt.sitnd ntI1t.r kit~gdunls
i u ~ l w r v rtlac
~ M v c l i l v r r a ~ l t . ;n~:lal
~ ~ ~ 181 Syria ;,II~ 111~
O L I IIlibvr
~ it, (.c.r~trill A\iil. Ili\ g r i l l ~ d * o ~I)uritts $
/ ~ I C ~llavVS~\IVIII ~ ~ 01 I ~C I i v~
i c l i~ l~
l ~t g ~ ~ intu
~ cvlt~pirt. ~ I ZO
\.llrap\ o r ~,r~tvit~uur ~~rimecte I,yd a11r.xcr.llc~~l ~lvtwe~rk
at1 11111~.rial roilds. A1h.r (.011q111~51b y A~cxuII~<.~ a1111
~r.lnt~ariv\ (11 (:r4.~k rulr u i m r tllv I ' a r l l i i u ~clynasty. ~
l ~ ~ l l ~ ~ w tlw ~ ~ c%I~
t .S~I~>II ~111pirv.w l t i c l ~ rr16nlcrr1
Ir.t~li;,t~*rt,vvrv es rcvt~lwl<mly to 1I1t. Ac.huc~~t~c.nieIs.
'I'IIcSasrallicls >tnmgthcn~d111~p1wc.r o f the central
guv,:r111nt~111rltrritlg Illvir 4OO-yuur rvign fr111n t h r
I,c.&!illllillg 01 ~IIV third t~ the ~ n i d d l c~~. fthe srv1.11th
<.vlbtun.A.t). 'I'Iwy c;lrric.<l orlt adnli~lirtrativrr r h ~ r ~ s s
, t ~ ~~d~ ~ r v c y111v., d a r w tllat is W II I r a ~ l .W i t h thv
c~vcrthrowof t11c last %l\ratli<l Shall Ily Arah invaden
111 fi51, I~;III cntrrcd a 1wri1nI ~dninr ~ ~ . l l t u r i cduring s
*Ilicll il war rult,d I,y a s ~ r m < . i \ i ~of ~l~ f ~ t r r i g nrim-
~IW.~IW\. Wit11 III~. risr 1111wwc.r c ~tllv f Snluvidr i n 1501.
IIIIWCV<.I. il ltiltivc I r a ~ t i i ud~y ~ r ~ \ itgait1
ty held sway.
511~11Al~l,ar. 1I1v grvatrst of thv Sutavids, was all
----
r II S ~
III\V~,I,I~,,O,, Ic.frIly tlr. ~~.It~n~.trn~(.~~id rntic.nr ~ t rla
r 11t~~trelryu~
1111.A d ~ ~ ~ ~ r oIlwir a . ~trol,r
~~# .br l .Ila. 12unan.uncl Ilwnr v~uli#~t@ .I\Arys
I c , ~J\~.& , grctg,.n~~l~mc tt,rmtn s i < ~ & ) c - lra~ntbArv:~, a n ~ ilt w n fornmall~
~ I b ~ ~ ltai r~ tlv~ ~ ~I g . ~ l ~ m , ~ lm
t t6
w, tx~~n~lr!
~~l ih l$l:Li V,~>OI$1':wu cu~tmv1 1 8 ~
, . , ~ k m~rd l#rr,i,. whiein l,twtmt~ I?TW 803 01ht.r K ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ I N ~ ~ u
I.llllt~i~~~~\ 'I'II(. u~rd WI.ISI inlt, ,\r.l)mv. wlni~,ln1.x k) tlmv lrllvr 1., *,
,,,,. .,tld 111.11 4% 1111. l,.n,, 11aa. la,r,~.ttn III~.IIIU.IVI.\ IUU.kar 1111.1r
I.III~II.,Y( .,,"I .I I"",""'. "I Ill,.'.l4,,,ln
t,lsnt\ empl~ay$1 rn fc-wer worken Wh~listhe govern- 1111. r r s ~ l l u ~ ~ icle.rir.v
t.r lrtwl tllcir o\l)orl ,111d \ill,.IBI
III~II~ would like 10 XCE pr~vntdynperutrd wtellitr . Irut~la~a ~ r * t r r ~ l t , t'I'IIV
t ~ ~a~c. t ~ ~anlootlt
ul ot 111~~,n,til ir
~ ~ ~ ~ l t n t r ~up m w WII&h r i c nncn us &&I und
a xurnund &~~I~~III~II<Y~ 1 1 y ~ ~ s t u l ~ l i s~ l ~Iartificiul
iI~
Ii g fiircl priw t l ~ a t
II~K~I~IIIICU~S, !In. p i v u t r ~ u * n ris held luck hy 1ru11r~~ivivcs for i11v oil. S~IICY. t111, i11itit11 ugrca-t~~t-~~t
1 4 0 ~ s t yof t l r rntnl&. I ~ u ~ ~ l i c rIhut r i a a1k.c.c tlr, wholt. wit, %ig~~t,d it, tSh5I. 1 ~ ~ 1 t1 l1~ v ~ ~ ~ ~ r < ~of~ profit n t i t gI ~ v II~
t~~arlrrn~zat~on und ref an^ p q w n tho guvrrnrnrnt tlw liurl t~ricu.Ib;,uv 11vt.11 riliwd ill Iriut'\ l:11.01 l111'11~1
Ilu, ~andcrtukc~~ 'l'hure is u .ilmmt~l(leof dcvclc~pment tlw tc.rlnr nf 1a.w i~grt.c*~~lrtlts that 11;orr I>~.II rigla-cl.
3 .11i1,1l, urn1 thrrt. r l ~ r ~ pis l yno* el~nugh~IYhnicul nncl lr411c.111o.xlnvt to rtvi\,v S~III~ $14 l>illi8t11ill ~~~VVIIIIC~
ouiw.a~er~ul pcrn111114uvudubk. tu wtltlsfy thr aourlr 111 cll~rillg1111. 1r.ritul I!lil,'i2' 111 IIYi.5 ' i ( i , htonrnc.r. ill
IH*III \ ~ r t o nTho. plvrrnment h m utt~.s~ptnl tu wllvc slid-1972 l r u l ~~.t~tvrrul ta~gt~tiutio~a A3r rlill l ~ ~ r t l t r r
l l b c f ~ n prnhicm
t by mukirr~UII~I. fundr ~ v u ~ l u hto le atrraaug#,lnt,nts whiclt wtn~lolgive I~:III'> ~~i~liontal oil
~ t ~ v ~ \ ~ r Imnk\, n e n t und hus u l t r ~ n p t tu ~ l n-lirvc- tho. *.I)III~)~III~ ~IIC~I~~IM.I~ ~IIIIIIIIIII of
\ nil h ~ 1111rrstrirt1~1
r *ills.
~1wrl.1gc of &iiMp r r u m ~ ~h) r l vttlng up o~~-the-jol, ill i ~ ~ t r r ~ ~ a ~t i~~~~a sr ku'rIlt' rc.l ~ r u114% ~ ~ aln, 11~11li1t~lt.cl
11111111ng #
II~U
>
II The Iurgrr firm\. ut Ic*ust. un* 111n~rdti<111al c~111troI nf r c f i n i ~ ~f:~cilitios>
g anal ic~im~i~stxl
IM f1tln.q f n ~ r nthtw N IV
I(.I invthrllla~~lls fro111tilt. ft,n.ig~~nnlllnj,ivr ill r c f i ~ l i ~ l g
I>r\pltc thr fuct that pnvute n~unufx.cur~r~g hirv not and otl~vr~ ~ p r a t i o 1~11~;Ir .alt,vr to ~~rcsaa~n. the. oil
011 va l o p d us rul)~dlyn s t h ~IIVI~~III~I~ Lrqnrl. tbt. ro%t i u ~ s ~ p uInIIii ~ g ~ n vIn his pntpcmuls, thc Slli111~ I23I
4 llte ind~~rtriul &ow k b r g w ~ ~ tun1 h ~ ga the f u e d Ja1181ar).1973 t h r ~ ~ ; t l r ~ ~11 c1i lubrnya~t. rurrralt
vro~wlr~g p r t II~ tln.~m~nnn~y New devubp~nents..iud~ ,hgrv~.t~~<.~tt\: oliv.$~\\iot~\ N+III 111t. '~YIIIU~~~~IIIL) \ ~ . r t .
0- the governmrnt's plum t o esplult hrge-uculearpper ut~cIvr\%;~! t l 1 ~ 1t i ~ ~ Iw t , .A! ',.t\4,. tr.8~ \l.btnd\
411~1sits and newly dbrovemd imn urc Aelda. are Ilbcly &silo V ) I . I I grt.itlcr .181u~llo~lr 111 ( n i l !I.%I.*II~I, v i t i ~t ~ l l i v l l
I,, fnlcl the cvnti~lualexpunsion of ~nclustryi n i m n tt~ I~I~;$II<V, Iloc SII:III', praqr;t~a~.,
II, date, hwrver, tho Shah hns been u h k tc~carry ;run is u l u ~c l r v r k ~ p i ~ ~ g mhrw of ~L~VCDIIP. I t
othrr
641. h ~ unrul
\ und mwmmic mcdernimtk~n.in uddl- IIPS tkr mrlcl's third lurgrst r w r w c~fnatuml I;(+. tlv.
114111 BI ~ w u t i n g u ~ n c r k r urtny,
n lurgdy hmur cJ h ~ r vc~ltill~o. II~ wl1it.11is rru~n~rvutivo,ly c.sli~~wttd tca Ir.o \ r r
t~utir~n's dlhnnn. Iran's CNP is currently the largest ~n 2UU trillion cubic ft.c.1. Its largcsstcuslu8nt.r $11pre.rc.~~l ir
111~ M i d d k h t und mcm than d w b l c thut nf either the S ~ v i c Union,t which purchused nearly hillic~~~
I*ruel cu Faypt For the pert 7 yevn i t has been cubic feet of gas VU~III~ at $37 rnillidn.in 1971. Ira11
rrowlng at an nvrrngc annual rute of 11% The largest has u LxIntruLZ with M~MXIW to1 sell, ill time. W~IC5.000
~o~atrthutcr the CNP and the one thing mort Irilliol~cubic firt. Prcduction I I liqoefinl ~ gas i\ n l a ~
18 ~HIII~IIIIC fin ~ tamtinut$
r gnwth b the uil indurtry undergi~i~~g nc,g~*iatio~ls:as 1873 Iwut,. so.\r 11li111h
I.a~rthe fiscul ycur c n d i ~ ~ IngMamh iH72, Iran eurncd isvoiviny u total ~IIVI%~IIICII~ o~f$3 b i l l i u(.rt. ~ ~ ~1111c1t.r
~
In,n~o111 $2 2 hilli<tsan funqgn cam.sc~t*, the a t ~ w t c c~a~sidrrutiot~ with Jspa~~rse and other fc~rriynfirms.
I a l r tla. carrcnt huul y~.ur hr 1 7 h11111111 O i l n ~ i . ~ ~ altmr, n r s of SRI.I-II 11uvcnot IXYII FIIOII~II
In tlr, cliruclr f n ~ mIMl to 1971, lrun'r oil p r ~ d ~ ~ i 1 *1,- l u y the way for 1111of the Shah's i ~ ~ l l h a i t ~rasfor~~~. us
11#111 r < h ( . "1 all UVlVllgL.UII~UYI IU~l.llf14 5% NI~PUN!~ ~ n o r l r r ~ ~ i r uand t i ~ ~i~~~~.d ~ ~ s t r i u l i pe rut ~ t ig~r~a ~ ~~ ~ r .
* ~ l t 8% l werklwiclr und 10% fur the r c ~of t thc Middle l i ~ ) r e i gcnbdib;
~~ I~owrvcr. u,ill f i ~ ~ i t ~ ~lrilrl! lcv (IIIII-
I..e*t Tcduy lrun hus h w ~ m the e wcnld's fourth lurgat fiturth of Irun's i)rcjcr.ts during the n ~ r r5-ytur ~ ~ ~ plun.t
.t~l,l,lirr III oil. hJk~wing t l c Llnitoxl States. h ~ . 1.111Unitcxl - Stutrr has l r - r r ~u major so~lrivof h ~ i r
I 1 S S.H., und Shndi Aruhiu. Itsoutpt~t in 1971 W LI; 1.7 a\sirtanir., having prcrvidwl rillr~. iWi i;Iwt~t $1.1
l,lllio11 l~ilrro.l*.~~nc-tcnth o~fthe rw~rld'sh,tul. Wit11 hillio~ in~gr;111ts anol credits for tlac ~ ~ ~ Y ~ I I ~ ~ IUINI I I ~ ~INNII
3 rl~~slatrcl nwrvcs of rllnt. 70 hillicln burrub-nhrut III il~illlamI t 1 1 1l1t. 181il1litr\O l l ~ ( . ~ ~~i iI~~~~c~~~. ~ ~ o ~ B I I I ~ ~ I I -
IIPA of thv w#,rld's btal-lrun'r i n l p r t u n r r us un tal c r ~ d i t llilvr
r nma. ~ ~ O I I IW ~ s (:~*~III~II)..
t I:r;~l~rc.tllr
c~~~crnationul s~~pplio-r 111oil is ussrnd. ~1~1iIoxl K~II~~IIIII, ltal), :~II<I J~IXIII; i111ci tht, (:o~I>.
Irun's oil nwt.nau. have not rt.wl~rrk.ly hwuuw of IIIUII~S~ ~ r ~ e s l r i orinw ~ r 19% Iravr 1.~1c.111lt.d O Y ( ~ $1 ~
t~~c.n.uv.d ol~tput.I.'r,r wtnr t i ~ n rtho. Slrah and his l~illit~ it1r ~I~III<IIII~C
~ crt~lits,IIIO~I* that) 11df of it i r t , ~ ~ ~
I , ~lr#,u.ntntivc.s huvo* no.gc*iutrd artuk.ly with brrigo 1111. hnit.1 l ' a ~ i u t0aivl1 ~ ~ . IM.~\~'.I:I~ IOtii inolcl Ic);i .11,11
c . 1 1 ~r,t~tllurlio% for all i~~c.n.u.uxI shuro. ttf 1111- pn,fils h w l ~ . t ~ v ;$:>Li ~ I ~~n~ i i I~
l +11,~
n~ 6.1tvi115
l~ 1 8 8 0 ,IIII~I,DI\ IN
As the Shah 60es, So 6oes
1 Iran (c)
1
~~bpelation is growing at more than a million a year. ~ l t ~ r m h r o i l t rill
l thv lliylily r.hilrgrcl Arab-Israeli
fnm a total of 31 million in 1973, i t is estimated that tl~~urr~4r on its ollr sidr. wbilc. 11lIrt11ri11gn rnpprwhb-.
thrrr will he 50 m i l l i ~ mIranians by 1W9. Muehof this nlrnt with t l ~ rSoviet 1lnio11I~II the othrr.
~ntpulatic~n will he ecorn~micallyunproductive. Nearly Thrrc is 11c1 effrc.tivr chullrngr to thr Shah's paC
57% of Iran's people are now under the age of 20, and
the l n t ~ l i n ay~.
l ~ will fall a\ the ~ n ~ p u l i l t i oinereas<%.
n
As the young arc er~tering h r labor furur faster th.11
the ecwnnmy can ahsnrb them. lran is paradoxically
s y s t ~ ~ r ~ ~ - ~ n ~ lsn,ial,
i l i c a ~n11d
, I~YIIIII~I~C-is that i t
ronfnrntc~dwith the problem of growing unemploy- I d~lmd
11111 ~ V I I i l ~ \ l i l ~ ~ t i ~ ~ ~ I~t lUSI'I.b i ( . ( to for
tllrnt at the time of its great~stec~~nomic surge. 111the
~ w ~ i t iinqx.ltlr.
al i ~ a p i r a t i antl1lirtr3i1,11
~~~~. upun h
citio, where people from the countryside continue to nlonr. Althol~ghan admir~istrutivrn p p n r i l t ~has ~ h n
kr,nlr i t 1 uarch of jobs, t~nemployment hus heen crwtrd am1 is vl~gngrcli n the daily owrutinn of th..
t.,tir~~atrclar high as 12% of the labor form. Fnr w)mr. varilnls pnJvt.ls 111% has latlt~rhcv~. fiv dtvisin~isa n '
lltr t~pportt~nities for wrial mobility are i11rrrasi4 ar a
llln111~It! illl).lllll~ 1)llt 1111' Sllilll
II.\III~ of thr rcc,~~o~nic cl~~vr~lc~pment, but thrre is nn
p.tida,~~c~. tlrilt the yup Irtrn.rw~the rich n ~ the ~ dp r t r
i u s l>rt.rl \uhstantially ~rarruwtd. Eeentially, lran
IUII*~ \till Ir.<v,~fi\i<lc*rrul
t a ~ t t l ~ ~ r c l ~ ~ vIxvuasr l the
t ~ l t , p ~of
lanw Iwr cal~ita (;NP (atnn11 $400 n ymr) of its
111hn11itn11t~.
Nrverthelrss. the nruntry'\ stability and t%onornic
~ ~ a t l ~make
x i k its overall prospects gucd und its future
~pn~n~ising. Its ties with the Wcst are strong ones.
\Ii,rm,ver, lran has manag~ulto remain relatively
Chronology (ulou)
599-330 B.C. 1846
'The first Peninn emplm, fmnded by Cyrus the C:wrt of MOY
the Achpcmnid dynnrty, rventually er(enda frost what USSR witlnle~w~ ttr trmyn +roan 1r;m d t v r Lr.tnt.ua u u t t -
,I now AfUh.nistn? in thr east tu t
h M d i t r r r r m v ~ urvl
t pluinh lo t l r UN L.rnrily Ctnuril n.g.tr'lllmg Sal\ic.t
A e ~ c a nxu in the -1. hilurr iu wilhclnw ncapyiny trcx>ps afh, c,~dof \\'srltl
War II.
a :xu) B.C.
Alesslrlcr ti* (:rntt is rnnv#*.cf kiux uf I'n.r*ia itfl4.r cia.- lWU
(eating Penisn hncw. ntsrkiltg brninniny d Creek nth., Fcb~uuy
which luted until c. 950 B.C. 'I'udch (klttw-j l?trty. thv C ~ , n t ~ ~ ~wliti~,.tl
~ ~ ~ tn ~i ~~ ~t >
33,
IUI plil
All &~swta~;t~r
clanamiru trurtr. u,xlt.r Arab Man~li~ua ~ ~ ~ ~ IL.LIBIIW
~w~atn~l. M ~ I I I u U~t~inde(t ~ ~ ~ ~ Prnnnr Sl1111a1t.m.
~t~~trkinyun nltrrat (UU-ycur pericrl '8 pdilical akdivn..
lurl
,Ilnmily, uml clhumlrr oa~der the Amb. T u b . a~td
Monwls. Aulwc
h 4 a d q ~ u r t c 4lay wuy. 1 8 r l tin. Sh;tlt, x l w Ih.wl th.d lu
ISOI-17313 L'unyr after un nhwtivc attempt uguilrrt hl~rn~tltv~ 4
Under the Srfvvid dy~lvrtyinternal ot&r a d unlty uw few days eawlirr, ~c.turwcltu Iran.
dmrd m d Shia Irhn, is estmblirhnl pr the data reli@on.
1855
1705 Nomkr
Lon8 dynuly of thr Turkic @ivn hyltrr. Iran @ins HuLclid Part, which in 1W Iwcaaa. t l ~ r
1 w (CYNTO).
O.nlrul Twatly C~yn~,ia+liuu
b'cbnury
Sucnsful wug Inl uyvinrt Qrivr wui~n~s hy He,.xt K~HII,
leader of sn 1rsni.n army C o ~ r u ~biyp<k.
k ard &yyicl
Ziu ed-Din Tubatubai, who Iatrr kcante Ritne Minirhr.
Trrnly of Frirrulship aiyn.d with th. Rurrkn &let Fed-
eral Swiulirt RrpuMic.
lms IW
lkambn Seplnnbr
Comnattnm cd ha Kltian. I w ~ ~ ~ f~~# Yr) W
t hI Iin HCAI Unilateral drcl~rrticna by Iritth. law I&Ir.llcth 111 1 1 ~
Shah Pnhlavi. IISSR, that lranintt vnil wiN nc* h. u w l I>>
ftuciys plwrra
for ~ s i u ihl m .
1M1
A"W.4
Unitcll Kira#<k~n s r ~ th.
l LlSSH invlulc lrun Is <rn#ntvr IS-V
IhmaI ~d t.xplll\in~ ( * m ) Y I b imfl~mt\.- Nntbnd rrfercsdu8t#on Shah; sir-poial rrf,,nu pnnur.al,
nv~lkit, < ~ v ~ ~ w k . lvtw
n ~ iin
~ ~fsva~r
y 811 l)n!gritt~b.
kplsmber
~ c r shah
s whdicut.xi n ) f;avor ~d his wn. Mchrnnna'l HWAI Sdcmber
Shah. Prrlist~rntluyr k i i c ~ n rk L l fcn Plrt hl;tjlw.
1OM
luly Febrvuy
Imn, Psklrtan, and Turkey eshbUnh Regiood Csoperntion Shnh cancel trip to Srucl! Amhiv in clbpuk over status
for Dcvelo-nl (RCD). af Bahrotn ar eusnpetltrua nt tlw Pt.rsnnu (:"If o~nnttnlr
scptcmbsr
Januw Shah visib; USSR
Prinls Minister Hasan-Ali MHILJUI.
-~siknated by a mem- Oaabn
ber of s fanatical Mu.lim group; Amir A b h Haveyda Municipal m n ~ Urhctlors M d in, Iawr cttl.. plxl
appointed Rime Miniatm. olw
.',
Awil Nmembr
Altempt un Shvhh life by a ~uhwrlptnnabrr of I#nprinl Shab vbibi Saudi Arab& and Kuw*at
Cusd.
1880
Jum April
The Shah &s offkid visit lo USSR.
Lan b n a h dlplomalic relations with Lebanon uver Lb-
ne.e refusal to e d t t e Lt. Gen. Tmur BahLtnor, wmIwl
I*wur fm b d in La"
Iran and USSH sgrn h t USSH will build a r k l mill, Iran abrogate. 1837 a m m e n t wlth lnul uwr W e . B
develqr inn and mal, plod build n pipeline far Lanian the Shstt PI Arab h u a e of ullugcrl Irwa vudationr
m h m l gss to USSR.
Oftobor
1987
Shnh vutta Unitrd S t l t s l
Jmuuy
Soviet military d i t of US$llO nlillian extended to Irlua. 1810
Aupld July
Parliamentary election. held for 22nd Milis. Gsnersl Tunw BrhLUu ~rrsrrlrwted m irrrr by lraulut
agents.
1811
Scpternbor
Crmstihlrnt ummbly amends constitution to provide for J ~ Y
N-inn to Shah; Empress named Regent. r e3rd MqUr
Psrltsmmntary ~ l a t l a n for
Ootaber Odobrr
Coronalion of Mobammad Heza Shah. Celebration of 2,SUUth unnlverauy by Pe'enlan Monarchy.
Novombrr Navmbr
US smn,mir aid to Iran offiuirlly en&. Iranlnn fo- m p y Persian Gulf IJnndv of Alru Muw
and the Tunbs.
1088
J v l81S
Brit'uh unnwnw tlaey will pull forers out of Penlaa Gulf O a k
ut md of 1871. Shah nzd Em- vktt USSH
IS
ECONOMY, (Continued) hm, Muhhad, and Tabrir; 307,500 telephmu (1871);'
Aid Continued) 3 million radio neeiven (1870) and 100.000 TV receivsrr
(1872); 8.1 AM. 1 FM, nnd I 8 TV U i o w (Januul
Militw-$325 m U l h in lid extended by V.S.S.R. 1873); rtellite gmund atation
(1887-71); tot.] U.S. aid 18.18-72 mounted to $1.700
million (St DEFENSE FORCES:
MlUtw mmnpowsri Malu 154Q. 1.255.000; about 5 B I
M a e b y mmvcrsion rater 75.75 rials-US$I (1872)
fit for military remica; about 317.IM w.ch military .p
F i d reui 21 M d - a O March ($1) annually
Pe"m"xel, 2 w m , 88 follow.: gmud f0mr. 1 m . m
navy. 13.000 (including 3 . 0 9 nav;d infantry); sir f o w .
R.iln,.dsz 2,875 miles 4'8%" a g e . 57 miles 5'8" a g e 50,000 (461 pilots); gmdsrmsrir, 70.300 (S)
Hi&w*r.ysr28,500 mile.; 7.100 miles wverl. 1P.B00 nliln Major -d units, 5 diviaionr (2 infantry, 3 armoradh I
grpvel d mushed dorm, 8,500 mile improved cuth 1 m y avhtion command, 4 epnratc brig.de. 12 Infantry.
1 airborne Wantry. 1 rpedsl force) (S)
Inlud r a t m a m i 585 miles, not Including Cupian Sea.
Shipr 1 guhlnd-mieile datmyer. 2 W - m i s a i l s de-
Shntt sl Arab. and Lsks U.rmia
stroyer emrty. 12 p.t.01 craft, 6 mine warfare, 4 am-
Pipliaai Cruds oil, 3,300 mihs; refined pmducts, 2,785 phihiour croft, 21 service waft, 2 yttuhts; 10 hovercraft (S)'
miles; natural pu, 1.760 miles
h a f t s '508, including 320 (212 jet) in air force;
Pwtl: 7 tnajor. 6 minor nonjq in gemiarma3i.. 117 -id In gwund fom., and
M w h . a l m v i v t 15 ship (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 18 nonjet in navy (S)
150,388 GRT, or 218,075 DWT; Lneluda I1 cargo, 4 supplyi ~mdueud l .mu md m u n i t i o n to 105ma;
tanker bulk of equipment fmm U.S.. some antitank mirsilex f m n
Civil air; 18 major tramport aircraft Francs. m l e surface-to-air missiles a d naval crdt fmm
U.K.. heUmpten fmm Italy; since 1887 has rcceiwd
A U i i ! d ~118 die; 6 have ~ n w a y so m 12.000 ft.; 15
have runrnyr 8,0Wll.S9€! ft.; 48 have runways 4 . W sl&ie.nt qusntltiu of m o d vehicles, utillery (b.
7 . M It.; 49 Held. have permanent-surfaced runways; duding self-pmplbd AA guns), nnd tmspmt vehid.l.
82 airfield sit- fmm the U.S.S.R.; recently AA l u n s and UM- ,
TekeommunluHoll:: Mvannd system of hi&ap.dC
dated radar from Swiherland, and tanks fmm U.K. (a
reo-relay links, apenuire Lines, cables, and tropospheric MiHtary bud& For fiscal year d i n g 20 March 1875;'
links; principal csntm Tehran; necondary centen. Erfa- a t h a t e d at $1,471.2 million; about aO.396 of t d bud&
ORICFIWG FOR TDY PERSONNEL
HERE, WITH THE HOPE THAT I T WILL ASSIST YOU I N PERFORMIllG YOUR
MISSION. #
(C) INTRODUCTION: THIS RESUME BEGINS WITH A COIiSIDERATION
m n m OUTLIm
OF U.S. NATIONAL INTERESTS AT STAKE I N IRAN. I T COilTINUES WITH
A B I T OF STAGE SETTING BY WEIGHING THE IMPLICATIOHS OF IRAN'S
GEOGRAPHIC LOCAT1014 I N THE MIDDLE EAST AND BY EXAMINING THE
4
,
?. .. ,.'. * " r 1
I
\#' b,b> J -4 ...'
l4b.b.A
I
s l i ~C8~
UP- (U) PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS: TO MAINTAIN A LORRI CT
u.s.mAR
FRAME OF REFERENCE, I T I S NECESSARY TO RENEWER THAT IRAN I S
A LARGE COUNTRY. SOnE 636.000 SQUARE MILES. STATING I T S SIZE
I N HORE MEANINGFUL TERMS, I F IRAN WERE SUPERIMPOSED ON A MAP
OF THE UNITED STATES. I T WOULD COVER MOST OF OUR COUNTRY EAST
SILVER ITEMS.@
6
Slide 126
CI (3
FAMOUS POETS AS S M D I AND HAFEZ ARC LOCATED IiCRC. NEARIW I S
TCMB OF HAFEZ
THF VERY ANCIENT CITY, AND FORMCR CAPITAL OF THE PERSI 4 EMPIRE.
Slide 6127
PERSEPOLIS PCRSCPOLIS, OR AS LOCALLY PREFERRED, "TAKHTE-JAMSHID,"
6 SITE OF
Slide #28 THE TWO THOUSAND FIVE HUNDREDTH ANNIVERSARY CELEBRATION7 111 1971.
2500th
UniIVERSARY @THESE TWO RUGGED RANGES CRADLE A VAST, ARID, CENTRAL PLAIEAU
9
P
C;"'" \',, 1,
"
I
., 3
@(u) TllE MAJOR TRIBAL GROUPS ARE TllC KUItDS, TllE BAKIII IAIUS,
THE 6H>HLHAI, THE BALUCHIS AND THE TURKONNS. THERE ARE ALSO
llUMEROUS SMALLER TRIBES SUCH AS TtIE LURDS, SHAIISAVAIJS, AI SHARS
AND OTHER MINOR TRIBAL ELEMENTS. OF THOSE MENTIONED. THF KURDS
AND THC BAKHTIARIS ARE THE LARGEST, NUMBERING ABOUT TWO MILLION
AN0 ONE MILLION RESPECTIVELY. EXCEPT FOR AN ABORTIVE RUSSIAN
ATTEMPT AFTER WORLD WAR 11. THE KURDS HAVE NEVER BEEN A NATrON,
BUT HAVE BEEN A DISTINCT ETHNIC GROUP FOR ABOUT 3,000 YEAIIS.
THE IRANIAN KURDS L I V E I N THE NORTHWESTERN BOROER AREA. @
LEAST ACCOMPANY HIM PART WAY. I F YOU DON'T, I T WILL SEEM YOU
12
\ - .. "" ' .m .. ,
1 , >,."., ,. ,-..a. .....-I 7
STRANGER WHO COMES TO IRAN CAN OELIGllT I N IRANIAN HOSPIIALITY,
WHICH APPROACHES A NATIONAL ART FORM.
BACK SOCIAL DEBTS. IRANIANS ENJOY BEING HOST AN0 ARE HONORED BY
Y W R COMPANY. HOSPITALITY I N IRAN I S SO STRONG AND IMPOI(TANT
WOMEN WILL ASK FOR SOFT DRINKS. WHEN GIVEN A CHOICE. REMEMBER
WHISKEY I S EXPENSIVE: VODKA AND BEER ARE NOT.
(U) IRANIANS SAY IIIAT THE S1611T 01' A ti1 NLllOUS TAEI E I S
IJHAT SATISFILS THEM--THE TABLE HAS "0ARAKAT"---BOUNTY. IN A
TRADITIONAL HOME, A CLOTH---"S0FRF:"---IS SPREAD ON Tlll CARPETED
FLOOR WITH GUESTS SITTING AROUND I T . I N MORE MODERN IIOMES
FOOD IS SERVED BUFFET STYLE AND GUESTS TAKE FWD ON TIILIR PLATE/
All0 R E M I N CLUSTEREII AROUND THE TABLE, REACllING FOR WRE AS TH
WANT I T . I N IRAN THE ENJOYMENT OF FOOD I S A SERIOUS ANU
IMPORTANT MATTEN. EATING I S RAPID AND ABSORDING, WITIl LITTLE
CONVERSATION. THE RULE TO FOLLOW IS--EAT AS SOON AS YOU HAVE
FOOD--PITCH IN--DON'T LET I T GET COLD WHILE YOU WAIT FOR OTHEA
BUT DON'T FEEL YOU HAVE TO EAT MORE THAN YOU WANT. EVEN THOUGH
14
TIICY ARE QUICK TO TAKI OI I I NSL SII0UI.D AlJYOlI1 L I SC 110 SO. LVCN
I41 MARKS MAIX I N JLST MAY Ill. lAKLN S I IlIOUSI Y . MY AIJVICI 111 YOU
MAJESTY SET THE EXAMPLE BY GIVING AWAY MOST OF THE ROYAL IANDS,
OF THC LITERACY CORPS, THEY SET UP SCHOOLS AND TEACH THE VILLAGE
15-A
I
i d d.. * 1 .a. .
.
.a
EFFICIENCY AND TO EI)IICATL COVERNMCNr WOItKI.ItS. ALt4O'~I LVCllY
IN THE EVENING,*
Slide ff% (U) IRAN I S ALSO STRIVING TO BUILD AN INDUSTRIAL BASE [HAT
RmrSTRT
WOULD RIVAL THAT OF WESTERN EUROPEAN COUNTRIES. TO GET VARIOUS
OVER THE PAST FIVE YEARS AND HAS BEEN EMPLOYED TO FINANCL
17
rn&S
f TRANSPORTERS, ALOIlG WITH SOME FARM MACIIINERY.
BOATS
w HAS BEEN MADE HERE I S THE FACT THAT ONE CAN BUY LOCALLY-MAilUFACTbIIED '
THE WAR. THE BRITISH HONORED THIS AGREEMENT. BUT THE SOVIETS
IWN. FOR OVER A DECADE THERE HAVE BEEN FLARE-UPS AND FIRE-
AS AN UNWELCOME DEVELOPMENT. 0
aids Y70 (C) IRAN I S PAKISTAN'S FOREMOST REGIONAL ALLY. IRl\tt HAS
PMISTU
REPEATEDLY COMMITTED ITSELF TO INSURING THE CONTINUCU POLITICAL
THE GULF. THE SHAH HAS SOUGHT TO HAVE THE ARABS ACCEPT IRAN'
A BORDER DISPUTE BROKE OUT BETWEEN IRAQ AND KUWAIT, IRAN PROMP
OFFERED MILITARY ASSISTANCE TO KUWAIT. THOUGH KUWAIT APPRLCIA
ACCEPT THE IRANIAN OFFER. AT THE OTHER EN0 OF THC GULF, HOWEV
fi3
8.1PLDm - k.q
(C) I N A CONFLICT WITH IRAQ, I T I S LIKELY THAT THE SHAH
ENVISIONS A SHORT. PRE-EMPTIVE AND NON-CONSULTATIVE ENGAGEMENT.
BORROWIN6 A LEAF FROM THE ISRAEL'S 1967 BOOK, THE AIR FORCE
WOULD BE EMPLOYED I N A SWIFT STRIKE TO NEUTRALIZE IRAQI
AIRFIELDS AND TO GAIN AIR'SUPERIORITY. GROUND FORCES* MANEUVERS
nouLo BE DESIGNED TO SEIZE AND SECURE TERRITORY SO THAT
CEASE-FIRE LINES WOULD BE DRAWN I N IRAQ. SIMULTANEOUSLY, THE
A I R FORCE AND NAVY WOULD BE CHARGED WITH DEFENDING IRAN'S
CRITICAL O I L FACILITIES.
9ud. f f b
STnATmT
O W
- (c) THOUGH ME IRANIAN NAVY HAS FORMERLY BEEN T A S K E ~WITH
COASTAL DEFENSE AND ANTI-INFILTRATION OPERATIONS, I T I S NOW
RECEIVING A MUCH MORE EXPANSIVE MISSION. I T APPEARS THAT THE
I N THE REGION. @
(C) DEFENSE ORGANIZATION. AN ANPLYSIS OF THE IRANIAN
23
r e . ,.,. . .,,..
I
Ld.-l .d.,:.4 *..-. #
!
WITII COORnIP1ATiON: I T CONTllOLS NO FORCLS AND llAS NO DII(LCT1VE
AUTHORITY. THE THREE SERVICE CHIEFS, GElltRAL KHATAYI ( A I R FORCE),
GENERAL O V E I S I (GROUND FORCES) AND REAR ADMIRAL ATTAII (IdAVY)
CONSTITUTE OTHER POWER POINTS WHICH HAVE DIRECT CHAIN OF COMl4AWI)
25
, "I...
$ in
JUU-J b d L .1- ----L*i
I
TOTAL OF OVER 1,800 REFLECTS THE INCORPORATION,OF 750 CHIEFTA.
H E D I W TANKS AN0 250 SCORPION COMBAT RECONNAISSANCE VCllICLLS
WHICH IRAN HAS PURCHASED FRU4 THE U.K. THE ARTILLERY FIGURES
I N THE TABLE REFER TO 1 5 5 W OR LARGER SELF-PROPELLED PIECES.
(C) AIR FORCE. OUTFITTED ALWST EXCLUSIVELY WITH U.S.
EQUIPMENT, THE I I A F WERGES AS THE MOST TECHNOLOGICALLY
ADVANCE0 AND DYNAMIC IRA)(IAN SERVICE r THE AIR
FORCE HAS W E VAST IWROVEMENTS FROM I T S VERY HUMBLE BEGINNING
I N 1929, AMl I T S END OF WORLD WAR I1 STATUS OF HAVING TWO OBSOLI
SQUADRONS. TODAY, UNDER THE L W E R S H I P OF GENERAL KHATAMI, THE
I I A F I S EQUIPPED WITH THE LATEST I N AIRCRAFT. I S HIGHLY TRAINED
AND MITIVATED AW I S CONSIDERED CAPABLE OF EFFECTIVELY UTILIZING
0
I T S AIRCRAFT, WHICH INCLUDE F-4's, F-5's. C-1301s, AND A NUMBER
OF MISCELLANEOUS SERVICE AIRCRAFT. 0
(C) MODERN AIRCRAFT FACILITIES HAVE BEEN CONSTRUCTED AN0 THE
I I A r HAS OPERATIONAL BASES AND FACILITIES AT HEHRABAD. OOSHEN
TAPPEH, DEZFUL. HAMADAN (VAHDATI) AN0 MASHED MN
G OTHER LOOATION
THE I I A F SPEAKS ONLY ENGLISH H
EN FLYING AND OPERATES A VERV
HIDERN ENGLISH-LANGUAGE INSTRUCTIONAL FACILITY I N TEHRAN. MANY
OF OUR DEPEWENT WIVES ASSIST I N TEACHING AT THIS FACILITY.
THE I I A F ALSO OPERATES RADAR SITES. W Y OF WHICH ARE LOCATE0 I N
EXTREMELY RMOTE LOCATIONS AND ARE SUBJECTED TO EXTREMELY SEVERE
WEATHER CONDITIONS.
(C) AS WITH THE GROUND FORCES. THE I I A F PLANS TO ICREASE
I T S PERSOllNEL STREIKTII BY KOUGHLY 5 0 PtRCL:IT WITHIN I H E 11
F I V E YEARS. THREE NI U MAIN OPERI\TINC BASTS WILL 111 I ONSTRI
, ??%. - n *,
L ,\.,,,-J a*.,. *"s..*.-J
Mi N ' S SCHOOL, TllC SI /\I""\PISIIIP SCIIOOL, AP4U OTlltR S1 11001 5 A L 0 l r c ~
WITH SEVERAL SI4ALL CIb7FT. ALSO LOCATED ON THE CASPIAll AHE TllE
I I N TRAINING LLNTLNL A 1 BANIJAR PAHLAVI, AS WtLL AS TIlL H t C R U l T
TABLE - HIYI
#lo1
(~onfidentirl)
(C) THOUGH THE SMALLEST OF THE THREE SERVICES, THE IMPERIAL
IRANIAN NAVY I S ALSO EXPERIENCING SIGNIFICANT GROWTH. THE I I N
AND U T I L I T Y ROLES. #
MAP -
S l j de P O 2
DISPOSITJON
OF BASES (ConfiderI t i a l )
(C) DISPOSITION OF FORCES. TllE LOCATIOli OF IRAN'S MAJ
, ..29 . .. . 'm
1 ), - I Y . -
. -
SOURCE OF ACQUISITION OF U.S. M I L I l A R Y EQUIPMENT FOR IRAN
SINCE 1964. 0
slide #lo5 (U) ORGANIZATION OF ARMISH-MI\&: i.URRCNTLY A U M I S H - I W
DOD CREST
I S COMMANDED BY MAJOR GENERAL DEVOL BRETT WHO, I N ADDITION TO
H I S CHIEF. ARMISH-MAAQ DUTIES. ALSO FUNCTIONS AS TllE SENIOR
STAFF. @
(U) CURRENTLY. ARMISH-MAAG HAS SLIGHTLY UNDER 2 5 0
flO7
msU-nM0 AUTHORIZED POSITIONS. THOUGH T H I S NUMBER I S MRRKEOLY LESS THAV
n*IMnO
I N PREVIOUS YEARS. I T I S LARGELY THE PRODUCT OF A REORGANIZATION.
I N SEPTEMBER 1972 THE ENTIRE SUPPORT SECTION WAS DETACllED FROM
ARMISH-MAAG AND ASSlGdED TO USCINCEUR. THUS, THE SUPPORT
A C T I V I T Y HERE I N TEHRAN I S NO LONGER CHARGEABLE TO ARMISH-MAG
PRESENT REQUIREMENTS. 0.
slias #Lo9 (U) A.= THI A I R rOllCE SECTION I S COLLOCATI I1 WITll II
AIR RRCB
m S
T A I R FORCE HEAOQUARTI I6 I N THE SOUTHEASTERN PART OF TOWN.
BANDAR ABBAS.
(U) EUCOM SUPPORT ACTIVITY. U l l T I L LAST FALL, ARMISH-MAA
31
I N SEPTEMBER 1972 THESE FUI4CTIONS WCRC SEPARATED FROM
FUNDS. e
MAP -
Sli& T-ll3
LOCATION
Q TU"T PERSONNEL
(C) MOTIiCR DISTINCTIOEI BETWCLN AHMISII-WAG ANIJ TllC T A l T
33
. . . ,_..,
I Sid.#U.b SPECTRUM OF CONVLI\TIONAL MILITARY EQUIPMENT PRODUCED BY AMERICAN
I ~0~~~ DEFENSE INOUSTRItS. THIS SLIDE SHOWS THE DRAMATIC DEGREE TO
WHICH RAN HAS PICKED UP THE OPTIONS EXTENDED.
-
ANOTHER W O R INVESTMENT. I N AODITION TO THE IMPRESSIVE
FINANCIAL OUTLAYS LISTED. THE SOPHISTICATION OF SEVERAL OF THCSE
-XIlS WEAPON SYSTEMS c o m A N o s ATTENTIoNPFuRTHER, THE SHAHIS INTEREST
pornmu
ACTlOW
(C-&M) I N PURCHASING ADDITIONAL ADVANCED WEAPONS REMAINS UNABATED.
35
?. * , . .. "
. L . " .
LOOKS TO l t i S NEW FOI(CtS TO tNHANCE H I S NATION'S REClONAL AND