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Objectives
To develop functional model of Novel Hybrid type Superconducting Fault Current Limiter (HT-SFCLs)
Superconducting fault current limiter application - to reduce the transformer Inrush current
Introduction
As increase in power demand
Complexity increases
In normal operation impedance is low High speed working In fault condition high impedance Repeated using
Tc Jc Bc
S/N transition
Maximum Resistance ( Rn )
Time Constant ( TF ) Recovery starting resistance ( Rr ) Recovery Slope ( a )
5
0.05 5 -100
s 1/s
2nd winding is connected in series with HTSC element total in parallel with 1st winding.
Flux-Lock type SFCL Turns number of coil 1(N1 ) Turns number of coil 2(N2 ) Turns number of coil 3(N3 ) Resistance inserted in coil 3 (R) 100 40
Value
Simulation Results
Test system
System frequency
Line nominal current Load impedance Total simulation time
50
10.9 11.5+ j 0.1 2
Line Current
line current 0.080 line current 0.060
0.040
line current in kA
0.020
0.000
-0.020
-0.040
-0.060
Time in sec
0.0100
0.0080
0.0060
0.0040
0.0020
0.0000 0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 1.75 2.00 ... ... ...
0.20
line current in kA
0.10
0.00
-0.10
-0.20
Time in sec
1.00
1.25
1.50
1.75
2.00
0.200
0.175 0.150
0.125
0.100
0.075 0.050
0.025
1.25
1.50
1.75
2.00
Time in sec
0.200
0.150
line current in kA
0.100
0.050
0.000
-0.050
-0.100
Time in sec
1.00
1.25
1.50
1.75
2.00
0.080
0.060
0.040
0.020
0.000 0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 1.75 2.00
Time in sec
Summary of simulation results for test system under line to ground fault with and without RSFCL
Without RSFCL Parameter Line fault current Value 206.8141 Unit A (rms) Parameter Line fault current With RSFCL Value 23.9 Unit A (rms)
Test system model under line to ground fault with Flux- Lock type SFCL
PSCAD test system under line to ground fault with Flux-Lock type SFCL
line cutrrent in kA
0.00
-0.10
-0.20
Time in sec
1.00
1.25
1.50
1.75
2.00
Time in sec
1.00
1.25
1.50
1.75
2.00
Results of flux-lock SFCL with Coil3 to Coil1 turns ratio of SFCL = 0.5
line current 0.30 line current 0.20 0.10
line cutrrent in kA
0.00
-0.10
-0.20
-0.30 0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 1.75 2.00
Time in sec
0.175
0.150
0.125
0.100
0.075
0.050
0.025
Time in sec
1.00
1.25
1.50
1.75
2.00
Results of flux-lock SFCL with Coil3 to Coil1 turns ratio of SFCL = 0.1
line current 0.200 line current 0.150 0.100
line cutrrent in kA
0.050
0.000
-0.050
-0.100
-0.150 0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 1.75 2.00
Time in sec
0.120
0.100
0.080
0.060
0.040
0.020
0.000 0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 1.75 2.00 ... ... ...
Time in sec
Results of flux-lock SFCL with Coil3 to Coil1 turns ratio of SFCL = 0.01
line current 0.200 line current 0.150 0.100
line cutrrent in kA
0.050
0.000
-0.050
-0.100
Time in sec
1.00
1.25
1.50
1.75
2.00
Time in sec
1.00
1.25
1.50
1.75
2.00
Conclusions
Superconducting fault current limiters are studied
Functional model of Resistive type and Flux-lock type SFCLs are developed in PSCAD
Cases studied on test system in PSCAD software. 1. Without RSFCL 2. With RSFCL 3. Flux-lock type SFCL a) With N3/N1=1 b) With N3/N1= 0.5 c) With N3/N1= 0.1 d) With N3/N1= 0.01
Future Work
To run simulation studies with two or more FCLs in a larger distribution system, and monitor its effect on current mitigation, relay co-ordination.
Also, with increased interest in distributed generation, it would be useful to evaluate the performance of the FCL in terms of current reduction.
References
[1] Andrew T Rowley, "Superconducting fault current limiters", The Institution of Electrical Engineers printed and published by the IEE, Savoy Place, London WCZR OBL, UK, 1995. [2] Xueguang Wu, Joseph Mutale, Nick Jenkins and Goran Strbac", An Investigation of network splitting for fault level reduction", The Manchester Centre for Electrical Energy (MCEE), UMIST, UK, September 2003. [3] Willi Paul, Makan Chen, "Superconducting control of surge currents", IEEE SPECTRAM. May 1998. [4] Swarn S. Kalsi, Member and Alex Malozemoff, Senior Member, "HTS fault current limiter concept", published in proceeding of IEEE power Engineering Society Meeting, June 6- 10, 2004. [5] Mathias Noe and Michael Steurer, "High-temperature superconductor fault current limiters: concepts, applications, and development status", Institute for Technical Physics, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Hermannvon-Helmholtz-Platz , 76344 Eggenstein Leopoldshafen, Germany Center for Advanced Power Systems, Florida State University, Tallahassee, USA.,Published 15 January 2007. [6] S.R. Currhs, R. Santos, G. Domarco, A. Diaz, J.A. Veira, J. Maza, M.X.Francois* and F. Vidal, "Construction and characterization of an inductive superconducting current limiting device based on ceramic YBa2Cu307 Orings", Cryogenics 37 (19Y7) 6X-655 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.,1997. [7] Lin Ye, Member, IEEE, M. Majoros, T. Coombs, and A. M. Campbell, "System Studies of the Superconducting Fault Current Limiter in Electrical Distribution Grids", IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, Vol.17, No. 2, June 2007.
References
[8] Sung-Hun Lim, Hyo-Sang Choi, Dong-Chul Chung, Seokcheol Ko, and Byoung-Sung Han, "Impedance Variation of a Flux-Lock Type SFCL Dependent on Winding Direction Between Coil 1 and Coil 2", IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, Vol.15, No. 2, June 2005. [9] J. S. Kim, S. H. Lim, and J. C. Kim, "Study on Protection Coordination of a Flux-Lock Type SFCL with Over-Current Relay", IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, Vol.20, No. 3, June 2010. [10] C. Kurupakorn, H. Kojima, N. Hayakawa, M. Goto, N. Kashima, S. Nagaya, M. Noe, K.-P. Juengst, and H. Okubo, "Recovery Characteristics after Current Limitation of High Temperature Superconducting Fault Current Limiting Transformer (HTc-SFCLT)", IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, Vol.15, No. 2, June 2005. [11] Hye-Rim Kim, Seong-Woo Yim, Sung-Yong Oh, and Ok-Bae Hyun, "Recovery in Superconducting Fault Current Limiters at Low Applied Voltages", IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, Vol.18, No. 2, June 2008. [12] Lin Ye and Klaus-Peter Juengst, "Modeling and Simulation of High Temperature Resistive Superconducting Fault Current Limiters", IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, Vol.14, No. 2, June 2004. [13] T. Matsumura, H. Shimizu and Y. Yokomizu, "Design Guideline of Flux-Lock Type HTS Fault Current Limiter for Power System Application", IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, Vol.11, No. 1, March 2001
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