1. TOP DOWN OR BOTTOM UP?

Classify the processes of producing nanomaterials TOP DOWN BOTTOM UP a) Plasma etching b) Epitaxial growth c) Hierarchical carbon nanotube strucrures d) Decomposition of biological materials in nature 2. a) b) c) d) x x x x

Is energy required to reduce a bulk material to nanoparticles? Energy is required Energy is released Energy is not consumed The question is generally irrelevant

3. Calculate the surface fraction of sodium (Na) atoms in a spherical cluster approximation: all atoms form a spherical 10-nm diameter cluster. The covalent radius R of sodium is equal to 0.144 nm. (you may need the formulas 4/3 r3 and 4 r2) ANSWER: 12.3% 4. What is the order of energy stability (most stable to least stable) for bcc low index surfaces ANSWER:

() > () > ().

110 100 111

5. What is the order of energy stability (most stable to least stable) for fcc low index surfaces ANSWER:

() > () > (). 111 100 110

(111) (100) (110)

bcc

fcc

Forces 6. What is the primary attraction between non-polar molecules? a) London dispersion attraction b) Dipole-dipole attraction

c) Gravitational attraction d) Magnetic attraction 7. a) b) c) d) 8. a) b) c) d) 9. a) b) c) d) Powdered sugar sticks to our clothes because Electromagnetic force is greater than gravity force Adhesive force is greater than gravity force Youngs modulus of sugar changes with size Sugar has low Reynolds number As the mass of a mechanical system decreases, its optimal driving frequency Remains constant Increases Decreases Not enough information to conclude a trend Gravitational Force (weight) scales as S3. How scales the acceleration? S-2 S-1 S0 S1

10. There are four fundamental forces in nature. Which one is not the case? a) The strong interaction which is responsible for holding the nuclei of atoms together. b) The electromagnetic force which causes electric and magnetic effects c) The weak force which is responsible for radioactive decay and neutrino interactions. d) The van der Waals force which is responsible for the molecular interaction 11. How many oxygen atoms lined up in a row would fit in a one nanometer space? a) None; an oxygen atom is bigger than 1 nm b) One c) Seven d) Seventy

12. What kind of intermolecular interactions do you expect to prevail between the following molecules? Dipole-dipole Dispersion forces Hydrogen bonding

a) Diclhoromethane

b) Heptane c) Water

13. Which interactions are responsible for attraction and repulsion of atoms and molecules? a) Strong nuclear forces b) Weak nuclear forces c) Electrostatic d) Gravitational 14. How do you expect the vibrational frequencies of nanocantilevers to change with increasing Frequency increases Frequency decreases a) Mass b) Dimensions: thickness, length, width c) Bond strength of chemical consistuents d) Density 15. Supramolecular chemistry What is the difference between molecules and supramolecules? a) Supramolecules are held together by strong covalent, ionic or metallic bonds b) Supramolecules is a union of two or more molecules held together by intermolecular forces. c) Supramolecules serve as substrates in the chemical reactions.

Carbon.
Using the C-C bond distance in graphite and simple geometry, calculate the diameter, the perimeter, the specific surface area of the unit cell, and density of single-walled carbon nanotubes that have 12 hexagons engirdling its equator. The atomic weight of carbon is 12 g/mol, and the C-C bond distance is 0.122 nm. Is it zigzag or armchair, metallic or semiconducting? The specific surface area of the unit cellis the area of the cylindrical surface divided by the mass of the nanotube unit cell. 16. Zigzag or armchair? 17. Nomenclature (?;?) 18. Metallic or semiconducting? 19. Perimeter 3 nm 20. Diameter 0.95 nm 21. Density 3.12 g/cm3 22. Specific surface area 1.35*103 m2/g

Catalysis
23. Why do you think smaller nanoparticles are more active than larger particles in catalysis?

Yes No a) Only surface atoms participate in catalytic process, and higher surface / volume ratio makes the difference. b) Nanoparticle curvature, lack of strained or altered bonds plays a role. c) Lack of sufficient nearest neighbors is important. d) Rearrangement of surface atoms change the geometric structure and electronic properties. 24. Synthesis of single-wall carbon nanotubes by chemical vapour deposition requires the presence of metal catalysts usually cobalt, iron and nickel. What factor is important? a) Diffusion capability b) ability to form metal hydrides c) electronic structure

Thermo
25. Why does Fourers law fail on the nanoscale? a) temperature can be determined on the length scale of the phonon mean free path. b) temperature can be determined on the length scale of the phonon wavelength c) Thermal conductivity coefficient is equal to zero d) The time rate of heat transfer through a material becomes quantized 26. Heat transfer in bulk materials is mediated by a) phonons, b) photons, c) electrons, d) holes 27. This parameter practically does NOT affect the thermal properties of the material a) electron mean free path b) phonon c) spin-flip scattering length d) phonon wavelength 28. Thermal conductance of the nanostructures at very low temperatures a) equals to zero b) equals to infinity c) shows steps in conductance like in electrical conductance d) has a quantum limit: phonons cannot have lower energy than a quantum of thermal conductance. 29. Nanocrystals are characterized by a) Increased vacancies concentration, b) Increased dislocation density,

c) Increased lattice parameter d) Increased workfunction. 30. The key to understanding the melting point depression is the fact that a) the surface energy is always lower in the liquid phase compared to the solid phase b) the kinetic energy is always lower in the liquid phase compared to the solid phase c) the potential energy is always lower in the liquid phase compared to the solid phase d) the exchange interaction energy is always lower in the liquid phase compared to the solid phase 31. Liquid Drop Model describes size-dependent melting. However, as particle size gets really small, deviations from the model arise because a) Ionization energy varies with cluster size. b) The fraction of surface atoms increases c) Cluster structural stability for example is influenced by magic numbers. d) Cohesive energy varies with cluster size

Nanooptics
32. What does the specific color of metal nanoparticles depend on Yes No a) Kind of metal b) Nanoparticle size c) Nanoparticle shape d) Surrounding media

33. How does collective oscillation of electrons at metallic surfaces cause the colour change of a Au (gold) colloids? a) Specific wavelengths (frequencies of visible light are absorbed, allowing only some colours to pass through and to be seen b) The oscillating electrons emit certain wavelengths in addition to visible light c) The oscillating electrons leave the gold particle and react with other chemicals d) None of the above 34. Three colloids of Au nanoparticles were prepared. They appear green, red and blue. Which colloid absorbs the highest energy of light? a) red b) blue c) green d) all are made of Au and absorb the same energy 35. How do the surface plasmon modes at the dielectric-metal interface appear?

a) The dielectric-metal interface contains localized charges, therefore the EM wave causes them to oscillate. b) The EM wave is absorbed, it induces alternating currents on the metal surface which re-emit the light out of the metal c) Polarization charges are created at the interface between two material, and the electrons respond to this polarization d) Quantum confinement of the photons on the interface leads to the creation of the wave propagating in one direction 36. In semiconductor nanoparticles, quantum confinement leads to a) an increase in the energy of optical absorption and emission b) an increase in the wavelength of the emitted radiation c) polarization dependence of optical properties. d) size dependent of scattering of light leading to color changes in colloidal solution . 37. Which one of these statements is / are NOT true? a) Gold at the nanoscale is red b) Copper at the nanoscale is transparent c) Silicon at the nanoscale is an insulator d) Aluminum at the nanoscale is highly combustible 38. A photonic analogue of an electronic quantum wire is a) light trapped in a cavity b) photonic waveguide c) photonic bandgap crystal d) superprism 39. The position of the energy levels in a thin film which has the properties of a potential well depends on: a) Workfunction, if it is a metal b) Electron affinity, if it a semiconductor c) Film thickess d) Effective mass of charge carriers 40. In a semiconductor quantum well the lowest energy level is situated at 0.04 eV. Give a rough estimate for the position of the second energy level. a) 20 meV b) 40 meV c) 80 meV d) 160 meV 41. The number of available states per unit volume per unit energy is called a) Fermi level b) Band structure c) Density of states d) Workfunction 42. If the movement of electrons is confined in 3 dimensions, the density of states is a) stepwise

b) proportional to the square root of energy c) inversely proportional to the square root of energy d) -function 43. Hardness (H) of polycrystalline material depends on the grain size (d) as H ~ d1/2. This is known as the Hall-Petch effect. Why do the mechanical properties depend on the grain size ? a) Grain boundary sliding make the material harder b) Grain boundary diffusion make the material harder c) Presence of nanopores and impurities make the material harder . d) Grain boundaries stop the motion of dislocations. 44. What is an approximate percentage of nanomaterials in nano-reinforced composites a) 0.5 5% b) 5 10% c) 10 20% d) 20 50% 45. Titanium oxide becomes superhydrophilic on the nanoscale. A liquid will "wet" a surface if: a) the liquid has a lesser density than the surface b) the forces between the liquid molecules are strong c) the liquid has a low vapor pressure d) the forces between the molecules and the surface are greater than the forces between the molecules of the liquid