Freescale Semiconductor Application Note

AN3152 Rev 2, 01/2007

Using the Wireless Sensing Triple Axis Reference Design

RD3152MMA7260Q Reference Design (ZSTAR)
by: Pavel Lajner and Radomr Kozub Ronov Czech System Center Czech Republic

The Wireless Sensing Triple Axis Reference Design (ZSTAR) is a wireless successor of the popular STAR board described in AN3112 (RD3112MMA7260Q). It is an improved demonstration tool that is designed to allow visualization of key accelerometer applications in the consumer industry as well as the low-cost 2.4 GHz wireless solution based on the MC13191 transceiver.

The ZSTAR is a two-board design where a MMA7260QT triple axis accelerometer is controlled by an 8-bit MCU MC9S08QG8 and connected via a wireless link to a computer. The USB stick connects via the computers USB slot. For the USB communication, a Full-Speed USB 2.0 8-bit microcontroller MCHC908JW32 is employed.

MC13191 S08QG8 MMA7260QT

MC13191 HC908JW32

Figure 1. ZSTAR Design Overview

Freescale Semiconductor, Inc., 2007. All rights reserved.

FEATURED PRODUCTS
This demo consists of several Freescale products. The main features are listed below.

Triple Axis Accelerometer MMA7260QT

The ZSTAR board is a demonstration tool for the MMA7260QT, a 3-Axis Low-g accelerometer. The MMA7260QT has many unique features that make it an ideal solution for many consumer applications such as freefall protection for laptops and MP3 players, tilt detection for ecompass compensation and cell phone scrolling, motion detection for handheld games and game controllers, position sensing for g-mice, shock detection for warranty monitors, and vibration for out of balance detection. Features such as low power, low current, and sleep mode with a quick turn-on time allow the battery life to be extended in end applications. The 3-axis sensing in a small QFN package requires only 6 mm x 6 mm board space, with a profile of 1.45 mm, allowing for easy integration into many small handheld electronics. There are several other derivatives of MMA7260QT: MMA7261Q XYZ triple axis accelerometer with selectable 2.5g to 10g range MMA6270Q XY dual axis accelerometer with selectable 1.5g to 6g range MMA6271Q XY dual axis accelerometer with selectable 2.5g to 10g range MMA6280Q XZ dual axis accelerometer with selectable 1.5g to 6g range MMA6281Q XZ dual axis accelerometer with selectable 2.5g to 10g range All members of this sensor family are footprint (QFN package) compatible, which simplifies the evaluation and design of the target application.

8 K Flash and 512 bytes RAM Support for up to 32 interrupt/reset sources 8-bit modulo timer module with 8-bit prescaler Enhanced 8-channel, 10-bit analog-to-digital converter (ADC) Analog comparator module Three communication interfaces: SCI, SPI and IIC

MC13191 2.4 GHz ISM Band Low Power Transceiver

The MC13191 is a short range, low power, 2.4 GHz Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) band transceiver. The MC13191 contains a complete packet data modem which is compliant with the IEEE 802.15.4 Standard PHY (Physical) layer. This allows the development of proprietary point-topoint and star networks based on the 802.15.4 packet structure and modulation format. For full 802.15.4 compliance, the MC13192 and Freescale's 802.15.4 MAC software are required. When combined with an appropriate microcontroller (MCU), the MC13191 provides a cost-effective solution for short-range data links and networks. Interfacing the MCU is accomplished by using a four wire serial peripheral interface (SPI) connection and an interrupt request output which allows for the use of a variety of processors. The software and processor can be scaled to fit applications ranging from simple point-to-point to star networks.

MC13192/MC13193 2.4 GHz Low Power Transceiver for the IEEE 802.15.4 Standard
The MC13192 and MC13193 are short range, low power, 2.4 GHz Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) band transceivers. The MC13192/MC13193 contains a complete 802.15.4 physical layer (PHY) modem designed for the IEEE 802.15.4 wireless standard which supports peer-to-peer, star, and mesh networking. The MC13192 includes the 802.15.4 PHY/MAC for use with the HCS08 Family of MCUs. The MC13193 also includes the 802.15.4 PHY/MAC plus the ZigBee Protocol Stack for use with the HCS08 Family of MCUs. With the exception of the addition of the ZigBee Protocol Stack, the MC13193 functionality is the same as the MC13192. When combined with an appropriate microcontroller (MCU), the MC13192/MC13193 provides a cost-effective solution for short-range data links and networks. Interfacing the MCU is accomplished by using a four wire serial peripheral interface (SPI) connection and an interrupt request output which allows for the use of a variety of processors. The software and processor can be scaled to fit applications ranging from simple point-to-point systems, through complete ZigBee networking.

Microcontroller MC9S08QG8
The MC9S08QG8 is a highly integrated member of Freescales 8-bit family of microcontrollers based on the highperformance, low-power consumption HCS08 core. Integrating features normally found in larger, more expensive components, the MC9S08QG8 MCU includes a background debugging system and on-chip in-circuit emulation (ICE) with real-time bus capture, providing single-wire debugging and emulation interface. It also features a programmable 16-bit timer/pulse-width modulation (PWM) module (TPM) that is one of the most flexible and cost-effective of its kind. The compact, tightly integrated MC9S08QG8 delivers a versatile combination and wealth of Freescale peripherals and the advanced features of the HCS08 core, including extended battery life with maximum performance down to 1.8 V, industry-leading Flash and innovative development support. The MC9S08QG8 is an excellent solution for power and sizesensitive applications, such as wireless communications and handheld devices, small appliances, Simple Media Access Controller (SMAC)-based applications and toys. MC9S08QG8 Features Up to 20 MHz operating frequencies at >2.1 volts and 16 MHz at <2.1 volts

Microcontroller MCHC908JW32
The MCHC908JW32 is a member of the low-cost, highperformance M68HC08 Family of 8-bit microcontroller units (MCUs). All MCUs in the family use the enhanced M68HC08 central processor unit (CPU08) and are available with a variety of modules, memory sizes and types, and package types.

AN3152 2 Sensors Freescale Semiconductor

MCHC908JW32 Features Maximum internal bus frequency: 8 MHz at 3.55 V operating voltage Oscillators: 4 MHz crystal oscillator clock input with 32 MHz internal phase-lock loop Internal 88 kHz RC oscillator for timebase wakeup 32,768 bytes user program FLASH memory with security feature 1,024 bytes of on-chip RAM 29 general-purpose input/output (I/O) ports: 8 keyboard interrupt with internal pull-up 3 pins with direct LED drive 2 pins with 10 mA current drive for PS/2 connection 16-bit, 2-channel timer interface module (TIM) with selectable input capture, output compare, PWM capability on each channel, and external clock input option Timebase module PS/2 clock generator module Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) Module

Universal Serial Bus (USB) 2.0 Full Speed functions: 12 Mbps data rate Endpoint 0 with 8-byte transmit buffer and 8-byte receive buffer 64 bytes endpoint buffer to share among endpoints 14

ZSTAR REFERENCE BOARDS

The goal of the ZSTAR design was to provide a small portable board with the capability to demonstrate and evaluate various accelerometer applications that accommodate the low-cost low-power wireless connection. One of the considerations for design was to use a small and versatile tool (board size is 56 mm x 27 mm or 2.20" x 1.10"). The Sensor board includes two PCB 2.4 GHz antennas, CR2032 Lithium battery holder and the two pushbuttons. The USB stick board has the same two PCB 2.4 GHz antennas, one pushbutton and a USB type A plug. Table 1 and Table 2 provide a brief description of the components on the ZSTAR boards and Figure 2 and Figure 3 show the location on the boards.

Table 1. ZSTAR Sensor Board Components

Component MMA7260QT MC9S08QG8 MC13191 Q1 Crystal SW1 Main switch S1 and S2 Pushbuttons D1 and D2 Status LEDs Transmit and Receive PCB Antennas CR2032 Lithium Battery Holder Component Function 3-axis Accelerometer part to give vibration and inertial readings to the board 8-bit microprocessor on the Sensor board, containing the SMAC stack, which can be reprogrammed on-board over the BDM (Background Debug Interface) 2.4 GHz Low-Power RF Transceiver used for wireless transmission 16.0 MHz crystal that accompanies MC13191 Transceiver Used to power on/off the Sensor board The pushbuttons are used when the Wireless mouse demonstration is active, acting as left and right mouse buttons. These LEDs provide the user feedback about the Sensor board status, Transceiver or Sleep mode activity These small footprint antennas are designed on the opposite sides of the PCB. Provides the power for the Sensor board (on bottom side of the Sensor board). The footprint design allows to use CR2430, CR2450 or CR2477 battery holders when larger battery capacity is required.

MC13191

Q1 Crystal

SW1 Main Switch

2.4 GHz Loop Antennas MMA720Q

MC9S08QG8

CR2032 Battery Holder on Opposite Side

S1 and S2 Buttons D1 and D2 LEDs Figure 2. ZSTAR Sensor Board View AN3152

Sensors Freescale Semiconductor

Table 2. ZSTAR USB Stick Board Components

Component MCHC908JW32 MC13191 Q1 Crystal Q2 Crystal S1 Pushbutton D1, D2 and D3 Status LEDs Transmit and Receive PCB Antennas J1 USB type A plug U3 and U4 Voltage regulator Component function 8-bit microprocessor on the USB stick board, contains the SMAC stack and USB driver software. Its main job is bridging the received data from the Sensor board to the USB. Can be reprogrammed over the USB port. 2.4 GHz Low-Power RF Transceiver used for wireless transmission 16.0 MHz crystal that accompanies MC13191 Transceiver Q2 is the 6.0 MHz frequency reference for the MCHC908JW32 MCU The pushbutton is used to change the operation mode of the USB stick (towards the PC). These LEDs provide the user feedback about the USB stick board status, Transceiver and USB activity These small footprint antennas are designed on the opposite sides of the PCB Provides the USB data connection and power from the USB slot U3 and U4 voltage regulators provide the regulated voltage for MC13191 and MCHC908JW32 out of 5.0 V voltage from USB port

PCB antennas

MC13191 LED indicators Button

MCHC908JW32

USB A type plug

Figure 3. ZSTAR USB Stick Board View

SOFTWARE
This reference design contains two pieces of software. The first one is on the Sensor board MCU (MC9S08QG8). Its job is to collect sensor data from the MMA7260QT accelerometer, create a data packet and send it over the SMAC (Simple Media Access Controller) driver using the MC13191 RF Transceiver. The sensor data is measured over three channels of the Analog-to-Digital converter, while another GPIO pin controls the sleep mode of the MMA7260QT accelerometer to conserve power. AN3152 4

Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) is used for communication with the MC13191. The overall application is powered from the coin-sized CR2032 Lithium battery that is located on the bottom side of the board. The overall average current consumption is below 1 mA with 20 data transmissions per second rate. This allows approximately 10 days of continuous operation at this realtime data rate. The simple ZSTAR RF protocol also transfers the calibration data. These data are stored in non-volatile Flash memory and are transferred on request. The software and hardware interface is shown in Figure 4.

Sensors Freescale Semiconductor

MC9S08QG8
Software

Calibration Data ZSTAR RF Protocol Handler Sensor Data SMAC

Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) Module

GPIO

Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) Module

MMA7260Q

Sleep

MC13191

Figure 4. ZSTAR Sensor Board Software Overview The second piece of software is contained within the USB stick board and its job is to create a bridge between the RF link and the USB connection. The sensor and keyboard data are received from the Sensor board and stored in the USB stick RAM memory. Another independent process is the USB protocol communication. Several options are possible. USB specifications define several ways of transferring data between the USB peripheral and the PC (called profiles or classes). In this demo two classes are demonstrated: Serial communication class (virtual serial port) HID (Human Interface Device) class The Microsoft Windows 2000/XP operating system contains by default a driver support for these classes which makes this solution simple for demonstration purposes. If the serial communication (virtual serial port) is demonstrated, the accelerometric data is available through the simple serial protocol compatible with the STAR demo. Thus most of the RD3112MMA7260QSW is usable also for data visualization. On the other hand, if the HID class is demonstrated, the ZSTAR demo behaves as a mouse. By tilting the sensor board, the mouse cursor movement can be controlled. The software and hardware interfacing is shown in Figure 5.

MC68HC908JW32
Software

Sensor & Button Data

ZSTAR RF Protocol Handler

Virtual Serial Port" or Mouse USB Protocol Handler Low-Level USB Protocol Driver USB 2.0 Full Speed Module

SMAC Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) Module

MC13191 USB Connection to PC

Figure 5. ZSTAR USB Stick Software Overview AN3152 Sensors Freescale Semiconductor 5

SUMMARY
Multi-axis sensing using an XYZ-axis low g acceleration sensor, MMA7260QT with selectable g-ranges of 1.5g/2g/4g/6g, is combined with the versatile MC9S08QG8 8-bit microcontroller. 2.4 GHz wireless communication is enabled by the latest RFCMOS technology. The MC13191 is a member of the pinto-pin compatible series of Freescale's transceivers, including the MC13192 which supports the IEEE 802.15.4 protocol and the MC13193 which supports full ZigBee compliant applications. The USB 2.0 with the 8-bit MCHC908JW32 full speed chip offers plug and play benefits. RD3152MMA7260Q demonstrates: Consumer and industrial wireless sensing applications Accelerometer: MMA7260QT (MMA7261QT/MMA6270QT/MMA6271QT/MMA6280 QT/MMA6281QT) Package: Quad Flat No-Lead (QFN) 6 x 6 x 1.45 mm Power: Low Voltage 2.2 V to 3.6 V Low power consumption: 500 A (3 A in standby mode) Selective g range: 1.5g, 2g, 4g, 6g (MMA7260QT/MMA6270QT/ MMA6280QT) 2.5g, 3.3g, 6.7g, 10g (MMA7261QT/ MMA6271QT/MMA6281QT)

Response time: 1 ms Microprocessor: MC9S08QG8 Versatile 8-bit microcontroller Wireless connectivity: ZigBee Transceivers (MC1319x) Microprocessor: MCHC908JW32 (USB 2.0 Full Speed)

References
AN3112 Using the Sensing Triple Axis Reference Board (STAR) AN1986 Using the TRIAX Evaluation Board AN3107 Measuring Tilt with Low-g Accelerometers AN3109 Using the Multi-Axis g-Select Evaluation Boards AN1611 Impact and Measurement Using Accelerometers AN2731 Compact, Integrated Antennas: Designs and Applications for the MC13191 and MC13192 SMACRM Simple Media Access Controller (SMAC) User's Guide AN2728 Demonstration Guide for SMAC Applications AN2295 Developer's Serial Bootloader for M68HC08 and HCS08 MCUs

AN3152 6 Sensors Freescale Semiconductor

VDD Alps SKRP U1 3 MMA7260QT S2 R3 R4 3 4 R5 GND 3 4 1 3 5 VDD VDDA C5 10nF G_SEL2/TxD G_SEL1/RxD 31 22 S1 VDD Alps SKRP VBATT VDD IRQ 15 CLKO RXTXEN ATTN IRQ PAO+ PAO5 6 L3 5.6nH 13 1 1 1 U2 14 20 SS MOSI VDDINT 12 RST U3 MC13191FC 1 2 GND GND GND C1 C2 C3 100nF 100nF 100nF GND C4 100pF GND 10k 10k 2 4 6 J2 BDM 10k 1 2 VDD GND VDD

VDD

R1 INF

R2 INF

R6 0R 4

R7 0R

GND

VSS

MC9S08QG8CDTE GND MISO SPICLK

C8 6.8pF + R8 0R C14 470uF/4V D1 LED GND GND C10 10nF C12 10nF C13 10nF D2 LED R9 0R GND GND

C9 6.8pF

41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33

EPGND EPGND EPGND EPGND EPGND EPGND EPGND EPGND EPGND

Sensors Freescale Semiconductor

1 g-Sel1 g-Sel2 SLEEP Z 13 Y 14 X 2 12 15 L1 22nH VDDLO1 VDDLO2 VDDA 29 28 32 L2 22nH
C

G_SEL1/RxD G_SEL2/TxD SPICLK MOSI SPICLK GND LED1 LED2

MOSI

19 17 18 16

16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 PTA0/KBI0/AD0/TPM1CH0/ACMP1+ PTA5/RESET/IRQ/TCLK PTA1/KBI1/AD1/ACMP1PTA4/BKGD/MS/ACMP1O PTA2/KBI2/AD2/SDA1 Vdd PTA3/KBI3/AD3/SCL1 Vss PTB0/KBI4/AD4/RxD1 PTB7/SCL1/EXTAL PTB1/KBI5/AD5/TxD1 PTB6/SDA1/XTAL PTB2/KBI6/AD6/SPSCK1 PTB5/TPM1CH1/SS1 PTB3/KBI7/AD7/MOSI1 PTB4/MISO1 CE MOSI MISO SPICLK 11 10 9 8 23 24 25 26 Q1 16MHz NX2520SA 2 1 VDD LED1 LED2 27 GPIO1 GPIO2 GPIO3 GPIO4 GPIO5 GPIO6 GPIO7 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

RFIN+ RFINVDDVCO VDDD

2 1 30 21

L4 4.7nH

CRYSTAL1 CRYSTAL2

GND C6 10nF

GND C7 10nF

SW1 Alps/SSSS811101

APPENDIX A ZSTAR BOARDS SCHEMATICS AND PCBs

GND C11 10nF GND

GND

GND

BATT2 BATT1 Battery/Renata CR2477 Battery/Renata CR2032

Freescale Semiconductor RCSC 1. maje 1009 756 61 Roznov p.R., Czech Republic, Europe Title

Low-cost 2.4GHz Triax Board

Radomir Kozub & Pavel Lajsner Author: Design Name:
X:\ICONN\IC108 - LOW-COST 2.4GHZ AND XYZ ACCELEROMETER DEMO\HW\00239\00239.DSN

Rev 2.0 Schematic Name: Size A4 SCHEMATIC1 Friday, December 15, 2006 Modify Date: Sheet of 1 1 2005 General Business Information Copyright Freescale POPI Status:
4 3 2 1

Figure 6. ZSTAR Sensor Board Schematics

AN3152

Figure 7. Top Layer of the Sensor Board

Figure 8. Bottom Layer of the Sensor Board

Figure 9. Top Component Placement of the Sensor Board

Figure 10. Bottom Component Placement of the Sensor Board

AN3152 8 Sensors Freescale Semiconductor

1 FB1 BEAD VDD36 2 VDD33 C3 10nF GND GND C4 100pF 31 22 GND IRQ RST ATTN RTXEN CLKO GND 1 R1 33R J1 USB-A-MALE VDDA C2 10nF

VDD

S1 R2 33R C1 100nF 1 1 1 1 FB2 BEAD 1 12 RST CLKO RXTXEN ATTN IRQ PAO+ PAOU1 MC13191FC RFIN+ RFIN2 1 5 6 L5 5.6nH VDDLO1 VDDLO2 VDDA 29 28 32 15 GND 13 SPCLK IRQ 1 1 1 1 14 20 MOSI SS MISO 2 VBATT VDDINT

1 2 3 4

43

32

35 42

REG25V

R3 PTA0 VDD36 IRQ RxD GND GND GND 27 28 6 PTB0 PTB1 PTB5 U2 J2 GND VDD36 Q1 3 4 C8 6.8pF J3 GND VDD PTA0 GND 2 4 6 uMON08 GND GND 26 16MHz NX2520SA 27 2 1 MRESET MIRQ 37 38 34 TxD RxD Serial 1 3 5 2 4 6 25 26 GND VREG33EN 7 4 41 5 19 17 18 16 CE MOSI MISO SPICLK

560

VDD

LED

D2

R4

560

REG33V

VDDPLL

D1 30 31 11 10 9 8

VDD

PTE2/PS2CLK/D+ PTE3/DPTE4/SPCLK PTE5/MOSI PTE6/MISO PTE7/SS

VDD

21 23 24 NC NC NC NC NC NC NC VSS

2 3 12 20

GND 1 EPGND EPGND EPGND EPGND EPGND EPGND EPGND EPGND EPGND MRESET MIRQ OSC1 1 3 5

GND

41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33

C10 2n2

R7 1M

C9 6.8pF

EPGND EPGND EPGND EPGND EPGND EPGND EPGND EPGND EPGND

VDD36 29 33 108 107 106 105 104 103 102 101 100 44

Q2 Murata CSTCR6M00G53

OSC. GND 1 GND GND VDD U3 NCP502SQ33T1G 5 Vin Vout Enable VDD33 VDD36

Q3 EPSON-SG310 4.0MHz

GND

VSS33 VSSPLL

GND

Enable

GND

GND

Sensors Freescale Semiconductor

L4 22nH L3 22nH 1 48 47 46 45 40 39 36 PTA0/KBA0 PTA1/KBA1 PTA2/KBA2 PTA3/KBA3 PTA4/KBA4 PTA5/KBA5 PTA6/KBA6 PTA7/KBA7 VDDVCO VDDD L6 4.7nH 30 21
C

1 2

3 4

MIRQ

GND

Alps SKRP

LED

D3

R5

560

VDD

LED

13 14 15 16 17 18 19 22 CRYSTAL1 CRYSTAL2

11 10 9 8 23 24 25 GPIO1 GPIO2 GPIO3 GPIO4 GPIO5 GPIO6 GPIO7

GND C5 10nF

GND C6 10nF

R6 2k2

OSC1

C7 100pF

PTD0 PTD1 PTD2 PTD3 MC68HC908JW32FC PTD4 PTD5 RESET PTD6 IRQ PTD7 CGMXFC PTC0/T1CH0 PTC1/TCLK1 OSC1 PTC2/T1CH1 OSC2 PTC3

GND

VREG33EN GND U4 NCP502SQ36T1G 1 Vin Vout 5

Freescale Semiconductor RCSC 1. maje 1009 756 61 Roznov p.R., Czech Republic, Europe Title

ZSTAR USB dongle

Radomir Kozub & Pavel Lajsner Author: Design Name: C11 1uF C12 1uF GND C13 1uF GND
X:\ICONN\IC108 - LOW-COST 2.4GHZ AND XYZ ACCELEROMETER DEMO\HW\00240\00240.DSN

Rev 2.0 Schematic Name: Size A4 SCHEMATIC1 Monday, December 18, 2006 Modify Date: Sheet of 1 1 2005 General Business Information Copyright Freescale POPI Status:
3 2 1

Figure 11. ZSTAR USB Stick Board Schematics

AN3152

Figure 12. Top Layer of the USB Stick Board

Figure 13. Bottom Layer of the USB Stick Board

Figure 14. Top Component Placement of the USB Stick Board

Figure 15. Bottom Component Placement of the USB Stick Board

AN3152 10 Sensors Freescale Semiconductor

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AN3152 Rev. 2 01/2007