A management information system (MIS) provides information that is needed to manage organizations efficiently and effectively.

Management information systems are not only computer systems - these systems encompass three primary components: technology, people (individuals, groups, or organizations), and data/information for decision making. Management information systems are distinct from other information systems in that they are designed to be used to analyze and facilitate strategic and operational activities in the organization.[2] Academically, the term is commonly used to refer to the study of how individuals, groups, and organizations evaluate, design, implement, manage, and utilize systems to generate information to improve efficiency and effectiveness of decision making, including systems termed decision support systems, expert systems, and executive information systems.[2]. Most business schools (or colleges of business administration within universities) have an MIS department, alongside departments of accounting, finance, management, marketing, and sometimes others, and grant degrees (at undergrad, masters, and PhD levels) in MIS. The hotel front office management information system is the control center for the property and workers at the supervisory level and above must be well trained and motivated in order to achieve business objectives of high yield, high occupancy rates and above all top quality service. In hotel front office management hotel general manager are required to meet the challenges of day to day operation while practicing solid future planning and controlling skills. The technological advantages todays hotel managers have at their disposal and the challenges of living, training, scheduling and empowering workers to achieve to quality result. The top quality hotel in Nigeria is owned by government, other smaller hotels owned by individual do not keep to the standard for hotel operations. This because the only reason for the setting up of a hotel is to maximize profit. They do not take into account the welfare and condition of their customer. This result in many of the customers not being satisfied after their stay in these hotel due to poor management and time wasting in the flow of information with and outside the hotel environment. Using kadavu hotel examing the effect of computerization of hotel front office management information system in our hotels. Kadavu hotel ltd is one of the well know hotel in Enugu and it is a private limited company. It is located at 5/7 rangers Avenue, Enugu. It was established in 1979 by late honorable MR.P.N. Okeke. The administration of zodiac hotel is as follows: Executive director, board of directors, managing director, head of department/supervisors and staff.Make up the firm are Admin. Dept., account dept., reception, cash office, business center telephone exchange, restaurant, bar house keeping laundry, gardeners, reception waiters, store dept, driver section, kitchen dept, car hire section and security dept. SPEED OF OPERATION: Speed of operation is a measure of the time lapse from when a process starts to workers to when it end. Since the present system is manually operated, there is tendency for the workers of checking-in a guest, issuing of receipts checking-out a guest can take the receptionist (front officer) hour to finish.

ACCURACY In term of accuracy, the system is relatively slow and since it is dependent to human effort, so inevitable, it is also prone to human errors and omission. Example the issuing of receipts, most of the time is not accurate. The bills prepared are sometime over charged or undercharge and this can be very embarrassing to both guest and the management. The overcharging or under charging could be due to the receptionists carelessness or the inefficiency of the part of the account section. PURPOSE OF STUDY This study is designed to help the hotel front office to handle the flow and use of information in the hotel operation effectively. This study also tries to give an in dept looking in the easiest and most effective way for the growth and development of hotel industry in the country.Finally, the study will help new investors in the hotel industry to make the right decision and steps needed to start up a hotel. AIMS AND OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
The objectives of the study are as follows: To provide better service for the various guests either permanent, temporary or causal guest that comes to lodge or stay in the hotel. To produce a system where information and output report will be produced much faster, more accurately and more detailed to management and guest of hotel. To keep records that are compact, integrated and updated.

SCOPE OF THE STUDY This study is armed at finding out how effective the computerization of a hotel front office management information system will improve the operation of the hotel system in small hotels. However, out of the several departments that makes up the hotel. This research project is restricted to only one section reception (front office) section LIMITATION The following constraints were faced by the researcher and limited the effort in the developing of a comprehensive package needed in a hotel industry. TIME: This project work has one semester time limit. It would have been desirable for a longer period of time for the development of a package for the hotel INFORMATION: For some security reason, access to some vital information were derived by the management of the zodiac hotel ltd ASSUMPTION Due to insufficient information, I assumed the following:
The records of the information, about the guest has not be computerized.

The people that are going to use the software computer literate

DEFINTION OF TERMS GUEST: This guest are used in the contest of the work refers to individual, companies or corporate bodies who spends some time in the hotel either as permanent, temporary or casual guest RECEIPTS: This is a place of paper which contains the description of expenditure and amount paid for a service by the guest and also include is the name and address of guest. SYSTEM FILE ARRIVAL FILE: This is master file consisting of the guest name, companies name and address, state, country, nationality, profession etc. which also include the mode of payment to be used by the guest. MENU FILE: This is a transaction file used in the new system. It consists of the descriptions of food, the price of the good and the menu code REST FILE: This is also a transaction file that consist information bill, the about restaurant bill, the room price reference number, dates etc. Lodging Operations: This involves the front office which consists of the first people to welcome guests in the hotel. This includes the front office manager who supervises the work of the receptionist; the receptionist; the information clerk and other service personnel like the bell boy who assists the guests with their luggage to check into their rooms. Restaurant Management: Responsible for catering assignments, stock of table ware, linen, paper, supply furniture, etc. Housekeeping: This is about cleanliness in rooms,lounges, lobby, restaurant, dining halls, etc. It is supervised by the executive housekeeper. Marketing, Accounting/Finance: This is a major aspect of hotel management. It works to identify the needs of prospective customers. Requirement Analysis: This deals on system appearance, functions and clients requirements. Database Design: This defines the database (a large store of data held in a computer); which data should be stored. User Interface Design: This is the design of a multifunctional user interface so that users can operate easily. Implementation and Testing: This is connecting the user interface with the database, test running it to find out if it works.

The following are examples of some of the information system products that are available to hotel operators: LodgingTouch Property Management System (by Hotel Information Systems)[8] The system is divided into various modules which can interact with the front office, group sales, guest history, accounts receivable, travel agencies, and yield management. Hoteliers can search and retrieve guest information by various fields, including name, address, confirmation numbers, and other fields. In addition, the system allows users to search for accounts using any criteria. Paragon AS/400 Front Office System (by Hotel Information Systems)[9] Planning for a guest's stay includes managing accommodations, aggressive pricing, marketing, forecasting, and implementing reporting controls. The Paragon system claims a flexible system that provides information in order to achieve optimal standards. The system provides information and feedback to measure financial impact and quality. Paragon can manage the complete hotel system. Paragon can be integrated with Paragon Back Office, Central Reservations, and complementary products. Some benefits claimed by the Paragon include improved customer service, efficient internal operations, and control over financial data integrity. Other key features include:

Easy reservation input Optimal return on rooms by providing flexible rate configuration and maximum room occupancy Access availability by room type, total hotel and group. Provide confirmation letters and pre-printed registration cards. Capture additional guest information through hotel configurable fields. Maintain wait lists Provide flexible package configurations.

CLS Software Property Management System (by Hotel Information Systems)[10] This system can support properties of all sizes, from 50 to 1,000 rooms. They also claim a comprehensive integrated modular system that links together all aspects of the hotel function. The system comes in domestic and international versions. Other key features include:

Ease of data entry Over 200 interface solutions Technical Support - 24-hours a day, 7-days a week, 365-days a year Over 25 years of experience.

Hotel Information Systems' epitome Project Management System for UNIX Hotel Information Systems offers a wide variety of other hotel management systems, namely, epitome Project Management System for UNIX. This system can be utilized with the hotel's current IT system.

Types of Management Information Systems

A management information system (MIS) is a computer-based system that provides the information necessary to manage an organization effectively. An MIS should be designed to enhance communication among employees, provide an objective system for recording information and support the organization's strategic goals and direction.

Transaction-Processing Systems
Transaction-processing systems are designed to handle a large volume of routine, recurring transactions. They were first introduced in the 1960s with the advent of mainframe computers. Transaction-processing systems are used widely today. Banks use them to record deposits and payments into accounts. Supermarkets use them to record sales and track inventory. Managers often use these systems to deal with such tasks as payroll, customer billing and payments to suppliers. Operations Information Systems Operations information systems were introduced after transaction-processing systems. An operations information system gathers comprehensive data, organizes it and summarizes it in a form that is useful for managers. These types of systems access data from a transactionprocessing system and organize it into a usable form. Managers use operations information systems to obtain sales, inventory, accounting and other performance-related information. Decision Support Systems (DSS) A DSS is an interactive computer system that can be used by managers without help from computer specialists. A DSS provides managers with the necessary information to make informed decisions. A DSS has three fundamental components: database management system (DBMS), which stores large amounts of data relevant to problems the DSS has been designed to tackle; model-based management system (MBMS), which transforms data from the DBMS into information that is useful in decision-making; and dialog generation and management system (DGMS), which provides a user-friendly interface between the system and the managers who do not have extensive computer training. Expert Systems and Artificial Intelligence Expert systems and artificial intelligence use human knowledge captured in a computer to solve problems that ordinarily need human expertise. Mimicking human expertise and intelligence requires the computer to do the following: recognize, formulate and solve a problem; explain solutions; and learn from experience. These systems explain the logic of their advice to the user; hence, in addition to solving problems they also can serve as a teacher. They use flexible thinking processes and can accommodate new knowledge. Considerations A potential problem with relying on electronic communication and processing of information is the loss of the vital human element. Sometimes, because of the complexity of information, an MIS report cannot effectively summarize it. Very rich information is needed to coordinate and run an enterprise, and certain classes of information cannot be quantified. For example, it

might be wrong to evaluate an employee's performance solely based on numbers generated by an MIS. Numbers can indicate a performance problem, but a face-to-face meeting is necessary to discuss the nature of the problem.