PAINT TECHNOLOGY (2) Q01- By what name would you call the basic unit of a polymer?

Ans-

(Wednesday)

Poly means many and Mers means single units, can be single atom or molecule.

Q02- What is polymerisation? AnsJoining together of a string structure of repeated units.

Q03- Name three types of polymers. AnsLinear polymer, branched polymer and cross linked polymer.

Q04- What would be the characteristics of a short oil paint? AnsFast drying, brittle Less than 45% oil to resin.

Q05- What would be the characteristics of a long oil paint? AnsSlow drying properties, elastic, More than 60% oil to resin. Q06- What is meant by the term opaque pigment? AnsInert particle with excellent scattering properties in order to give covering power, opacity and colour,( Coloring pigment) Q07- What is the typical size of a pigment partical? Ans1/10th micron. 0.1 Micron. Q08- Briefly describe the difference between saturated and unsaturated when referring to oils or polymers. AnsSaturated oil will not solidify by polymerisation to form a film and unsaturated oil will combine with oxygen. Q09- Name two drying oils, which are unsaturated. AnsLinseed oil, tung oil. Semi drying oil and Non drying oil.

Q10- What is the main difference between a dye and a pigment? AnsDye can easily dissolve but pigment cannot.

Q11- What are the sources of pigments? AnsAnimal, vegetable, mineral and synthetically produce.

Q12- If Titanium Dioxide was used in paint, what would be the colour? AnsWhite colour.

Q13- Name three rust inhibitive pigment considered to be toxic. AnsRed Lead, calcium plumbate, Coal tar and zinc chromate.

Q14- Name four commonly occurring minerals used as extender pigments. AnsKaolin, china clay, calcium plumbhate, magnesium silicate and aluminium silicate. (4.12)

Q15- Name three laminar pigments. AnsMicacous iron oxide, Glass flake, Graphite and Aluminium flake.

Q16- If pigment was added way below the CPVC, how would it affect the film? AnsA film have a good gloss properties but poor covering power and have tendency to blister or low cohesive strength. Q17- The abbreviation CPVC means what? AnsCritical Pigment Volume Concentration.

Q18- why are thixotropes added to a paint formulation? AnsTo give more shelf life and higher film thickness.

Q19- If carbon was used as a pigment what would be the paint colour? AnsQ20 AnsA black colour. Name four properties that a binder contributes to a paint film? Ease of application, adhesion to substrate, abrasion resistance, chemical resistance and cohesive strength. Q21- Describe how a basic inhibiter works? AnsAdded into primer to protect the steel substrate by passivation.

Q22- which of the common extenders could not be used in white and pestle? AnsSlate flavor.

Q23- How could the film be affected if pigment was added above the CPVC? AnsAll particle are not wetted, the paint film would be porous, low in cohesive strength and adhesion. Q24- Which of the rust inhibitive pigment is the most common? AnsZinc phosphate.

Q25- Why are the extenders used in paint formulation AnsProvide adhesion, cohesion, films strength and durability.

Q26- If chromium was used as a pigment, what colour would the paint be? AnsGreen, yellow and oranges.

Q27- Why are plasticisers added to paint? AnsTo give paint flexibility and reduce brittleness.

Q28- Two metals are commonly used as galvanic pigmentation, name them. AnsZinc and Aluminium.

Q29- Why are driers added to oil based paint? AnsFor oxidizing oil and resin which are added during paint manufacturing. Q30- What is meant by the term thixotropic? AnsIt is a thickener which also allow a higher film thickness. Q31- What is meant by the term aggregate when referring paint? AnsProcess of milling or grinding a paint ingredient to a suitable size.

Q32- If an antioxidant was added to paint, what would it do? AnsIts will retard the formation of skin on the paint surface.

Q33- Give the names of two plasticisers. AnsCastor oil and coconut oil. Alkyd resins and non drying oil.

Q34- What is meant by the term solution? AnsThe resulting liquids I.e. salts mix with water will result salty water. Water and sugar are solution. Q35- Give two example of a solution. AnsBinder and solvent, water and salt, water and sugar.

Q36- What is meant by the term dispersion? AnsNo solubility between two materials e.g. Paint.

Q37- There are two types of dispersion, what are they? AnsSuspension and Emulsion.

Q38- If paint cures by chemical reaction is it reversible or convertible? AnsConvertible/Non Reversible.

Q39- what types of polymerization occurs in chemically curing paint? AnsQ40AnsCross linked Polymer. Name a paint which dries solely by solvent evaporation. Chlorinated Rubber, Vinyl, Acrylic, cellulous material and lacquer.

Q41- What is meant by non convertible? AnsAllowing the polymer in a paint structure back into solution. Q42- What is meant by non reversible? AnsNot allowing the polymer in a paint structure back into solution.

Q43- Name four drying mechanisms. AnsSolvent Evaporation, Oxidation, Chemical Curing and Coalescence. Chlorinated Rubber, Vinyls, Acrylic and fall into Linear Polymer categories.

Q44- In a coating, which dries by solvent evaporation, what type of polymerization occurs. Ans-

Q45- What is another term for Fineness off Grind? AnsThe Hegman Grind Gauge which used to measure degree of dispersion of paint.

Q46- Which generic type of paint dry by solvent evaporation followed by oxidation. AnsAlkyd, Phenolic and neutral oil and resin.

Q47- What types of polymer forms during oxidation? AnsCross linking Polymer.

Q48- What term applies to paint drying at ambient temperature? AnsAir Drying. Reversible or non convertible and linear polymer. Q49- What is meant by the term co-alescence? AnsPhysically joint together. Q50- What is meant by the term Pot-life AnsThe periods of time after mixing which paint must be used.

Q51- Name three curing agents used in epoxies? AnsAmides, Amines and Isocycnate.

Q52- Is paint a solution or dispersion, qualify? AnsDispersion.

Q53- What is exothermic reaction? AnsGiving off heat, the container will warm up. Q54- What is meant by the term Induction period? AnsThe length of time after mixing which the paint should stand before used to allow polymerization/ wetting of paint. Q55- What is the difference between thermoplastic and thermosetting? AnsThermosetting means the material will cure with the application of heat. And Thermoplastic means materials soften with the application of heat. Q56- With a chemically curing paint, what type of polymerisation occurs? AnsCross Linking Polymer.

Q57- Two other terms relate to induction period, what are they?

Ans-

Stand Time and Lead Time.

Q58- Does a Phenolic resin have an induction period? AnsYes, the time depends on Paint Manufacturer recommendation.

Q59- Which of the following binders are reversible? Ansa)Epoxy Rubber, e) Alkyd b) Phenolic f) Cellulose c) Vinyl g) Urethane d) Chlorinated h) Silicon

Q60- Is an epoxy powder paint thermoplastic or thermosetting? AnsThermosetting, the powder will cure with the application of heat. Its a Barrier coat.

Q61- If a coating is permeable, what does it mean? Ans-

Q62- What is meant by cross-linking, give two binders as an example? Ans????????

Q63- What is opposite to exothermic? AnsEndothermic reaction, taking in heat, the paint container will cold and forming

condensation. Q64- What is the term used for paints needing temperatures in excess of 65c to cure? AnsStoving, using oven or infra red.

Q65- What would be a typical induction period for Chlorinated rubber paint? AnsDepends on Technical Data Sheet recommendation from paint manufacture.

Q66- Name a material used as a dryer in paint formulation. AnsHeavy metal salts, Octoates or naphtanes of cobalt, manganese and zirconium.

Q67- Why would bentonite or wax be used in paint formulation? AnsTo keep solid particulated constituents in depression within the paints.

Q68- Name two materials used as plasticisers. AnsCoconut oil And Caster oil / Alkyd and Non drying oil.

Q69- What generic type of paints would use anti-oxidant? AnsQ70- How does a single pack? Epoxy Easter paint dry. AnsBy oxidizing.

Q71- How is Dew-point defined? AnsThe temperature at which water vapor in the air will condense.

Q72- How is relative humidity defined? AnsThe amount of water vapor in the air expressed as a percentage of the amount of water vapor which could be in the air at that same temperature. Q73- When using a whirling hygrometer which bulb should be read first and why? AnsAlways wet bulb first and immediately, when rotation stops wet bulb start rise in

temperature. Q74- At what speed should be thermometer bulb pass through the air? AnsAt a speed of 4meter/second.

Q75- What should be used when wetting the wick on whirling hygrometer? AnsDistilled water.

Q76- By what other name can we refer to a whirling hygrometer? AnsAspirated Hygrometer and Psychrometer. Q77- When the air temperature rises does the airs capacity to hold water increase or decrease? AnsDecrease.

Q78- What is the stated criterion for accept, prior to calculation, on a whirling hygrometer? AnsMust be according to BS 2482.

Q79- Name two pieces of equipment used for taking steel temperature? AnsLimpet Gauge, Digital Thermometer, Thermocouple and Touch Pyrometer.

Q80- Is it possible for wet bulb temperature to be higher than the dry bulb? AnsNo, its impossible.